Revolutionary Britain

Course guide 2008-9

Robert Armstrong Office: Room 3018 [email protected]

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Revolutionary Britain

This course focuses upon the years considered by later generations as establishing the British constitution upon ‘revolutionary principles’. The period saw the political turmoil of the ‘’, the first age of party, the revolutionary events of 1688-90 in and , the between those two kingdoms, and the birth of the Jacobite movement. In each case, the course will emphasise the interplay between high politics and popular politics, whether the struggle to control the street politics of procession, demonstration and riot; the harnessing of partisan energies through the development of ideology, propaganda and the public arena; persistent conspiracy and the intermittent adoption of the politics of violence across the political spectrum from republican to Jacobite. Sources studied will reflect this agenda, combining landmark political and constitutional documents with personal accounts of these turbulent years and the political thought and propaganda generated in this age of Marvell, Locke, Defoe and Swift.

Course aims include: • Investigation of an intricate and significant period in British history to develop understanding of the interaction of layers of historical explanation (popular politics, political ideas, cultural developments etc.) and varieties of historical interpretation • To focus on contemporary materials so as to encourage familiarity with the raw materials of history, increase confidence in handling primary sources and develop skills in the criticism and deployment of such materials • To use course assessment to provide opportunities for individual study and for teaching through conducting presentations and leading discussions.

Weekly teaching will consist of: • One one-hour informal lecture, including discussion of primary sources. These lectures address political and religious developments in England and Scotland. The topic covered will be those examined in ‘Paper one’ of the moderatorship examinations. • One two-hour seminar, which will normally focus on two ‘set texts’, primary sources which will be examined in ‘Paper two’ of the moderatorship examinations. Most weeks students will deliver presentations based on these documents, followed by a discussion of the texts, which will have been studied inadvance by the class. Some seminars will instead take the form of a general investigation of landmark constitutional documents or of literary sources for the period.

2 Course requirements

Each class member is required: • To attend the weekly seminar • To participate in class discussion • To deliver one or two presentations in each of Michaelmas and Hilary terms • To submit two pieces of written work in each of Michaelmas and Hilary terms

One of these pieces work will take the form of a 3,000 word essay, with that in Hilary term (the moderatorship essay or Essay B) forming part of the assessment for the moderatorship examination. For deadlines see the current History department handbook. The moderatorship essay must be delivered to the History Office. Extensions may only be granted by the head of department, Professor Ciaran Brady.

A second essay (to be delivered to Dr. Armstrong) will be based on the student’s presentation, in turn based on one of the set texts for the course. This essay will be delivered the week following the individual’s presentation to the class.

Presentations The following notes are for general guidance only. Not all points are relevant to any given presentation. Rather these notes are intended as prompts on how to interrogate a text or approach a subject in advance of a presentation, and as an indication of what makes for a strong presentation.

General points • A presentation should last for about 20 minutes, followed by group discussion. Presentations should not take the form of essay-type papers, though they will provide the basis for subsequent essays. The material used for the presentation need not be handed up for marking. • In preparing a presentation it is worth considering the following: 1) Work out a clear structure and work on the clarity and fullness of information presented; 2) Analysis and reflection: what does the subject amount to in terms of the course as a whole; be aware of different interpretations (where relevant); offer a sense of what proved difficult or interesting, or which other sources or commentaries proved useful; 3) Use of handouts or other overheads, illustrations or other material. It would be worthwhile having some such material ready for circulation a few days before making a presentation, allowing other class members to read and prepare points for discussion. Any such material can be copied by me if submitted in advance, and left for collection for class members outside the History Office.

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Seminars on extracts from texts 1. What is the nature of the text?: • authorship: author’s background, possible bias, sources of information • nature of the document: published or unpublished at the time; short pamphlet or extract from lengthy text; prose, verse or drama. What are the implications? • circumstances of composition and of publication • purpose: to vindicate, to persuade, etc.

2. What does the text say and how is it said ? • Discuss the content, highlighting significant passages, and noting the structure • What types of argument does the author deploy – does s/he look to history, theology or other types of authority? • What techniques for persuasion are employed – from point-to-point argument to scare- mongering or stereotyping? • If written for polemical or partisan purposes, do you think it succeeds in its aims? • Point up terms which may need explanation, identify persons (and perhaps places or events) mentioned or discussed

3. What does it mean and why does it matter ? • What impact did the text have? How was it received by contemporaries? • Was it part of a tradition of writing, or an example of a type of argument or case being advanced, or does it signal a new departure? • What does the text contribute to an understanding of the period?

Approaching presentations • The aim is to inform the class, as a supplement lectures and private reading. • Presentations should therefore balance clarity with a relatively full treatment - attempting to put across the key points rather than too much detail but providing a sound basis for understanding for the rest of the class • Use of primary sources is vital both in presentations and essays; the opportunity should be taken to handle the raw materials of history. The suggested sources are a starting point but it would be well worth seeking out additional material. Resist the temptation to major on the details of an author’s life at the expense of getting to grips with the work!

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Revolutionary Britain Lecture list

The following list is for general guidance only. Specific items may be elaborated or reduced in light of the direction taken by the class over the year as a while.

• Introducing Britain • The ‘popish plot’ and the crisis of the Stuart • The : issues and events • The Exclusion crisis: politics outside parliament • Whig and : ideas and attitudes • Radicals and in Restoration Scotland • Republicans, Rye house and the Tory reaction • The reign of James II: the Tory inheritance • The reign of James II: the churches and religious indulgence • The reign of James II: crisis and collapse • The ‘’: issues and events • Whig and Tory in the English Revolution • Toleration: ideology and pragmatism • Scotland’s Revolution • The birth of 1688-1702 • The image of monarchy: court and culture from 1688 • Whigs in power: the ‘Junto’ and Country politics • War, finance and international politics • ‘ William’s ill years’ and the renaissance of the • Negotiating the Union • Politics of war and peace: England to 1707 • Writing revolution and the ‘rage of party’: literature and politics after 1689 • Political culture in later Stuart Britain

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Revolutionary Britain Reading lists

The reading list falls into two parts: General reading: a selected list of mostly secondary works, grouped chronologically, thematically and geographically. The books and articles in these relate to the issues treated in the lectures, and reading in conjunction with the lectures is required. These works will be also relevant for essays and presentations.

Seminar programme: ‘primary texts’ and commentary: NOTE: this course will make extensive use of the Library’s on-line databases Early English books online (EEBO) and Eighteenth-Century Collections On-line (ECCO). Class members are expected to familiarize themselves with the database and use it extensively for essays and presentations.

