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Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Mimosa Pudica L. (Fabaceae) Against Cryptolestes Pusillus (Schon) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae)

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Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Mimosa Pudica L. (Fabaceae) Against Cryptolestes Pusillus (Schon) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 2222-2235 International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 9 Number 9 (2020) Journal homepage: http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2020.909.277 Insecticidal and Repellent Activities of Mimosa pudica L. (Fabaceae) against Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon) (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) Ujjwal Kumar Mondol and W. Islam* Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh *Corresponding author ABSTRACT The insecticidal and repellent activities were observed by residual film method and surface K eyw or ds film application methods respectively. Leaf, stem and root of Mimosa pudica L. were Insecticidal, screened through Petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts against repellent activities, flat grain beetle, Cryptolestes pusillus (Schon.). The plant extracts showed less to high Residual film 2 mortality by using 0.25, 0.50, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/cm doses and the root extract showed most method, Surface potency. In 72 h of exposure, chloroform extract of root showed the lowest LD50 value film application (2.024 mg/cm 2) and 95% confidence limit was 1.730-2.292. In case of leaf, stem and root method, Mimosa the highest mortality was recorded in chloroform extracts were 73.3, 70.0, 80.0%; 80.0, pudica, 76.7, 90.0% and 90.0, 86.7, 96.7% respectively in 24, 48 and 72 h. The repellency Cryptolestes response among the three parts of the tested plant was different (p<0.05) and dose effect pusillus was more effective than exposure effect. The root extracts showed strong repellent activity than leaf and stem. The highest F-value was found 189.6542 and 83.48169 for dose and Article Info time effect respectively for petroleum ether extract of root. The order of dose-mortality Accepted: effect of M. pudica extracts was root > leaf>stem and the susceptibility of contact toxicity 17 August 2020 in intensity of solvents was chloroform> petroleum ether > methanol > ethyl acetate. The Available Online: order of intensity of repellent activity was root (petroleum ether) > leaf (petroleum ether) > 10 September 2020 stem (ethyl acetate). Introduction from the Latin word ‘pudica’ meaning bashful or shrinking to contact (Barneby Mimosa pudica L. is one of the important 1991). Mimosa is a genus of about 400 medicinal plants. It was first formally species of herbs and shrubs, in the sub-family described by Carl Linnaeus in Species Mimosoideae of the Legume family Plantarum in 1753 (‘Mimosa pudica’. Fabaceae. M. pudica (Amador-Vegas & Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS Dominguez 2014) (from Latin: pudica ‘shy, database).The generic name Mimosa is bashful or shrinking’; also called sensitive derived from the Greek ‘mimos’ (meaning plant, humble plant, sleepy plant, action plant, mimic) alluding to the fact that the leaves chuimui, ant-plant (‘Mimosa pudica’. Royal move in response to something moving Horticultural Society 2018) Dormilones, against them. The specific epithet is taken touch-me-not, shame plant or shy plant) is a 2222 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 2222-2235 creeping annual or perennial flowering plant Hagstrum, 1995; Banwo and Adamu, 2003; of the pea/legume family Fabaceae. Bughio and Wilkins, 2004). M. pudica has been used as a traditional The fascinating results produced by synthetic medicine for the treatment of neurasthenia, insecticides against pest, have been insomnia, traumatic injury, pulmonary overshadowed by recent debates surrounding tuberculosis and others. It mainly grows on their hazards to human health and effects on the hillside, jungle, glade and roadside of non-target organisms amongst other issues Asia. Many previous studies on M. pudica (Adedire et al., 2011). Furthermore, their revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenolics frequent usages sometimes result in the and others (Yuan et al., 2007; Yuan et al., development of insecticide resistance in target 2007; Yuan et al., 2006; Yuan et al., 2006 and species. The challenge of finding sustainable Yuan et al., 2006). In addition, many alternatives to these synthetic insecticides has bioactivities of M. pudica were also studied, led to the bio-prospecting of plants with such as antioxidant, antibacterial, repellent and toxicological properties antihepatotoxic activities and so on (Samuel (Osipitan et al., 2012). Natural products of et al., 2008, Nazeema and Brindha 2009, plant origin have been reported to be useful Adhikarimayum et al., 2010, Sadia et al., and desirable tools in pest management 2008). because they are effective (Chaubey 2017, Uyi and Obi 2017). Several experiments using Today, humans are waging an undeclared war plant extracts and powders in human and against insects in the competitive struggle for animal health protection, agriculture and in existence