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Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Backyard Duck Production Systems in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: a Study in Laksam Upazila, Comilla

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Cost-Benefit Analysis of the Backyard Duck Production Systems in the Rural Areas of Bangladesh: a Study in Laksam Upazila, Comilla Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Vol. 8, No. 2, July - December 2020 Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences pISSN 2227-6416 Journal homepage: www.bjvas.com eISSN 2709-2542 Research article Cost-benefit analysis of the backyard duck production systems in the rural areas of Bangladesh: A study in Laksam upazila, Comilla Nahidul Islam1, Md. Abul Hossain1, Nasima Akter1, Omar Faruk Miazi2, Nahid Sultan3, Shilpi Islam4 and Md. Emran Hossain3* 1Department of Dairy and Poultry Science, 2Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, 3Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Zakir Hossain Road, Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh. 4Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh. A R T I C L E I N F O A B S T R A C T The study was conducted to explore the present status, production practices and Article history: cost-benefit analysis of the existing backyard duck rearing systems in the rural Received: 11/09/2020 areas of Comilla district, Bangladesh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted Accepted: 30/12/2020 using simple random sampling technique and data were collected directly from the duck farmers through face to face interview using a structured questionnaire th th during 13 October to the 12 December 2019 from 4 villages under Laksam Keywords: upazila of Comilla district. Socio-economic status of the duck farmers, feeding Feeding practices, systems of ducks, availability of feeds for raising ducks, productive performance household duck, of scavenging ducks and cost-benefit analysis of raising ducks were evaluated. profitability, scavenging Results indicated that the most of the duck farmers (56%) were middle aged (25- systems 50 years). About 66.0% of them had only primary education. Majority of them (56%) were landless. Only 18.0% of them owned large duck flocks (75-200). The ducks attained sexual maturity at the age of 6.0 months and produced on an *Corresponding author: average 110 eggs per year. Egg production reached the peak during the winter Cell: +88-01720693066 season specially after crop-harvest. Approximately, 10% of the respondents did Email: not spend any money for supplementary feeding. The mortality rate was 19% [email protected] which reached the peak during the winter season (27%). The ducks were vaccinated mostly against duck plague. Around 80% of the households sold eggs to the local market and 20% to the wholesalers and other local dealers. On average, total gross expenditure and annual income per duck were 453.0 and 1450.0 BDT, respectively. It was concluded that the knowledge of the duck farmers related to the housing, feeding, breeding, prevention and control of duck diseases was not satisfactory. Introduction of improved duck breeds, training of the duck farmers, easy access of vaccination, financial and technical supports to the farmers could boost up the productivity of the rural ducks. To cite this paper: N. Islam, M. A. Hossain, N. Akter, O. F. Miazi, N. Sultan, S. Islam and M. E. Hossain, 2020. Cost-benefit analysis of the backyard duck production systems in the rural areas of Bangladesh: A study in Laksam upazila, Comilla. Bangladesh Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 8(2):157-164. 1. INTRODUCTION important and potential sources of egg and meat in the rural areas of Bangladesh (Hoque et al., Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting in 2010) which can address the above issues. Bangladesh are among the highest in the world, Rearing of chicken, and duck or both is practiced with 36% of the children stunted (NIPORT, in Bangladesh. There are different types of duck 2015), almost 50% of people being anemic and rearing systems which can be classified as house over 40% anemia prevalence among nonpregnant hold (scavenging), semi-intensive (semi- women (NIPORT, 2013). Duck is oneof the most scavenging) and intensive duck farming (Khan et 157 Islam et al. BJVAS, Vol. 8, No. 2, July – December 2020 al., 2013). Household duck farming or rural households through duck rearing and the scavenging system of raising ducks provides no constraints of duck production in the lowland feed to the duck while semi-scavenging system areas of Laksam. provides little amount (20-30 g) of supplementary feed (Latif et al., 1993; Rahman 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS et al., 2014; Begum et al., 2018). However, at least the first two duck rearing systems are Study area greatly influenced by the presence of large water body like bog, marshy and wet land. The A 60-day long cross-sectional survey was intensive farming of duck is less and mostly carried out on household duck rearing system in operated by