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<I>Hypogymnia Irregularis</I>

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<I>Hypogymnia Irregularis</I> ISSN (print) 0093-4666 © 2011. Mycotaxon, Ltd. ISSN (online) 2154-8889 MYCOTAXON Volume 115, pp. 485–494 January–March 2011 doi: 10.5248/115.485 Hypogymnia irregularis (Ascomycota: Parmeliaceae)— a new species from Asia Bruce McCune Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-2902 U.S.A. Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract — Hypogymnia irregularis is newly described from southwest China, Nepal, Japan, and Taiwan. Similar in growth form to H. vittata, H. irregularis differs in always lacking soredia and having staggered, lateral, or almost randomly located perforations in the lower surface. In contrast, H. vittata usually produces soredia and has perforations more centered in the lower surface and axils. Hypogymnia vittata is known from Asia, North America, Central America, and Europe, while H. irregularis is endemic to Asia. Hypogymnia irregularis is postulated as being the fertile species that is the closest living relative to the sorediate H. vittata. Another Asian species, H. stricta, can be similar in appearance to H. irregularis and H. vittata, but can be differentiated both morphologically and chemically from those two. Key words — Lecanorales, lichenized ascomycetes, lichenized fungi, Yunnan Province Introduction Since the last checklist of lichens in China (Wei 1991), numerous species of Hypogymnia from Asia have been described or revised (Chen 1994, Elix & Jenkins 1989, McCune et al. 2002, McCune & Obermayer 2001, Sinha & Elix 2003, Tchabanenko & McCune 2001, Wei & Bi 1998, Wei & Wei 2005, Wei et al. 2010). But still this center of diversity for Hypogymnia, particularly in southwestern China, holds additional undescribed species. This paper describes a species that can be one of the dominant lichens in the high-mountain Abies forests of southwest China and also occurs in Nepal, Taiwan, and Japan. The species has not previously been described because of its similarity to esorediate H. vittata and the recently resurrected H. stricta (Hillmann) K. Yoshida (Yoshida & Kashiwadani 2001). The new species was, however, keyed in McCune (2009) as “H. sp. undescribed, close to H. vittata.” Methods Standard microscopy and chemical spot test methods were applied to over 600 specimens of H. vittata and closely related species, from throughout its range, including 486 ... McCune 417 specimens of H. vittata s. str. and 149 specimens of the new species described here. A total of 86 specimens belonging to the new species, 20 of H. stricta, and 92 of H. vittata s. str. were subjected to thin-layer chromatography (TLC), using standard methods of Culberson et al. (1981). Fragments of specimens were extracted in acetone at room temperature, spotted on aluminum-backed silica gel plates (Merck 5554/7 Silica gel 60 F254), run in solvent systems A and C of Culberson et al. (1981), lightly brushed with 10% H2SO4, and charred in an oven at 100°C. Taxonomy Hypogymnia irregularis McCune, sp. nov. Figures 1, 2A–D MycoBank MB 519394 Ab Hypogymnia vittata differt sorediis absentibus, ascosporis 5–6 × 4–5 µm; foraminibus infernis irregularibus. type: China: Yunnan Province, Jiaoxi Mountain, north of Kunming, 26.100°N 102.867°E, 3700 m, Abies georgei var. smithii–Rhododendron forest on slopes near hotel, on bark of Abies, Sept. 2000, McCune 25576 (holotype: kun; isotypes: h, hmas-l, osc, ups, us) etymology: irregularis, referring to the irregular arrangement of perforations through the lower surface. Thallus appressed to pendulous, to 10(–30) cm long, branching variable, including both isotomic and anisotomic portions, lateral budding often present; texture cartilaginous rather than papery; upper surface white to pale greenish gray, sometimes with dark mottles, sometimes with black borders, smooth to weakly rugose, epruinose; lobes 0.5–3(–4) mm wide separate to imbricate, often arcuate-recurved, width even to slightly expanding distally and near the nodes, sometimes ± pinched at the nodes; lobe width:height ratio 0.5:1 to 2:1; perforations present on many lobe tips, axils, and lower surfaces, the holes not rimmed; medulla hollow, both the ceiling and floor of the cavity soon darkening to brown or dark brown; soredia and isidia lacking; lateral budding or lobules occasional. Apothecia common, substipitate to stipitate, to 9 mm broad, the receptacle urn or funnel shaped; stipe hollow; disk brown; spores small, subglobose, 5–6 × 4–5 µm; pycnidia common, brown to black; spermatia weakly bifusiform, 5–6 × 0.5–0.7 µm; photobiont chlorococcoid. Chemistry — By TLC the thallus contains atranorin and physodic acid, usually with 3-hydroxyphysodic and/or vittatolic acids (all four substances present in the holotype); cortex K+ yellow; medulla K– or K+ slow reddish brown, KC+ orange-red, P–. Of 86 specimens with TLC results, all had both atranorin and physodic acid, 70% had 3-hydroxyphysodic acid, and 91% had vittatolic acid. No attempt was made to distinguish atranorin from chloroatranorin. Substrate — On bark and wood of both conifers (especially Abies, Picea, Sabina, Pinus, and Tsuga, in order of decreasing frequency) and hardwoods Hypogymnia irregularis sp. nov. (Asia) ... 