The primary texts listed below in conjunction with the seminar programme are all to be found in EEBO or ECCO; some are also available in modern editions. They are those which will be drawn upon for class presentations and will provide the extracts set for discussion in paper 2 of the examination. In each case I have added a few extra works which provide commentary on the texts, or discussion of the authors.

GENERAL READING

General accounts and interpretations, and reference works The following provide valuable introductions to, or interpretations of, the period studied: Tim Harris, Restoration: Charles II and his kingdoms 1660-1685 (2005) Tim Harris, Revolution: the great crisis of the British monarchy 1685-1720 (2006) G. S. De Krey, Restoration and revolution in Britain (2007) Tim Harris, Politics under the later Stuarts: party conflict in a divided society 1660-1715 (1993) Geoffrey Holmes, The making of a great power: late Stuart and Georgian Britain 1660-1732 (1993) J. R. Jones, Court and country: England 1658-1714 (1978) Keith M. Brown, Kingdom or province? Scotland and the regal union 1603-1715 (1992) Gordon Donaldson, Scotland: James V to James VII (1965) William Ferguson, Scotland: 1689 to the present (1968) J. C. D. Clark, 1660-1832 (2000) Jonathan Scott, England’s troubles: seventeenth-century English political instability in European context (2000) Jim Smith, The making of the , 1660-1800 (2001)

6 In addition, there are valuable studies of particular themes across the period covered: Sir Keith Feiling, History of the Tory Party 1640-1714 (1950) William Ferguson, Scotland's relations with England: a survey to 1707 (1977) Anthony Fletcher, Reform in the provinces: the government of Stuart England (1986) Paul D. Halliday, Dismembering the body politic: partisan politics in England’s towns, 1650- 1730 (1998) Mark A. Kishlansky, Parliamentary selection: social and political choice in early modern England (1986) Mark Knights, Representation and misrepresentation in later Stuart Britain : partisanship and political culture (2005) Alan Marshall, The age of faction: court politics, 1660-1702 (1999) Howard Nenner, The right to be king: the succession to the of England 1603-1714 (1995) Steven A. Pincus, ‘ “Coffee politicians doth create”: coffeehouses and Restoration political culture’, Journal of Modern History 67 (1995) Lois G. Schwoerer, No standing armies: the anti-army ideology in seventeenth century England (1974) David L. Smith, The Stuart parliaments 1603-1689 (1999) Rachel Weil, Political passions: gender, the family and political argument in England, 1680- 1714 (1999)

Valuable collections of essays include: Alan Houston & Steve Pincus eds., A nation transformed: England after the Restoration (2001) Clyve Jones ed., Britain in the first age of party 1680-1750 (1987) T. M. Devine & John R. Young eds., Eighteenth century Scotland: new perspectives (1999) Jason McElligott ed., Fear, exclusion and revolution: Roger Morrice and Britain in the (2006) Howard Nenner ed., Politics and the political imagination in later Stuart Britain (1998) Hilda L. Smith ed., Women writers and the early modern British political tradition (1998)

The Dictionary of National Biography (2004) is an exceptionally useful source, available online and providing up-to-date, scholarly biographies of all the main players in English and Scottish political, religious and cultural life. Also useful for biographical information: History of parliament: the 1660-1690 ed. B. D. Henning (3 vols., 1983) & History of parliament: the House of Commons 1690-1715 (5 vols., 2001) ed. David Hayton, which contains biographies of all MPs and accounts of constituencies. Richard L. Greaves & Robert Zaller eds.,. Biographical dictionary of British radicals in the seventeenth century (3 vols., 1982-4)

7 Printed Sources

NOTE: the documents studied in seminar are listed below, week by week. In addition, the following are valuable: English historical documents, VIII: 1660-1714 ed. Andrew Browning (1953) provides a comprehensive selection, ranging from constitutional documents to extracts and short items on politics, religion and society. More closely focused on ‘constitutional’ matters, but still very useful are J. P. Kenyon, The Stuart constitution 1603-1688 (2nd edition, 1986) and its companion volume E. N. Williams ed., The eighteenth century constitution (1960), which begins its coverage in 1689. Also W. C. Costin and J. Steven Watson eds., The law and working of the constitution: documents 1660-1914 (2 vols., 1952). For Scotland, A source book of Scottish history, volume III eds. W. C. Dickinson et al, (1954) and Scottish historical documents ed. Gordon Donaldson (1970).

Selections of particular types of source material, or collections on particular themes include: Geoffrey Holmes and W. A. Speck eds., The divided society: party conflict in England 1694- 1716 (1967) Bruce Lenman & John S. Gibson eds., The Jacobite threat… a source book (1990) G. deF. Lord ed., Augustan satirical verse 1660-1714 (7 vols., 1963-75) G. deF. Lord ed., Anthology of poems on affairs of state: Augustan satirical verse 1660-1714 (1975) John Miller, Religion in the popular prints 1600-1832 (1986).

In searching for sources for particular topics, essays, etc., EEBO and ECCO are essential, but the following are worth noting: State tracts: being a collection of several treatises relating to the government (1689) and State tracts: being a farther collection of several choice treatises relating to the government (1692) – these are available on EEBO but are worth noting as they bring together several of the important pamphlets, declarations and other items previously published separately. Gilbert Burnet, History of his own time – several editions available John Evelyn, The diary of John Evelyn – several editions available, the best being that edited by E. S. de Beer The entring book of Roger Morrice ed. Mark Goldie et al (6 vols., 2007): extremely valuable diary, especially for 1685-91 and accompanied by extensive notes, including biographical articles A kingdom without a king: the journal of the provisional government in the revolution of 1688 ed. Robert Beddard (1988) Anchitell Grey, Debates of the House of Commons from … 1667-1694 (10 volumes, 1763) – available on ECCO Henry Horwitz ed., The parliamentary diary of Narcissus Luttrell, 1691-93 (1972) D. W. Hayton ed., The parliamentary diary of Sir Richard Cocks, 1698-1702 (1996) Autobiography of Sir ed. Lord Braybrooke, Camden Society vol. 32 (1845) [RESEARCH AREA] An account of the proceedings of the estates in Scotland 1689-1690 ed. E. W. M. Balfour- Maitland, 2 vols., Scottish History Society (1954) [RESEARCH AREA] Douglas Duncan ed., History of the Union of Scotland and England by Sir John Clerk of Penicuik Scottish History Society 5th series, 6 (1993) [RESEARCH AREA]

