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Title MARINE ALGAE OF THE KURILE ISLANDS. I Author(s) NAGAI, Masaji Citation Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University, 46(1), 1-137 Issue Date 1940-03-30 Doc URL http://hdl.handle.net/2115/12739 Type bulletin (article) File Information 46(1)_p1-137.pdf Instructions for use Hokkaido University Collection of Scholarly and Academic Papers : HUSCAP MARINE ALGAE OF THE KURILE ISLANDS. I By Masaji NAGAI I. Introduction The first publication of the marine algae from the Kurile Islands was that by POSTELS and RUPRECHT on the distribution of Alaria fistulosa POST. et RUPR. from Kamchatka to Saghalien and the Kuriles, in. their master work, "IIlustrationes Algarum Oceani Pacifici Imprimis Septentrionalis", published in 1840. RUPRECHT in 1848 described Arthrothamnus kurilensis RUPR. from Uruppu lsI. under the subject of "Bemerkungen uber den Bau und das Wachstum einiger Grossen Algen-Stamme, und uber die Mittel, das alter derselben zu bestimmen." In his later work, "Tange des Ochotskischen Meeres", 1851, RUPRECHT described many species the same as those occurring in the Kuriles. Since the publication of RUPRECHT'S account, investigations on the marine flora of the Kurile Islands have been made chiefly by Japanese algologists. It was the late Dr. K. YENDO who first visited this archipelago as an .algologist. He visited Simusyu lsI. in the North Kuriles and Etorohu lsI. in the South Kuriles. His reports have been published in the Tokyo Botanical Magazine and elsewhere since 1903. They are, however, all fragmentary. Reports were also given by the late Dr. K. OKAMURA and Prof. K. MIYABE. Dr. OKAMURA reported his studies on the Kurile species of algae in various publications; such as the Tokyo Botanical Magazine, Icones of Japanese Algae, Nippon Sorui Meii (Enumerations of Japanese Algae), Nihon Kaisosi (Marine Algae of Japan), etc. Prof.• Emer. K. MIYABE described several species of the Laminariaceae of the Kuriles in his "Lam~ inariaceae of Hokkaido", in 1902, recently in conjunction with the present writer in the Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History [Jour. Facul. Agr., Hokkaido Imp. Univ., Sapporo, Vol. XLVI, Pt. I, March, 1940] 2 MASAJI NAGAI Society and also in the Proceedings of the Imperial Academy. The present writer has previously reported several species of marine algae. Prof. Y. YAMADA reported also the marine algae of the North Kuriles based upon OKADA'S collection, in 1934. He paid a visit to Uruppu lsI. in 1933. His study on the marine flora of that island was published in 1934 (in Japanese) and also in 1935 (the same as the former, in English) under the title of "Marine Algae from Urup, the Middle K~riles, especially from the vicinity of lema Bay", in which fifty species, with five varieties and five forms are enumerated. Next year "A List of Marine Algae from the Island of Shikotan" was reported by S. KAWABATA who had studied the marine algae of that island for two years under the direction of Prof. YAMADA. In his report, seventy-eight species with four forms are enumerated. The first botanizing excursion of the present writer was under­ taken in the summer of 1929 with the late Mr. M. SHIMAMURA,* who was a student of Botany in the university at that time, in the island of Kunasiri. In the summer of 1930, the writer took part in the "Hokkaido-tyo Expedition to the North Kuriles" under the com­ mand of Mr. R. NAKAMURA, Head of the Bureau of Harbor Works, on the S.S. "Sanyo-maru." He made explorations during the expedi­ tion to the islands of Paramusiru, Simusyu, Araido, Simusiru, Uruppu, Etorohu and Kunasiri, and collected many specimens of marine algae from these islands. Thereafter he made botanizing excursions five times before 1936 to many islands within the archipelago. The islands to which he went, are as follows: to Kunasiri and Etorohu three times, to Uruppu, Simusiru, Para­ musiru and Simusyu twice and to Sikotan, Ketoi, Usisiru, Ra­ syuwa, Matuwa, Musiru, Harumukotan, Onnekotan and Araido once. A large number of specimens have been obtained in these expeditions. They are now deposited in the Herbarium of the Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido Imperial University. Among the exotic specimens in this Herbarium, many specimens from the Pacific side of North America are very helpful in studying the * It is the writer's deep grief that Mr. M. SHiMAMURA who was at the front as a cavalry sub-lieutenant in the present China Incident, died in January, 1!t39 in North China. The writer proposes in this paper to give his name to a new species of Antithamnion, one of the most beautiful algae in the Kuriles, in memory of the friendship enjoyed by the writer during the trip to Kunasiri lsi. MARINE ALGAE OF THE KURILE ISLANDS Kurile species. The writer is much obliged to