Socialist Workers Party Nominates DeBerry as Candidate for President By Fred Halstead NEW YORK, Jan. 7 — Clifton DeBerry, has been nominated So­ cialist Workers Party candidate for president of the United States in the 1964 elections. Edward Shaw was nominated for vice pres­ ident. The nominations were made by the party’s national committee which met here in full session at MILITANT the beginning of the year. It is Published in the Interests of the Working People composed of representatives from a ll over the U.S. V o l. 28 - No. 2 M onday, Ja n u a ry 13, 1964 P rice 10c The nominating speech for the DeBerry-Shaw ticket was made by Farrell Dobbs, SWP national sec­ retary and the party’s presidential candidate in four previous cam­ paigns. The vote for the nomi­ Edward Shaw Is Named nees was unanimous. Clifton DeBerry is New York State organizer for the Socialist Workers Party. He was a candi­ To Run for Vice President date for Brooklyn councilman-at- large in the recent elections. He Edwar'd Shaw has been nomi­ recently completed a national nated as Socialist Workers Party speaking tour on coming develop­ candidate for Vice President. The ments in the Freedom Now strug­ vote for him at the recent meet­ gle. A strong advocate of inde­ ing of the SWP national commit­ pendent political action by labor tee was unanimous, as it was for and the Negro people, he supports his running mate, Clifton DeBer­ the idea of a Freedom Now Party ry, the Presidential candidate. as a step in that direction. Shaw, 40, is a printer. He lives DeBerry is the first Negro in in New York City with his wife U.S. history to be chosen by a and two young children. He has political party as its presidential had an active career in the trade- candidate. union and socialist movements. DeBerry, who is 39, was bom in He was recently elected Organiza­ Holly Springs, Mississippi. He tional Secretary of the SWP. graduated from Wendell Phillips High School in Chicago, Ill . Long B o m in Lake County, Illinois, active in the struggle for Negro Clifton DeBerry the SWP vice-presidential nomi­ rights and equality, DeBerry was nee grew up on a farm and went a delegate to the founding conven­ to a two-room country school- icals. These disastrous trends had on the verge of war as a result tion of the Negro Labor Congress house. In addition to farming, his just recently begun then, and were of the British-French attack on the held in Cincinnati in 1950 and to father was a rural mail carrier. being boomed by both the Dem­ Suez canal which Egypt had na­ the founding convention of the ocrats and Republicans with all tionalized. Dobbs went on the air Shaw graduated from the Zion- Negro American Labor Council in their might. over national radio and TV hook­ Benton Township High School in Detroit in 1960. During the Mont­ In 1952, the SWP went into the ups just before the election. He 1941 and went to Chicago to study Edward Shaw gomery, Ala., bus boycott, he or­ campaign when the country was defended the right of colonial peo­ at the Armour College of Engin­ ganized a Station-Wagons-to- bogged down in the Korean War ples everywhere to throw off im­ eering. The U.S. soon entered Detroit branch of the SWP. Montgomery Committee. and McCarthyism was raging at perialist domination and demanded World War II and since he was Having come to know Cuba and DeBerry is a house painter by home. The SWP slate — Dobbs withdrawal of U.S. military aid to just the right age for cannon fod­ its various ports well, Shaw went trade. He has been a union or­ and Myra Tanner Weiss — cam­ Britain and France. der he had to interrupt his edu­ back there in 1960 to see what ganizer in the South and the Mid­ paigned for the withdrawal of the In 1960, the developing struggle cation after one year of college. changes the revolution had made. west with the Farm Equipment GIs from Korea, for recognition He chose to volunteer fo r the for Negro equality and the Cuban By bus he traveled the island from union. of China, and for the defense of Revolution were the central cam­ merchant marine service because one end to the other. He returned The Socialist Workers Party ran the civil liberties of all—including “there would be more freedom in paign issues. Dobbs visited Cuba home an enthusiastic supporter of its first presidential ticket—Dobbs the Communist Party—against the to see for himself — the only U.S. it.” the Cuban Revolution and spoke, and Grace Carlson — in 1948 when McCarthyite attack. candidate to do so — and in speech There his education about mod­ showed slides and wrote about it campaigned against the cold war The 1956 presidential campaign after speech blasted the “war on ern society abruptly began. He ar­ w hat he had seen. and the witch hunt against rad- ended dramatically with the world Cuba” policy of both the Demo­ rived in Detroit to sail on the crats arid Republicans. Weiss went Great Lakes just before the June South for first-hand information 1943 anti-Negro riots. Billeted in on the student sit-ins and spoke in a hotel on Cadillac Square, he all parts of the country in support saw a white mob overturn a of the new movement. streetcar, drag out the Negro mo- Support the SWP Slate “In the 1964 campaign,” said torman and beat him to death. DeBerry after his nomination, “ the Though not yet a socialist, Shaw An Editorial believed in human equality and chief domestic issues are unem­ hated lynching. He did what he ployment and civil rights. And the In this issue we report the lic-works program: to put the un­ independent political and eco­ two cold-war, big-business parties could by helping several Negroes nomination of the Socialist Work­ employed back to work; to replace nomic power. aren’t going to produce on either elude pursuers. ers Party candidates for the 1964 the national' disgrace of slums with These candidates oppose the one. You can’t be sincere about Presidential election — Clifton attractive low-rent, public housing; Democratic and Republican drive U nion Man Freedom Now or the shorter work DeBerry for President and Edward and to build the large number of toward more restrictions on the week and support these parties of The present vice-presidential Shaw for Vice President. We urge new schools and hospitals the rights of labor and call for repeal the capitalist power structure.” nominee joined the union the first our readers to support this ticket people need. They stand for social­ of existing restrictions. They op­ day on his first ship. Thereafter in the campaign. ized medicine. They advocate a pose any restrictions on civil lib­ he was elected to the ship’s com­ These candidates stand opposed federal law for a shorter work erties, including the civil liberties iiH iiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiim iiiiiii mittee — often as ship’s delegate to the cold war and call for week and they support the unions of those with whom they disagree. — on every ship he sailed on. strengthening the test ban by the in seeking contracts with a 30- Both the Democratic and Repub­ In This Issue After a brief apprenticeship on unilateral scrapping of all nuclear hour week at 40 hours’ pay to lican parties are irrevocably con­ the Lakes, Shaw sailed deep sea. stockpiles; for the withdrawal of spread the available work. trolled by big business and are Harlem Rent He made many trips to the Car­ U.S. troops from foreign soil every­ For Freedom Now! bulwarks of the capitalist power Strike Grows ibbean — especially to Cuba. Once where; for immediate abandon­ structure nationally and of the on the Murmansk (Soviet Union) ment of the dirty war in Vietnam; The DeBerry-Shaw ticket stands white-supremacist power structure Wins Court Victory P. 2 run, 15 of 30 ships in his convoy for the recognition of and trade for Freedom Now. The candidates in the South. They are both ir­ recognize the responsibility of the were sunk. with China; and for the restoration revocably tied to the huge waste Speech by Castro Seamen are among the most of normal relations with Cuba. federal government to enforce the and danger of armaments-spend- politically advanced workers and The SWP candidates stand for 13th and 14th amendments in the ing and to the protection of privi­ Cuban Economy Gains P. 3 among them Shaw first came in an end to the military “aid” pro­ South, with well-integrated federal lege over equality and of profit contact with socialist ideas. He re­ gram which simply bolsters un­ troops or federally deputized Ne­ over peace and human rights. War in Vietnam calls hearing about the 18 SWP popular regimes in many parts of gro veterans wherever necessary The DeBerry-Shaw ticket stands leaders then in prison under the the world against their own peo­ to enforce Negro citizens’ right to for independent political action by 'Democratic' Dictators? Smith Act and feeling admiration ples. These candidates support the vote. These candidates uphold the the working class and the Negro P. 5 for people who believed so firm ly right of colonial peoples to end constitutional right of Negroes to freedom fighters. We urge our in their ideas that they would go imperialist domination of their organized self-defense against readers to uphold this principle Report on South Africa to prison for them. countries. They stand for ample racist attacks. and educate for it in this cam­ A fte r five years at sea, Shaw economic aid to developing na­ They stand for a federal fair paign. Help put the DeBerry-Shaw Nazism Flourishes P. 6 was drafted in 1948. When he got tions with no strings whatever at­ employment practices act with ticket on the ballot in the coming out of the army he went back to tached. sharp teeth in it. They stand for petition campaigns, send donations, Cleveland Rent Strike sea for a year and then settled The Socialist Workers Party the teaching of American Negro and spread the word that there is down to shoreside jobs. He worked candidates stand for the replace­ history, and of African history in an alternative to the parties of Landlords Try Gimmicks mainly in the auto industry. He ment of the vast armaments ex­ all schools. They support the right Eastland and Goldwater and as­ P. 8 was also elected organizer of the penditures by an even vaster pub- of Negroes to organize their own sorted phony liberals. iiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiutiinii P age T w o THE MILITANT Monday, January 13, 1964

COURT VICTORY A BIG BOOST Harlem Rent Strike Spreads By Leroy McRae the rent strikers precisely because the city either refuses to act or NEW YORK — Harlem’s rent strike picked up momentum with does too little , too late. a court victory Dec. 30 upholding These scandalous facts are Times the right of tenants of two tene­ known even to the editors Local 1101 of the AFL-CIO ments to refuse to pay rent to a who say: “Although repairs are Communications Workers of Amer­ landlord who furnishes neither sometimes made, many landlords ica voted to disaffiliate from the are reluctant to do more than heat nor hot water but plenty of CWA and join the International patchwork in these shabby build­ rats and other violations of the Brotherhood of Teamsters at a ings. Here is where the mayor and health and b u ild in g codes. membership meeting Dec. 21. Eight city departments come in or should Civil Court Judge Guy Gilbert thousand of the local’s 10,000 come in. The long process of com­ Ribaubo directed tenants of the members attended that meeting. buildings at 16 and 18 East 117th plaint, inspection, summons and action now often takes as much as Prior to the voting, Local 1101 St. to turn over to the court the President Henry Habel, denounced rents due the landlord. Under the six months. The fragmentation of city responsibility must be re­ CWA President Joseph A. Beirne ruling, the landlord may apply to for practicing a “so-called ‘respect­ the court for the rent money, but paired so that code violations can be met quickly.” able’ brand of unionism” which in only for use in correcting the tene­ effect made him a “collusive part­ ments violations. In other words, the august edi­ tors are saying: whereas, on the ner” of the New York Bell Tele­ Two days later, Jesse Gray, one hand, the rent strikers are phone Company. chairman of the Rent