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Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles

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Marlin Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Will Rayment 2004-09-20 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1656]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Rayment, W.J. 2004. Ahnfeltia plicata A red seaweed. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1656.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2004-09-20 A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Bushy specimen of Ahnfeltia plicata in shallow sandy lower shore pool. Distribution data supplied by the Ocean Photographer: Francis Bunker Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). To Copyright: Francis Bunker interrogate UK data visit the NBN Atlas. Researched by Will Rayment Refereed by Dr Fabio Rindi Authority (Hudson) E.M.Fries, 1836 Other common - Synonyms - names Summary Description A perennial red seaweed which forms dense, tangled tufts. The fronds are very fine, tough and wiry with irregular or dichotomous branching and up to 21 cm in length. The holdfast is disc-like or encrusting, 0.5 to 2 cm in diameter. The fronds are dark brown when moist and appear almost black when dry. The uppermost branches are often green. Recorded distribution in Britain and Ireland Occurs on all coasts of Britain and Ireland. There is a paucity of records from south east England, reflecting a lack of suitable substrata. Global distribution Occurs in Europe from northern Russia to southern Portugal and in the Baltic Sea. Occurs in the Americas from arctic Canada to Mexico and is widely distributed in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Habitat Ahnfeltia plicata forms turfs on shallow sublittoral bedrock and in rockpools on the lower shore, often partly buried by sand. It may form part of the turf on soft or friable rocks which are too https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1656 3 Date: 2004-09-20 A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) - Marine Life Information Network unstable for large fucoids. The tetrasporophyte phase is common on pebbles, whereas the mature gametophytes only occur on more stable substrata. Depth range lower shore to 22 m Identifying features Gametangial thallus consists of discoid holdfast up to 10 mm in diameter, producing erect fronds. Fronds are terete, of horn-like consistency, uniformly 0.5 mm in diameter. Apices very blunt, axils usually rounded. Branching highly variable, from dichotomous to completely irregular. Male plants form spermatangial sori, visible as thickenings of mature axes, but absent from basal and apical regions of plant. Female plants form gametangial sori, up to 5 mm long and 70 µm high, usually on one side of the mature axes. Individual mature carposporophytes are hemispherical and about 300 µm wide. They may be discrete but are usually coalesced into elongate clusters up to 5 mm long. Tetrasporangial plants are crustose. Tetrasporangia occur in mucilaginous superficial sori with zonately arranged tetraspores. Additional information -none- Listed by Further information sources Search on: NBN WoRMS https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1656 4 Date: 2004-09-20 A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) - Marine Life Information Network Biology review Taxonomy Phylum Rhodophyta Red seaweeds Class Florideophyceae Order Ahnfeltiales Family Ahnfeltiaceae Genus Ahnfeltia Authority (Hudson) E.M.Fries, 1836 Recent Synonyms - Biology Typical abundance High density Male size range 3 - 21cm Male size at maturity 3cm Female size range 3cm Female size at maturity Growth form Foliose Growth rate See additional information Body flexibility High (greater than 45 degrees) Mobility Characteristic feeding method Autotroph Diet/food source Typically feeds on Sociability Environmental position Epilithic Dependency No information found. Supports Independent Is the species harmful? No Biology information Growth rate Maggs & Pueschel (1989) recorded observations on growth of Ahnfeltia plicata from Nova Scotia. 4 months after germination of carpospores, tetrasporophyte crusts had grown up to 2.6 mm in diameter. 2 months after germination of tetraspores, the basal holdfast had reached 1.1 mm in diameter, with numerous hair like fronds emerging. After 14 months the axes had grown up to 50 mm in length. In a continuous spray culture with water at 8-11°C and light intensities of 40-60 µE/m²/s, mean apical growth of Ahnfeltia plicata was 17.2 µm/day over 19 days (Indergaard et al., 1986). Permanently immersed plants under the same conditions grew at approximately 7 µm/day. Conversely, percentage biomass increase was greater under the permanent immersion regime; 0.57% increase in mass/day vs. 0.20% for the plants in spray culture (Indergaard et al., 1986). https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1656 5 Date: 2004-09-20 A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) - Marine Life Information Network Habitat preferences Physiographic preferences Open coast, Strait / sound, Enclosed coast / Embayment Lower eulittoral, Lower infralittoral, Sublittoral fringe, Upper Biological zone preferences infralittoral Substratum / habitat preferences Bedrock, Coarse clean sand, Cobbles, Pebbles Moderately Strong 1 to 3 knots (0.5-1.5 m/sec.), Weak < 1 Tidal strength preferences knot (<0.5 m/sec.) Wave exposure preferences Exposed, Moderately exposed, Sheltered Salinity preferences Full (30-40 psu), Reduced (18-30 psu), Variable (18-40 psu) Depth range lower shore to 22 m Other preferences Migration Pattern Non-migratory / resident Habitat Information Lüning (1990) suggested that Ahnfeltia plicata typically occurs as an understory algae beneath Laminaria sp. at depths of 1.5 to 4 m. Life history Adult characteristics Reproductive type See additional information Reproductive frequency Annual protracted Fecundity (number of eggs) No information Generation time Insufficient information Age at maturity see additional information Season July - January Life span See additional information Larval characteristics Larval/propagule type - Larval/juvenile development Spores (sexual / asexual) Duration of larval stage No information Larval dispersal potential No information Larval settlement period Life history information Lifespan No information was found concerning the longevity of Ahnfeltia plicata. However, it is a slow maturing perennial (Dickinson, 1963) and the thallus survives several years without considerable losses (Lüning, 1990). It likely to have a lifespan of 5-10 years, similar to other red seaweeds, such as Furcellaria lumbricalis. https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1656 6 Date: 2004-09-20 A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) - Marine Life Information Network Age at maturity No definitive information was found concerning age at maturity. However, Maggs & Pueschel (1989) made observations of Ahnfeltia plicata from Nova Scotia. Tetrasporophyte crusts matured and released tetraspores after 15 months. Gametangial plants had produced abundant monosporangia after 14 months but no other reproductive structures were formed during this time. Reproductive type Ahnfeltia plicata has a heteromorphic life history (Maggs & Pueschel, 1989). Carpospores formed on the female thallus as a result of sexual reproduction give rise to the tetrasporophyte encrusting form. In turn, the tetraspores formed on the tetrasporophyte phase give rise to the erect, gametophyte plants. However, male gametophytes also give rise to monosporangia, producing monospores which also develop into gametophytes. Maggs & Pueschel (1989) suggest that the recycling of erect male gametophytes may be important in habitats which are unsuitable for the encrusting phase. Timing of reproduction Maggs & Pueschel (1989) recorded observations of reproduction by Ahnfeltia plicata in Nova Scotia. Spermatangia were present on male gametophytes between July and January. Carpogonia were present on female gametophytes between July and November, carposporophytes began development between September and November, and were mature between October and July. Monosporangia, which were only found on male plants in the intertidal, were present from November to January. https://www.marlin.ac.uk/habitats/detail/1656 7 Date: 2004-09-20 A red seaweed (Ahnfeltia plicata) - Marine Life Information Network Sensitivity review This MarLIN sensitivity assessment has been superseded by the MarESA approach to sensitivity assessment. MarLIN assessments used an approach that has now been modified to reflect the most recent conservation imperatives and terminology and are due to be updated
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