130 PROCEEDING E SOCIETYTH F O S , 1954-56.

XII.

THE CARRE HERALDIC PANEL.

BY THE REV. T. D. S. BAYLEY, M.A., F.S.A., AND FRANCIS W. STEER, F.S.A.

In their paper on "Painted Heraldic Panels" in Ant. J., xxxv (1955), 68—87 presene th , t writers considere distinctione dth drawe b o st n between the lozenge-shaped and usually anonymous hatchment (normally a large framed canvas) and the less common framed panel of wood (normally a relatively small rectangle), usually painted wit epitaphn a arme d th san o ht person commemorated. They traced, after protracted research develope ,th - men thesf o t e painted heraldic panels fro funerae mth l escutcheon earlief o s r date, their affinity with similar panels on the Continent, and their eventual use as the survival of "pieces of honour" formerly used at noblemen's funerals. Other writers appear to have confused the panel with the hatch- ment. Fro correspondence mth have ew e received from antiquaries having a special knowledg f funeraeo l custom heraldryd an s s cleai t i r, thae th t conclusion reachee sw d have been widely accepted. Over fifty examples of painted heraldic panels in England were described in Aid. exhaustivn a J.;t no s thi et includeswa i listt bu , mans da y types sa possibl illustrato et e developmeneth thif o t s particular branc f heraldiho c art as it affected all degrees of society. When our paper was well advanced, our attention was drawn to the Carre panel, now in the National Museum of Antiquitie f Scotland o ss funera it f O l. significanc were w e e convinced, thoughe w t t advisabli bu t consulo et Lore th t d Lyori Kin Armf go s whoo ,t our surprise, held a contrary opinion. He wrote: 1

"Panels such as the Carre one are bright and cheerful things and would be more related to a marriage panel, though they might -well be commissioned simpl decoratioa s ya baroniaa r nfo l hall eithe somn ri e gable end r oveo , r a fireplace."

We therefore were content 'with a brief reference 2 to the existence of this panel lest we should be guilty of a lack of respect for the judgment of Sir Thomas Innes of Learney. We have now completed an investigation, and are abl provo et e tha dismissee tw mera n di e footnote wha probabls i t e yth finest surviving example in England or Scotland of the panels we were discussing. 1 Letter dated 20th August 1954. 2 Ant. J., . 86p , n. 2 . THE CARRE HERALDIC PANEL. 131

DESCRIPTIOA CARRE TH P ENO PANEL . The overall dimensions of the panel (PI. XXXII), which is of oval shape, are 71^ ins. from top to bottom, and 56^ ins. across the widest part; within the frame, the corresponding measurements are 63f ins. and 49f ins. The panel is made up of seven boards of uneven width and about f in. thick. centr e panee th Th f occupiees o li ovan a blacf y lo d b k upon whic paintes hi d a splendidly designed achievement of arms: Guleschevrona on argent three mullets field, withinthe all of bordera cheguyof the secondd firstan (for Carr f Cavers)eo , impaling, Quarterly , Azure4 d an 1 , a garb or, in chief two mullets argent, and a crescent at the fess point (for Wauchop); crossa r O , engrailed3 d an 2 sable (for Rait f Edmonston)ho . The shiel s surmountedi n esquire'a y b d s helme whicn o ta tors s hi e argent and gules, bearing a crest, A stag's head erased proper, with ten tines or. Above is a scroll with a motto, Tout Droit. The shield is suspended by a guige which is partly obscured by the lower portion of the helmet, which latter is set, like the shield, against a lambrequin of uncommon beauty and skilfu silverld paintinan d . re n gi Belo e shielw th decorativa s di e cartouche painted golflanked dan y db military accoutrements which include lances, pennons, a cannon and a cuirass—incongruous addition memoriae th o s t female a cartouche f lo Th . e is inscribed: THE ATCHEVMENT OF-1 JOHN CARRE F CAVER O S LADY; HI & S- MARGREAT, WAUCHOP, IMPAILD, THERW- -ITH & Y! 8, BRAINCHESS BELONGING TO EAC F THEHO R FAMILES- •1709-

