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Botanical Sciences Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 29: 34-48, 1965 DOI: 10.17129/botsci.1087 ESTUDIOS ACERCA DE ARBOLES Y ARBUSTOS DE AMERICA TROPICAL, PRINCIPALMENTE DE MEXICO por F austino Miranda (del Instituto de Biología de la Unive rsidad Nacional Autónoma de México) INTRODUCCION El presente trabajo no hubiera sido posible sin la ayuda de una beca de la " John Simon Cuggenheim Memorial Foundation" que permitió al autor, desde sep· ti embre de 1961 hasta agosto de 1962, trabajar sin preocupaciones económicas en el magnífico Herbario de la Institución Smithsoniana de Washington en el tema " Estudio de los árboles del Sureste de México". El autor se complace en expresar su sincera y profunda gratitud a los directores de la Guggenheim Memorial Foun· dation por haberle favorecido con la beca indicada. También le es grato al auto1 manifestar aquí su sincero agradecimiento al Dr. Albert C. Smith, Director entonces del Museo de Historia Natural de !a "Smithsonian lnstitution", al Dr. Jason R. Swallen, Jefe del Departamento de Botánica de ese Museo y en general a todo el personal del mismo por la confianza ilimitada que le concedieron, permitiéndole trabajar libremente en dicho Departamento y proporcionándole toda la ayuda ade· cuada en el momento que la necesitó. N yctaginaceae Cua¡Jira macroca.rpa (Mir.) comb. -----nov. ·--- ----------To r r u.b i a macrocarpa Miranda, An. Inst. Biol. Méx. 12: 579 y 601 1941. Woodson (Ann. Mo. Bot. Carel. 48 : 61. 1961) llamó la atención acerca de la equivalencia entre los géneros Guapira Aubl. y Torrubia. Vell., hecho que ya había sido sugerido por H eimerl (in Engler, Nat. Pflanzenfam. ed. 2. 16c: 127. 1934). Examinada la descripción y lámina de Aublet (Histoire des plantes de la Guia1w francaise, 1: 308 y 3: t. 119. 1775) , parece evidente la exactitud de la observación de Woodson, y por consiguiente fa necesidad de la nurva comhinación propuesta a rriba. 0r~. (Stand!.) ~ Pi.sonia Jas cirnlata Standley, Contr. U. S. Nat. H erb. 13: 388. 1911. Grajalesia Je rruginea Miranda, An. Inst. Biol. Méx. 21: 300. 1950. No hay duda de que r l ejemplar tipo el e Pisonia. Ja.scicula.ta Stancll. (col. Char· les Wi: ight: Nicaragua, 1853-1856, No. 45190 U. S. Nat. Herb. L visto por mí en f' l U. S. Nat. Herb. es lo mi smo que Gra.ja.le sia. ferruginea Miranda. _____________ --34- Miranda F. 1965. Estudios acerca de árboles y arbustos de América tropical, principalmente de México. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 29: 34-48. BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. 29 El género monotípico Grajalesia, ·contra lo que parecía en un principio, tiene una distrihución geográfica bastante amplia, put>s resulta co nocido actualmente de Chiapas, Honduras, Guatemala, y Nicaragua (véase Standley y Steyermark. fi el. diana: Bot. 24: 190. 1946, y Standley y Williams, Ceiba :1 : 26. 1952 ). lauraceae Misanteca alata (Mir.) c~_v. e~_______:~ licaria alata Miranda, Ceiba 4: 128. 1954. Ya Lundell (Wrightia 1: 145. 1946) trató acerca de lo inadecuado de acepta r Licaria con preferencia a il!f.isanteca y Acrodiclidiurn, como) propone Kostermans. En l'lecto, licaria guianensis Aublet, la especie típica del género Lt:caria, fu e descrita (Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 1: 313; t. 121. 1775) de ejemplares estériles, por lo que di cho género permaneció, naturalmente, como un género incierto. Así, Baillon (Hist. des PI. 2: 452. 1870) dice : "Cet arbre, dont on ne connait que les fe uilles, ne peut jusqu 'ici etre rapporté avec certitude a aucune des Lauracées plus complétement dé­ crites par les a uteurs". EJJ el aíio 1936, Kostermans (Meded. Bot. Mus. Utrech 25: 36) ll ega a la con­ clusión -de que las hojas de Acrodiclidiurn aubletii, especie que él describe en ese trabajo, y las de licaria guianensis Aubl. del ejemplar tipo, depositado en el H er­ bario Jussieu de París, pertenecen a la misma entidad taxonómica, y en este mismo trabajo in clu ye dibujos comparativos de ambas clases de hojas. Posteriormente, el mi smo autor (I~ec. Trav Bot. Néerl. 34 : 578. 