DOCSLIB.ORG

Zimbabwe Crisias Reports 19 June 2008

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ZIMBABWE CRISIS REPORTS 19 June 2008 Fresh insights into the Zimbabwean situation MUGABE TURNS SCREW ON RIGHTS ACTIVISTS AND LAWYERS New wave of repression ahead of second round of leadership contest. By Jabu Shoko in Harare President Robert Mugabe is heaping pressure on the country’s civil society organisations and the human rights lawyers who represent them ahead of the presidential run-off later this month. On June 5, Zimbabwe’s public service minister Nicholas Goche ordered all non-government organisations, NGOs, to stop their work, saying they had violated certain conditions. Credit: Lazele IWPR has been inundated with reports MDC secretary general Tendai Biti. Picture taken on April 8; Biti was arrested on that since the beginning of June, NGOs, June 12. have come under siege from marauding state security agents, with more than a dozen raided in the past week or so Security forces raided civil Zimbabwe Coalition, CZC, claiming this and scores of officials arrested. society and Christian umbrella body of hundreds of civil society organisations was running an illegal On June 6, armed state security agents coalitions seen as broadcasting operation — charges stormed the head offices of the Crisis in supporting the opposition. that CZC officials vehemently deny. NEWS IN BRIEF President Robert Mugabe says “we he was sure the country was safe arrest of MDC leader Morgan will not hesitate to arrest” leaders from “sellouts” and foreign Tsvangirai and accused President of the opposition Movement for interference. Robert Mugabe of attempting to Democratic Change. In a speech on steal the election. June 16, he claimed the MDC was MDC secretary general Tendai Biti has behind the wave of election violence been charged with treason after United Nations assistant secretary that has hit Zimbabwe. The MDC being arrested on arrival at Harare general for political affairs, Haile says irregular militias loyal to Airport last week. Menkerios, is to hold talks in Mugabe and the security forces are Zimbabwe this week. Meanwhile, engaged in a concerted campaign of South African Archbishop Desmond former UN Secretary General Kofi intimidation and violence to destroy Tutu has given an interview in which Annan said in London, “Anyone who opposition support ahead of the he criticised President Thabo Mbeki tries to come into power through June 27 presidential election. for keeping silent over the Zimbabwe fraudulent elections will have a price crisis. to pay. I think the people of A day earlier, Mugabe was quoted as Zimbabwe will not accept it and the saying he would be willing to hand British prime minister Gordon international community will not over to someone from ZANU-PF once Brown has criticised the repeated accept him either.” 19 JUNE 2008 1 THE INSTITUTE FOR WAR AND PEACE REPORTING Three days later, heavily armed riot On May 30, the Southern Africa “These are the most recent examples police, national intelligence officers Litigation Centre and its network of a deeply disturbing clampdown on and military forces raided the offices of partners advised ZLHR that it had the legal profession, but are not the the Ecumenical Centre. This religious received Andrew Makoni in its offices only cases to have been reported complex houses the offices of the in Johannesburg. recently to ZLHR,” said Petras. Student Christian Movement of Zimbabwe, Ecumenical Support Makoni had acted for a wide range of “Lawyers [are] reported to have Services, the Christian Alliance, the human rights defenders, with his work alleged that ‘mass arrests’ are being Zimbabwe National Pastors’ with MDC leaders and members forming planned in the final weeks before the Conference and the Padare Men’s the backbone of his legal practice. election run-off, and that human rights Forum on Gender. lawyers are considered a barrier to He had fled the country after receiving ensuring that targeted individuals According to officials from the credible information that he was on a remain in custody while the election is respective organisations, the state list of human rights lawyers targeted ongoing.” security agents carted away for imminent assassination for documents, computers, laptops and representing MDC members. This hard drives before arresting some 15 information has allegedly been people, including interns and independently verified from two newspaper columnist Pius Wakatama. separate sources who spoke two other “Human rights lawyers are lawyers, and has also been publicised considered a barrier to by the African Bar Association. ensuring that targeted individuals remain in Makoni and other human rights custody while the election “It is a deliberate lawyers were reportedly to be “made crackdown on civil society an example of” to dissuade anyone is ongoing” — Irene Petras organisations” — Useni else from taking up the defence of of Zimbabwe Lawyers for Sibanda of the Christian targeted human rights defenders in Human Rights. Alliance. the run-up to the presidential election, and in