8 FROM ‘POPISH PLOT’ TO TORY REACTION: ENGLAND 1678-1685 D. F. Allen, ‘Political clubs in restoration London’, Historical Journal 19 (1976) Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary politics and Locke’s two treatises of government (1986) O. W. Furley, ‘The -burning processions of the late seventeenth century’, History 44 (1959) Lionel K. J. Glassey ed., The reigns of Charles II and James VII and II (1997), especially Tim Harris, ‘The parties and the people: the press, the crowd and politics ‘out-of-doors” in Restoration England’ Richard L. Greaves, Secrets of the kingdom: British radicals from the Popish plot to the Revolution of 1688-1689 (1992) K. H. D. Haley, The first earl of Shaftesbury (1968) K. H. D. Haley, ‘ “No ” in the reign of Charles II’ in Britain and the Netherlands, vol. 5: Some political mythologies eds. J. S. Bromley and E. H. Kossman (1975) Tim Harris, London crowds in the reign of Charles II (1987) Tim Harris, Paul Seaward & Mark Goldie eds., The politics of religion in Restoration England (1990) Ronald Hutton, Charles the second (1989) J. R. Jones, The first Whigs (1966) J. R. Jones, Charles II: royal politician (1987) J. P. Kenyon, The popish plot (1974) Mark Knights, Politics and opinion in crisis, 1678-1681 (1994) Mark Knights, ‘Petitioning and the political theorists: , and London’s “monster” petition of 1680’ Past and present 138 Douglas R. Lacey, Dissent and parliamentary politics, 1661-1689 (1969) Alan Marshall, Intelligence and espionage in the reign of Charles II, 1660-1685 (1994) Alan Marshall, The strange death of Edmund Godfrey: plots and politics in Restoration London (1999) John Miller Popery and politics in England 1660-1688 (1973) John Miller, After the civil war: English politics and government in the reign of Charles II (2000) John Miller, Charles II (1991) John Miller, ‘Public opinion in Charles II’s England’ History 80 (1995) John Miller, ‘Charles II and his parliaments’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series 32 (1982) Dorothy Milne, ‘The results of the ’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th series, 1 (1951) Lois G. Schwoerer, The ingenious Mr. Henry Care, restoration publicist (2001) John Spurr, England in the (2000) Andrew Swatland, The in the reign of Charles II (1996) Jonathan Scott, Algernon Sidney and the English republic, 1623-1677 (1988) Jonathan Scott, Algernon Sidney and the restoration crisis 1677-1683 (1991) Grant Tapsell, The personal rule of Charles II, 1681-85 (2007) Grant Tapsell, ‘Parliament and political division in the last years of Charles II, 1681-1685’, Parliamentary history 22 (2003) J. Walker, ‘The English exiles in Holland in the reigns of Charles II and James II’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 4th series, 30 (1948) J. R. Western, Monarchy and revolution: the English state in the 1680s (1972)

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Some local studies include: Dan Beaver, ‘Conscience and context: the popish plot and the politics of ritual 1678-1682’ Historical journal 34 (1991) Andrew M. Coleby, Central government and the localities: Hampshire 1649-89 (1987) G. S. de Krey, London and the Restoration, 1659-1683 (2005) G. S. de Krey, ‘The London Whigs and the Exclusion Crisis reconsidered’ in The first modern society eds. Lee Beier, David Cannadine & James Rosenheim (1989) Mark Goldie, ‘The Hilton gang and the purge of London in the 1680s’, in Politics and the political imagination in later Stuart Britain ed. Howard Nenner (1998) Philip Jenkins, ‘Anti-popery on the in the seventeenth century’, Historical Journal 23 (1980) Mark Knights, ‘London’s “monster” petition of 1680’, Historical Journal 36 (1993) John Miller, ‘A moderate in the first age of party: the dilemmas of Sir John Holland, 1675-85’, English historical review 114 (1999)

THE CHURCHES, THE STATE AND RELIGIOUS TOLERATION Robert Beddard, ‘Vincent Alsop and the emancipation of Restoration dissent’, Journal of Ecclesiastical History 24 (1973) G. V. Bennett, ‘King William III and the episcopate’, in G. V. Bennett & J. D. Walsh ed., Essays in church history (1966) G. V. Bennett, ‘Conflict in the church’, in Britain after the Glorious Revolution ed. Geoffrey Holmes (1969) J. A. I. Champion, The pillars of priestcraft shaken: the and its enemies 1660-1730 (1992) Justin Champion, ‘ “My kingdom is not of this world”: the politics of religion after the Revolution’, in Nicholas Tyacke ed., The English Revolution (2007) John Coffey, Persecution and toleration in Protestant England 1558-1689 (2000) G. S. de Krey, ‘ in the Restoration crisis, 1679-82’, in Religion, literature and politics in post-Reformation England eds. Donna B. Hamilton & Richard Strier (1996) O. P. Grell, J. I. Israel and N. Tyacke eds., From persecution to toleration: the Glorious Revolution and (1991) Tim Harris, Paul Seaward and Mark Goldie eds., The politics of religion in Restoration England (1990) Henry Horwitz, ‘Protestant reconciliation in the exclusion crisis’, Journal of Ecclesiastical history 15 (1964) N. H. Keeble, The literary culture of nonconformity in later seventeenth-century England (1987) G. F. Nuttall & eds., From uniformity to unity 1662-1962 (1962) John Spurr, The Restoration Church of England, 1646-1689 (1991) John Spurr, English puritanism, 1603-1689 (1998) John Spurr, ‘The Church of England, comprehension and the Toleration Act of 1689’, English historical review 104 (1989) Michael R. Watts, The dissenters: from the Restoration to the French Revolution (1978) Bruce Yardley, ‘George Villiers, second duke of Buckingham, and the politics of religious toleration’, Huntington Library Quarterly 55 (1992)

