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US 20190029266A1 ( 19) United States (12 ) Patent Application Publication ( 10) Pub . No. : US 2019 / 0029266 A1 SAWANT ( 43 ) Pub . Date : Jan . 31 , 2019 ( 54 ) NOVEL CROP FORTIFICATION , (52 ) U .S . CI. NUTRITION AND CROP PROTECTION CPC .. .. .. A01N 63/ 04 ( 2013 .01 ) ; AOIN 25 / 12 COMPOSITION ( 2013 .01 ) ; A01N 63/ 00 ( 2013 .01 ) ; C05G 3 / 02 (2013 .01 ) ; C050 9 / 00 (2013 .01 ) ; C05C 9 / 00 (71 ) Applicant: Arun Vitthal SAWANT, Mumbai ( IN ) ( 2013. 01 ) ; C05F 11/ 00 ( 2013 .01 ) ( 72 ) Inventor: Arun Vitthal SAWANT, Mumbai ( IN ) (57 ) ABSTRACT (21 ) Appl. No. : 16 /047 ,834 The invention relates to an algal granular composition . More (22 ) Filed : Jul. 27 , 2018 particularly , the invention relates to an algal granular com position comprising at least one alga, and at least one (30 ) Foreign Application Priority Data agrochemically acceptable excipients selected from one or more of surfactants , binders or disintegrant having weight Jul. 27, 2017 (IN ) .. .. .. .. 201721026745 ratio of algae to at least one of surfactant, binder or disin tegrant in the range of 99 : 1 to 1 : 99 . The algae comprise Publication Classification 0 . 1 % to 90 % by weight of the total composition . The (51 ) Int . Cl. composition has a particle size in the range of 0 . 1 microns AOIN 63 / 04 ( 2006 .01 ) to 60 microns . Furthermore , the invention relates to a AOIN 25 / 12 ( 2006 . 01 ) process of preparing the algal granular composition com A01N 63 / 00 ( 2006 . 01 ) prising at least one alga and at least one agrochemically C05F 11/ 00 ( 2006 . 01 ) acceptable excipient. The invention further relates to a C05D 9 / 00 ( 2006 .01 ) method of treating the plants , seeds, crops , plantpropagation C05C 9 /00 ( 2006 .01 ) material, locus , parts thereof or the soil with the algal C05G 3 / 02 ( 2006 .01 ) granular composition . Patent Application Publication Jan . 31 , 2019 US 2019/ 0029266 A1 !! ! * ** *** * * * MATA ** * * AAAAALALABHAI111 :111 :111 : FIGURE 1 ** WWW MA www 083 FIGURE 2 US 2019 /0029266 A1 Jan . 31, 2019 NOVEL CROP FORTIFICATION , that despite of cells being lysed ( as can be seen in FIG . 2 ) , NUTRITION AND CROP PROTECTION a water dispersible granules of the present invention com COMPOSITION prising at least one algae and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, with a particle size of 0 . 1 microns to 60 1 . FIELD OF THE INVENTION microns demonstrates excellent field efficacy , for e . g . in the uptake of nutrients from the soil , in the yields and growth of [ 0001 ] The invention relates to an algal granular compo the crops , provides greater prophylactic control over plant sition . More particularly , the invention relates to an algal pathogenic disease . The water dispersible granules of the granular composition comprising at least one alga , and at present invention also exhibit superior physical characteris least one agrochemically acceptable excipient, the compo tics such as suspensibility , dispersibility , flowability and sition having excellent dispersibility , suspensibility and wettabilty . These superior characteristics of the product flowability . Furthermore , the invention relates to a process results in superior field efficacy without the need of using of preparing the algal granular composition comprising at any chemical products such as urea. The compositions of the least one algae and at least one agrochemically acceptable present invention also demonstrated superior performance excipient. The invention further relates to a method of under accelerated storage and also surprisingly be used in treating the plants , seeds , crops , plant propagation material, drip irrigation . locus, parts thereof or the soil with the algal granular composition . 3 . SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION : 2 . BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION [ 0007 ] The invention relates to granular compositions of at [ 0002 ] In describing the embodiments of the invention , least one alga . More particularly , the invention relates to specific terminology is chosen for the sake of clarity . How water dispersible granular composition comprising at least ever , it is not intended that the invention be limited to the one alga and agrochemical excipients including one ormore specific terms so selected and it is to be understood that each of surfactants , binders or disintegrant wherein the compo specific term includes all technical equivalents that operate sition exhibits excellent dispersibility , suspensibility , in a similar manner to accomplish a similar purpose . flowability and wettabilty . The algae comprise 0 . 1 % to 90 % [0003 ] Several agrochemical agents are being used at high by weight of the total composition . The composition dosages for long periods of time as fertilizers and for includes algae and one or more of surfactants , binders or countering pests and diseases . These chemical agents are a disintegrant in weight ratio of 99 : 1 to 1 : 99 and has a particle constant burden on the environment as they contaminate the size in the range of 0 . 