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Vascular Flora of the Tocantins River Middle Basin, Brazil

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Vascular Flora of the Tocantins River Middle Basin, Brazil Check List 8(5): 852–885, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Vascular Flora of the Tocantins River Middle Basin, Brazil PECIES S Marcelo Brilhante de Medeiros 1*, Bruno Machado Teles Walter 1, Glocimar Pereira da Silva 1, Beatriz OF Machado Gomes 1, Isabela Lustz Portela Lima 1, Suelma Ribeiro Silva 2, Pamela Moser 1, Washington 1 1 ISTS and Taciana Barbosa Cavalcanti L Luís Oliveira 1 Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Herbário. Av. W5 Norte (final), Parque Estação Biológica, s/nº. CEP 70770-917. Brasília, DF, Brazil. * 2 CorrInstitutoesponding Chico Mendesauthor: Email:de Conservação [email protected] da Biodiversidade. Centro Nacional de Pesquisas e Conservação da Biodiversidade do Cerrado e Caatinga. EQSW 103/104, Bloco C. Sudoeste. CEP 70670-350. Brasília, DF, Brazil. Abstract: This study provides a checklist of the phanerogams and pteridophytes of the Tocantins river middle basin, in northern Goiás state and southern Tocantins state, Brazil. Herbarium samples were collected from 2000 to 2009 and this (116), Asteraceae (88), Euphorbiaceae (65), Orchidaceae (58) and Malpighiaceae (56). Furthermore, 14 endangered speciesfloristic andsurvey 31 rarerecorded species 1572 were species recorded, from mainly 135 families. associated The with most the species-rich campos rupestres families in were the VeadeirosFabaceae (217),Plateau Poaceae region. cerrado stricto sensu, campo rupestre mata de galeria mata ciliar The flora mainly from the phytophyisiognomies Anadenanthera (“rocky fields”), colubrina (Vell.) Brenan (popular(“gallery forest”),name angico ), Aspidosperma (“riverine subincanum forest”) and Mart. semi-deciduous ex A. DC. (guatambú seasonal forest), Astronium comprised fraxinifolium typical species Schott ofex the Spreng. mid- (westerngonçalo-alves Cerrado), Callisthene floristic province, fasciculata such Mart. as the (pau-jacaré most widely), Dipteryx known alata woody Vogel plants (barú ), Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (mutamba) and Magonia pubescens A. St.-Hil. (tingui central Brazil. ). This study is the first to record a wide floristic list of this important region of Introduction The data from mapping the vegetation cover of the The Cerrado biome covers about two million square Brazilian biomes (MMA 2008a) reported at least 38.98% kilometers or 21% of the Brazilian territory, located of human disturbed areas and 60.42% of unaltered between the 5° to 20° S and 45° to 60° W (Ribeiro native vegetation remnants in the Cerrado biome, mostly and Walter 2008). Most of this biome is located in the in the north-northeastern province (Ratter et al. 2003, Central Plateau and its vegetation consists of a mosaic Bridgewater et al. 2004), whereas the other provinces, with herbaceous, savanna and forest formations. These such as the central-western, showed the highest rates of formations are limited by climate, physical and chemical deforestation. activities such as cattle-raising and deforestation for of the Tocantins river middle basin in order to extend the agricultureproperties of (Eiten soils, 1972, fire, water Ribeiro table and depth Walter and 2008). also human informationThe aim ofon this the studylocal vegetationwas to record of this the regionvascular and flora on Among the vegetation phytophysiognomies of the the Cerrado Cerrado biome the cerrado stricto sensu is the dominant type and occurs mostly on Latosols in the highlands, as flora overall. well as on rocky and lateritic soils. The composition and with in few studies. Floristic differences are expected in thesestructure shallow of flora soils on regarding this latter the kindselective of soil forces is still acting dealt on 2007). vegetationThe Tocantins development river inbasin, these habitatsin northern (Felfili Goiás and Faggand southern Tocantins, comprises a few remnants of unaltered to the Latosols, Cambisols, Lithosols and Argisols, besides somenative lateritic vegetation soils (MMA (SEPLAN 2008a) 2008, with SIEG floristic 2010). types This related region is located in the mid-western Cerrado province, as detailed in the biogeographic studies of Ratter et al. (2003) and Bridgewater et al. (2004). It consists of a higher abundance of typical species, mostly on mesotrophic soils. Furthermore, there are some vegetation communities associated with the sandy and rocky soils in the highlands of Veadeiros Plateau at altitudes ranging from 700 to 1,600 Figure 1. Study area and sample sites in the municipalities of the states m (SIEG 2010). of Goiás (GO) and Tocantins (TO), Brazil. 