10 JAMES II AND THE REVOLUTION OF 1688-9 IN ENGLAND Stephen B. Baxter, William III (1966) Robert Beddard ed., The Revolutions of 1688 (1991) R. A. Beddard, ‘The Guildhall declaration … and the counter-revolution of the loyalists’, Historical Journal 11 (1968) John Callow, The making of King James II: the formative years of a fallen king (2000) John Childs, The army, James II and the Glorious Revolution (1980) John Childs, ‘1688’, History 73 (1988) Tony Claydon, William III and the godly revolution (1996) Robin Clifton, The last popular rebellion: the Western Rising of 1685 (1984) Eveline Cruickshanks, By force or by default? The revolution of 1688-1689 (1989) Peter Earle, Monmouth’s rebels: the road to Sedgemoor, 1685 (1977) Mark Goldie, ‘The Revolution of 1689 and the structure of political argument’, Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 83 (1980) Richard L. Greaves, Secrets of the kingdom: British radicals from the Popish plot to the Revolution of 1688-1689 (1992) Dale Hoak and Mordechai Feingold eds., The world of William and Mary: Anglo-Dutch perspectives on the revolution of 1688-9 (1996) J. I. Israel ed., The Anglo-Dutch moment: essays on the Glorious Revolution and its world impact (1991) J. R. Jones, The revolution of 1688 in England (1972) J. P. Kenyon, The nobility in the revolution of 1688 (1963) John Miller, James II (1989) John Miller, The Glorious Revolution (seminar studies, 1983, 1997) Steven A. Pincus, ‘ “To protect English ”: the English nationalist revolution of 1688- 1689’, in and national identity eds. Tony Clayton & Ian McBride (1998} Lois G. Schwoerer, The declaration of rights 1689 (1981) Lois G. Schwoerer ed., Revolution of 1688-9: changing perspectives (1992) Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘Propaganda in the Revolution of 1688-9’, American Historical Review 82 (1977) W. A. Speck, Reluctant : Englishmen and the revolution of 1688 (1988) W. A. Speck, ‘The Orangist conspiracy against James II’, Historical Journal 30 (1987) W. A. Speck, ‘The north of England in the revolution of 1688’, Northern history 25 (1989) J. R. Western, Monarchy and revolution: the English state in the 1680s (1972) Melinda Zook, ‘Violence, martyrdom and : rethinking the Glorious Revolution’, in Politics and the political imagination in later Stuart Britain ed. Howard Nenner (1998)

11 SCOTLAND TO 1689 Toby Barnard, ‘Scotland and in the later Stuart monarchy’, in Conquest and Union eds. Steven G. Ellis and Sarah Barber (1995) S. Bruce & S. Yearly, ‘The social construction of tradition: the restoration portraits and the of Scotland’ in The making of Scotland eds. D. McCrone, S. Kendrick & P. Straw (1989) Tristram Clarke, ‘The Williamite episcopalians and the glorious revolution in Scotland’, Records of the Scottish Church History Society 24 (1990) Julia Buckroyd, Church and state in Scotland 1660-1681 (1980) Julia Buckroyd, The life of James Sharp, archbishop of St. Andrews 1618-1679: a political biography (1987) Ian B. Cowan, The Scottish , 1660-1688 (1976) I. B. Cowan, ‘Church and state reformed? The revolution of 1688-9 in Scotland’ in The Anglo- Dutch moment ed. J. I. Israel (1991) I. B. Cowan, ‘The reluctant revolutionaries: Scotland in 1688’ in By force or by default? The Revolution of 1688-1689 ed. Eveline Cruickshanks (1989) Richard L. Greaves, Secrets of the kingdom: British radicals from the Popish plot to the Revolution of 1688-1689 (1992) James Halliday, ‘The Club and the revolution in Scotland 1689-90’, Scottish Historical Review 45 (1966) Tim Harris, ‘Reluctant revolutionaries? The Scots and the revolution of 1688-89’, in Politics and the political imagination in later Stuart Britain ed. Howard Nenner (1998) Tim Harris, ‘The people, the law and the constitution in Scotland and England: a comparative approach to the Glorious Revolution’, Journal of British Studies 38 (1999) Clare Jackson, Restoration Scotland, 1660-1690: politics, religion and ideas (2003) Bruce P. Lenman, ‘The Scottish nobility and the revolution of 1688-1690’ in The revolutions of 1688 ed. Robert Beddard (1991) B. P. Lenman, ‘The poverty of political theory in the Scottish revolution 1689-90’, in The Glorious revolution 1688-89: changing perspectives ed. Lois G. Schwoerer (1992) Maurice Linklater and Christine Hesketh, For king and conscience: John Graham of Claverhouse, viscount Dundee (1990) Allan I. Macinnes, Clanship, commerce and the 1603-1788 (1996) Allan I. Macinnes, ‘Repression and conciliation: the highland dimension 1660-1688’, Scottish Historical Review 65 (1986) Gillian H. MacIntosh, The Scottish Parliament under Charles II, 1660-1685 (2007) Alastair J. Mann, ‘ “James VII, King of the Articles”: political management and parliamentary failure’, in Keith M. Brown & Alastair J. Mann eds., The history of the Scottish Parliament, Vol. 2 : Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1567-1707 (2005) David George Mullan ed., Women’s life writing in early modern Scotland (2003) for some fascinating accounts from the Covenanter perspective Hugh Ouston, ‘ in : James VII and the patronage of learning in Scotland 1679- 1688’ in New perspectives on the politics and culture of early modern Scotland eds. John Dwyer et al (1982) I. M. Smart, ‘The political ideas of the Scottish covenanters, 1638-88’, History of political thought 1 (1980)

12 ‘RAGE OF PARTY’: ENGLAND UNDER WILLIAM III AND QUEEN ANNE Stephen B. Baxter, William III (1966) G. V. Bennett, The Tory crisis in church and state 1688-1730: the career of Francis Atterbury, bishop of Rochester (1975) Colin Brooks, ‘The Country persuasion and political responsibility in England in the ’ Parliaments, estates and representation 4 (1984) Justin Champion, Republican learning: and the crisis of Christian culture, 1696- 1722 (2003) Tony Claydon, William III and the godly revolution (1996) Tony Claydon, William III (2002) H. T. Dickinson, Bolingbroke (1970) H. T. Dickinson, and property: political ideology in eighteenth-century Britain (1977) G. S. de Krey, A fractured society: the politics of London in the first age of party 1688-1715 (1985) G. S. de Krey, ‘Political in London after the Glorious revolution’, Journal of Modern History 55 (1983) Mark Goldie, ‘The roots of true , 1688-1694’, History of Political Thought 1 (1980) Edward Gregg, Queen Anne (1980) David Hayton, ‘The “country” interest and the party system, c. 1689-1720’, in Party and management in parliament 1660-1784 ed. Clyve Jones (1984) David Hayton, ‘Moral reform and country politics in the late seventeenth-century house of Commons’, Past and Present 128 (1990) David Hayton, ‘The in the House of Commons, 1698-1699: a forecast of the standing army controversy’, Parliamentary history 6 (1987) B. W. Hill, The growth of parliamentary parties 1689-1742 (1976) B. W. Hill, Robert Harley (1988) Geoffrey Holmes ed., Britain after the Glorious revolution, 1689-1714 (1969) Geoffrey Holmes, British politics in the age of Anne (1987) Geoffrey Holmes, Politics, religion and society in England 1679-1742 (1986) Geoffrey Holmes, The trial of Dr Sacheverell (1973) Julian Hoppit A land of liberty? England 1689-1727 (2000) Henry Horwitz, Parliament, policy and politics in the reign of William III (1977) Henry Horwitz, Revolution politicks: the career of Daniel Finch, second earl of Nottingham 1647-1730 (1968) Henry Horwitz, ‘The 1690s revisited: recent works on politics and political ideas in the reign of William III’, Parliamentary history 15 (1996) J. P. Kenyon, Revolution principles: the politics of party 1689-1720 (1977) J. P. Kenyon, Robert Spencer, earl of 1641-1702 (1958) Angus McInnes, Robert Harley (1970) Esther Mijers and David Onnekink eds., Redefining William III: the impact of the King- Stadholder in international context (2007) David Onnekink, ‘ “Mynheer Benting now rules over us”: the 1st Earl of Portland and the Re- emergence of the English Favourite, 1689-99’, English Historical Review, 121 (2006) David Onnekink, The Anglo-Dutch favourite: the career of Hans Willem Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (2007) Caroline Robbins, The eighteenth-century commonwealthsman (1959) Craig Rose, England in the 1690s (1999)