487 Fig. 1. Hypogymnia irregularis habit and perforations. Arrows indicate examples of dorsal (D), lateral (L), and ventral (V) perforations (McCune 25576, holotype). Dorsal perforations are infrequent, lateral perforations occasional, and ventral perforations common. Scale bar 1 mm. (especially Rhododendron, Quercus, Sorbus, and dwarf bamboo). Distribution — Very common and often locally abundant in southwest China, especially Yunnan and Sichuan Provinces; infrequent disjuncts in India, 488 ... McCune Nepal, and Taiwan. In southwest China, where the species is most abundant, it occurs primarily between 3000 and 4400 m in elevation, in Abies–Rhododendron forests above the zone of hardwood dominance. Brief characterization — Lobes free, short or long, often arcuate-tipped; long, slender, adventitious lobes often abundant; lobes 0.5–4 mm broad and internodes often 1–2 cm long; lobes somewhat pinched and swollen or smooth in profile; ceiling of cavity grayish brown to black; floor brownish black; similar to H. vittata but no soredia and perforations on lower surface irregularly arranged or staggered and partly lateral. Selected specimens examined — CHINA. Sichuan Province: Er Mei Mt., 29.5°N 103.33°E, 2100 m, Tao De Din 1415 (kun); from Ping Wu Co to Jui Zhai Guo, 29.53°N 104°E, 3100 m, Wang Li-song 86-2511a (kun); Xinxing Co.: Gongga Mt, Yen Zi Village, 29.67°N 102°E, 3350 m, Xuan Yu 1378 (kun); Kangding Co. (as Sikang: Kangting (Tachienlu), montes orientalis), Harry Smith, s.n. (UPS); Luding Co.: Gongga Mt, Yen Zi Village, 29.67°N 102°E, 3250 m, Xuan Yu 1377 (kun); Gongga Mt., Hai Luo Gou, 29.833°N 102.33°E, 2450–3000 m, Wang Li-song 96-16111, 96-17030, 96-16295b, 96- 16213 (kun); Gongga Mt, 29.42°N 101.83°E, 3000 m, Wang Li-song 96-17242 (kun); Mi Yi Co., Ma Long Village, Bei Puo Mt., 26.83°N 102°E, 3100–3600 m, Wang Li-song 83-775 , 83-798, 83-829 (kun); Muli Co., E slopes of Ning Lang Mt., 27.83333°N 101.1667°E, 3900 m, Yuan Yu 1845 (kun); Ning-lang village, 27.23°N 100.87°E, 3900 m, Xuan Yu 4268b (kun); from Yi Qu to Wo Ya, 27.83°N 101°E, 2700–3500 m, Wang Li-song 83-2364, 83-2365 (kun); W slope of Ning Lang Mt., 27.83°N 101.17°E, 4000 m, Xuan Yu 1798 (kun); Ya Zhuei forest sta., Jiang Du, 27.83°N 101.33°E, 3450 m, Wang Li-song 83-1580 (kun); Yi Qu, 27.83°N 101°E, 3200–3700 m, Wang Li-song 83-2341, 83- 2400 (kun); Nanping Co., Jiu Zhai Gou, 33°N 103.83°E, 2050–3200 m, Wang Li-song 86-2725,86-2627, 86-2660 (kun); Wenchuan Co.: Wo Long Nature Preserve, 30.9°N 103.1°E, 3200 m, Wang Li-song 96-17683 (kun); Yanyuan Co., Beiling Village, Si Da Unit, 27.5°N 101.5°E, 3500–3800 m, Wang Li-song 83-1435, 83-1464 (kun); Daling Village, Huo Lu Mt., 27.5°N 101.5°E, 3500–4150 m, Wang Li-song 83-1149, 83-1175a, 83-1196, 83-1211, 83-1258, 83-1398 (kun); Xizang (Tibet): Chayu Co.: Cawarong, Song Ta Xue Mt, 28.67°N 97.83°E, 3500 m, Wang Li-song 82-801, 82-805 (kun); Gyala Peri N, W above Gyala Peri-N Glacier, 29.9°N 94.87°E, 3820 m, Miehe, G. & S. 94- 215-42/10 (gzu). Yunnan Province: Caojian Co., Zi ben Mt, 25.737°N 99.058°E, Wang Li-song 00-18901, 00-18910, 00-18913 (kun); Dali Co.: Xiao Lin Feng, 25.717°N 100.13°E, Wang H.-c. 4825b (kun); Long-quan-feng Mt., 25.2°N 100.95°E, Wang Han- che 4364 (kun); top of Long Quan Feng Mt., 25.717°N 100.133°E, Wang H.-C. 1067, 4360 (kun); Yu Jiu Feng, 25.63°N 100.1°E, 3000 m, Sauer 30.154b (kun); trail to Mt. Cang, 25.685°N 100.102°E, 3500 m, McCune 26772, 26775, 26779, 26780, 26787, 26803, 26806, 26795, 26797 (osc); Deqin Co.: Bei Ma Xue Shan, Ya Kou, 28.383°N 99°E, 4300 m, Wang Li-song 93-13489 (kun); Meilishi village, Suola Ya-Kou, 28.63667°N 98.61333°E, 4000–4750 m, Wang Li-song 00-19742, 00-19766 (kun); Mei Li Xue Mt, Xio-Nang Village, 28.4°N 98.75°E, 3400 m, Wang Li-song 94-15041 (kun); Fu Gong Co.: Lu Ma Den Village, Qu Lu Di unit, 27.033°N 98.883°E, 3500 m, Wang Li-song 82-448 (kun); Gong Shan Co., Binzhong Luo to Tong Da Ya Kou, 93.683°N 28.092°E, 3800 m, Wang Li-song 99-18510 (kun); Qinatong, Songtaxue Mt., 28.1883°N 98.5317°E, 3200 m, Wang Li-song 00-19613, 00-19615, 00-19619, 00-19628 (kun); Yen Niu Gu, 27.801°N 98.825°E, 2950 m, Wang Li-song 00-19364, 00-19377 (kun); Binzhong Luo village, 27.96667°N Hypogymnia irregularis sp.
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