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A Study of the Pruinose Species of Hypogymnia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China

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A Study of the Pruinose Species of Hypogymnia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259425488 A study of the pruinose species of Hypogymnia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China Article in The Lichenologist · November 2012 DOI: 10.1017/S0024282912000473 CITATIONS READS 3 134 2 authors, including: Xinli Wei Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences 65 PUBLICATIONS 355 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Lichen species composition and distribution in China View project Discovering the possibility of life on Mars View project All content following this page was uploaded by Xinli Wei on 09 June 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. The Lichenologist 44(6): 783–793 (2012) 6 British Lichen Society, 2012 doi:10.1017/S0024282912000473 A study of the pruinose species of Hypogymnia (Parmeliaceae, Ascomycota) from China Xin-Li WEI and Jiang-Chun WEI Abstract: Six pruinose species of Hypogymnia are reported in this paper, including one new species Hypogymnia pruinoidea. The type of Hypogymnia pseudopruinosa was found to be a mixture with H. laccata. Hypogymnia pseudopruinosa is therefore typified with a lectotype, and the description of H. pseudopruinosa is revised. Distributions of the six pruinose species are given and discussed. Com- ments on differences and similarities between pruinose species of Hypogymnia are made. Diagnostic characters of each species, and a key to the pruinose species of Hypogymnia in China, are also provided. Key words: H. pruinoidea, H. pseudopruinosa, lichen substances, pruina Accepted for publication 6 June 2012 Introduction Materials and Methods Although over 100 species of Hypogymnia Specimens treated here are preserved in the Lichen (Nyl.) Nyl. have been reported worldwide, Section of Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae (HMAS-L). A dissecting microscope (ZEISS Stemi SV according to the latest statistics from Index 11), compound microscope (OPTON III), and scanning Fungorum, only five species have pruina on electron microscope (SEM, FEI, Quanta 200) were used the upper surface of the lobes (Wei & Jiang to study morphology. Colour test reagents (10% aqueous 1980; Chen 1994; Wei & Wei 2005). So far, KOH and concentrated alcoholic p-phenylenediamine) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used for the all of these species are endemic to China. detection of lichen substances (Culberson & Kristinsson Thus, during our studies on the taxonomy 1970; Culberson 1972). of Chinese species of Hypogymnia, the prui- nose species group attracted our attention. Taxonomy A new pruinose species collected from Mt. Taibaishan, Shaanxi Province, is described Lichen thalli often have a whitish, flour-like in this paper. The type of Hypogymnia pseudo- surface covering called pruina. It is some- pruinosa X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei (Wei & Wei times treated as a diagnostic character to 2005) was found to be a mixture with H. delimit lichen species (Giralt et al. 2001), laccata J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang, necessitating although in some genera it is considered to the lectotypification of H. pseudopruinosa. be highly variable and unreliable. To date, six pruinose species of Hypogymnia, H. prui- noidea X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei, sp. nov, H. lijiangensis J. B. Chen, H. pruinosa J. C. Wei & Y. M. Jiang, H. pseudopruinosa X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei, H. subfarinacea X. L. Wei & X-L. Wei and J-C. Wei (corresponding author): State J. C. Wei, and H. subpruinosa J. B. Chen, Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China. all endemic to China, have been found and Email: [email protected] reported. 784 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 44 Key to the pruinose species of Hypogymnia in China 1 Soredia present . H. subfarinacea Soredia absent . 2 2(1) Medulla PD+ orange-red, containing physodalic acid in medulla . 3 Medulla PD-- ................................................. 4 3(2) Lobes divergent, with black borders; holes mainly on axils, rarely on lower surface . ...............................................H. lijiangensis Lobes crowded, without black borders; holes on lobe tips. H. subpruinosa 4(2) Pruina layer dense, with a sharp demarcation between pruinose and epruinose regions; containing alectoronic acid in thallus . H. pruinosa Pruina layer thin; lacking alectoronic acid in thallus. 