Aroun e panel e edgth dth f eo , upo nbackgrouna d less dark thae nth black centre oval, are painted sixteen shields each with a scroll bearing the name of the family to which it is attributed. Commencing at the head on the dexter side they are: . Carr1 Cavers,f eo aboves 2a . . Sable2 three boars' heads coupedr Forresfo , or f Fingask o t . 3. Argent a chevron gules between three ears of rye proper, slipped vert, for Riddel thaf o l t Ilk. 4. Argent three torteaux, two and one, for Morton of Cambo. 5. Gules on a chevron argent three mullets of the field, for Lord Jedburgh. This shiel surmountes di baron'a y db s coronet. 6. Azure on a fess argent three martlets sable, for Rutherford of Hundaly. 1 A debased form of " German Text" has been used for these first three words. 2 The surnames and territories are spelt as on the panel throughout this description. 132 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1954-56. 7. Or on a bend azure an estoile of six points between two crescents of the field, for the Duke of Buccleuch. This shield is surmounted by a duke's coronet. liona 8 .r QuarterlyO rampant, 4 d an 1 ,gules within doublea tressure, flory, counterflory, of the last, the royal arms of Scotland; 2, Or a . fess chequy azure and argent, in chief a label of three points gules, for Stewart , Argent3 ; saltirea between four roses gules, Macfarlaner fo ; all within a border company argent and azure. For Lord Ochiltree. This shield is surmounted by a baron's coronet. On the sinister side, commencing at the top, they are: 9. Wauchop quartering Raith of Edmonston, as above, for Wauchop of Edmonston. . Guleschevrona 10 n o argent between three cinquefoils pierced ermine,s a many round buckles azure, r Hamiltofo f Redhouseno . 11. Quarterly, 1 and 4, Per fess azure and or, in chief an imperial crown, basen i thistle,a both proper, augmentationr fo , Quarterly3 d an 2 ; , , Argent4 d benda an 1 azure, r Sandilands fo , Argent3 d a an 2 ; human heart gules ensigned with an imperial crown or, on a chief azure three mullets of the field, for Douglas. For Lord Torphichen. This shield is surmounted by a baron's coronet. . Argent a bend12 n o azure between o unicorns'tw heads erased sable, three cross crosslets fitchee of the field, for Dennison of Redhall. . Rait13 Edmonstonf ho aboves a , . 14. Argent three escutcheons gules within a border of the last semee of cinquefoils of the first, for Hay of Monkton. . Argent15 three otters' heads erased gules, r Fullartofo thaf no t Ilk. . Argent16 three falcons' heads erased gules, r Nicolsofo f Laswadeno . t musI repeatee b t d tha arme th t s described attribution e aboveth d an , s assigne thes themo da t ye ar appea,panele th n o r; minor differences will be detected if the arms are checked against those given for these families standarn i d work referencef so t sucbu , h difference outside ar s scope eth f eo this paper. It may be noted that there has been very little modern repaint- bees ingsucd ha ns an , h a don mainls ei y confine touching-uo dt p with white where necessary. e mouldeTh d frame containin e pane gth s been ha lo somt , e extent, renewe modern di n time spaintes whewa t ni d red doubo n , accorn i t d with Lore th d Lyon' spurpose vie th panee f wth o notef s ea o l d above, although innee th r edge (i.e. that facin panele gth renderes )i matco dt outee hth r oval backgroun whicn do sixteee hth n subsidiary shield placede originae sar Th . l backin panee th f go l (PI. XXXII) consist fouf so r boards, each 12 ins. wide and 1-j in. thick. At suitable points on the panela can be seen four holes which 1 At each side of the motto, and at the edges of the panel near the arms of the Duke of Buccleuch and of Fullarton on the dexter and sinister sides respectively. Proc. Soc. Ant. Scot.] [VOL. LXXXVIII.