Strike Co­ wrong (“Nonpayment of rent is “If you want to get rid of the ordinating Committee, announced inexcusable” ), on the other hand, type of togetherness presented by th a t 1,500 more tenants in 109 Mayor Wagner landlords are not always right. the Beirne-Bell combine,” said buildings have decided to join the ings to increase to over 500 by And their conclusion is to have Habel, “then you have to get out strike. He attributed the spread of faith that city officials will do of the CWA.” the strike to the court victory. Feb. 1. Fear of eviction prevents many the proper thing eventually: “The Many rank and filers shouted, In court, Gray — who has had sympathetic tenants from joining only way that violations w ill be “We want Hoffa,” while the vote over ten years experience in deal­ the rent strike. Others, however, removed is for the city to let the to disaffiliate was taking place. James H offa ing with housing problems — are beginning to see that the slumlords know that it means The explanation for this is that rejected a proposal to make the spreading of the strike and mass business: embarrassing exposure after living so long under Beirne’s periods of time. The average dura­ Rent Strike Committee respon­ rallies can generate enough pres­ and economic loss.” company-minded leadership, the tion of strikes, for example, has sible for seeing that all violations sure to prevent evictions. Strikers “Mean Business” insurgent phone workers look crept steadily upward from a low are properly corrected. He said, have raised the slogan: “Evict the longingly for militant leadership of 18.5 days in 1955 to 24.6 days But it is the people of Harlem “The correction of violations is rats, not their victims.” which they think Hoffa, so long in 1962. Reports for 1963 are not who “mean business.” And, as the the landlord’s responsibility, not Jesse Gray told newsmen, “ We the legal target of the bosses and yet available but the Labor De­ rent strike is demonstrating, the the tenants’. And it’s up to the are picking up steam. This rent politicians, can furnish. partment predicts a continuation city officials only “come in” when city to enforce the rent and re­ strike is going to sweep Harlem, of this trend. the tenants themselves subject the * * * habilitation laws which protect unless, of course, landlords here * * * slumlords to “embarrassing expo­ M ike Quill, president of the tenants from the inhuman and il­ make an about-face and start fix­ Unplanned automation, it is sure and economic loss.” Transport Workers Union was giv­ legal neglect by landlords.” ing up their propierties.” generally known, results in chron­ To push the rent-strike cam­ For example, a front-page story en a great deal of publicity when ic unemployment. Another effect is Potentially Explosive paign a second mass ra lly is in the Dec. 30 issue of the same he agreed to a new contract with that those workers who remain on scheduled for 3 p.m. Sunday, Jan. Already the power structure of paper announces: “ Intensified At­ the New York City Transit Au­ the job in automated industries 12, at Dunledy Milbank Children’s New York City recognizes the tack on Harlem Slums Is Planned thority averting a New Year’s Day still have to fight to maintain Center, 32 West 118th Street. potential explosiveness of the by City.” In it one reads that “the strike. The big-business press por­ wages and conditions. An exam­ Featured speakers w ill include: Harlem rent strike. An authorita­ city’s intensified drive probably trayed him as having again won ple is a strike by 145 members of John Lewis, chairman of the Stu­ tive spokesman for the ruling would include a demand for jail substantial gains for transit work­ Local 9-691 O il Chemical and dent Nonviolent Coordinating class, the New York Times, gave terms and higher fines for offend­ ers by bluffing about a major Atomic workers against Irving Committee; authors James Bald­ its response in a Dec. 26 edi­ ing landlords, a speed-up of city transportation strike. Refinery, Ltd., Saint John, Can­ win and John O. Killens; and New torial, which began: actions to seize and repair ne­ On Jan. 6, however, 1,000 rank- ada. glected buildings, more frequent York City NAACP President Rich­ “The rent strike building up a and-file transit workers picketed The union says the refinery re-inspections of buildings and is ard Hildebrand. head of steam in some Harlem the union’s headquarters, demand­ probably one of the most autom­ broader efforts to inform tenants Also participating in the rally slum areas uses methods that can­ ing to know just what they got out ated in North America but the of their rights and duties.” w ill be Congressman Adam Clay­ not be condoned to eliminate hous­ of the settlement. They said that workers there received 75 cents W hat irony! O nly a m onth ago ton Powell; Leon Davis, president ing abuses th a t cannot be ignored. to them the contract was for the an hour less than average refinery city agencies of the Wagner ad­ o f H ospital W orkers Local 1199; The answer to better housing con­ most part a “secret” and that they workers. Their fringe benefits ministration were claiming that all Alice Carneigie, of the East Har­ ditions is not the anarchy and were opposed to a closed mail-in were also at least 35 cents an hour of these things were being done; lem Triangle Association; Anna lawlessness implied in a rent strike ballot to ratify it until they were below the average. Hedgeman, lecturer; and the Re­ but the strict enforcement of the that there was no need for “a sure what they were voting on. The company has forced the verends Eugene Adair and O’Clay speed-up of city actions” or “broad­ Building Code.” Some pickets caried signs say­ men to remain on the picket line Maxwell, Jr. This counterposing of “the er efforts.” It is only under the ing, “Quill Sold Us Out.” Others for three months. It has imported The success of the H arlem rent anarchy and lawlessness” of a rent impact of the rent strike that argued that eleven-cents-an-hour savage dogs from Montreal — pur­ strike thus far means that about strike to “strict enforcement of reluctant city officials are being raise for the first year of the two- portedly to protect company prop­ 2,250 tenants in 167 buildings are the Building Code” is designed to forced to act. Harlem residents year contract was not enough. erty — at the cost of $125 a week committed to withholding rent obscure from the public the es­ have refuted the city’s claim that Most were bitter about not getting per dog. The union comments that to taling approxim ately $90,000 a sential aim of the rent strike — enough was being done by doing the shorter work week ballyhooed not many Irving workers received month. Rent-strike organizers ex­ restoration of law and the elimina­ more themselves. by Quill before and during nego­ that much in wages. pect the number of struck build- tion of anarchy in housing. The Not Just Harlem tiations. They acused him of turn­ * * * “anarchy and lawlessness” origin­ Slum conditions in New York ing “chicken” in not defying a The average income for Amer­ ates with, and rests squarely on, extend far beyond Harlem. This court injunction and striking for ican fam ilies in 1962 was $6,000 the slumlords who ignore the legal makes the example of the present this demand. according to recent Census Bu­ health-and-safety standards, not on rent strike a tremendous danger Quill and other TWU leaders reau figures. This is $268 less than the victimized tenants who seek for those who own and run the avoided a confrontation with the what the Community Council of removal of these violations. city. In New York’s five boroughs pickets by closing the union of­ (The rate for advertising in this col­ the City of New York considers some 900,000 people live in 43,000 fices ahead of schedule. umn is 40 cents a line. Display ads are Anarchy Persists adequate for a family of four to $2 a column inch. There is a ten per “Old Law” tenements, all built Anarchy persists in the black * * * maintain a low — to — moderate cent discount for regular advertisers. before 1902 and many built in the ghetto because both landlords and About 50 pickets protested a standard of living. Advertising must reach us by the Mon­ 1880’s. They should have been city officials place property rights benefit premiere opening of a new According to the Industrial day prior to the date of publication.) condemned decades ago. T heir not only above human rights, but Bunny Club in Detroit on Dec. 26. Union Department (AFL-CIO) repair and maintenance are neces­ CHICAGO above the law as well. The land­ Local 705 of the Hotel and Res­ November B u lle tin , “ 8.3 m illio n sary as temporary expedients as THS CHICAGO GHETTO — Fact and lords insist that rent must be paid taurant Employes and Bartenders fam ilies in the $10,000 and u p long as people live in them, but Fiction. Speaker, Howard Sievers. Fri„ for their property even though its Union which organized the dem­ group, and the nearly 10 million new low-rent housing must be Jan. 17, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, 302 South dangerous, insanitary and rat-in­ onstration said it was opposing more in the $7,000-$10,000 bracket Canal St. Room 210. Ausp. Friday Night erected to replace them. The basic fested conditions is in open viola­ the club’s no-wage policy. give the nation an appearance of Socialist Forum. cure for this city’s slums are not tion of the law. Both landlords glitter and affluence. This afflu­ • renovation teams but demolition Instead, the union charged, the and city officials ignore regula­ ence continues to hide abject DETROIT teams. scantily clad waitresses — called tions established by the Rent bunnies — must rely exclusively poverty, absolute misery and m il­ America's Program for War. An an­ and Rehabilitation Administration. But private industry has built on tips. One picket, Mrs. Gloria lions of families that barely get alysis of current U.S. military tactics by Both serve to perpetuate the no low-rent units here since be­ by.” Richard Roberts, former editor Sanity McPherson, expressed her indigna­ “ anarchy in housing” called slums. fore World War II. The free en­ tion by dressing as an angel and One economist, Leon Keyserling, magazine. Fri., Jan. 17, 8 p.m. Debs Hall, terprisers are only interested in 3737 Woodward. Ausp. Friday, Night The Harlem rent strikers are carrying a sign reading, “I’m No says there are 77 million Amer­ putting up luxury and middle-in- Socialist Forum. demanding that the city take over Angel But I Protest Women Be­ icans in the poverty stricken or • all buildings on strike. A 1962 re­ come housing. Only public housing ing Called Bunnies.” deprived categories. ceivership law authorizes the city can provide decent homes for the MINNEAPOLIS to take over buildings and make people with low incomes. The union said it planned to TOM MORGAN, Indiana student fac­ necessary repairs — the cost com­ The spread of the rent strike, bring out 1,000 trade unionists to ing jail for his socialist views, speaks on picket the later formal opening of Can Academic Freedom Be Preserved? ing from the rents; then the build­ the increasing publicity about it, ings are returned to their owners. its court victory, and its effect on the club. Fri., Jan. 17, 8:30 p.m. 704 Hennepin * * * Ave., Hall 240. Ausp. Friday Night So­ In addition, the Rent Commission city officials show the impact Yours for the Asking cialist Forum. has the power to reduce rents made by this action which originat­ There were fewer hours lost • where landlords fail to furnish ed in Harlem. It has this city’s as a result of strikes in 1963 than For boots and pamphlets on Cuba, N E W YORK legally required services. Rent power structure on the run. in any year since 1946 according the Freedom Now struggle, the labor to the U.S. Labor Department. THE SOCIAL CRISIS IN VENEZUE­ strikers are demanding that rents The rent strikers are saying: movement, socialist theory, send for LA. A report by Peter Camejo, national be cut to $1 in such buildings. “No More — But More Now!” By Only 1,030,000 workers participat­ a free copy of our catalogue. secretary Young Socialist Alliance, re­ The receivership law, rent re­ this they