the face of escalating human rights violations in several provinces, according to information obtained from ZLHR. Petras said ZLHR wished to warn of “I am shocked they are doing this to the dire consequences facing human Christian organisations,” said Useni Harrison Nkomo, a human rights rights defenders, civic organisations Sibanda, the coordinator of Christian lawyer with ZLHR who has and political party leaders and Alliance. represented media practitioners, and members as a result of the official members of the MDC, has also fled clampdown. “It is a deliberate crackdown on civil the country after receiving the same society organisations. This election is information, and believing his life to be “Such targeting of lawyers — even going to be far from free and fair with under threat. the mere allegation that there exists this violence.” a list of lawyers for elimination — has On June 9, ZLHR was advised that a a chilling effect on all members of A day earlier, in the remote town of group had gathered around the the legal profession and, by Binga in Matabeleland North, an vehicle of lawyer Alec Muchadehama implication, on the affected undisputed rural stronghold of the outside his legal practice in Harare individuals whose rights they seek to opposition Movement for Democratic and was waiting for him to emerge protect,” she said. Change, MDC, state security agents from his office. Vehicles were parked arrested 14 members of groups at the exits of the building as well as Petras urged human rights lawyers to organised by the Media Monitoring outside his home. Realising that these exercise caution in relation to their Project of Zimbabwe, MMPZ. were not ordinary police officers sent security, and to immediately report all to arrest him, the lawyer immediately threats and attacks to the responsible Meanwhile, two prominent human fled and is now in hiding. authorities, to the Law Society of rights lawyers have fled to South Africa Zimbabwe and to ZLHR, as well as to after receiving threats to their lives, He, too, has represented a significant Southern African Development according to Irene Petras, director of number of human rights defenders, Community, SADC, diplomatic Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights, including MDC leaders and members, representatives and regional observers ZLHR. Another human rights lawyer is and a number of NGOs, such as the in Zimbabwe. living in fear after representing MDC National Constitutional Assembly, the officials and other clients perceived to Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions The crackdown on lawyers and be allies of the opposition. and the Christian Alliance. Christian organisations comes hard 2 19 JUNE 2008 ZIMBABWE CRISIS REPORTS on the heels of a government directive banning humanitarian FEARS NGO CRACKDOWN organisations from distributing food in the country. MAY THREATEN MILLIONS Nicholas Goche, the minister of public services, labour and social welfare, claimed the decision to bar the relief agencies from distributing food was arrived at after ZANU-PF discovered that the “food was being used to campaign for the MDC”. Meanwhile, the MDC continues to be subjected to government pressure. MDC leader Morgan Tsvangirai claimed at a media briefing on June 10 that at least 66 of his party’s supporters had been killed in election violence. The MDC leader has been picked up several times since his return to Zimbabwe, and the party’s secretary-general Tendai Biti was Credit: Lazele arrested minutes after he set foot on People receiving food aid from an NGO in Harare. Picture taken in August 2007. the tarmac at Harare Airport on June 12. United Nations officials Zimbabwe’s public services minister Eric Matinenga, an MDC legislator- warn ban on NGOs Nicholas Goche ordered all NGOs to designate for Buhera West, was last tantamount to human suspend their field operations on June week arrested for the second time in 5, accusing them of violating the as many days. The authorities have rights abuse. conditions under which they work, but ignored a high court order obtained offered no further explanation. by his lawyers ordering his release. By Yamikani Mwando in Bulawayo The directive has been slammed by Minister of justice, legal and human rights groups, who say that parliamentary affairs Patrick humanitarian aid for the most poor and Chinamasa said on June 10 that he Jason Mthombeni’s 77-year-old mother vulnerable in society will now be was easing pressure on jails ahead of has been hungry for years — now she severely restricted. the June 27 presidential run-off by is likely to starve. releasing petty criminals to create room for people arrested for politically She is one of the millions of motivated crimes. Zimbabweans who will suffer as a result of President Robert Mugabe’s Decision to ban aid There is a fear some civil society ban on the activities of aid agencies in groups from working in representatives will be locked up on the country, imposed after he accused the field meets with trumped-up charges.
Recommended publications
  • Canada Sanctions Zimbabwe