13 Julia Rudolph, Revolution by degrees: and Whig political thought in the late seventeenth century (2002) Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘The right to resist: Whig resistance theory, 1688-1694’, in Nicholas T. Phillipson & Quentin Skinner eds., Political discourse in (1993) W. A. Speck, Tory and Whig: the struggle in the constituencies 1701-1715 (1970) Gerald Straka, ‘The final phase of divine right theory in England, 1688-1702’, English historical review 77 (1962) Wout Troost, William III, the stadholder-king: a political biography (2005)

WAR, THE STATE AND INTERNATIONAL POLITICS J. V. Beckett, ‘Land tax or excise: the levying of taxation in seventeenth- and eighteenth- century England’, English Historical Review 100 (1985) Jeremy Black, A system of ambition? British foreign policy 1660-1783 (1991; 2000) M. J. Braddick, The nerves of state: taxation and the financing of the English state, 1558-1714 (1996) John Brewer, The sinews of power: war, money and the English state 1688-1783 (1989) C. D. Chandaman, The English public revenue 1660-1688 (1975) John Childs, The army of Charles II (1976) John Childs, The army, James II and the Glorious Revolution (1980) John Childs, The of William III, 1689-1702 (1987) John Childs, The Nine Years’ War and the British army, 1689-1697 (1991) P. G. M. Dickson, The in England: a study in the developments of public credit 1688-1756 (1967) J. I. Israel ed., The Anglo-Dutch moment: essays on the Glorious Revolution and its world impact (1991) Claydon Roberts, ‘The constitutional significance of the financial revolution of 1690’, Historical Journal 20 (1977) Henry Roseveare, The financial revolution 1660-1760 (1991) Jonathan Scott, England’s troubles: seventeenth-century English political instability in European context (2000) Lois G. Schwoerer, No standing armies: the anti-army ideology in seventeenth century England (1974)

SCOTLAND AFTER 1689 AND THE UNION Keith M. Brown, ‘Party-politics and parliament: Scotland’s last election and its aftermath, 1702-3’, in Keith M. Brown & Alastair J. Mann eds., The history of the Scottish Parliament, Vol. 2: Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1567-1707 (2005) Derek J. Patrick & Christopher A. Whatley, ‘Persistence, principle and patriotism in the making of the Union of 1707: The Revolution, the Scottish Parliament and the squadrone volante’, History, 92 (2007)

14 Derek J. Patrick, ‘Unconventional procedure: Scottish electoral politics after the Revolution’, in Keith M. Brown & Alastair J. Mann eds., The history of the Scottish Parliament, Vol. 2: Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1567-1707 (2005) William Ferguson, Scotland’s relations with England: a survey to 1707 (1977) William Ferguson, ‘Imperial crowns: a neglected facet of the background to the treaty of union of 1707’, Scottish Historical Review 53 (1974) Michael Fry, The Union: England, Scotland and the treaty of 1707 (2006) David Hayton, ‘Constitutional experiments and political expediency, 1689-1725’ in Conquest and union eds. Steven G. Ellis & Sarah Barber (1995) Geoffrey Holmes, British politics in the age of Anne (1987) Geoffrey Holmes, ‘The Hamilton affair of 1711-12: a crisis in Anglo-Scottish relations’, English historical review 77 (1962) Paul Hopkins, Glencoe and the end of the Highland war (1986, 1998) Colin Kidd, Subverting Scotland’s past: Scottish Whig historians and the creation of an Anglo-British identity 1689-c. 1830 (1993) Alastair J. Mann, ‘Inglorious Revolution: administrative muddle and constitutional change in the Scottish parliament of William and Mary’, Parliamentary History 22 (2003) Allan I. Macinnes, Union and : the making of the United Kingdom in 1707 (2007) Allan I. Macinnes, ‘William of Orange – “Disaster for Scotland”?’, in Esther Mijers and David Onnekink eds., Redefining William III (2007) David Onnekink, ‘The Earl of Portland and Scotland (1689-1699): a re-evaluation of Williamite policy’, Scottish Historical Review, 85 (2006) John Prebble, The Darien disaster (1968) G. Pryde, The Treaty of Union of Scotland and England 1707 (1950) T. I. Rae ed., The Union of 1707: its impact on Scotland (1974) P. W. J. Riley, The Union of Scotland and England (1978) P. W. J. Riley, King William and the Scottish politicians (1979) P. W. J. Riley, The English ministers and Scotland 1707-1727 (1964) John Robertson ed., A union for empire: political thought and the union of 1707 (1995) Paul H. Scott, 1707: the Union of England and Scotland (1979) John Stuart Shaw, The management of Scottish society 1704-1764 (1983) John Stuart Shaw, The political history of eighteenth-century Scotland (1999) Christopher A. Whatley & Derek J. Patrick, The Scots and the Union (2006) Christopher A. Whatley, Bought and sold for English gold: explaining the Union of 1707 (1994) Christopher A. Whatley, ‘Economic causes and consequences of the Union of 1707: a revision article’, Scottish historical review 66 (1987) John R. Young, ‘The parliamentary incorporating Union of 1707: political management, anti- unionism and foreign policy’ in Eighteenth-century Scotland eds. T. M. Devine & John R. Young (1999) John R. Young, ‘The Scottish parliament and the covenanting heritage of constitutional reform’, in Allan I. Macinnes and Jane Ohlmeyer eds., The Stuart kingdoms in the seventeenth century (2002)