5 5(4) Thallus texture cartilaginous to slightly papery; lobes subdichotomously branched; holes mainly present on lobe tips . H. pseudopruinosa Thallus texture cartilaginous; lobes isodichotomously branched; holes present on lobe tips, axils, and lower surfaces . H. pruinoidea The Species Known distribution. Sichuan, Tibet and Yunnan provinces of China (Fig. 4). Hypogymnia lijiangensis J. B. Chen Selected specimens examined. China: Sichuan: Xiang- Acta Mycologica Sinica 13 (2): 109 (1994); type: China, cheng, Mt. Wumingshan, 1983, J. J. Su, H. A. Wen, Yunnan, Lijiang county, 1981, X. Y. Wang, X. Xiao, B. Li 6036 (HMAS-L). Tibet: Riwoqeˆ county, 1976, J. J. Su 6991 (HMAS—holotype). Y. C. Zong, Y. Z. Liao 256-3 (HMAS-L). Yunnan: Lijiang county, Yulong Snow Mountain, alt. 3060 m, (Figs 1A, 2A, 3A) 1981, X. Y. Wang, X. Xiao, J. J. Su 5124 (HMAS-L); This species is characterized by discrete Shangri-La county, Mt. Tianbaoshan, alt. 3700 m, 1981, X. Y. Wang, X. Xiao, J. J. Su 5189 (HMAS-L). lobes with black borders, pruina limited to lobe tips, and presence of physodalic acid in Hypogymnia pruinoidea X. L. Wei & the thallus. It is similar to H. subfarinacea J. C. Wei sp. nov. X. L. Wei & J. C. Wei and H. subpruinosa J. B. Chen in the location of pruina and MycoBank No.: MB 564892 chemistry, but clearly differs in morphology. Species characterized by isodichotomously branched lobes, Hypogymnia lijiangensis has separated lobes, pruinose lobe tips and upper surface, and abundant per- holes mainly in the axils, lacks soredia on forations present on lobe tips, axils, and lower surface. Type: China, Shaanxi, Mt. Taibaishan, alt. 2800 m, the upper surface, and has a cartilaginous on Abies trunk, 3 August 2005, X. L. Wei 1727 texture; H. subfarinacea has granular soredia (HMAS—holotype). on the upper surface, being easily separated from the other pruinose species of Hypogym- (Figs 1B, 2B, 3B) nia, cartilaginous texture but slightly papery; Thallus foliose, up to 6 cm wide, tex- and H. subpruinosa has crowded lobes with ture cartilaginous, loosely adnate, with flat, holes only on the lobe tips. crowded, mostly isodichotomously branched, Chemistry. Thallus cortex K+ yellow; me- hollow lobes 0Á5–1Á0 mm wide and 0Á5–2Á0 dulla K+ pale reddish brown, PD+ orange- mm long, apices blunt; upper surface greyish red. TLC: atranorin, physodic acid, physo- green, rugose, dull, thinly pruinose or pruina dalic acid, 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, protoce- limited to the lobe tips, with a sharp demar- traric acid. cation between the pruinose and epruinose 2012 Pruinose Hypogymnia species from China—Wei & Wei 785 Fig.1. Hypogymnia species. A, H. lijiangensis (holotype); B, H. pruinoidea (holotype); C, of H. pruinosa (holotype); D, H. pseudopruinosa (lectotype); E, H. subfarinacea (holotype); F, H. subpruinosa (holotype). Scale ¼ 5mmincrements. region; soredia and isidia lacking; lobules Apothecia not seen. present; lower surface black, pale brown at Pycnidia mostly at lobe tips, immersed to lobe tips, rugose, dull, perforations present slightly protruding, black, mostly punctiform, on many lobe tips, axils, and lower surfaces, aggregated; conidia fusiform, simple, 6Á0– the holes not rimmed; medulla hollow, both 7Á5 Â 1Á0 mm. the ceiling and floor of the cavity white to Chemistry. Reagent tests: cortex K+ yellow, pale dirty brown. P-- ; medulla K+ pale reddish brown, KC+ 786 THE LICHENOLOGIST Vol. 44 Fig. 2. Pruina of Hypogymnia species. A, H. lijiangensis (holotype); B, H. pruinoidea (holotype); C, H. pruinosa (holotype); D, H. pseudopruinosa (lectotype); E, H. subfarinacea (holotype); F, H. subpruinosa (holotype). Scale ¼ 5mm increments. pale pink, P-- . All specimens contain atra- province (Fig. 4). The high-elevation moun- norin, physodic and 3-hydroxyphysodic acids, tain habitats are cool and moist, supporting most specimens also contain vittatolic acid. lichen-rich forests, woodlands and subalpine areas. These areas are rich in Hypogymnia Etymology. The epithet ‘pruinoidea’ refers species such as H. arcuata Tchaban. & to the pruinose lobe tips and upper surface McCune, H. austerodes (Nyl.) Ra¨sa¨nen, H. in this species. flavida McCune & Obermayer, H. hypotrypa Habitat, distribution and substratum. Hypo- (Nyl.) Rass., and others. gymnia pruinoidea occurs on bark and wood, Remarks. Morphologically the new species usually of Abies in Mt. Taibaishan, Shaanxi resembles H. pseudopruinosa, but differs in 2012 Pruinose Hypogymnia species from China—Wei & Wei 787 Fig.3.Hypogymnia species, location of holes indicated by arrows. A, H. lijiangensis (holotype); B, H. pruinoidea (holotype); C, H. pruinosa (holotype); D, H. pseudopruinosa (lectotype); E, H. subfarinacea (holotype); F, H. subpruinosa (holotype). Scale ¼ 5 mm. having a thallus with a more cartilaginous differs by perforations sometimes grouped texture, isodichotomously branched lobes, on the lower surface and containing physodic and abundant perforations present on lobe and 3-hydroxyphysodic acids. Hypogymnia tips, axils, and lower surface, whereas H. pruinosa is characterized by perforations main- pseudopruinosa is characterized by a thallus ly at lobe tips, and contains
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