PEDIGREE "A'

THOMAS CARRE = JOHR dauSI f No . FORRES= T = dau. of MORTON SIR THOMAS CARRE = dau f SCOTTo . , RUTHERFORD= OF CAVERS RIDDELL OF THAT ILK OF FINGASK FERNIHERSF O CAMBF O O T DUKE OF BUCCLEUCH1 HUNDALF O Y dau f LORo . D OCHILTREE SHIELD 3 SHIELD 2 SHIELD 4 SHIELD 7 SHIELD6 SHIELD 8

1 1 GEORGE CARRE == dau. of FORREST LORD JEDBURGH == dau. of RUTHERFORD OF CAVERS OF FINGASK OF HUNDALY SHIELD 5

1 JOHN CARRE OF = [JEAN] KER WEST NISBET, BROTHER SI O RT THOMAS CARRE OF CAVERS

•AGNES, dau. of = JOHN CARRE OF = MARGARET, SIR ANDREW CAVERS dau. of JOHN CARRE OF WAUCHOP OF CAVERS SHIELD 1 EDMONSTON 1st wife

PEDIGREE "B"

WAUCHOP == dau. of SANDILANDS, HAMILTON == dau. of DENNISON RAITH OF == dau f F FULLARTOo .O = Y HA N = dau. of NICOLSON LORD TORPHICHEN (}F REDHOUSE F REDHALO L EDMONSTON THAF O K TIL MONKTON OF LASWADE SHIEL1 D1 SHIELD 10 SHIELD 12 SHIELD 13 SHIELD 15 SHIELD 14 SHIELD 16

* 1 WAUCHO dau= f F HAMILTOo .O I > N RAITH OF | EDMONS F REDHOUSO 'EON E EDMONSTON = dau. of | HAY SHIELD 9 JOHN,WAUCHO Pdau= RAIT f .o H OF EDMONSTON

MARGARE JOHT= N CARRE WAUCHO CAVERF O P S NOTE.—The spelling of all the names is in accordance with the panel; modern usage or the forms employed in the manuscript in the Lyon 'Office would tend to confuse the reader.

erron A r here Dukedoe t createth ; no s mdwa iint.il 20th April 1663 Sid ran , Thomas die descene 1586n di Th . t should be: 1 Sir Thomas Kerr of Fernihirst, d. 30 March 1586 = Janet, dau. and heir of Sir William Kirkaldy of Grange, co. Fife t wife1s , .

Andre wheird Kerran . n Createso , d Lord Jedburgh = Anne t dau 1s ,Andref o . w Stewart, Maste f Ochiltreeo r , ! Feb. 1621/2; d. after 20 April 1633. I by Margaret, dau. of Henry Stewart, 1st Lord Metbven, wifet 1s . | /\ Completee . G.,E Se Th . eG Peerage, vii (1929). 81 ,

. BAYLES . FRANCID D . YAN T S W. STEER. [To face p. 133. E CAERTH E HERALDI3 13 C PANEL. e roug ar d apparentlan h y contemporary. These holes, which wile b l referre o latert d , pass also throug backinge e fronthth th n , O eac. s hi surrounded by a circular mark on the painted surface, caused no doubt by heade th boltf so s which hel panee dth positionn i l . CARBE-WATJCHOE E PROOTH TH P O F P DESCENT. Before givin Carre reasony th g an definitely e b pane swh y ma l y associ- ated with a funeral ceremony, it will be as well to examine the evidence for inclusioe th thosf no e arms, numbere abovepanee 6 1 th n o lt o ,itself d1 . This evidence is readily accessible among the manuscripts in the Court of the Lord Lyon, where volume 13 1—a small folio containing 130 Funeral Escutcheons, 1697—1718—includes a pedigree which can be reduced to simple terms (see folder). Such is the illustrious descent claimed for John Carre of Cavers, but comparison of the record in the Court of the Lord Lyon with the more authentic records quote . y GrCokaynE db . d othersan e , shows thae th t former is erroneous in many respects. Margaret Wauchop's ancestry may be similarly tabulated (see folder).