mean: no more slums or ed in work stoppages, compared to cently returned from Veneuela. Fri., Jan. ductions, as well as heavy fines, slumlords, no more promises of 1,230,000 in 1962, the previous low 17, 8:30 p.m. Contrib. $1. Ausp. Militant are weapons which city officials repairs and services; but more year. PIONEER PUBLISHERS Labor Forum. could utilize against slumlords not tenants to join the strike NOW, The report indicates also that * * * 116 University Place furnishing services or making re­ more low-rent housing NOW, and bosses have got tougher in forcing M ARK LANE on Unanswered Ques­ New York 3, N. Y, tions in the Oswald Case. Jan. 24 at pairs. Nonpayment of rent has more actual repairs and services those workers who have gone on Henry Hudson Hotel. been resorted to as a weapon by NOW. strikes to remain out for longer Monday, January 13, 1964 THE MILITANT Page T h re e Oswald Case Used in Smear SPEECH BY FIDEL CASTRO Of Indicted Indiana Students ‘5 Years of Resistance to U.S. Imperialism’ By George Saunders By Harry Ring been declining, thus compelling the There was considerable indigna­ A giant rally in Havana’s Plaza U.S. to apply a fu rth e r trade tion throughout the country over de la Revolucidn, celebrating the squeeze. the John Birch Society’s attempt fifth anniversary of the Cuban Citing Japan as an example, he to exploit President Kennedy’s as­ Revolution, heard Premier Fidel said it spent $2 billion a year in sassination for ultra-right politics Castro deliver a fascinating speech the U.S. while the U.S. spent only and to stir up a witch hunt. The Jan. 2 on Cuba’s economic situa­ $1 billion in Japan. This compels Birchers’ full-page newspaper ads tion, its increasingly favorable Japan to sell to other countries asserted without foundation that position in the world market, and in order to meet the U.S. demand the assassination was part of a its excellent prospects for signifi­ for dollars to meet the trade “ Communist conspiracy.” cant economic advances. deficit. Equally outrageous, though less The speech im parted a sense Since Cuba is no longer caught publicized nationally, is a similar of the revolution’s tremendous in the U.S. economic net it does attempt by reactionary Indiana achievement in staying firm ly in not have this problem. Thus, he newspapers to use the assassina­ power during five years of un­ explained, when Japan buys sugar tion to whip up witch-hunt prej­ relenting U.S. efforts to destroy it. from Cuba, Cuba can use the dol­ udices in the Bloomington case, in To accomplish this near-mira­ lars received to buy goods in Ja­ which three Indiana University culous feat, Castro explained, Fidel Castro pan. This has put Cuba in a good students face trial under a state Cuba’s entire social and economic position in securing trade agree­ sedition law. structure had to be transformed. sugar and agricultural products ments. So, despite the tremendous Ralph Levitt, 25, James Bing­ And as this anti-capitalist trans­ are in general demand and com­ U.S. pressure, Cuba’s trade with ham, 25, and Tom Morgan, 22, of­ formation progressed, he added, mand a good price on the world the rest of the world is steadily ficers of the IU chapter of the so too was the mentality of the market. growing. Young Socialist Alliance, a nation­ people transformed into one of The U.S. decision of 1960 to cut This, in turn, has resulted in a wide youth group, were indicted deepest revolutionary conscious­ off Cuba’s sugar quota, he said, steady improvement of Cuba’s July 18 on trumped-up charges of ness. has boomeranged. The embargo economic situation, the Cuban pre­ assembling to advocate violent But, he added, “In the midst of forced Cuba for the first time to mier reported. In 1963 it expanded overthrow of the governments of Daniel T. Taylor III our legitimate revolutionary pride sell sugar on the world market its trade over 1962 and in 1964 it the U.S. and Indiana. They face and of our legitimate revolution­ and it found itself establishing anticipates that its exports w ill be up to six years, if convicted, under Indiana papers also played up ary satisfaction for what the new trade relations at a time of a w o rth $750 m illio n , an increase o f the McCarthy-era Indiana Com­ Hoadley’s statements that the YSA Cuban people accomplished, we sharp rise in the price of sugar. $200,000,000 over 1963. munism Act of 1951. and Fair Play at IU were “inter­ must keep in mind that the Cuban Thus, even though production was Cuba’s present national reserves, As a clear attempt to stifle free changeable,” a further effort to revolution was possible only be­ lower last year, Cuba’s income he disclosed, are now more than expression of ideas on campus, the bring down on the defendants all cause of the new conditions exist­ from the sale of sugar was sub­ $100,000,000 as compared to $70,- case has aroused much concern in the odium connected with Ken­ ing in the world. stantial. 000,000 when th e revolution came the nation’s colleges. Some three nedy’s murder. “The Cuban revolution is part to power. hundred academic and intellectual of the very powerful movement of Expand Production Thus in the Dec. 13 Indianapolis With the growth of foreign figures have declared support of liberation of the oppressed peo­ With mechanization, he report­ News, ultra-right editor M. Stan­ trade and the increase of produc­ the defendants. Now the attempt ples, of the exploited and colon­ ed, Cuba has every realistic pros­ ton Evans strained to involve the tion in Cuba, he went on, it is now to smear the defendants with the ized peoples. Our revolution is part pect of sharply expanding its sugar student defendants in an elaborate possible for the country to look odium of President Kennedy’s as­ of that very powerful world rev­ production. He added that Cuba and sinister-sounding “web of in­ forward to a reversal of the pres­ sassination gives the case even olutionary movement that started does not intend to engage in terlocking connections” including ent inflationary process. It is greater importance as a test of with the historic revolution of the speculative practices and stands the Communist Party, and the Fair planned not to issue any new civil liberties. workers and farmers of the Soviet ready to negotiate long-term sales Play for Cuba Committee, “ in view money in 1964 and actually to take On Nov. 29, a week after the as­ Union — the revolution of Lenin pacts with interested countries at of Oswald’s self-proclaimed mem­ some $70 million out of circula­ sassination, the Bloomington D aily — the revolution of Marx and prices well below those currently bership in ‘Fair Play.’” tion. Herald-Telephone contrived a way Engels.” prevailing. However, he emphasized, th e to artificially “link” the defend­ Defendant Tom Morgan and De­ Cuba has good prospects for ex­ fate of the Cuban economy is in­ fense Attorney Daniel T. Taylor Arm s Cost ants with the Dallas events. Dis­ panding its world trade, Castro timately tied to the prospect fo r III of Lousville, Ky., held a press cussing the completely unrelated Despite the drain of being com­ said, because the U.S. embargo is w o rld peace. On this overriding conference in Bloomington Dec. 13 statements of Prosecutor Thomas pelled to remain on the military not proving nearly as effective as issue he had this to say: to expose these prejudicial smears. A. Hoadley as to when the case alert, he said, the revolution has its designers intended. The world-wide sentiment fo r Morgan, who had just completed would be tried, the paper wrote succeeded in raising the standard of One reason for this, he said, is peace has grown stronger and “ Hoadley said the correspondence a tour of the West and Southwest liv in g fo r the masses of people. He that the U.S. is using its attempt­ there have been encouraging steps where he addressed some 30 col­ from Boudin [Leonard B. Boudin, cited a Dec. 31 New York Times ed ban on trade with Cuba as the toward the lessening of East-West lege audiences, refuted Hoadley’s constitutional attorney for the de­ editorial which conceded that in pretext for cutting into the ship­ tension. And President Johnson assertions that the YSA and Fair fendants, whose correspondence Cuba today, “A ll children are re­ ping business of other countries. has made some official declarations Play at IU were “interchange­ concerned the trial date] came be­ ceiving some education, the ma­ (Lines that permit any of their in favor of peace. He cited John­ able.” fore the assassination of President jority are being well fed and well ships to go to Cuba are barred son’s New Year’s message to Kennedy by a southern leader of Attorney Taylor denounced at­ cared for, regardless of how poor from handling U.S.-financed car­ Khrushchev and declared: the Fair Play for Cuba group in tempts to link the defendants with their parents may be.” go.) He pointed to the recent joint which the defendants held mem­ the assassination as neither “eth­ Underscoring the profound im­ protest by eleven major countries A Reservation bership . . ical, proper or fair.” He warned plications of this admission, Castro against U.S. efforts to control their “This is certainly a declaration The Indiana Daily Student, the such smears could lead to a request asked: “The fact that they say shipping activities. of peace. I t could be called an campus paper controlled by the for a change of venue for the that all children are generally well “In other words,” Castro said, encouraging declaration of peace. Department of Journalism, printed trial. “Neither I nor Mr. Boudin fed regardless of how poor their “this is part of a policy. Using But we have our reservations. Un­ a similar irrelevant comment are going to allow these defend­ parents may be — of how many Cuba as a pretext, they are trying fortunately we have to insert a about the date of the correspond­ ants to be libeled by the press,” countries in the world can this be to replace the shipping lines of ‘but’ . . . He says it is time to speak ence. The only purpose served was Taylor declared. “And we are not said? those other countries by their own less and do more in fa vo r of peace. to drag the assassination into the going to try the assassination of “How have we managed to do ships in trade between those coun­ But only a few days ago, on the local case. President John Fitzgerald Kennedy this and how have we had to do tries and the United States.” eve of Dec. 24, C IA agents c rim - The Herald-Telephone and other in Bloomington.” it? Under what conditions? Be­ And this is but part of a larger inaly shed Cuban blood.” cause the imperialists speak of pattern of U.S. efforts to impose Castro went on to describe how their Alliance for Progress and its w ill on the rest of the world. a group of saboteurs had planted they complain every day that it U.S. big business, he explained, an explosive charge on the hull of Relief Committee Appeals Ban does not progress. They speak of is bent on achieving the economic a Cuban Navy ship killing three their Alliance for Progress and isolation of the non-capitalist of its crewmen and wounding 17. On Shipment of Milk to Cuba they have been able to do nothing world. It is trying to isolate a bil­ “And since the CIA doesn’t op­ like this and yet there is no other lion people in China, Cuba and erate on its own account,” he em­ NEW YORK, Jan. 6 — The however had permitted food ship­ country of America on which other countries where it bars trade. phasized, “since the CIA acts on Emergency Committee for Disas­ ments to Cuba for humanitarian there weighs an economic blockade But the other capitalist countries, behalf of the United States, w e in need of markets, are unwilling ter Relief to Cuba has formally reasons and that U.S. Ambassador like the one maintained against have the right to say that Presi­ challenged the U.S. Commerce De­ us; there is not another country to accept these curbs and engage dent Johnson is responsible for Adlai Stevenson, speaking in the the partment’s ruling that shipping in America whose trade . . . has in such trade. This, in turn, in­ blood of our young comrades shed powdered milk to Cuba is “con­ United Nations last October, had been blocked by the United creases their gold