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Los Albores De La Botánica Marina Española (1814-1939)

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Los Albores De La Botánica Marina Española (1814-1939) AlborBota CUBI rehe 22/3/07 12:49 Página 1 FRANCISCO JAVIER DOSIL MANCILLA FRANCISCO JAVIER LOS ALBORES DE LA BOTÁNICA MARINA ESPAÑOLA (1814-1939) FRANCISCO JAVIER DOSIL MANCILLA LOS ALBORES DE LA BOTÁNICA MARINA (1814-1939) ESPAÑOLA ISBN 84-00-08518-384-00-08518-3 9 788400 085186 CSIC LOS ALBORES DE LA BOTÁNICA MARINA ESPAÑOLA (1814-1939) FRANCISCO JAVIER DOSIL MANCILLA LOS ALBORES DE LA BOTÁNICA MARINA ESPAÑOLA (1814-1939) CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE INVESTIGACIONES CIENTÍFICAS MADRID, 2007 Reservados todos los derechos por la legislación en materia de Propiedad Intelectual. Ni la totalidad ni parte de este libro, incluido el diseño de la cubierta, puede reproducirse, almacenarse o transmitirse en manera alguna por ningún medio ya sea electrónico, químico, mecánico, óptico, informático, de graba- ción o de fotocopia, sin permiso previo por escrito de la editorial. Las noticias, asertos y opiniones contenidos en esta obra son de la exclusiva responsabilidad del autor o autores. La editorial, por su parte, sólo se hace res- ponsable del interés científico de sus publicaciones. Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales: www.publicaciones.administracion.es MINISTERIO CONSEJO SUPERIOR DE EDUCACIÓN DE INVESTIGACIONES Y CIENCIA CIENTÍFICAS © CSIC © Francisco Javier Dosil Mancilla NIPO: 653-06-140-3 ISBN: 978-84-00-08518-6 Depósito legal: M. Fotocomposición e impresión: Gráficas/85, S.A. 28031 Madrid Impreso en España - Printed in Spain ÍNDICE INTRODUCCIÓN ....................................................................................... 1 Capítulo I. PERSPECTIVA HISTÓRICA................................................... 7 1.- Recorrido histórico por la Ficología ................................................. 7 2.- El inicio de la Ficología marina en España....................................... 15 Capítulo II. LAS ALGAS MARINAS EN LOS CATÁLOGOS FLORÍSTICOS REGIONALES .................................................................. 27 1.- Decadencia y reactivación de la Botánica española.......................... 27 2.- Los inventarios regionales de la flora marina ................................... 31 3.- La contribución de un naturalista: Víctor López Seoane ................. 35 4.- Recopilaciones de los inventarios florísticos regionales................... 44 Capítulo III. LOS PRIMEROS PASOS PARA UNA FLORA MARINA ESPAÑOLA................................................................................................. 49 1.- Introducción...................................................................................... 49 2.- Romualdo González Fragoso y la flora marina de Cádiz ................. 52 3.- La flora marina de Baleares. La aportación de Juan Joaquín Rodrí- guez Femenías................................................................................... 65 3.1.- La pasión por las algas marinas de un empresario menorquín. 65 3.2.- Dos proyectos ficológicos frustrados. ...................................... 80 4.- El estudio de la flora marina del norte peninsular. La aportación de Blas Lázaro Ibiza .............................................................................. 84 4.1.- La formación ficológica de Lázaro Ibiza ................................. 84 4.2.- La catalogación de la flora marina del norte peninsular .......... 94 4.3.- El herbario de algas marinas de Lázaro Ibiza .......................... 97 4.4- La modernización de la Botánica española............................... 110 5.- El primer proyecto de flora marina española.................................... 115 Capítulo IV. LAS ALGAS MARINAS SE PRESENTAN EN SOCIEDAD 1.- La fijación de un vocabulario ficológico .......................................... 121 1.1.- La terminología botánica a lo largo del siglo XVIII ................ 121 1.2.- La elaboración de un vocabulario ficológico español .............. 121 2.- La divulgación de la Ficología marina en España ............................ 134 2.1.- La popularización de los bosques marinos............................... 134 2.3.- La Ficología en los manuales de Botánica............................... 144 2.4.- Las algas marinas en los discursos públicos y conferencias .... 149 VIII LOS ALBORES DE LA BOTÁNICA MARINA ESPAÑOLA Capítulo V. LA FICOLOGÍA EN LAS INSTITUCIONES CIENTÍFICAS 151 1.- Los ficólogos españoles y la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas................................................................ 151 2.- La diversificación de los estudios botánicos. El Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales y el Real Jardín Botánico................................... 154 3.- La Estación de Biología marina de Santander y el estudio de la flora marina....................................................................................... 