Prof. Emer. W. A.' SETCHELL and the late Prof. N. L. GARDNER of the University of California for their courtesies in sending many valuable specimens to our Herbarium. The writer wishes to express his heartiest thanks to Prof. S. ITO under whose valuable guidance and constant encouragement the present work has been completed. The writer wishes to express his grateful acknowledgement to Prof. Emer. K. MIYABE and Prof. Y .. YAMADA for their valuable suggestions and guidance and moreover for their kindness in reading the original manuscript. His indebted­ ness is also acknowledged to them for the free use of their libraries. He is very grateful to Prof. Y. TOCHINAI for his kind a;drvices and encouragement throughout the present work. Further the writer is much obliged to Mr. R. NAKAMURA, the Former Head of the Bureau of Harbor Works, Hokkaido Govern­ ment, Mr. K. lSI NO, the Chief Expert of the Fishery Bureau, Depart­ ment of Agriculture and Forestry, Captain S. TAKASIMA and the late Captain U. OBAMA for their kindness and courtesies offered him in his trips in the Kuriles. For the expenses incurred in the ex­ peditions from 1934 to 1936, the writer is indebted to the Fund for the Three Hundred Year's Memorial of Tosyogu and he desires to express his cordial thanks to that Foundation. for its financial aid. Acknowledgement is also due to Dr. S. IMAI, Prof. J. TOKIDA, Mr. T. HATTORI, Mr. Y. HADA, Mr. K. ISHIZUKA, and other colleagues in and out of the Institute for kindnesses rendered him in various ways. II. The Classification of the Marine Algae -in the Kurile Islands 1. Enumeration of the Species, Varieties and Forms MYXOPHYCEAE Order 1. Coccogonales Family 1. Chamaesiphonaceae Dermocarpa CROUAN, 1858 Dermocarpa pacifica SETCHELL et GARDNER (PI. I, figs. 1, 2) 4 MASAJI NAGAI in GARDNER'S New Pacific Coast Alg. II, (1918), p. 439, pI. XXXVII, fig. 22-24-SETCHELL & GARDNER, Mar. AIg·. Pacific Coast N. Amer. I, p. 27, pI. III, fig. 22-24. Cells aggregated into colonies, varying in shape from sub­ spherical to narrow wedge-shape through broad-ovate or pear-shape, 217-42/t long, 13.5-24,u diam. at the widest part; cell-wall ca. 1.5 ,it thick, hyaline, homogenous; cell contents bright blue-green or olive green when young, becoming brownish in age; gonidia numerous, ca. 2/1 diam. The specimens at hand accord well with the original description of the present species in all respects except the dimension of the width of the cells and of the colonies. According to SETCHELL and GARDNER, the colonies of their specimens measured up to 200 p in diameter. But those of the Kurile specimens are often 180 to 270 f! , and very :rarely attain to about 1 mm. in diameter. They are round, sometimes expanded into irregular outline. The cells of the writer's specimens appear to be slightly smaller in width than those of the American plant. The writer would like to identify his specimens with the present species for the time being, though there are a few minute discrepancies as above mentioned. Habitat and localities. Epiphytic on the fronds of various algae, e. g., Ra"lfsia fungiformis, Gigartina ochotensis, G. una~a­ schcensis, Pterosiphonia bipinnata, etc. N. Kur'iles. Paramusiru IsI.-Kakumabetu. M. Kur-iles. Usisiru IsI.-Kitazima. S. Km'il'es. Etorohu Isl.-Arimoe. Sikotan Isl.-Notoro. Kunasiri IsI.­ H urukama ppu. Distrib. California and Japan (the Kuriles). CHLOROPHYCEAE Order 1. Protococcales Family 1. Chlorochytriaceae 1. Chlorochytrium COHN, 1872 Chlorochytrium inclusum KJELLMAN AIg·. Arct. Sea, (1883), p. 320, pI. XXXI, fig. 8-17-DE' TONI, Syll. Alg. I, p. 637-Bj'lRGESEN, Mar. Alg. Faeroes, p. 481-SETCHELL, & GARDNER, Mar. Alg. Pacific Coast N. Amer. II, p. 147, pI. XIII, fig. 1-SINOVA, Alg. Mer Ochotsk. p. 92-TAYLOR, Mar. Alg. N.-E. Coast N. Amer. p. 43. MARINE ALGAE OF THE KURILE ISLANDS 5 Cells entirely included within the host tissue, pear-shaped, rounded at the bases, 84-150 x 80-144 p, much thickened at apices, 30-33 fl thick, becoming evenly thinner toward the lateral and basal wall, 4.5-6,1t thick. As far as the writer's studies have shown, the cells are not elliptic or ovate with apiculate tips, but pear-shaped with obtuse tips. The writer's specimens are probably not fully grown plants, but in the way to ripeness. The contents of the cells are yellowish green in color. The' above observations were made upon the dried specimens. Habitat and locality. Endophytic within the fronds of CaIIy­ menia ornata. M. Kuriles. HarumukQtan Isl.-HarumukQtan-byQti. Distrib. Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Alaska, Washington, Okhotsk Sea and Japan (the KuriIes). Order II. Chaetophorales Family 2. Vlotrichaceae 2. Vlothrix KUTZING, 1836 Key to the species 1. ChrQmatQphQre Qf a cQmplete ring; fertile filaments brQad, measming up to- 60 J1.

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