reserves at a there. trary to the national interest.” The expressed “deepest sympathy” to States . . . time when the U.S. reserves have “And we therefore have the Committee planned a shipment of the Cuban people affected by the “There is no other country in right to tell him,” he continued, 3,500 pounds of powdered m ilk to hurricane, on behalf of the Ameri­ America where the imperialists “that it is time to talk less and do Havana’s Hospital Nacional in or­ can government and the American have spent hundreds of millions Bus Deal Expands more fo r peace.” der to relieve a shortage caused people. of dollars to carry out acts of Turning to the U.S. world role, by the October hurricane, which “It cannot be contrary to the sabotage, burn sugar cane, destroy Cuban Trade Castro declared: substantially damaged the Cuban national interest to provide milk factories, commit crimes, carry out Fidel Castro’s assertion that “We wish peace. Peace here in dairy herd. to those who need it,” the Com­ pirate raids, invasion, subversive Cuba is gaining in foreign Cuba and peace also in South The Committee, whose sponsors mittee argued. “It is not our way activities, espionage. trade was given added Vietnam, where there are 15,000 Include Nobel laureate Dr. Linus to visit revenge upon children for “There hasn’t been one country weight, to the chagrin of U.S. American soldiers — where thou­ Pauling and whose initiating spon­ our disagreements with their gov­ where they have done that and sands of U.S. mercenaries are officials in charge of enforc­ sors are Mrs. Ava Helen Pauling, ernment and to make them pawns yet there hasn’t been the change, bombing the Vietnamese popula­ Carleton Beals, and Waldo Frank, in a political conflict.” the quick, extraordinary advance ing the embargo, when Bri­ tion, murdering Vietnamese pea­ has urged the Appeals Board of Since its formation last October, that has taken place in Cuba.” tain announced Jan. 7 the sants, workers and patriots. the Department of Commerce to the Emergency Committee has sent It is precisely because Cuba has sale to Cuba of 450 buses “Let not a single nation be ex­ reverse the ruling of the Depart­ ten shipments of medical relief made such astonishing advances in and spare parts for more cluded from the right to peace,” ment’s Office of International supplies to Cuba from contribu­ the face of these obstacles, he than $12 million. the revolutionary leader declared. Trade. tions sent to the Committee from noted, that led Washington to The British Leyland Motor “ . . . if the U.S. imperialists be­ In the appeal submitted Jan. 2 all over the country. The Commit­ erect a wall around Cuba in the lieve that there can be peace . . . Corp. w ill sell Cuba 400 city by Chairman Sidney J. Gluck, tee responded to Castro’s public form of the ban on travel there. while in small countries they are New York businessman, and Attor­ appeal for the help of sympathetic In part, Castro explained, Cuba’s buses and 50 long-distance shedding the blood of other peo­ ney Basil R. Pollitt, the Commit­ American individuals, as opposed progress has been due to certain buses, allowing Cuba five ples, this is not a peaceful con­ tee charges that the Commerce to and from the U.S. Gov­ natural advantages. Other coun­ years’ credit on the deal. The cept. . . . Each country must de­ Department ruling is itself con­ ernment which had made offers tries have developed consumer in­ company w ill establish an of­ cide its own destiny freely by it­ trary to the national interest. whose hypocrisy is further borne dustries where the products are fice and repair facilities in self, choose its own path freely by It states that both President out by the ban on the milk ship­ constantly chasing after a limited Cuba. itself. This is an indispensable Kennedy and President Eisen- ment. number of customers, but Cuban condition for world peace.” Page F o u r THE MILITANT Monday, January 13, 1964

BOOK REVIEW the MILITANT A Valuable Report on Latin America Editor: JOSEPH HANSEN

Managing Editor: GEOKOE LA VAN Business Manager: KAROL YN KERRY T h e M a n a t t h e D o o r W i t h t h e Published weekly, except during July and August when published bi-weekly, Gu n . By Cedric Belfrage. New by The Militant Publishing Ass’n., lie University PL, New York 3, N.Y. Phone York: Monthly Review Press, CH 3-2140. Second-class postage paid at New York, N.Y. Subscription: $3 a year; 253 pp., $4.50. Canadian, $3.50; foreign, $4.50. Signed articles by contributors do not necessarily Unlike many recent books about represent The Militant’s views. These are expressed In editorials. Latin America, Cedric Belfrage’s narrative on the countries he visit­ V ol. 28 - No. 2 SAN FRANCISCO. Militant Labor For­ W oodward. TEm ple 1-8135. um meets second and fourth Fridays at affairs of Latin nations. THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE a review by Evelyn Reed of Betty Pioneer Book Store, 1488 Fulton St. Frondizi laid bare Peron’s plans W E 1-9967. Friedan's sensational critique of American women and the forces LOS ANGELES. Socialist Workers Par­ for concessions to Standard Oil, ty , 1702 East Fo u rth St. A N 9-4953 or molding the character of bourgeois women within the cultural en­ ST. L O U IS . Phone M ain 1-2669. Ask for which prepared to capitalize on WE 5-9238. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. daily Dick Clarke. and Saturday. Argentina’s capital-starved nation­ vironment, created by our "affluent society." SAN DIEGO. San Diego Labor Forum, alized oil industry. But although MILWAUKEE. 150 E. Juneau Ave. P.O. Box 1581, San Diego 12, C alif. For Send 50 cents for a copy labor and socialist books. Sign of the Peron had prepared to give Stand­ or $1.50 for a one-year subscription MINNEAPOLIS. Socialist Workers Party Sun Books, 4705 College Ave. ard Oil exclusive rights over 83 and Labor Book Store, 704 Hennepin INTERNATIONAL SOCIALIST REVIEW A ve., H a ll 240. FEderal 2-7781. Open 1 S E A T T L E . 8815 5th N .E . L ib ra ry , book, times the maximum area permitted to 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, Sat­ store. Open 12 noon to 5 p.m. Saturdays. 116 Univedsity PI., New York 3, N.Y. urday, 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Phone M E 2-7449. by law, Frondizi immediately gave Monday, January 13, 1964 THE MILITANT Page F iv e US Urges Vietnam Generals Her Charcoal Was a Freedom Sword To Adopt ‘Democratic’ Pose A Tribute to Laura Gray By Art Preis By Steve Graham [On Jan. 11, 1958, we suffered Official U.S. policy on South the crowd . . . Now and again Gen. a grievous loss with the death of Vietnam , echoed in the U.S. press, Minh would ask members of the our talented, beloved staff car­ is trying to make it appear that crowd what they wanted the gov­ toonist Laura Gray. In commemo­ D iem ’s successors are running a ernment to do for them. But they ration of the fifth anniversary of popular, democratic government. appeared too astonished at being her death we are printing the text This is mainly for home consump­ asked such a question to reply.” of a tribute to Laura by her long­ tion. The American people had Some of those in the crowd did time associate on the paper, A rt begun to ask why GIs’ lives and have something that “ they wanted Preis. It was delivered to a ban­ $1.5 million a day in U.S. tax the government to do for them.” quet in New York last month cel­ dollars were going to support a “Members of the crowd,” Smith ebrating the 35th anniversary of despotic regime like Diem’s. reports, “were surreptitiously cir­ the founding of our paper.] One of the purposes of Secre­ culating small petitions calling for tary of Defense McNamara’s re­ the removal of Nguyen Ngoc Tho, * * * premier of the new government. cent trip to Saigon was to en­ I consider myself one of the courage the military junta there Colonialists’ Friend luckiest persons alive. to look more “democratic.” Mc­ Tho, who was vice president un­ For the past 30 years I have Namara delivered a personal note der Diem and notorious as a col­ been privileged to know and work from President Johnson which laborator with every foreign with the finest selection of people urged the new government to regime — French, Japanese and in this world. rally popular support and praised now American, has been the ob­ I mean the fighters for the so­ its efforts at reconciliation with ject of widespread attack since cialist emancipation of humanity. tw o religious sects, whose armed the generals made him titular head Their voice, their educator, or­ followers had been put down of the new government. Opposi­ ganizer and inspirer in our gen­ early in Diem’s regime. Making tion to him as premier has been eration has been our weekly, The peace w ith these sects has been expressed by Buddhist and stu­ M ilita n t. FALL IN! That was the caption on this 1951 New Year’s cartoon played up as an important step dent opponents of Diem from the I wish I could tell you about toward winning popular support. very beginning. Two newspapers each and every one I have worked by Laura Gray. It was a Korean War year. Not long after McNamara’s trip, that attacked Tho were suppressed with on our socialist paper. Almost Gen. Duong Van Minh, head of in early December by the present without exception, they have I couldn’t see that we had come Laura’s cartoons that distinguished the junta, accompanied by U.S. government. shared the qualities of devotion, up with anything to work on. her from all of the political car­ Ambassador Lodge and Vietnam The latest expression of increas­ generosity, warm-heartedness, self- But let me tell you. She stayed toonists for the capitalist press. In government dignitaries, made a ing opposition to Tho came at the sacrifice. up all n ig h t and the next day she her depiction of real people — trip to receive an oath of alle­ Buddhist convention of Dec. 31- But I must lim it myself to just came in with a cartoon. It was a heads of state, generals, legisla­ giance from the Cao Dai religious Jan. 3, called to forge Buddhist one person, our lovely Laura Gray, sensation. Humorous, pointed, tors, witch-hunters, labor bureau­ sect at a widely-publicized rally. groups which opposed Diem into who died Jan. 15, 1958. powerful, convincing — and a crats, all the rulers and their This publicity stunt was also a stronger social arid political Laura’s contribution was unique beautifully composed piece of art. hangers-on during World War II, billed as the opening of a “barn­ force. and as yet we have found no one When the paper was distributed, the Korean War, the Cold War — storming” tour to rally popular From the top of the Saigon to replace her. the workers cut out her cartoon Laura seldom resorted to carica­ support in the provinces. pagoda, where the convention was She was our staff cartoonist. and pasted it all over the plant. ture. She did not use the device Human Approach meeting, hundreds of leaflets de­ She is the only woman political That was something we learned of distorting physical features, of nouncing Tho were thrown to the cartoonist I can recall. And she exaggerating the nose or the “I know from my own experi­ about Laura’s cartoons later on surrounding crowds. The leaflets was the best, the most powerful, when she was on The Militant m outh or the eyes. They were al­ ence in Vietnam,” said President called on the generals to remove political cartoonist, I believe, of staff. They had universal appeal ways honest portraits which some­ Johnson in his message to the Tho and his entire “provisional our time. She was our pride. to the workers. They were picked how caught the essential political junta, “how warmly the Vietna­ government” and to turn the In July 1942, after my first up and reproduced in workers’ and social character of those por­ mese people respond to a direct power over to “real patriots.” A stint on the M ilita n t staff, I went papers all over the world. trayed. I stress this because Laura human approach and how they spokesman for the Buddhist lead­ to the Chicago Socialist Workers represented in herself and in her have hungered for this in their ership, addressing the crowds, Party local as an organizer. At We had often talked while I was w o rk the deepest essence of our leaders.” was careful to say that the Bud­ my Chicago debut, as I was being working on the paper before I movement and what The Militant went to Chicago about what a good Gen. Minh rather reluctantly dhists neither approved nor dis­ introduced by the chairman, I saw has always stood for — devotion political cartoonist would do for tried out the Texas politician’s approved the leaflet. Laura for the first time. She was to the truth, the exact tru th . The Militant. And I am very proud notion of “a direct human ap­ The U.S.