the government to facilitate the small the 4 selected villages of Laksam upazila under Comilla district during 13th October to scale farmer (Hoque et al., 2011). The household th duck scavenges in the nearby large water bodies 12 December 2019. The villages were selected for snail, duck weed, fish and algae (Khanum et on the basis of the availability of backyard ducks al., 2005; Rahman et al., 2009; Pervin et al., and communication facilities with a view to 2013; Pushpa, 2019; Parvez et al., 2020). The collect desired information on duck rearing availability of the scavenging feeds varies from practices. Fifty household duck farms were season to season. The management system of selected randomly from 4 villages under the duck is moderate for the semi-scavenging upazila. Households having at least 5 ducks farming systems (Hoque et al., 2010; Pervin et reared under scavenging systems were included al., 2013; Dey et al., 2017). in the study. The Char Fasson on the Island of Bhola in Study population Barisal division, the coastal areas of Lakshmipur The local ‘Deshi’, Khaki Campbell, Indian district, Tarail and Netrakona in Mymensingh Runner and Pekin ducks were included in this division and Kalia in Khulna division are the study. Sexing of ducklings was done by color, most duck dense areas in Bangladesh (Rahman et feather and vent sexing method. Age of duck al., 2005, 2009, 2014; Hoque et al., 2010; Pervin was recorded by interviewing the farmers. et al., 2013). However, Comilla district is the Vaccination, types of treatment, intervention and most important place for duck rearing (Hoque, types of drugs used for each case, and marketing 2016). Laksam upazila under Comilla district systems of eggs and ducks were also recorded. occupies an important place in respect of backyard duck farming practices in Bangladesh. Data collection and analysis It is a densely populated upazila where people traditionally practice cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, A cross-sectional survey was conducted using poultry and duck rearing. There is a considerable simple random sampling technique and data amount of lowlands in this upazila which are rich were collected directly from the duck farmers in natural feed available in the ponds, canals, and through face to face interview using a structured waterlogged lowlands for duck foraging questionnaire. The data related to duck breed, (Rahman et al., 2009; Begum et al., 2018; age, types of housing, feeding system, number of Pushpa, 2019). As a result, many small scale egg production, egg hatching, duckling duck farms have been established close to the brooding, cost effectiveness, socio-economic water logging areas. condition of the farmer were recorded in the data sheet through farmer’s face to face interview The backyard duck has been identified as a major system. Data obtained were entered into area for human resource development program in Microsoft Excel 2016 and simple descriptive the lowlands and the coastal areas (Rahman et statistics were calculated. Results were al., 2005, 2009, 2014; Hoque et al., 2010; Pervin expressed as percentage of the frequency et al., 2013). Information on the backyard duck is number. scarce. The performance and profitability of the backyard ducks in the semi-scavenging farming 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION systems are not yet evaluated in this area. This Socio-economic status study, therefore, aims to provide information regarding feeding, rearing, and utilization Age of the duck farmers ranged from 25 to 50 patterns of family ducks, income generated in years. The farmers were stratified into 3 158 Islam et al. BJVAS, Vol. 8, No. 2, July – December 2020 categories, i.e., the young ≤25, the middle aged of Noakhali and Lakhmipur (57% and 49%, 25-50 and the old >50 (Table 1). The highest respectively) (Rahman et al., 2009; Pervin et al., number of farmers (56%) was found in middle 2013). The current study area, i.e., the district of age group that agrees with the findings of other Comilla has comparatively better facilities for investigators (Rahman et al., 2009; Pervin et al., education, and therefore, the socio-economic 2013; Islam et al., 2016; Parvez et al., 2020) but status of the people here is much better (literacy differ with Jha et al., (2016) who noticed that the rate >90%) than the coastal and haor people of number of young farmers were higher than the Bangladesh (NIPORT, 2015). middle aged and old farmers in haor areas of Sylhet. The number of young farmers was also The farming experience of the duck rearers was dominant in another study conducted by classified into 3 categories, namely short (<5 Khanum and Salim Al Mahadi (2016) who years), moderate (5-10 years), and long (>10 reported that mostly the young women used to years) (Table 1). Table 1, indicated that 50% of rear ducks in the haor areas of Bangladesh. the farmers were involved with duck rearing for Similar results were reported elsewhere (Jha et 5-10 years. This result appears similar with the al., 2015, 2016). findings of Islam et al.
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