1937 ), al reunir los géneros fl!lisa nteca y Acrod1:cb:diwn en uno solo, dice: " I prefer to revive th e olcl est generi c name : Licaria of Aublet, though its description had been based on sterile material. The type specimen in the Jussieu Herbarium .in P ari s is well preserved and ... I am absolutely sure of its identity". Ahora bien, en mi opinión no parece posible esta r "absolutamente seguro" de la id entidad de una gran mayoría de las especies de la Familia de las Lauráceas sin acudir al examen de flores o frutos, o ele ambos. Como, por otro lado, se observan ·cir·rtas diferencias en la acuminación y otras características entre el dibujo de la hoja dP Acrodiclidiurn aubletii y el de Lica.ria guianensis presentados por Kostermans en el trabajo ci tado, nos parece más prudente por el momento seguir el parecer de Lund ell (l. c.) y vo lver a usar los nombres genéricos tipificados por material más co mpleto y bien reconocibles por las descripciones originales, o sea, M isanteca y Acrodiclidiurn, de los cuales, en el caso el e ser fundidos en uno como resultado el e l'Studios más completos que los existentes hasta ahora, Misanteca tiene la prioridad. Muchas de las combinaciones específicas en Misanteca, correspondientes a México y Centroamérica, 1ian siclo hechas ya por Lundell (Wrightia 1: H6. 194,6). Cryptocarya zapoteoides (Lund.) comb.nov. r - . ...........____ ------- Endficheria zapoteoides Lundell , Wrightia 1: 145. 1946. Beilschmiedia zapoteoides (Lund.) Kostcrmans, Reinwardtia 6 : 156. 1962. -35- MIRANDA F., ESTUDIOS ACERCA DE AH.BOLES Y ARBUSTOS DE lv!EXICO Esta planta, colectada en Cascada, cerca de S iltepec, Chiapas, a unos 1600 m. de altitud (Matuda 5153; iso tipo visto en U. S. Nat. H erb.), fue clasificada por Lundell como una nueva especie de Endlicheria fundándose, posiblemente, en el estu· d io de ílores no bien desarroll adas que pueden pasar como flores femenin as, y en consecuencia interpretó la planta corno dioica. Posteriormente, Kostermans, sin que sepamos las razones que haya tenido para ello, pasó la especie al género Beilschnúe­ dia. No obstante, la sola co nsideración del tubo floral, claramente suburceolado y periginio (Iig. 1, A) , es suficiente para eliminar la planta de Chiapas de las espc· cirs del último género ci tado. Qu e el árbol colectado por Maluda con el No. 5153 es una especie de Cr)'"/Jlo· ca.rya, tal como este género se delimita usualmente en la actualidad, queda demos· trado de un modo evidente por el examen detenido del fruto. En efecto , éste ti ene pa red completam1·nlc leñosa, casi li sa (fig. 1, B), y no muestra en el pedúncul o o c:e rca de la base ningun a cicatri z indicadora del lugar de abcisión del periantio ; en r·.ambio, la obsrrvación cuidadosa de la parte apical de uno de los frutos del ejemplar lÍl)O permitió distinguir una pequeña mancha circular (véase la fig. citada) que cl aramente mostraba corresponder a la cicatriz de a bcisión del periantio. Por con· siguiente, la firme pared leñosa de los frutos indicados es resultado de la soldadura Je! tubo floral con la pared (pericarpio) del fruto propiamente dicho y ele ésta con la cubierta de la semilla, pues el gigantesco cotiledón que se conserva en el intnior del fruto no presenta ningun a cubierta pronia. Estos caracteres, corno es sabido, son propios dPl género Cryptoca.rya. Es clr interés señalar que CryplOCCtr)'a zapoteoides es ahora la única especie dl'I género Cry plocarya conocida el e Méx ico y Centroamérica, co n exclusión el e Costa Ri ca. Crypl,ccarya lúnloni1: Allen (Journ. Arn. Arb. 26: 423. 1945) , descrita de 1·jl·mplan·s de Hinton procedentes el e Coalcomán, Mi choacán, resultó ser una especie de Pmnu.s, como fu e se ñalado por Kostermans (Rrinwarcltia 5 : 391. 1961); aunque fue considerada corno u11a rspecie nueva el e Prunas por este autor, posiblrrn entP ckha Sf'r r rducicla a sin onimia bajo Prunns erylhroxylon Korhnc. Rosa.cea e Licania go nzalezii sp. nov. (fig. 2 ) -~ ------- ..._, A rbor, ra.muhs dense griseo -jJubescenlibus; slipula.e linea.res, deciduae. Folia. brevü er peliolala, petiolo 5-8 mm. longo ; lamina charla.cea, elliptica, ovalis vel ellip· lico-oblonga, 1 l-1 3 cm. longa, 5-6.2 cm . la.la, apice abruple breviterqu.e acwnúwta vel rourndala, basi la te cu.n ea.ta vel rolundala, nervis lateralibus ulrinque 9-1 .l , gla· bra. fnjlc rescenJia. terminahs vel subtenninalis, breviler pubescens vel griseo -lomen · lu)osa, 8-19 cm. longa . Flores glom erali, brevissim e pediccllati ; hypanthio lale cam· pa.nulalo, 2.5 mm. long.o, 3 mrn. la.lo , exlus gn:seo-tomenluloso, inlns dense villoso· la nato; ca lyás !obi /ale dehoideo-ovati, acutí, 1.5-2 mm. longi, extu.s griseo -tomen· lnlos1:; peta/a /ale ova.ta vel suborbiculata., 2-2.2 mm.. longa; slamina 15, /ilmnentis 2 mm. longis; ovariwn dense piloso-lana.lwn, slylo 4 .5 mm. longo. Fruclus ig11 ol11s. -36- BOLETIN DE LA SOCIEDAD BOTANICA DE MEXICO No. :29 Ar bol de unos 20 m. de alto (Miranda 9062 ), de ramas delgadas, de color pardo rojizo, densamente gris pubescentes cuando jóvenes, con entrenudos cortos, de l·l.5 cm. de largo. Estípulas lineares, hasla de 7 mm. de largo, acuminado setáceas, pub escentes, deciduas. Hojas de pecíolos cortos, de 5-8 mm. de largo, redondeados abajo, anchamente asurcados arriba, densa y cortamente g ri s pubescentes cuando jó• venes, sobre todo abajo ; lámina cartácea, entera, elíptica u oval.
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