-backed junta’s sup­ sitting in the last seat against the of the fact that when I saw Extol Her Example proach” at the Cao Dai rally. Gen. posed patching-up of differences rear wall. I must admit I didn’t Laura’s first cartoon there in Minh was “initially stiff and w ith tw o religious sects is of lit ­ think of her as an artist and cer­ I have chosen to speak about Chicago, a feeling of elation came stony-faced as he moved through tle more than propaganda value. tainly not as a cartoonist. She Laura on this historic occasion of over me. I thought, “At last, we our 35th anniversary not only to the crowd,” correspondent Hedrick But if an open conflict arises with seemed so pale and fragile, I have a cartoonist for The M ili­ Sm ith w rote in the Dec. 28 New the Buddhists over Premier Tho thought immediately: “I wonder memorialize her, to keep her tant.” York Times. “By the end of his or over any other issue, all the if that poor girl is getting enough memory green, but to extol her three-hour visit, he had relaxed questions the American public had to eat.” I won’t detail all the talking, moral example to the youth. scheming, planning, finagling and I am hoping that among the somewhat and was smiling, gin­ begun to ask about U.S. support Talented Sculptor gerly shaking hands and making for Diem’s tyranny will be re­ conniving I did just to get Laura young people coming to socialism political chitchat with members of vived full force. After the meeting we were in­ to New York. But finally in Jan­ we will find devoted and gifted troduced and I learned she was uary 1944, after I had returned persons like Laura who w ill bring a sculptor, teaching at the A rt In­ to The Militant staff, Laura came their talents and training to our stitute of Chicago, one of the great to New York “just for a visit.” great cause. First Amendment Defendant museums of the world. Do you know it took me almost There is a saying, “Everyone Later I learned that she had four months and a change of edi­ fights with the weapon he has.” been bedridden for years with tors to get Laura’s first cartoon Laura’s weapon was just a little Wins Reversal of Conviction tuberculosis. published? Who ever heard of a piece of charcoal. But what a Those of you who were priv­ woman cartoonist? The credit mighty sword it became in her A contempt of Congress convic­ U.S. Supreme Court, Shelton ileged to know Laura w ill recall goes to W illia m Warde who had hand in the fight for equality and tion of newspaperman Robert Shel­ maintained that his subpoena as what a quiet, self-effacing person just become acting editor. He ac­ justice. ton was overturned on technical a witness arose from mistaken this brilliant, gifted woman was. cepted Laura’s first cartoon for grounds Dec. 30 in the U.S. Court identity and that the subcommit­ But when it came to principles, publication. It was a triumph. It of Appeals for the District of Co­ tee’s questions violated constitu­ she was fearless. seemed to transform the entire lumbia. Shelton, a former copy tional guarantees of freedom of I remember she was usually the paper. editor for the New York Times, the press. MUST READING first to volunteer for M ilita n t dis­ And, in fact, we quickly adopted was convicted in 1957 for declin­ The court opinion, written by tributions. She insisted on going the policy of building the front­ ing to answer, when asked whe­ Judge J. Skelly Wright, held sim­ out in near-zero weather to cir­ page layout around her weekly ther he was a member of the ply that Shelton’s rights had been culate the paper at the industrial cartoon. Communist Party, on the grounds violated by a misapplication of plants. And she was so fra il you’d As a w rite r myself, I didn’t go The Road of the First Amendment. the subcommittee’s subopena pro­ think the first puff of wind would much for the theory that a pic­ In a two-to-one decision, the cedure. It had issued a subpoena blow her away. And they don’t ture is worth a thousand words. court skirted the broad constitu­ for a Willard Shelton and when call Chicago the Windy City for But in Laura’s case I was glad To Revolution tional issue, avoiding an opinion no such person could be found nothing. to recognize the exception. on the “awesome task” of clarify­ it haled Robert Shelton before Laura’s great gift for political I sometimes get a feeling of ing the rights of newspapermen it and tried to grill him. cartooning was revealed almost by guilt when I think about Laura. In Latin America before Congressional investigating chance. A group of CIO auto un­ At the end of our staff meeting committees. Original Conviction ion militants in the Studebaker each week we would toss around Shelton’s original conviction Shelton’s original conviction for war plant asked me to help them suggestions for a cartoon — and grew out of a 1956 hearing of the contempt was voided in June 1962 put out a shop paper. I agreed. most of them were pretty awful. BY FIDEL CASTRO Senate Internal Security Subcom­ by the U.S. Supreme Court. The In the course of laying out the But she would go home and mittee, then investigating alleged Justice Department, however, had paper I wanted some illustrations transmute this crude ore into a “Communist influences” in the him reindicted and he was again to dress it up. I thought, “Oh, if thing of beauty, expressiveness Complete text of major policy press. Through the seven years of convicted last March. After the we could only have a good car­ and power that could move to subsequent litigation, including Dec. 30 reversal of that convic­ toon.” I wanted something that laughter, to tears, to anger and speech delivered on tenth an­ two trials and an appeal to the tion, the Justice Department stated would catch the eye of the worker indignation. But it didn’t come merely that it was “too early to niversary of the historic July 26 quickly and make an effective easy for her. She stayed up all tell” whether it would exercise its point at a glance. night. She agonized over it. She attack on Fort Moncada. power to have the case reviewed Since Laura was the only per­ was never satisfied with her own How Cuba Uprooted by the full nine-member appeals son I knew who could draw, I work. court or would seek to carry the asked her if she would help us She turned out masterpiece after 50 cents Race Discrimination case up to the Supreme C ourt out. Now, Laura was a top-rank­ masterpiece that we would just By Harry Ring again. ing artist whose work was in the glow over. And — it’s a funny According to the Dec. 31 New collection of the A rt Institute. But thing — whenever we started to PIONEER PUBLISHERS 16 pages 15 cents York Times, court observers ex­ she didn’t think she had the knack express our admiration for her 116 University Place Pioneer Publishers pect that this decision w ill prob­ for cartooning. Still she was eager latest cartoon, she would bow her 116 University Place ably end the Justice Department’s to help the workers. So we chewed head and drift quietly from the New York 3, N. Y. New York 3. N. Y. attempts to convict this particular over various ideas and she said room. First Amendment defendant. she’d go and work at it, although There is one quality about P age S ix THE MILITANT Monday, January 13, 1964 What South African Negroes Face Racist Regime Reeks of Nazi Origins By Ilizwi Lesizwe When he became editor of Die accused Die Transvaler of falsify­ Transvaler in 1937, D r. Verwoerd Inaugurating a South African ing news in support of Nazi Air Force war memorial in Pre­ wrote a long article on “ the Jewish propaganda and generally acting problem” proposing the introduc­ toria two months ago, State Presi­ as a tool of the enemy. Verwoerd tion of a quota system for Jews dent G. R. Swart alleged that brought a libel action, but lost in all occupations and professions. African peoples for whose safety his case, the judge rem arking: “ He In 1940 the Transvaal Nationalist South African pilots had died in did support Nazi propaganda, he party formally excluded Jews World War II were now planning did make his paper a tool of the from membership. to attack the Republic of South Nazis in South Africa, and he Africa. To appreciate to the full Many of the smaller fascist or­ knew it.” the cynicism of this remark it is ganizations were later merged in The Nationalists pinned all worthwhile recalling that the the Nationalist party and their their hopes on a Nazi victory. “ The leaders like Von Moltke and white South African Nationalists whole future of Afrikanderdom is Weichardt given seats in the South took Hitler’s side in the war and dependent on a German victory,” African parliament, where they sit prayed for a Hitler victory. More said B. J. Schoeman, the present than that, many Nationalist lead­ today. Minister of Railways, at a Na­ ers openly espoused the Nazi During the early days of the tionalist party congress in 1940. philosophy, which they absorbed war the Nationalists thought their Eric Louw declared in Fraser- so thoroughly that it remains the great moment had arrived, and burg in 1942: “If Germany wins, basis of their apartheid policy to they prepared for the seizure of Dr. Malan w ill have the majority the present day. power. The Afrikaans organiza­ and Hitler w ill then have to nego­ When Hitler’s star was in the tion, “ Ossewabrandwag,” in which tiate with the one who has the ascendant during the 1930s, a rash the present Minister of Justice, B. majority, and the heaviest burden of fascist organizations like the J. Vorster, was a general, went in w ill be laid on those who pushed “Greyshirts,” the “Boerenaisie” for a massive campaign of sabo­ on the war.” and the “New Order” broke out tage. In 1942 Vorster said: “We Hitler lost the war, and the in South Africa and anti-Semitism stand fo r Christian Nationalism Nationalists changed their tune, RACIST COPS IN ACTION. Club-swinging cops in Durban, South flourished. which is an ally of National So­ but not the real nature of their Africa, sailed into a group of women demonstrators without hesita­ While still a professor at Stel­ cialism. You can call this anti­ policies. They toned down on anti- tion during summer, 1959, protest against oppressive pass laws. lenbosch University, Dr. Verwoerd, democratic principle dictatorship Semitism and pretended a new­ if you wish. In Italy it is called found respect for democracy, but the present Prime Minister, went Bashee murder, or of people being These evil realities are not the Fascism, in Germany National So­ from the moment they came to on a deputation with other Na­ shot w hile try in g to escape, like accidents of history but the fruits cialism and in South Africa Chris­ power in 1948 they went syste­ tionalist leaders to the govern­ Brutus; in fact, some freedom of deliberate planning by people tian Nationalism.” matically to work to build the ment demanding a halt to the im­ fighters, like Ganyile and Dr. steeped in the Nazi ideology. With For his pains Vorster was in­ Nazified state of which they had migration of Jewish refugees from Abrahams, were even kidnapped such people there can be no com­ terned by the Smuts government dreamed. Nazi Germany. At a public meet­ from the British protectorates by promise. They must be defeated during the war, and later placed Today, South Africa bears all ing in 1936, Dr. T. E. Donges, the South African agents. At present and their evil handiwork destroyed under house arrest. Today he has the hallmarks of the police state present Minister of Finance, de­ we have the Rivonia and Cape before South Africa can be made taken revenge as the author of — massive segregation of the races clared: “The Jew is an insoluble Town sabotage trials, where lead­ safe and free for all. In this radical the Sabotage Act and the General backed by a complete denial of element in every national life.” ers like Sisulu, Mandela and Dr. transformation of the whole Law Amendment Act of 1963 pro­ civil rights, increasingly heavy Biggest Jew-baiter of the lot was Alexander, are on trial for their South African society, it must not viding for house arrest and deten­ penalties for political prisoners the present Foreign Minister, Eric lives. be forgotten that apartheid, as tion without traial for 90 days — coupled with indefinite detention Louw (resigning at the end of In the London Sunday Times practised today, is the inevitable this period can be repeated ad without trial. 