158 4.- Los cursos de Biología marina del Museo Nacional de Ciencias Na- turales................................................................................................ 167 5.- Los cursos de Ficología marina de la Estación de Marín (Ponteve- dra). ................................................................................................... 172 6.- Contribución a la Ficología del Instituto Español de Oceanografía . 184 Capítulo VI. EL ESTUDIO DE LA FLORA Y VEGETACIÓN MARINAS EN ESPAÑA ENTRE 1900 Y 1939 ............................................................ 197 1.- Introducción...................................................................................... 197 2.- La aportación de Fermín Bescansa a la flora marina del noroeste peninsular.......................................................................................... 199 2.1.- Apuntes biográficos.................................................................. 199 2.2.- Formación ficológica de Bescansa........................................... 202 2.3.- Contribución de Bescansa al conocimiento de la flora marina del noroeste peninsular............................................................. 210 3.- Los estudios de Faustino Miranda de la flora marina del noroeste peninsular.......................................................................................... 219 3.1.- Una vida dedicada a la Botánica .............................................. 219 3.2.- Etapa de formación ficológica.................................................. 224 3.3.- Contribución ficológica de Miranda ........................................ 230 4.- La flora marina del Mediterráneo. Las contribuciones de Luis Be- llón .................................................................................................... 246 4.1.- El movimiento excursionista y la flora marina del Mediterrá- neo ........................................................................................... 246 4.2.- Luis Bellón, un oceanógrafo apasionado por las algas ........... 250 4.3.- La aportación de Bellón a la flora marina del Mediterráneo ... 253 Capítulo VII. LAS ALGAS MARINAS COMO RECURSO NATURAL .. 269 1.- Introducción...................................................................................... 269 2.- Uso tradicional de las algas marinas en España ............................... 271 3.- Investigaciones aplicadas a la obtención de yodo de las algas mari- nas ..................................................................................................... 279 4.- Las investigaciones del Instituto Español de Oceanografía: el estu- dio del ácido algínico de las algas marinas....................................... 284 5.- La industrialización de las algas marinas en España ........................ 292 5.1.- Introducción ............................................................................. 292 5.2.- “Explotación de algas S.A.”, una industria pionera en España en la utilización de las algas marinas ..................................... 294 ÍNDICE IX CONCLUSIONES....................................................................................... 317 ÍNDICE DE SIGLAS................................................................................... 333 LISTA DE TÁXONES CITADOS EN EL TEXTO .................................... 335 CRONOLOGÍA .......................................................................................... 341 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ........................................................................................ 349 ÍNDICE ONOMÁSTICO Y TAXONÓMICO ............................................ 385 INTRODUCCIÓN La Historia de la Ciencia es una disciplina en ciernes en nuestro país. Su pre- sencia resulta aún discreta en los espacios académicos y los debates que suscitan sus propuestas pocas veces trascienden los restringidos círculos de especialistas. Sin embargo, pocos factores definen tan bien un período histórico como la Cien- cia. Los logros sociales, las posibilidades de desarrollo, la estructura social, las manifestaciones religiosas, la higiene y la salud, las actividades lúdicas… no pue- den entenderse sin tomar en cuenta las ideas científicas y los alcances tecnológi- cos. Del mismo modo, la cultura científica de un momento histórico es expresión fiel de los temores, prioridades y esperanzas de su sociedad. El oficio del historia- dor de la Ciencia no consiste, por lo tanto, en ofrecer meras descripciones de las teorías científicas y de las vidas de los científicos, ni en relatar la sucesión de des- cubrimientos, como si estos trazasen un camino lineal, guiado por criterios exclu- sivamente lógicos, que abandona la barbarie para elevarse inexorablemente hacia las cimas del Progreso y la Razón. Por el contrario, el desafío del historiador
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