THE FUNERAL OF MARGARET WAUCHOP. manuscripe Th t from whic foregoine hth g descents have been compiled also furnishes the information that Margaret Wauchop, who married John Carre of Cavers, died at Edinburgh on 31st January 1709, and that her remains were transported to her own burial-place in Nesbit Chapel, having been carried to Lauder on 3rd February and interred the next day. t wilI seee b l n tha datee th t , 1709, corresponds wit panehe th tha n lo t itself, and that the arms fit exactly with those which would be required to depict, by means of heraldry, the descents of John Carre and his wife. That Margaret Wauchop's remains were interre Nesbivaule e th th n dn ti i t Chapes li confirme n inscriptioa y b a find n e o n ledger stone whic s i extanh t (PI. XXXIII): HERE LYES A VERTEOUS LADY MARGARET WAUCHOPE LADY CAVERS THIRD LAWFUL DAUGHTE OF IOHN WAUCHOPE OF EDMON STON SECOND WIF IOHO T E N CARR F CAVERO E E ONLTH S Y LAWFUF IOHO NN CARRLSO F O E WESTNISBI E DIEE 30tSH TDhTH DAY OF IANUARY 17092 ^ETATI8 3 S

describeo S e Indexth Genealogies,o n dt i Birthbriefs Funerald an Escutcheons recorded Lyone th n i 1 Office (S.R.S., Edinburgh, 1908). 2 Note discrepancy in the date; the record in the Lyon Office gives 31st January 1709. 134 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1954-56.

This memorial, enriched wit e armh th f Carr o s e impaling Wauchod pan Raith quarterly, ensigned wit e motto hth flanke d an , d wit e initialshth , t Mmentione no W s i e ,Sixth th n i d Report d Inventoryan f Monumentso and Constructions in the County of Berwick (1915), although it is noticed in B. C. Nesbitt, Nisbet of that Ilk (1941), 114. It is significant that no means of suspending the panel are provided other than through the four holes referred to above. The writers have not found comparably an e example, although iron rings were sometimes fasteneo t d the frame as may be seen at Tilty, Essex.1 Very tentatively, it may be suggested tha e Carrth t e pane fastenes e journehearse wa lth th r o dt efo y from Edinburg Nesbito ht thad e inscriptioan th ,t evey nma n have been added subsequen funerae th pane e t prioo th t t bu lo lt r being placee th n di chapel. It might also be suggested that so large and artistic a composition could hardly have been produced between the date of Margaret's death (30/31st January) and the date when the funeral procession left Edinburgh (3rd February). But it is easy to underestimate the capacity of a herald painte welemergencyy n a lma n staf ra i hav e goof d h o f ed ha d an ,craftsme n unhampere trady db e union accotine hour th rulesd n san I .t renderey db George Porteou r HugSi so h t 2 Paterso r furnishinnfo e funeras th ghi f o l "daughter-in-law, Barbars "Mr a Ruthvenburie s t NiniansS wa t do a wh ,, 20th July 1695, there is a long series of items. In addition to "guilding and paintin Lozane gan g arm.es impailled' e 'Branche'8 th lozane d th an 'f o sg armes," some thirty other escutcheons occur. Moreover, there is an item for "blakin lozan e fraie th g th f mo g armes; " 3 even though these achieve- ments were painte "fynn do e glaised Caligo" they would have involved many hours of work.4 There is, of course, the possibility that the panel was prepared some time e funerath f f eitheo o l y advancn rda i Johe th r r ultimatn o en fo o e eus Margaret Carre. When that day arrived, only the year of death would insertede havb o et panee suitabls th ; wa l either efo husbane th re th r do wife, although one would have expected that a lady would have had her arms on a lozenge and that the general design would have been less military in conception. But as we have stated above, there is not the slightest reason to suppose that the painting was done at any time other than on the decease of Margaret Carre but, alternatively havy ema t bee,i n completed very shortly after her funeral, and secured by a somewhat unusual method in the Nesbit

