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Fossil and Extant Species of the Genus Leptopholcus in the Dominican

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Fossil and Extant Species of the Genus Leptopholcus in the Dominican J ournal of N at ural H ist ory, 20 0 6 ; 4 0 ( 4 1– 4 3 ) : 23 4 1– 23 6 0 Fossil and extant species of the genus Leptopholcus in the ¥ D om inican R epub lic, w ith the fir st cases of egg- par asitism in pholcid spider s ( A r aneae: P holcidae) 1 2 ¦ BERNHARD A. HUBER & J O ¨ RG W UNDERL I C H ¥ £ 1Alexander Koenig Zoological Research Museum, Bonn, Germany, and 2H irschb erg, Germany ¨ § § (Accep t ed 2 O ct ob er 2 0 0 6 ) ¨ © ¦ § ¦ A b str act ¥ Re p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e p h o l c i d s p i d e r g e n u s L ep t op holcus a r e e x t r e m e l y r a r e o n t h e Am e r i c a n ¡ ¤ £ ¢ m a i n l a n d , b u t f a i r l y c o m m o n o n t h e m a j o r C a r i b b e a n i s l a n d s . P r e v i o u s l y , f o u r e x t a n t C a r i b b e a n ¡ s p e c i e s w e r e k n o w n , e a c h o n e e n d e m i c t o o n e o f t h e G r e a t e r An t i l l e s . He r e w e d e s c r i b e t h e f i r s t f o s s i l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e o f t h e g e n u s , L ep t op holcus k isk eya Hu b e r a n d W u n d e r l i c h n . s p ., o r i g i n a t i n g f r o m Do m i n i c a n a m b e r a b o u t 20 m i l l i o n y e a r s o l d . T w o n e w e x t a n t s p e c i e s f r o m t h e Do m i n i c a n Re p u b l i c a r e a l s o d e s c r i b e d , L . t oma Hu b e r n . s p . a n d L . b aoruco Hu b e r n . s p ., a n d n e w r e c o r d s a r e g i v e n f o r t h e w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d L . hisp aniola Hu b e r , 20 0 0 . Eg g - p a r a s i t i s m b y a w a s p o f t h e g e n u s Baeus Ha l i d a y ( S c e l i o n i d a e , Ba e i n i ) i s d o c u m e n t e d f o r L . b aoruco a n d L . hisp aniola. T h e s e a r e t h e f i r s t r e c o r d s o f e g g - p a r a s i t i s m i n P h o l c i d a e , a n d t h e f i r s t Ne o t r o p i c a l Baeus s p e c i e s t o p a r a s i t i z e s p i d e r s o t h e r t h a n Ar a n e i d a e a n d T h e r i d i i d a e . K ey w or ds: Ba e u s , D ominican amb er, egg- p arasit ism, f ossil, genit alia, L e p t o p h o l c u s , Miocene, P holcidae, S celionidae I ntr oduction T h e g e n u s L ep t op holcus h a s a n i n t e r e s t i n g g e o g r a p h i c d i s t r i b u t i o n : i t i s w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d i n t h e O l d W o r l d t r o p i c s , b u t i n t h e Ne w W o r l d i t i s l a r g e l y r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e G r e a t e r An t i l l e s . O n l y r e c e n t l y , L ep t op holcus w a s a l s o r e c o r d e d f r o m t h e Ne w W o r l d m a i n l a n d ( Hu b e r e t a l . 20 0 5 ) , b u t i n c o n t r a s t t o t h e G r e a t e r An t i l l e s , w h e r e L ep t op holcus i s w i d e l y d i s t r i b u t e d i n h u m i d f o r e s t s a n d h a s b e e n f r e q u e n t l y c o l l e c t e d o n e a c h i s l a n d , t h e t h r e e S o u t h Am e r i c a n s p e c i e s a r e r a r e r e l i c t s i n l o w p r e c i p i t a t i o n a r e a s . S i n c e t h e u s u a l h a b i t a t o f L ep t op holcus ( u n d e r s i d e o f l a r g e l i v e l e a v e s ) i s i n S o u t h a n d C e n t r a l Am e r i c a o c c u p i e d b y r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s o f t h e p h o l c i d g e n u s Met agonia, i t h a s b e e n s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h i s p e c u l i a r b i o g e o g r a p h y i s t h e r e s u l t o f c o m p e t i t i v e e x c l u s i o n ( Hu b e r e t a l . 20 0 5 ) . I n a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h i s i d e a , Met agonia i s l a r g e l y a b s e n t f r o m t h e G r e a t e r An t i l l e s , w h e r e i t i s r e p r e s e n t e d b y a s i n g l e t r o g l o m o r p h i c s p e c i e s k n o w n f r o m a C u b a n c a v e ( P e´ r e z G o n z a´ l e z a n d Hu b e r 19 9 9 ) . C o r r e s p o n d e n c e : Be r n h a r d A. Hu b e r , Al e x a n d e r K o e n i g Z o o l o g i c a l Re s e a r c h M u s e u m , Ad e n a u e r a l l e e 16 0 , 5 3 113 Bo n n , G e r m a n y .
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