1963), who introduced a bill in of October 20, 1963, the following result of the specific capitalist in fin itu m . More and more, one hears of Parliament to stop Jewish immi­ appeared: “To solve the ‘colour socio-economic system in South Verwoerd himself, as editor of detainees being killed, like Sol- gration, alleging on the one hand question’ in South Africa, all Na­ Africa. As in the other African Die Transvaler, poured out a wandle and Siyanvala, or prisoners that they were dominating the tive women with more than one states — where the colonial rev­ steady stream of propaganda sup­ subjected to assaults and electric world of business, and on the child should be sterilised and all olution is not yet complete — porting the Nazi cause. Provoked shocks, like Sobukwe and the other that they predominated in Indians should be sent back to In­ where s till 38,000,000 people suf­ by his efforts, the newspaper Star Africans associated with the the ranks of Communists. dia, says Mr. Peter Willers, chair­ fer under the yoke of colonialism, man of the South African Nazi 155,000,000 under neo-colonialism Party. He calls Dr. Verwoerd and and 51,000,000 (in A lgeria, U nited Mr. Vorster ‘softies’ in their fight Arab Republic, Ghana, Mali and against subversive elements . . . Guinea) heading for complete na­ Mr. Willers said that his Nazi tional and economic independence, World Events Party had an emblem similar to also in South Africa (with a the swastika and that they used population of over 16,000,000) the risen 15 to 25 per cent since 1961. The pay scale of white workers Fight for Land in Peru the ‘heil’ salute.” economy plays the decisive role. The big investors’ attitude was is generally four to five times that Eight Peruvian Indians were typified by a General Motors of black South Africans, who form killed recently in an attempt by spokesman who said his company the bulk of the work force, espe­ 1,500 Indian peasants to claim an “has not given that racial situa­ cially in mining, where much of estate near Cuzco, Peru. tion any thought whatsoever the foreign investment is concen­ State Dept. Bans U.S. Tour A Dec. 27 N.Y. Times report on etiher in its short-term or its long­ trated. the incident added: “Cuzco and term planning.” An official of the surrounding areas have been sub­ By Soviet Peace Committee Newm ont M in in g Co., w hich to­ Angolan Coffee ject to increasing agitation in the gether with American Metals Cli­ Washington refuses to permit JAN. 4 — Seven representatives not speak alone but in each case a last few weeks. Strikes, attacks max, Inc., recently invested heavi­ trade with Cuba on the lying of the Soviet Peace Committee — CNVA spokesman and one for a on private property and invasions ly in a $100,000,000 copper-mining claim that the people there are not more typically American point of of farms are reported to be or­ invited by the Committee for Non- project, declared “ I’d rather invest free. But the U.S. is the principal view would speak, thus providing ganized by Communist agitators Violent Action to tour the United in South Africa than any other purchaser of coffee from Angola for confrontation and not uncrit­ working among the Indians in country in the world, except Can­ where the people are shedding States — have been refused visas icized propaganda . . . Peru’s most dencely populated ada.” their blood to end murderous by the State Department. In ef­ “Soviet Peace Committee in area.” Other big American investors in Portuguese colonial rule. The fect, the department has banned a 1961 allowed San Francisco-to- Hugo Blanco, leader of the In­ South Africa are the First National country’s coffee crop — the rich­ Moscow Peace Marchers to protest dian peasant union in the Cuzco series of debates. City Bank, Caltex, Goodyear, est in Africa — is the principal on Soviet soil against Soviet re­ area, is presently awaiting trial on The intended tour, scheduled for American Cyanamid, Firestone, reason why the Portuguese are sumption of testing though also trumped-up charges by the Peru­ Jan. 22 to Feb. 6, was in the na­ Champion Spark Plug and Kaiser fighting so savagely to maintain challenging views of American vian landlord government. ture of a return visit following A lum inum . their rule. Last year Angola ex­ peace marchers. Seems incredible the CNVA-sponsored San Fran- ported 156,887 metric tons of cof­ especially during current Admin­ U.S. Investors in S. Africa A spokesman for an independent cisco-to-Moscow Walk for Peace fee, with the largest single amount istration efforts at communication Despite 28 United Nations resolu­ African country recently pointed which ended in Red Square in — 89,199 m etric tons — going to and detente State Department tions against the racist policies of out the relation between racism October, 1961. and profitability. “The more apar­ the U.S. should not give Soviet peace work­ the South African government, A. J. Muste, CNVA national American businessmen continue to theid there is, the more prosperous ers at least same opportunity to Monopoly Grows in Japan chairman, received notice of the South Africa becomes for foreign debate issues here.” invest heavily in that highly prof­ visa denial in a letter from Frank business men. Their huge profits The giant Japanese industrial itable country. According to a U.S. G. Siscoe, director of Soviet and are built on inequitable labor empire of Mitsubishi was split Commerce Dept. estimate of May East European Exchanges in the 1963, U.S. investment there has laws.” into three companies after World War II. Like the Krupp interests State Department. Siscoe de­ in Germany, they had been the clared: “In view of the clear pro­ most powerful supporters of m ili­ paganda use by Soviet authorities In Handy Permanent Form tarism and profited greatly from over the years of the issue of the war. Now these three com­ ‘peace,’ it is considered necessary panies have decided to merge that the motivations of the Soviet the MILITANT again, making Mitsubishi once side in this field should be tho­ more the largest industrial com­ roughly explored and discussed. 1963 Bound Volume bine in Japan. A t least u n til such tim e as these discussions have been held, it is $7.50 Hitler's Arms Plants Reunite believed that the entry into the U.S. of a Soviet group represent­ SPECIAL OFFER: Until the end of February, in honor of the Two big West German steel com­ panies, which emerged from the ing the official Soviet organiza­ fifth anniversary of the Cuban Revolution, we are offering 1952 break-up by Allied authorities tion, Soviet Peace Committee, the five bound volumes of THE M ILITANT — 1959-63 — of the huge Vereinigte Stahlwerke cannot be considered to be in the that offer an unsurpassed collection of texts of speeches by combine that produced most of national interest.” Cuban leaders, official documents, reports from Cuba and Hitler’s armaments, are now in In reply, Muste sent a telegram analyses of developments there at a special savings. Each process of merging again. The declaring: “Astonished by State volume is $7.50. Send $30 for all five. August Thyssen-Huette AG con­ Department decision to refuse cern has taken over 52 per cent visas to prospective Soviet Peace THE MILITANT interest in Phoenix-Rheinrohr AG. Committee visitors and especially 116 University Place The combine w ill be the second reason given. Committee for Non- largest steel producer in Western Violent Action has made it clear New York, N. Y., 10003 Europe, with a capacity of over to all parties from beginning that 7.5 million tons a year. Peace Committee visitors would A. J. Muste Monday, January 13, 1964 THE MILITANT Page Seven

[This column is an open forum To begin with you took the Let’s criticize the mistakes and marriage. Nor do the students’ If the present Soviet officialdom for all viewpoints on subjects of attitude of indifference toward the crimes that the Soviet bureaucracy complaints appear to be about were capable of demonstrating its general interest to our readers. immediate cause of the demonstra­ really committed but let’s not join refusal of Russian girls to go out commitment to internationalism Please keep your letters under tion (“whether their suspicion the chorus of our class enemies with them but of the hostility and the dignity of all peoples, it 400 words. Writers’ initials w ill be about the death of their fellow- even with the adding of a “Marx- which the sight of an interracial would not have treated the African used, names being withheld unless student prove true or not”) in ist-Leninist” note! couple brings from some elements student demonstrators so shabbily. authorization is given for use.] spite of the already known autop­ A. Binder of the population. It should be Rather it would have followed the sy of the medical authorities con­ noted that similar complaints were example of the Soviet founders, [Certainly the capitalist press No Bias in USSR? firmed by the Ambassador of voiced by the African students in Lenin and Trotsky, and of Cuba’s Ghana that the death of the Ghana seized upon the African students’ Bulgaria who demonstrated last revolutionary leaders. It would New York, N. Y. student near a railroad station was demonstration in Moscow for its February. have used the mass media to point It was horrifying to read in the caused by frost in state of his in­ own propaganda purposes. But As for the possibility that the out to the Soviet public the so­ Dec. 30 M ilita n t an article about toxication. Then you came out that cannot justify socialists’ ig­ African students in the Soviet cialist aim of the brotherhood of the African students demonstra­ with a general accusation of dis­ noring the demonstrations or Union may be interested “not so all men, aired all the facts and tion in Moscow which blandly fol­ crimination in the USSR against whitewashing the facts. It makes much in social equality as in their taken immediate steps to remove lows the line of our whole capital­ the African students with a charge it all the more important to ex­ personal advance as the future the sources of the African students’ is t press. against the Soviet authorities for plain honestly to workers and professionals of their country,” this grievances. E d i t o r .] “ tolerating overt acts and attitudes colored peoples throughout the speculation is beside the point. of racism against the African stu­ world that race prejudice is con­ Especially when a principal part dents.” (The Ambassador of Gha­ trary to everything socialism and of the demonstration was their Postscript on Fund 10 YEARS AGO na in Moscow denied in an inter­ the Bolshevik Revolution stand demand for social equality in the New York, N.Y. for. view that even one act of discrim­ USSR. I thought everyone would be ination had taken place.) That the African students dem­ Whatever may be the motives of glad to know that the Socialist IN "THE MILITANT This picture fits in the general onstrated and complained of prej­ the Jewish bourgeoisie in this Education Fund has gone to 101 scheme of our psychological cold udice and social discrimination on country, the struggle of Yevtush­ per cent with new money that “Did you ever hear the old war propagandists who try to the part of some Soviet citizens is enko, Paustovsky, Nekrasov and has come in since the close of the wheeze about the restaurant owner prove that the discrimination of now undeniable. But there is no other Soviet artists and intellec­ campaign on Dec. 15. accused of putting horsemeat in tuals against