1 Ant. J., pi. xix (6); the ring is not, however, shown in the illustration. 2 P.S.A.S., II (1859), 233-5. littl e Therh en doubeca t tha Carre frame th th t f eo e pane alss owa l originally black r blaco , k relievea d with gold; it is singularly unfortunate that a red frame should have been introduced at the panel'e timth f eo s restoration (se . 132)ep . Lore Th d Lyon's paper "Processional Rola Scottis f o l h Armorial Funeral, state havo dt e been 4 used for the Obsequies of George, 1st Marquess of Huntly, 1636," in P.S.A.S., LXXVII, 154-73, provides much information about funeral procedure and the elaborate preparations which were necessary. The provision of "branches of the defunct" should be noted. THE CARRE HERALDIC PANEL. 135

chapel as a temporary memorial. In Ant. J., the writers observed how rarely a permanent memorial occurs in conjunction with a panel; the only instances know paintee th theo nt e mdar heraldic panel permanend san t memorials to Mary Barnston, 1645, in Salisbury Cathedral, and to William Keeling, 1619 [recte 1620], in Carisbrooke Church, Isle of Wight. 1

THE LATER HISTOR CARRE TH F EYO PANEL.

In his admirable book, Nisbet of that Ilk, Mr Robert Chancellor Nesbitt tells how the panel2 was exhibited to the Berwickshire Naturalists' Club •when it visited Nisbet House in September 1892, that the panel subsequently e discoveredisappearedh w ho t i d "i na dilapidatean , d conditiod an n broken in several pieces, in a neighbouring village." The Herald Painter to the Court of the Lord Lyon was responsible for the restoration and re- polishin panee th f go l which was 1936n i , , place loan d o n Queeni n Mary's . House, Jedburgh, from whence it was transferred to the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland.

A FURTHER CONSIDERATION.

Having satisfied themselves as to the origin and purpose of the Carre panel, the writers endeavoured to find confirmation either of their views or of those expresse Lore th dy letteds b Lyo hi n rni referre aboveo dt a n I . pamphlet publishe 193n di 7 whe t Jedburghpanee a ns th lwa Lore th , d Lyon, then Albany Herald, is quoted as follows: 3

"This Panel—it woul incorrece db describo t thatchmenta s a t ei , though s arrangemenit s similai t thao t rofte o s t n foun hatchments—in i d - ex f o s ceptional historic and artistic as well as of technical heraldic interest. It shows the decorative and genealogical capabilities of heraldry and forms a link between Scottish heraldic executio thad widelo nan s t y practised upoe nth Continent."

strangs i t I e tha panele t admittetth 1,954no sam n e i ,s th ewa ,y d b authorit y evee b no t remotely associated wit hfuneraa l ceremony. indees Thawa t dti connecte s beedha n proved thad t an i "form,t lina s k between Scottish heraldic execution and that so widely practised upon the Continent" is capable of being shown.

1 Ant. J., Mariner'se piTh . xxid an , Mirror, 1956. 2 Illustrate colourn di , opp . 117p . .

Also give Nesbitt,n i cit.,. op 117-8. 3 136 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY, 1954-56.

CONTINENTAL INFLUENCE. This aspect has been discussed at length in Ant. J.,1 but since the appear- ance of that paper, Miss C. V. Wedgwood's book, The King's Peace, 1637— 1641, has been published, and in it she refers to the fact that some thirty thousand Scots, engaged upon Baltic trade, wer t thaa e t time livinn gi German and Polish ports. It needs but little imagination to see how continental customs were introduced to Scotland by this channel in precisely the same way as customs were brought from the Low Countries to East Anglia.2

Acknowledgments.—We wish to thank Mr Stuart Maxwell, M.A., F.S.A.Scot., Assistant Keeper in the National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland mucr fo , h helkind pan d encouragement during this inquiry; also Mr B. M. Nesbitt, the present owner of the panel, for permission for it to be photographed.

. 74-761Pp , 85-86 alse se o; pi. xxli illustratin panee gth l commemorating Maria Goethals (died 1656) t Alosta , , Belgium ,lozengr whiche s armf heha o s surrounde thirty-twy db o named shields. 2 The intercourse between Norwich and the Low Countries .is considered in the Introduction to Transcript of Three Registers of Passengers from Great Yarmouth to Holland and New England, 1637-1639, . JewsoB . C ny b (Norfolk Becord Society, xxv, 1954).