15 JACOBITISM G. V. Bennett, ‘English Jacobitism, 1710-1715: myth and reality’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 5th series, 32 (1982) G. V. Bennett, The Tory crisis in church and state 1688-1730: the career of Francis Atterbury, bishop of Rochester (1975) John Callow, King in exile: James II: warrior, king and saint, 1689-1701 (2004) Eveline Cruickshanks ed., Ideology and conspiracy: aspects of Jacobitism 1689-1759 (1982) Eveline Cruickshanks & Jeremy Black eds., The Jacobite challenge (1988) Eveline Cruickshanks & Edward Corp eds., The Stuart court in exile and the Jacobites (1995) William Donaldson, The Jacobite song: political myth and national identity (1988) Jane Garrett, The triumphs of providence: the assassination plot 1696 (1980) J. Gibson, Playing the Scottish card: the Franco-Jacobite invasion of 1708 (1988) Mark Goldie & Clare Jackson, ‘Williamite Tyranny and the Whig Jacobites’, in Esther Mijers and David Onnekink eds., Redefining William III (2007) Leo Gooch, The desperate faction? The Jacobites of north-east England 1688-1745 (1995) Edward Gregg, ‘Was Queen Anne a Jacobite?’, History 57 (1972) Paul Hopkins, Glencoe and the end of the Highland war (1986, 1998) Clyve Jones, ‘Evidence interpretation and definitions in Jacobite historiography’, English historical review 113 (1998) Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite risings in Britain, 1689-1746 (1980) Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite clans of the Great Glen 1650-1784 (1984) Bruce Lenman, The Jacobite cause (1984) Allan I. Macinnes, ‘Scottish Jacobitism: in search of a movement’, in T. M. Devine and John R. Young eds., Eighteenth century Scotland (1999) Paul K. Monod, Jacobitism and the 1688-1788 (1989) Paul K. Monod, ‘Jacobitism and country principles in the reign of William III’, Historical Journal 30 (1987) Murray G. H. Pittock, The myth of the Jacobite clans (1995) Murray G. H. Pittock, Jacobitism (1998) Margaret Steele, ‘Anti-Jacobite pamphleteering, 1701-1720’, Scottish Historical Review 60 (1981) Daniel Szechi, Jacobitism and Tory politics, 1710-1714 (1984) Daniel Szechi, The Jacobites in Britain and , 1688-1788 (1994) Daniel Szechi, ‘The Jacobite Revolution settlement 1689-1696’, English historical review 108 (1993) Daniel Szechi, ‘ “Cam ye o’er frae France?” Exile and the mind of Scottish Jacobitism, 1716- 1727’, Journal of British Studies 37 (1998) Daniel Szechi, George Lockhart of Carnwath, 1681-1731: a study in Jacobitism (2002)

16 THE PRESS, LITERATURE AND POLITICS J. A. Downie, Robert Harley and the press: propaganda and public opinion in the age of Swift and Defoe (1979) J. A. Downie, ‘Periodicals and politics in the reign of Queen Anne’, in R. Myers and M. Harris eds., Serials and their readers, 1620-1914 (1993) G. C. Gibbs, ‘Government and the English press, 1695 to the middle of the eighteenth century’, in Too mighty to be free: censorship and the press in Britain and the Netherlands eds. A. C. Duke & C. A. Tamse (1987) Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘Press and parliament in the revolution of 1689’, Historical Journal 20 (1977) James Sutherland, The Restoration newspaper and its development (1986) J. Walker, ‘The censorship of the press in the reign of Charles II’, History 34-5 (1949-50) R. B. Walker, ‘The newspaper press in the reign of William III’, Historical Journal 17 (1974) Steven N. Zwicker ed., Cambridge companion to English literature 1650-1750 (2000) Steven N. Zwicker, Lines of authority: politics and English literary culture 1649-1689 (1993)

17 Revolutionary Britain Seminar programme

Michaelmas term

Week 1 Introduction to course Including workshop on using EEBO and Royal Historical Society Online Bibliography

Week 2 Introduction to sources: literary and visual evidence

Week 3 Political traditions in Restoration England TEXTS (a) Andrew Marvell, An account of the growth of popery and arbitrary government in England (1677), pp. 1-17. Reprinted, with a helpful introduction, in volume 2 of The prose works of Andrew Marvell (2 vols., 2003) (b) Sir , Patriarcha (published 1680), pp. 1-13, 19-24; reprinted in Sir Robert Filmer, Patriarcha and other writings ed. Johann P. Sommerville (1990) FURTHER READING: John M. Wallace, Destiny his choice: the loyalism of Andrew Marvell (1968) Warren L. Chernaik, The poet’s time: politics and religion in the work of Andrew Marvell (1983) Annabel Patterson, Marvell and the civic crown (1978) Conal Condren & A. D. Cousins eds., The political identity of Andrew Marvell (1990) James Daly, Sir Robert Filmer and English political thought (1979) Gordon Schochet, Patriarchalism in political thought (1975) Peter Lake ‘Anti-popery: the structure of a prejudice’ in The eds. Richard Cust and Ann Hughes (1997) – still useful for later period

Week 4 Propaganda and the exclusion crisis TEXTS (a) [Elkanah Settle], The character of a popish successor and what England may expect from one (1681) (b) [John Nalson] The character of a rebellion and what England may expect from one (1681) FURTHER READING: Knights 1994; Harris 1993 [above] O. W. Furley, ‘The Whig exclusionists: pamphlet literature in the exclusion campaign, 1679- 81’, Cambridge historical journal 13 (1957) Mark Goldie, ‘John Locke and Anglican Royalism’, Political Studies 31 (1983) T. Harris, ‘ and the in the reign of Charles II’, Seventeenth century 8 (1993) Robert Willman, ‘The origins of “Whig” and “Tory” in English political language’, Historical Journal 17 (1974) B. Behrens, ‘The Whig theory of the constitution in the reign of Charles II’, Cambridge Historical Journal 7 (1941) Royce MacGillivray, Restoration historians and the English civil war (1974) See also the articles on John Nalson and Elkanah Settle in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography

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Week 5 Political ideas of the 1680s TEXTS (a) John Locke, ‘Second treatise’ in Two treatises of government (1698), ‘Second treatise’, chapters 13-14, pp. 281-98. (b) [George Savile, marquis of Halifax,] The character of a trimmer (1689), ‘Preface’ and pp. 4-5, 8-14, 40-43 FURTHER READING: Both these texts are available in modern editions: especially useful is the Peter Laslett edition of Locke, first published 1960 and reprinted several times, and The works of George Savile, marquis of Halifax ed. Mark N. Brown (3 vols., 1989). The literature on Locke is enormous, but some helpful items include: Richard Ashcraft, Revolutionary politics and Locke’s two treatises of government (1986) John Marshall, John Locke: resistance, religion and responsibility (1994) John Dunn and Ian Harris eds., Locke (2 vols., 1997) [reprints significant essays] Philip Milton, ‘John Locke and the Rye House plot’, Historical Journal 43 (2000) For Halifax, see especially the Introductions to various editions of Halifax’s works, including by Brown (1989) and Kenyon (1969) Articles on Halifax and on the ‘Trimmer’ in politics appear in Huntington Library Quarterly volumes 35 (1971-2: two articles), 37 (1973-4), 54 (1991)