anti-Semitism in the races is deeply ingrained in hu­ evidence for attributing the dem­ Our friends in both Oakland the rabbit stew? His defense was USSR, including the demand for man nature and has nothing to do onstrators’ discontent to difficul­ and Newark, who were unsuccess that he did it very fairly. ‘I split removal of officials guilty of it, with the social structure of the ties with the Russian language or ful in meeting their quotas, have it fifty-fifty — half a horse, half merits the whole-hearted support society. They put into the mouth unpreparedness for higher studies. made valiant efforts to send in a ra b b it.’ of all who believe that it, like of the African students: “It’s a As for an unconsciously biased their deficits. Oakland has paid white-supremacism, is a blot upon “Don’t bother trying to tell this matter of white against black — hypothesis about the students’ re­ in $38 since the drive closed and civilization. joke to any of Eisenhower’s con­ the same thing all over the world” sentment of Russia’s allegedly N ew ark $63. gressmen, though. They’ve all stricter morals or construing a Defense of the Soviet Union — a phrase which you even re­ In addition, $22 has come in to heard it before. In fact, they just peated in your article! Russian girl’s personal refusal as cannot be served by permitting racial prejudice, the following identification of still-existing vices swell the General’s percentage to wrote it into the tax ‘relief’ pro­ Wouldn’t it be more proper to inherited from capitalism or bu­ 140 per cent. gram that went into effect Jan. 1. try to analyze the reason for dis­ should be noted. The student, reaucratic perversions with the We thank everyone for their ef­ “Here’s the way they concocted content among the African stu­ whose death touched off the dem­ onstration, was planning to marry collective-property base and eco­ forts and generosity. the new stew. First they cut per­ dents which can be exploited by nomic planning which has made sonal income taxes a straight 10 some reactionary group and induce a Russian girl but her family was Marvel Scholl Soviet progress possible. per cent across the board, treat­ the African students into this bitterly opposed to this interracial Fond Director ing the worker and the millionaire demonstration? Maybe it has some­ ‘equally.’ A t the same time, they thing to do with the fact that the jumped the Social Security tax, African students in USSR do not which is payable only on the first represent the laboring elements of $3,600 of income, from one-and-a- their country but the better situat­ It Was Reported in the Press half to two per cent. ed strata who are interested not “Adding the two items together, so much in social equality as in Explanation — As the Senate nounced he would contribute the trouble and expense of coming up this means that a married couple their personal advance as the fu­ was w inding up its session, m i­ money to an anti-royalist society. to fight for their right to make a with two children, with an an­ ture professionals in their coun­ nority leader Dirksen addressed A court spokesman called his de­ liv in g .” nual income of $4,000, w ill save try? himself to the press gallery. For 125 cision “unusually stupid” and an Warriors — Assistant Secretary $8.40 a year, or a ll of 16 cents Is there not a probability that years, he said, the press has been “impolite gesture.” of Labor Daniel P. Moynihan a week. On the other hand, a some discontent may be generated calling Congress names. He said Profits First — New York City takes a dim view of the federal fa m ily of fo u r w ith a $10,000 in ­ by their living in a country with the Congresses have been described bureaucracy. He described it as come winds up with a yearly sav­ more strict morals and some over­ as “indolent, partisan, weak, officials abandoned a proposed plan to invest city pension funds plagued by internal "endless dark ing of $137, or $2.65 a week. sensitivity of the young men to bigoted, hateful, malicious, spine­ and bloody wars.” He said the gov­ consider a personal refusal of a less, dense, stupid, cowardly, tim e- only in the securities of firms that “And that’s only part of the ernment bureaucracy today is Russian girl as a proof of “racial killing, of low morals, intolerant.” do not practice racial discrimina­ deal. For the clear majority of “very much a conservative, mid­ prejudice?” Possibly also the dis­ He said such attitudes by the tion. The plan was scrapped im­ this country’s wage earners, those mediately after the City Corpora­ dle-class group that is, if anything, content of the African students is papers were the result of a mis­ w ith an income of $3,600 or less, tion Counsel advised that it would apprehensive about social change.” the new ‘relief’ program means not the result of the difficulties with understanding. the unfamiliar Russian language be “illegal.” He said the city must Ghoul-Proof — City officials in only that they won’t save a dime Perish the Thought — The “Eco­ invest its money where it can ex­ in taxes, b ut in most cases w ill (Africa is the area of the cultural Fort Worth, Texas, where an nomic Intelligence” department of tract the highest return regardless actually be hit with an increase!” influence of English and French) around-the-clock police guard is the Chamber of Commerce’s Wash­ of the discriminatory policies of - J a n . 11, 1954. or their general unpreparedness being kept at the grave of Lee to the intensive higher studies (the ington Report says: “ O f course no the companies invested in. , Harvey Oswald for fear of van­ sensible person would suggest New York Times correspondent The Defenders — A Federal dalism have an offer from a con­ mentions the last point). Any­ that consumer goods or income be tractor to shroud his coffin in 20 YEARS AGO distributed equally throughout the Communications Commission hear­ how, whatever the reason for the ing on the quality and quantity of steel and fill the grave to earth population.” “A few weeks ago the army latent discontent may be, its source radio and TV commercials was level w ith cement fo r $490. He said took over Western Electric’s five is not in the alleged and unproven Our Non-Affluent Elders — told by E.L. Byrd of the Michigan it would make the grave ghoul- Baltimore plants and cut short an discrimination against the African Peter Bart, New York Times ad­ Broadcasters Association: “The proof. students — as our “free” press anti-Negro strike because it ‘in­ vertising columnist, has this to public recognizes that a station What Kind of Work? — The would like us to believe. terfered with war production.’ The say to firms aiming their products that is worth buying by the ad­ New York Times reports that in­ The same kind of reckless jump­ Stalinists hailed this act as a vic­ at older people: “ The old-age mar­ vertisers is worth listening to. At­ creased production has lowered ing on the anti-Soviet bandwagon tory for bona-fide trade union­ ket, it has been said, is rapidly tractive programming and com­ the cost of mink coats to the point can be found in another article ism. But the government interven­ gaining not only in size but in mercialization go hand in hand.” where one New York shop is of- in the same issue — “Poet Urges tion was just part of the com­ purchasing power ... A new study Congressman Cunningham of Ne­ fering them at prices ranging Drive on Soviet Anti-Semitism.” pany’s scheme to use race strife published in the January issue of braska said commercials and the from about $400 fo r a capelet to You cite from the publication of and the current anti-labor laws to the Journal of Marketing . . . in ­ free-enterprise system are insepar­ full-length coats that start at about the American Jewish Congress block unionization of its plants. dicates that many companies are able. He said he was embarrased $1,200. Thus, the Times explains, “Commentary” a garbled version vastly overestimating the discre­ at having to see “these good peo­ “generally, mink is now within a “Though the army was ready to of a report of a meeting where a tionary purchasing power of re­ ple in private enterprise put to the working girl’s budget.” invoke the Smith-Connally anti­ discussion was supposed to have tired persons . . . The affluent so­ strike law against the misled taken place between Khrushchev ciety still has not extended its af­ white workers, it left the real in­ and Yevtushenko which implies fluence to older persons . . .” He stigator of racial hate, the Point the existence of Soviet anti-Semit­ notes that there are less than one Breeze Employees Association un­ ism as an official policy. I t is ob­ million older persons with annual touched. Last summer the National vious that the Jewish bourgeoisie incomes of more than $2,006. SPECIAL $1 INTRODUCTORY OFFER Labor Relations Board found the in America is interested in accus­ PBEA to be company-dominated. ing the Soviet Union of anti- No Middle Way? — Bengt An- To reach the widest audience with our Yet, because of the reactionary Semitism, trying in this way to derberg, described as an “angry” coverage of the Freedom Now Movement Frey amendment to the National “integrate” itself into the cold war young author, created a bit of an Labor Relations Act, the WLB con­ policy of their American senior uproar in his native Sweden when we are offering a 4-month introductory tinues to recognize this company partners. But what purpose serves he received $500 from K in g subscription to The Militant for $1. union as the bargaining agent for it to us to repeat the phony cry Gustaf’s 80th Birthday Fund for the workers . . . of “Soviet anti-Semitism?” Cultural Support. Anderberg an- “In 1941, the CIO smashed Nam e Henry Ford’s open shop by unit­ ing Negro and white workers in Thought for the Week a vigorous struggle for better con­ Street Zone ditions. The same kind of cam­ “Without any public announcement . . . the United States has paign against Western Electric and authorized the purchase of at least $110,000 w o rth of tear gas fo r rio t the government’s anti-labor laws control by the Dominican police. Such purchases must be approved by C ity State w ill demonstrate to workers now the State Department . . . Department officials said they had ap­ under the sway of reactionary proved the transaction on the theory that the use of tear gas was Send to The Militant, 116 University Place, prejudices what fighting power is lodged in working-class unity.” — preferable to suppressing demonstrators with bullets.” — The Jan. 5 New York 3, N. Y. Jan. 15, 1944. New York Times. Page E ig ht t h e MILITANT Monday, January 13, 1964 Mark Lane SNCC Atlanta Sit-Ins Shake To Speak on Part of the Power Structure A TLA N TA , Ga. Jan 6 — “A satisfactory agreement” has been reached between the management of Dobbs House, Inc., and the Student Oswald Case Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, suspending demonstrations that NEW YORK — Mark Lane, the had closed 12 restaurants in the chain. The agreement was character­ noted New York attorney, will ized as “satisfactory” by SNCC chairman John Lewis. speak on “Unanswered Questions in the Oswald Case,” Friday, Jan. By Jay Garnett 24, 8:30 p.m., at the H enry H ud­ At least a part of Atlanta’s ing service at the Toddle House son Hotel, 353 W. 57th St. The power structure is showing signs restaurant. They, along wth Lewis meeting is sponsored by the M ili­ of weakening in the face of an and SNCC Executive Secretary tant Labor Forum. It w ill be his unrelenting campaign of demon­ first public appearance since his James Forman, are stockholders in strations against the Jim Crow the Toddle House chain. return from Dallas where he in­ which exists in the Georgia city’s They said they had simply terviewed Mrs. M arguerite Os­ restaurants, hotels and motels. wald, Lee Oswald’s mother. dropped by “their” restaurant to Mayor Ivan Allen, Jr. told a get a meal and were refused. Lane has submitted to the War­ gathering of the city’s aldermen ren Commission a defense brief “They say they intend to be pres­ that unless desegregation of Atlan­ ent January 13 at a stockholders’ for Lee H. Oswald which was re­ ta’s public accommodations was printed in a recent issue of the meeting in Memphis,” Jet maga­ soon completed, he w ould seek zine reported. “If they get the National Guardian. Dissecting the mandatory compliance. The ma­ 15 assertions which, according to floor at the meeting, it’s fairly yor’s statement, it should be noted, obvious what they w ill talk about.” District Attorney Henry Wade of LOCAL COLOR. This photo was taken by a member of the U.S.