852 Medeiros et al. | Vascular Flora of the Tocantins River Middle Basin, Brazil Materials and Methods out on about 30 expeditions from 2000 to 2009, related Study Site to projects of rescue of plant germplasm of Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia (Cenargen) that aimed The study site included the municipalities of Minaçu and observed in reproductive phase were collected, pressed, 1).Cavalcante, located in the state of Goiás, and Palmeirópolis, driedto characterize and subsequently the local incorporated flora. All vascular into the specimens Embrapa ParanãThe andclimate São isSalvador, the Aw type,in the in state accordance of Tocantins with Köppen(Figure Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia herbarium (CEN Herbarium), in accordance with the usual methodology winters and wet summers. The annual rainfall is from (Mori et al. 1985). 1,400classification, to 1,600 mmwhich and means the average tropical annual humid temperature with dry is between 23 and 25°C (Silva et al. 2008). The region is located in the Cerrado biome with The identification of species took place at the remnants of forests, savannas and herbaceous formations. IBGEherbariums (Brazilian CEN, Institute UB (University of Geography of Brasília and Herbarium), Statistics The forest vegetation comprises (sensu Ribeiro and Walter HEPH (Botanic Garden of Brasília Herbarium) and 2008) the seasonal or dry forests, cerradão (“xeromorphic matas ciliares matas de Herbarium), using literature and identification by family galeria andspecialists. Chase Theand floristicReveal (2009)survey forfollows ferns. the The Angiosperm names of physiognomiesforest”), located (“riverineon the banks forests”) of theand Tocantins Phylogeny Group III (APG III 2009) for flowering plants river and (“gallery around forests”) seasonal (Figure or permanent 2), with the streams latter twoand Forzza et al. (2010, 2012). natural drainage routes. The savanna vegetation, the most flowering plants and ferns follow the criteria adopted by widespread in area, includes the cerrado stricto sensu Results and Discussion as the dominant type (Figure 3) and small veredas. The A total of 1572 species from 135 families were herbaceous vegetation is characterized by the campos rupestres , campos sujos species-rich families were Fabaceae (217), Poaceae and campos limpos (116),recorded Asteraceae (Table 1)(88), indicating Euphorbiaceae a rich (65),flora. Orchidaceae The most (“rocky fields”) (“dense fields”) (58) and Malpighiaceae (56). These families are highly Data Collection (“open fields”). representative in the Cerrado biome ( et al. ‘walk-through’ 2008, Forzza et al. 2010). Another 55 families reported method (Filgueiras et al. 1994). The study was carried only one or two species. Mendonça The floristic survey used randomly the Figure 2. Matas ciliares (“riverine forests”) in Tocantins river middle basin located in the municipality of São Salvador do Tocantins (TO), Brazil. Figure 3. Cerrado stricto sensu in Tocantins river middle basin located in the municipality of São Salvador do Tocantins (TO), Brazil. 853 Medeiros et al. | Vascular Flora of the Tocantins River Middle Basin, Brazil The richness observed was related to a wide range of area, according to Giulietti et al. (2009): Angelonia collections within different habitats and their vegetation pratensis Gardner ex Benth., Bulbostylis loefgrenii (Boeck.) communities, which characterize an element of the Cambessedesia glaziovii Cogn. ex regional diversity. After studying the woody vegetation A.B. Martins, Cuphea potamophila T. Cavalcanti and S. of the Cerrado biome, Ratter et al. (2003) recorded alfa Graham,Prata and Diplusodon M.G. López, appendiculosus Lourteig, D. argenteus diversity values of up to 100 species in an analysis of 376 Lourteig, D. decussatus Gardner, D. heringeri Lourteig, D. different study sites. These authors pointed out that the leucocalycinus Lourteig, D. longipes Koehne, D. petiolatus Tocantins river basin is one of the hotspots for woody (Koehne) T. Cavalcanti, D. retroimbricatus Koehne, D. diversity in the Cerrado lato sensu. Among the 951 woody sigillatus Lourteig, D. sordidus Koehne, Gomphrena species recorded in 376 sites by Ratter et al. (2003) and serturneroides Suess., Hypenia aristulata (Epling) Harley, Bridgewater et al. (2004), more than half were located in Hyptis imbricatiformis Harley, Ichthyothere connata S.F. only one Cerrado province, with few species widespread in Blake, Lippia gardneriana Schauer, L. grandiflora Mart. all other provinces. Mimosa oligosperma Barneby, M. pycnocoma Benth., Ecological differences characterize the species list in Paspalum niquelandiae Filg., P. vallsii R.C. Oliveira and G.H. each Cerrado et al. (2003). For Rua, Piriqueta lourteigiae Arbo, Pterandra hatschbachii instance, there is a general trend toward higher species W.R. Anderson, Polygala marquesiana J.F.B. Pastore abundance associated province withdefined mesotrophic
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