Week 6 Political traditions in Restoration Scotland TEXTS (a) A true copy of a treasonable and bloody paper… (1680) (b) [Sir George Mackenzie], A vindication of his majesties government of Scotland (1683), pp. 1-17 FURTHER READING: Clare Jackson, Restoration Scotland, 1660-1690: Royalist politics, religion and ideas (2003) Julia Buckroyd, Church and state in Scotland 1660-1681 (1980) Ian B. Cowan, The Scottish Covenanters, 1660-1688 (1976) Richard L. Greaves, Secrets of the kingdom: British radicals from the Popish plot to the Revolution of 1688-1689 (1992) Tim Harris, ‘The British dimension, religion and the shaping of political identities during the reign of Charles II’, in Protestantism and national identity eds. Tony Claydon & Ian R. McBride (1998) I. M. Smart, ‘The political ideas of the Scottish covenanters, 1638-88’, History of political thought 1 (1980)

19 Week 7 Cultural politics TEXTS (a) John Dryden, The Medal (1682) reprinted in any number of editions (b) , The … a comedy (1682), ‘Prologue’ and pp. 1-21; reprinted in editions of her collected works FURTHER READING: Philip Harth, ‘Pen for a party’: Dryden’s Tory propaganda in its contexts (1993) Steven N. Zwicker, Politics and language in Dryden’s poetry: the arts of disguise (1984) George McFadden, Dryden: the public writer, 1660-1685 (1978) James Anderson Winn, John Dryden and his world (1987) Angeline Goreau, Reconstructing Aphra (1980) Janet Todd, The secret life of Aphra Behn (1996) Melinda S. Zook., ‘Contextualizing Aphra Behn: plays, politics and party 1679-1689’, in Hilda L. Smith ed., Women writers and the early modern British political tradition (1998)

Week 8 Republican politics TEXTS (a) Algernon Sidney, Discourses concerning government (1704), pp. 146-62 (chapter 2.23 and part of 2.24), and 329-36 (chapter 3.23) (b) Henry Neville, Plato redivivus (1681), pp. 20-23, 34-37, 132-8, 158-62, 234-44, 248-53 FURTHER READING: Caroline Robbins, The eighteenth-century commonwealthsman (1959) Caroline Robbins ed., Two English Republican tracts (1969) Blair Worden, ‘The kidney of Algernon Sidney’, Journal of British Studies 24 (1985) Jonathan Scott, Algernon Sidney and the English republic, 1623-1677 (1988) Jonathan Scott, Algernon Sidney and the restoration crisis 1677-1683 (1991)

Week 9 Rebellion to revolution 1685-88 TEXTS (a) The declaration of James, duke of Monmouth (1685) (b) The declaration of William Henry … of the reasons inducing him to appear in arms in the … (1688) FURTHER READING: Tim Harris, ‘Scott, James, duke of Monmouth’ in Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Robin Clifton, The last popular rebellion: the Western Rising of 1685 (1984) Peter Earle, Monmouth’s rebels: the road to Sedgemoor, 1685 (1977) Richard L. Greaves, Secrets of the kingdom: British radicals from the Popish plot to the Revolution of 1688-1689 (1992) Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘Propaganda in the Revolution of 1688-9’, American Historical Review 82 (1977) Tony Claydon, ‘William III’s declaration of reasons and the Glorious Revolution’, Historical Journal 39 (1996) J. I. Israel ed., The Anglo-Dutch moment (1991), especially ‘Introduction’ and ‘The Dutch role’

20 Hilary term

Week 1 The Revolution settlement Constitutional documents 1689-90

Week 2 The Revolution debate in England TEXTS (a) [Gilbert Burnet], An enquiry into the present state of affairs (1689) (b) William Sherlock, The case of allegiance due to powers (1691), pp 1-4 (first paragraph), 9-14, 16 FURTHER READING: J. P. Kenyon, Revolution principles (1977) Howard Nenner, The right to be king: the succession to of England 1603-1714 (1995) Charles F. Mullett, ‘A case of allegiance: William Sherlock and the revolution of 1688’, Huntingdon Library Quarterly 10 (1946-7) Mark Goldie, ‘The Revolution of 1689 and the structure of political argument’, Bulletin of Research in the Humanities 83 (1980 Tony Claydon, William III and the godly revolution (1996) Gerald Straka, ‘The final phase of divine right theory in England, 1688-1702’, English historical review 77 (1962) T. P. Slaughter, ‘ “Abdicate” and “contract” in the Glorious Revolution’, Historical Journal 24 (1981) John Miller, ‘The Glorious Revolution: “Contract” and “abdication” reconsidered’, Historical Journal 25 (1982)

Week 3 Toleration, pro and con TEXTS (a) John Locke, A letter concerning toleration (1689), pp. 1-27, 46-51; various editions available, including Raymond Klibansky (1968), and J. R. Milton & Philip Milton (2006) (b) Jonas Proast, The argument of the letter concerning toleration, briefly consider’d and answer’d (1690), reprinted in The reception of Locke’s politics ed. Mark Goldie (6 vols., 1999), vol. 5 FURTHER READING: Mark Goldie, ‘John Locke, Jonas Proast and religious toleration, 1688-1692’ in The Church of England c. 1689-1833 eds. John Walsh, Colin Haydon, Stephen Taylor (1993) John Marshall, John Locke, toleration and early Enlightenment culture (2006) John Horton & Susan Mendus eds., John Locke ‘A letter concerning toleration’ in focus (1991) O. P. Grell, J. I. Israel and N. Tyacke eds., From persecution to toleration (1991) John Coffey, Persecution and toleration in Protestant England 1558-1689 (2000) Timothy Stanton, ‘Locke and the politics and theology of toleration’, Political Studies, 54:1 (2006), 84-102