- came a week after the Student Dallas, amounted to “absolute con­ Dick Gregory, who flew into to-Cuba Peace Walk in Georgia. The local bedsheet boys were Nonviolent Coordinating Commit­ firmation as to Oswald’s guilt,” Atlanta to be with his wife, found announcing a cross-burning and rally for that night. tee held a closed conference at an Lane contends that virtually none Atlanta college to plan its actions the whole affair “hard to take.” of them have been established to fo r 1964. Refused permission to see his wife, he labeled Atlanta’s judicial sys­ the point where they carry any Mayor Allen’s statement, along tem “worse than Birmingham or weight as legal evidence. with the reported release of dem­ Peace Walkers Jailed in Ga.; Mississippi.” At least there, he Gathering evidence in defense onstrators arrested in late Decem­ said, they make no hypocritical of Oswald which had been lost or ber for sit-ins at the Toddle House pretense about justice. buried in the course of the press Negro Group Supports Them restaurants, shows that some of hysteria, Lane presents a charac­ the powers-that-be in Atlanta have As a group of SNCC youth stood ter sketch of a calm, “ intellectual” ALBANY, Ga., January 6 — courtroom Dec. 30 when trial was definitely felt the actions led by in front of Mayor Ivan Allen Jr.’s Oswald, who, unlike all presiden­ City officials here are continuing to be set. Eight of the group were the young militants. office, they were asked why they tial assassins in previous U.S. his­ their harassment of jailed mem­ cited for contempt for not ap­ The demonstrations began Dec. were there. “Freedom!” they re­ tory, maintained to the end that bers of the Quebec-Washington- pearing and sentenced to seven 21, when 16 SNCC staff members sounded in chorus. James Forman he was innocent. Guantanamo Walk for Peace. But days on this charge. Trial for were arrested for “trespassing” had delivered a speech telling the Urging the Commission to begin the Albany Movement — which “parading without a permit” is after being refused service in the mayor: Straighten out Atlanta or with “an old American tradition has led the Negro community here scheduled for Jan. 7. downtown Atlanta restaurant. get left behind. — the presumption of innocence,” in major civil-rights campaigns — The Committee for Nonviolent On Dec. 29, Gloria Richardson, Lane proposed that Oswald be al­ announced a sympathy fast and Action, sponsor of the 3,500-mile Remained in Jail leader of the Cambridge (Md.) lowed a defense lawyer at the in­ demonstration in solidarity with educational peace march, has The next day four more SNCC Nonviolent Action Committee, a quiry “If Oswald is innocent — the marchers. called upon Albany city author­ staffers, including Chairman John SNCC affiliate, announced that and that is a possibility that can­ The announcement was made at ities to restore the civil liberties of Lewis, picketed the restaurant and she would accompany a busload of not now be denied — then the a mass m eeting of the A lbany the walkers. Citing constitutional were arrested. Eighteen of the 20 demonstrators to Atlanta to sup­ assassin of President Kennedy still Movement last week at the Mt. guarantees and U.S. Supreme announced their determination to port the campaign against the remains at large.” Zion Baptist Church. Featured Court decisions upholding freedom remain in jail over the holidays segregation policies of the Toddle A former member of the New speaker at the meeting was Miss of speech, CNVA points out that it to dramatize the need for a na­ House chain. “ We are prepared to York State Assembly, Lane has de­ Barbara Deming of Wellfleet, has sponsored peace walks through tional public-accommodations law. stay as long as we are needed,” fended civil-rights demonstrators Mass., spokeswoman for four of thousands of cities and towns in Lewis contended that since even she affirmed. and personally participated in the the Walk group who are not in the United States, and in West facilities in “open Atlanta” were Two days later about 40 mem­ historic 1961 Freedom Rides and jail. The others were arrested two Europe, Poland and Russia. In all not open to Negroes, national legis­ bers and supporters of SNCC other civil-rights demonstrations. weeks ago while walking peace­ of these countries, the Committee lation was imperative. picketed the Stock Exchange in fully through the center of town. states, its marchers have walked On Dec. 24, Prathia H a ll and New York to protest the discrimi­ All 14 spent the holidays in jail. freely through the communities on Roberta Yancey, SNCC staffers, nation of the Toddle House chain Cops in St. Louis Drag Twelve of the marchers had their route, distributed leaflets, and Mrs. Lillian Gregory, six- (owned by Dobbs Houses, Inc.) been fasting since the arrest and and talked freely with people. But months pregnant wife of the noted against its own Negro stockhold­ Sitdowners from Court some were too weak to walk to the not in Georgia. comedian, were arrested after ask­ ers. By Constance Weissman Twenty-one members of the Con­ SLUMLORDS' STRATEGY DOESN'T WORK (iiiJiiiiimiiiiiimimiiiiiiimmiinimmiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiimiimiiiiiuiiiiiiiuiiiiiimimimimiiiiimmiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiimiii2 gress of Racial Equality in St. Louis were dragged from the court­ room Jan. 2 after being fined for “disturbing the peace.” All had Cleveland Rent Strikers Press Fight pleaded not guilty and decided to serve out their fines of $75 to By Jean Simon even involving people on welfare, Toward that end, they agreed to instead of to relief recipients” $275 in the city workhouse at $3 is needed to bring about forceful affiliate with the Apartment and CLEVELAND, Jan. 5 — “We ex­ reveals the worst kind of paternal­ per day. property inspection. Home Owners Association of ism. It would have a demoralizing The week before, police had pect Cleveland’s second rent strike, “Where was the law enforce­ Greater Cleveland and leave over­ effect on the tenants, treating them carried the CORE members out of tomorrow, to proceed as sched­ ment before CORE came into the all strategy in the hands of its ex­ as sub-human, as unfit to handle city hall where they were sitting uled,” Miss Ruth Turner, execu­ picture?” ecutive secretary, Karl Duldner. their own expenditures. Moreover, outside the city treasurer’s office. tive secretary of Cleveland CORE, Commenting on the landlords’ this is a transparent attempt to They were protesting the deposit said in an interview today. None But by Dec. 30 the metropolitan of the proposals announced last daily began to have second new strategy, Miss Turner point­ thwart the possibilities of rent of city funds in the Jefferson Bank strikes, which have already proved week by the newly organized thoughts about its unwitting tes­ ed out: “They can’t counteract and Trust Co. and refused to leave their effectiveness.” slum landlords can get action to timonial to the effectiveness of CORE’s housing campaign through at closing time. image-making. And we’re not con­ Last summer, in East St. Louis, improve the worst housing condi­ the CORE rent strike. An editorial New Phase cerned only with the slum land­ militant young members of CORE tions as quickly and effectively as titled: “Landlords Have Problems, The new phase of rent strikes, the rent strike, she pointed out. Too” stated: lord, although he is the one who and the NAACP carried out a suc­ must act immediately; we are con­ beginning next week, w ill be dif­ cessful campaign to force the banks “. . . the blame must not fall The first CORE-organized rent cerned with all of the agencies, in­ ferent in some details from the there to hire a proportionate share strike in the Cleveland area start­ entirely on landlords and housing first one last month, Miss Turner inspectors. If it did, the problem stitutions and practices responsi­ of Negroes. But a similar campaign ed Dec. 10, lasted 12 days and ble for slum housing conditions. said. They involve larger build­ in St. Louis has brought harsh ended in a victory. The demands might be solved more readily. But ings, more tenants. “The ‘mutual desire to settle retaliation from the police and has — building repairs, painting, w ir­ along with some degree of official There will also be a slight caused sharp divisions in the city’s ing, plumbing, insect and rat ex­ complacency in these affairs, there these problems’ that Mr. Duldner refers to is not enough. Immediate change in the handling of money. Negro leadership. termination, sanitation improve­ is the problem of those irrespon­ Instead of depositing the rent mon­ Associated w ith the protesters is ments, and reduction of rent in sible tenants whose shiftlessness action to improve the neglected, unsafe and unsanitary housing con­ ey in the form of money orders Alderman William Clay. He is one one case — were won. and unwillingness to co-operate ag­ in safety deposit boxes, it will of the 19 Negro leaders recently gravates a depressing situation. ditions and reduce exorbitant The short, sharp action was a rents is the only evidence of good be deposited in a savings account jailed in connection with the anti- limited one — only six families Landlords’ ‘Image’ in the name of the tenants asso­ discrimination demonstrations at w ill that is m eaningful,” she said. were involved directly and the “The attempt to tar all land­ ciation of the building struck. This the Jefferson Bank and T rust Co. As for the landlords’ new pro­ demands were moderate — but lords with the same coat of heart­ technique is better suited for the The Democratic Party takes a seri­ gram, Miss Turner observed: the effects were tremendous. Slum less cruelty sim ply is neither fa ir larger operations now planned. ous view of this split in its “They propose to ‘screen tenants dwellers saw that their situation nor true.” CORE teams are proceeding at machine. The Negro vote in St. to eliminate fly-by-night renters.’ was not completely hopeless, and the same time with their surveys Louis constitutes one-third of the Faced with the prospect of new My interpretation is that they other rent strikes were promised. and investigations in the slum total and is essential to the Dem­ rent strikes beginning tomorrow, mean to ‘eliminate rent strikers.’ Various government agencies, ab­ areas west of the East 85th St. ocrats staying in office. the landlords last week grabbed sentee landlords and “civic lead­ Police Helpful? area of the first strike and Craw­ Thus City Treasurer O’Dwyer, the line of this editorial for their ers” attempted to shift blame “They propose to cut down van­ ford Road area of the second committeeman from the almost all- new counter strategy. back and forth. The Plain Dealer dalism by getting more help from strike. Negro F ourth W ard and close Some 75 East Side landlords, editorialized on Dec. 14: police. That would be all right if friend of the president of the Jef­ according to The Cleveland Press, Miss Turner expects the rent “Why does it take a crusade by there were some guarantees ferson Bank, accuses C lay and held a “secret meeting . . . to con­ strike movement to cross color CORE (Congress of Racial Equal­ against increasing police brutality. other bank demonstrators of caus­ sider joint action to upgrade their lines, since slum landlords exploit ity) to bring these slovenly hous­ ing a split among Negroes which properties and create, as one “Their third proposal — to the helplessness of poor whites, would render them politically “in­ ing conditions to a head? spokesman put it, ‘a better land­ ‘persuade welfare agencies to send also. “ When i t does, we’l l be glad effective.” “ I t is shameful that a rent-strike, lord image in the community.’ ” rent checks directly to landlords to help them with advice . . .”