1 microns to 60 microns . The algae soil, water, turf, and other vegetation . In addition to coun includes one ormore of green algae , red algae , golden algae , tering pests and diseases , they can be toxic to a host of other brown algae , golden - brown algae , blue algae , blue - green organisms including birds, fish , beneficial insects , and non algae or their species. target plants . Most of the agrochemical agents secrete into [ 0008 ] Furthermore , the invention relates to a process of soils and groundwater which can end up in drinking water preparing the algal granular composition including at least also . The sprays can drift and pollute the air. Further nutrient one alga and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipi losses are also a cause for concern due to the economics , as ent. The invention further relates to a method of treating the well as due to environmental reasons. plants , seeds, crops, plant propagation material, locus , parts [ 0004 ] One of the key challenges today is deteriorating thereof or the soil with the algal granular composition . soil health . Extensive use of soil fertilizers and pesticides [ 0009 ] According to an embodiment, the invention can has reduced organic and microbial matter of the soil. Plants further relate to the use of the algal granular composition as are unable to uptake nutrients applied to the soil. Biological at least one of a nutrient composition , a plant strengthener matrials such as algae , fungi and bacteria are useful alter composition , a soil conditioner composition , plant fortifica natives to chemical agents for improvement and /or mainte tion , plant protection and a yield enhancer composition . nance of soil nutrients . Algae are useful alternative to the [0010 ] According to an embodiment, the invention further chemical agents for improving the soil and plant health and relates to a method of improving the plant health , improving also to control the pests . Few algal products have been the plant nutrition , fortifying the plant, protecting the plant, known to be used as fertilizers and plant nutrients in order enhancing the plant yield , strengthening the plant or condi to decrese the burden on the environment as well as on the tioning the soil ; the method comprising treating at least one health of farmers and consumers . However, their use needs of seeds, seedling , crops, a plant, plant propagation material, to be optimized and their application needs to be improved locus , parts thereof or to the surrounding soil with effective in order to provide an economical result in terms of yield , amount of the algal granular composition involving at least plant growth , vitality and vigor to the farmer and also reduce one algae and at least one agrochemically acceptable excipi the burden on the environment. ent. [0005 ] Prior art douments talk about incorporating algae [ 0011 ] It was also observed that the composition exhibited as a coat over a core granule , but these granules cannot good physical and chemical properties , good release prop disperse or suspend well and cannot be be applied effectively erties , enhanced stability even at extended storage under in drip or sprinkler irrigation , as they tend to block the higher temperatures which in turn results in superior field nozzles and this poses a big application challenge in agri performance . culture. Similar is the case with commercially available alga powders where they cannot be used in drip or sprinkler irrigation systems. 4 . BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 10006 ] While microbial organisms are generally not viable [0012 ] For a more complete understanding of the inven under high shear, surprisingly the inventors have determined tion reference should now be made to the embodiments US 2019 /0029266 A1 Jan . 31, 2019 illustrated in greater detail in the accompanying drawings red algae , golden algae , brown algae, golden -brown algae , and described by way of embodiments of the invention . blue algae or blue - green algae or their derivatives, species [0013 ] FIG . 1 : Illustrates a microscopic image of the pure and mixtures thereof. spirulina powder at 10x magnification . The image depicts [0025 ] According to still further embodiment, the algae is typical intact spiral cells and lysed cells of Spirulina at least one selected from the division , but not limited to together. Cyanobacteria , Ochrophytes , Glaucophytes , Rhodoplasts , [0014 ] FIG . 2 : Illustrates a microscopic image of the Rhodophytes, Chloroplasts , Chrysophyta , Synurophytes ,
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  • Parallel Evolution of Highly Conserved Plastid Genome Architecture in Red Seaweeds and Seed Plants

    Parallel Evolution of Highly Conserved Plastid Genome Architecture in Red Seaweeds and Seed Plants

    Lee et al. BMC Biology (2016) 14:75 DOI 10.1186/s12915-016-0299-5 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Parallel evolution of highly conserved plastid genome architecture in red seaweeds and seed plants JunMo Lee1, Chung Hyun Cho1, Seung In Park1, Ji Won Choi1, Hyun Suk Song1, John A. West2, Debashish Bhattacharya3† and Hwan Su Yoon1*† Abstract Background: The red algae (Rhodophyta) diverged from the green algae and plants (Viridiplantae) over one billion years ago within the kingdom Archaeplastida. These photosynthetic lineages provide an ideal model to study plastid genome reduction in deep time. To this end, we assembled a large dataset of the plastid genomes that were available, including 48 from the red algae (17 complete and three partial genomes produced for this analysis) to elucidate the evolutionary history of these organelles. Results: We found extreme conservation of plastid genome architecture in the major lineages of the multicellular Florideophyceae red algae. Only three minor structural types were detected in this group, which are explained by recombination events of the duplicated rDNA operons. A similar high level of structural conservation (although with different gene content) was found in seed plants. Three major plastid genome architectures were identified in representatives of 46 orders of angiosperms and three orders of gymnosperms. Conclusions: Our results provide a comprehensive account of plastid gene loss and rearrangement events involving genome architecture within Archaeplastida and lead to one over-arching conclusion: from an ancestral pool of highly rearranged plastid genomes in red and green algae, the aquatic (Florideophyceae) and terrestrial (seed plants) multicellular lineages display high conservation in plastid genome architecture.