21 Week 4 Church and state, Whig and Tory: the convocation controversy TEXTS (a) [Francis Atterbury,] A letter to a convocation man, concerning the rights, powers and privileges of that body (1697), pp. 1-3, 17-23, 29-34, 50-1 (b) , The authority of Christain princes over their ecclesiastical synods asserted (1697), pp 303-24 FURTHER READING: G. V. Bennett, The Tory crisis in church and state 1688-1730: the career of Francis Atterbury, bishop of Rochester (1975) Norman Sykes, William Wake, 1657-1737 (2 vols., 1957), volume 1 Martin Greig, ‘Heresy hunt: Gilbert Burnet and the convocation controversy of 1701’, Historical Journal, 37 (1994), 569-92 Mark Goldie, ‘The nonjurors, episcopacy, and the origins of the convocation controversy’, in Ideology and conspiracy: aspects of Jacobitism 1689-1759 ed. Eveline Cruickshanks (1982) G. V. Bennett, ‘King William III and the episcopate’, in G. V. Bennett & J. D. Walsh ed., Essays in modern English church history (1966) G. V. Bennett, ‘Conflict in the church’, in Britain after the Glorious Revolution ed. Geoffrey Holmes (1969) J. A. I. Champion, The pillars of priestcraft shaken: the Church of England and its enemies 1660-1730 (1992) Norman Sykes, Church and state in England in the 18th century (1935)

Week 5 Jacobitism TEXTS (a) [James II & VII], i) His Majesties most gracious declaration, 20 April 1692 ii) His Majesties most gracious declaration… to Scotland, 20 April 1692 iii) His Majesties most gracious declaration, 17 April 1693 (b) [Sir James Montgomerie], ’s just complaint (1692), pp 1-5, 48-50, 53-61 FURTHER READING: Monod, Jacobitism and the English people; Szechi, The Jacobites; Lenman, Jacobite risings (above) Mark Goldie & Clare Jackson, ‘Williamite Tyranny and the Whig Jacobites’, in Esther Mijers and David Onnekink eds., Redefining William III: the impact of the King-Stadholder in international context (2007) Paul Hopkins, ‘Sir James Montgomerie of Skelmorlie’, in The Stuart cause in exile and the Jacobites eds. Eveline Cruickshanks & Edward Corp (1995) Paul K. Monod, ‘Jacobitism and country principles in the reign of William III’, Historical Journal 30 (1987) Daniel Szechi, ‘The Jacobite Revolution settlement 1689-1696’, English historical review 108 (1993) John Callow, King in exile: James II: warrior, king and saint, 1689-1701 (2004)

Week 6 Moderatorship essays: presentations and discussion

22 Week 7 The standing army debate TEXTS (c) [John Trenchard and Walter Moyle], An argument shewing, that a standing army is inconsistent with a free government (1697) (d) , An argument shewing, that a standing army, with consent of parliament, is not inconsistent with a free government (1698), reprinted in Selected works of Daniel Defoe ed. James T. Boulton (1965) FURTHER READING: Lois G. Schwoerer, No standing armies! the anti-army ideology in seventeenth century England (1974) Lois G. Schwoerer, ‘The literature of the standing army controversy, 1697-1699’, Huntington Library Quarterly, 28 (1965), 187-212 Caroline Robbins, The eighteenth-century commonwealthsman (1959) P.N. Furbank & W.R. Owens, A political biography of Daniel Defoe (2006) Paula R. Backscheider, Daniel Defoe (1986) Maximillian E. Novak, Daniel Defoe: master of fictions (2001) David Hayton, ‘The “country” interest and the party system, c. 1689-1720’, in Party and management in parliament 1660-1784 ed. Clyve Jones (1984)

Week 8 Tory ideas TEXTS (a) Mary Astell, Reflections upon marriage (3rd edition, 1706), ‘Preface’ [unpaginated, but in ECCO images 3-5, 10-12] and pp. 26-50; reprinted in Mary Astell: political writings ed. Patricia Springborg (1996) and in Bridget Hill ed., The first English feminist … writings by Mary Astell (1986) (b) Jonathan Swift, (1704), pp 54-7, 123-35, 196-215; various modern editions. FURTHER READING: ‘Introduction’ to Bridget Hill ed., The first English feminist (1986) Patricia Springborg, Mary Astell (2005) Ruth Perry, The celebrated Mary Astell (1986) Rachel Weil, Political passions: gender, the family and political argument in England, 1680- 1714 (1999) Joan K. Kinnaird, ‘Mary Astell and the conservative contribution to English ’, Journal of British studies 19 (1979) Andrew Lister, ‘Marriage and misogyny: the place of Mary Astell in the history of political thought’, History of Political Thought, 25:1 (2004) Hilda L. Smith ed., Women writers and the early modern British political tradition (1998) J. A. Downie, Jonathan Swift: political writer (1984) Robert M. Adams, ‘The mood of the church and the tale of a tub’, in England in the Restoration and the early eighteenth century ed. H. T. Swedenborg (1972) Ian Higgins, Swift’s politics: a study in disaffection (1994) Irving Ehrenpreis in Hermann J. Real ed., Münster symposium in Jonathan Swift (1985)

23 Week 9 Prelude to Union TEXTS (a) Andrew Fletcher, Speeches by a member of the parliament which began at Edinburgh, the 6th of May, 1703 (1703), pp. 3-27, 32-6, 43-8 [speeches 1-4, 6-7, 11] reprinted in Andrew Fletcher: political works ed. John Robertson (1997) and other editions (b) [William Seton of Pitmedden], The interest of Scotland in three essays (1700), pp. 37-42, 46-61, 103-14 FURTHER READING: Christopher A. Whatley & Derek J. Patrick, The Scots and the Union (2006) John Robertson ed., A union for empire: political thought and the union of 1707 (1995) Allan I. Macinnes, Union and empire: the making of the United Kingdom in 1707 (2007) William Ferguson, Scotland's relations with England: a survey to 1707 (1977) John Robertson, ‘Andrew Fletcher’s vision of union’ in Roger A. Mason ed., Scotland and England 1286-1815 (1987) P. H. Scott, Andrew Fletcher and the Treaty of Union (1992) P. W. J. Riley, ‘The formation of the Scottish ministry of 1703’, Scottish historical review 44 (1965) P. W. J. Riley, ‘The Scottish parliament of 1703’, Scottish historical review 47 (1968) Keith M. Brown, ‘Party-politics and parliament: Scotland’s last election and its aftermath, 1702-3’, in Keith M. Brown & Alastair J. Mann eds., The history of the Scottish Parliament, Vol. 2: Parliament and politics in Scotland, 1567-1707 (2005) John R. Young, ‘The Scottish parliament and the covenanting heritage of constitutional reform’, in Allan I. Macinnes and Jane Ohlmeyer eds., The Stuart kingdoms in the seventeenth century (2002)

Trinity term

Week 1 The Treaty of Union Constitutional documents

Week 2 The Union debate Pamphlets and speeches

Week 3 Literary traditions Satire and the Whig canon

Week 4 Political traditions

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