and almost no crop in the world is household pest management have been free from attack by insects, at least to some particularly promising. Although a number of degree (Berenbaum, 1995). Farmers have studies have empirically evaluated the use of been using plant extracts in pest control for extracts or powders from several indigenous centuries. Botanical insecticides are one of the plant species against insect pests (Habiba et best alternatives for the hazardous chemical al., 2010, Addisu et al., 2014, Uyi and insecticides. Phytochemicals are able to Osarieme 2016), but little is known about the induce different types of abnormalities in use of extracts from invasive alien plants to insects that could safely be used for insect control these noxious species (Uyi and Obi, pest control (Sreelatha and Geetha, 2011). 2017; Uyi and Osarieme, 2016). The protection of stored-grains against insect The plant-derived chemicals have been used attack is essential, especially for countries that as potential seed protectant (insecticides and have inadequate storage facilities and climatic antifeedants) often begins with the screening conditions that favor deterioration of grains of plant extracts (Pavela 2007). It is logical to (Pascual-Villalobos and Robledo 1999). expect biologically active compounds to be Currently, the control of insect pests is largely produced by plants as a chemical defense dependent on the use of synthetic chemicals measure against their enemies (Oly et al., in most parts of the world. However, the 2011). The application of plant materials with continuous use of synthetic insecticides is insecticidal or repellent properties to stored leading to problems such as pest resurgence, grains is a common traditional method in rural resistance and environmental hazards, areas around the world (Regnault-Roger et including human poisoning and toxicity to al., 2012, Kedia et al., 2013). other non-target organisms (Subramanyam 2223 Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci (2020) 9(9): 2222-2235 Cryptolestes pusillus (Coleoptera: Cucujidae) and root were separated and the stem and root is one of the most harmful insect of stored were chopped in small pieces with the help of grains. Stored wheat, wheat flour, rice bran, scissor and chopper. The leaf, stem and root corn, maize, beans, cassava, cocoa, cowpeas, were taken in wooden trays and kept open in groundnuts, nere seed, shorghum etc. are the laboratory for drying in room temperature attacked by a large number of insect pests and and tried to keep contamination-free by any causes a major amount of damage. C. pusillus cost. is one of the common and major insect pests of stored grains. It is cosmopolitan in After drying, the samples were taken in a distribution and occurs throughout the whole grinding machine and grinded the leaf, stem world especially tropical and subtropical and root samples separately and preserved in region of the world including Bangladesh. C. air-tight bags. 100 g dust of each part (leaf, pusillus completes the life cycle within 30 to stem and root) was taken in baspata envelope, 34 days at 30°C temperatures. It multiplies sealed and kept them in air-tight transparent rapidly in worm conditions and causes a large polythine bags. The bags were marked with amount of damage about 100% after six date and preserved for extraction. months of storage. The damage is caused both by the larval and adult stages of C. pusillus. Chemical extraction of the plant parts Natural products from locally available plants To yield the extracts of leaf, 500 g dust of leaf with insecticide activity represent a low-cost was taken in five conical flasks of 500 ml and sustainable alternative to protect (100 g in each conical flask) and poured 400 agricultural production. Furthermore, ml petroleum ether in each of the five flasks. botanical insecticides supposedly pose little All the flasks were covered by aluminum foil threat to the environment or human health and shaked for 72 h in an electric shaker. compared with synthetic insecticides, and After shaking the extracts of leaf of petroleum they represent a suitable alternative to ether was filtered by Whatman filter paper controlling mites and insect pests worldwide No.1 and collected the extracts in a beaker. (Isman 2006, Regnaut-Roger et al., 2012, After filtering again the flasks were poured by Kedia et al., 2013). 300 ml petroleum ether, shaked for 48 hours and collected the extract in the same beaker. Materials and Methods Repeated the work for third time the beaker was kept at room temperature for evaporation Plant collection and identification of the solvent. After evaporation, the extract was collected in a glass vial and preserved at The sample plant touch-me-not, Mimosa ° pudica L. was collected from the Botanical 4 C. The same procedures were followed to Garden of Rajshahi University Campus. The yield the extracts of stem and root voucher specimen was then confirmed from respectively. the Taxonomical section of the Department of Botany, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh. When the extracts of leaf, stem and root of petroleum ether were collected, the dusts in Preparation of extracts the conical flasks were dried in room temperature to evaporate the solvent.
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