    Canada Sanctions Zimbabwe

    Canadian Sanctions and Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe: Be Very Careful! By Mark Blumberg (January 7, 2009) Canadian charities operating in Zimbabwe need to be extremely careful. It is not the place for a new and inexperienced charity to begin foreign operations. In fact, only Canadian charities with substantial experience in difficult international operations should even consider operating in Zimbabwe. It is one of the most difficult countries to carry out charitable operations by virtue of the very difficult political, security, human rights and economic situation and the resultant Canadian and international sanctions. This article will set out some information on the Zimbabwe Sanctions including the full text of the Act and Regulations governing the sanctions. It is not a bad idea when dealing with difficult legal issues to consult knowledgeable legal advisors. Summary On September 4, 2008, the Special Economic Measures (Zimbabwe) Regulations (SOR/2008-248) (the “Regulations”) came into force pursuant to subsections 4(1) to (3) of the Special Economic Measures Act. The Canadian sanctions against Zimbabwe are targeted sanctions dealing with weapons, technical support for weapons, assets of designated persons, and Zimbabwean aircraft landing in Canada. There is no humanitarian exception to these targeted sanctions. There are tremendous practical difficulties working in Zimbabwe and if a Canadian charity decides to continue operating in Zimbabwe it is important that the Canadian charity and its intermediaries (eg. Agents, contractor, partners) avoid providing any benefits, “directly or indirectly”, to a “designated person”. Canadian charities need to undertake rigorous due diligence and risk management to ensure that a “designated person” does not financially benefit from the program.
  • "Our Hands Are Tied" Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe – Nov

    "Our Hands Are Tied" Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe – Nov

    “Our Hands Are Tied” Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-404-4 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org November 2008 1-56432-404-4 “Our Hands Are Tied” Erosion of the Rule of Law in Zimbabwe I. Summary ............................................................................................................... 1 II. Recommendations ............................................................................................... 5 To the Future Government of Zimbabwe .............................................................. 5 To the Chief Justice ............................................................................................ 6 To the Office of the Attorney General .................................................................. 6 To the Commissioner General of the Zimbabwe Republic Police .......................... 6 To the Southern African Development Community and the African Union ...........
  • Zimbabwe: Time for a New Approach

    Zimbabwe: Time for a New Approach

    Zimbabwe: time for a new approach September 2011 Report of the International Bar Association’s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI) Supported by the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) This report has been compiled in accordance with the Lund – London Guidelines 2009 (www.factfindingguidelines.org) Material contained in this report may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given to the International Bar Association International Bar Association 4th Floor, 10 St Bride Street London EC4A 4AD, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7842 0090 Fax: +44 (0)20 7842 0091 Website: www.ibanet.org Contents Glossary of Acronyms 5 Executive Summary 7 Introduction 9 The mission 10 Section One: The Global Political Agreement 11 Historical background, context and results 11 Material contained in this report may be freely quoted or reprinted, provided credit is given to the International Bar Association Political participation and preparations for the next elections 15 The constitutional review process 19 Section Two: Rule Of Law 24 Independence and needs of the judiciary 24 The Attorney-General 27 Prosecutions for crimes committed in relation to the 2008 elections 29 Continuing selective application of the rule of law 30 National reconciliation 33 Zimbabwe Human Rights Commission 37 Section Three: The Extractive Industries 39 Human rights concerns 40 International Bar Association 4th Floor, 10 St Bride Street Relocation of local inhabitants from Marange to Arda Transau 41 London EC4A 4AD, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7842 0090 Fax: +44
  • Are They Accountable? Examining Alleged Violators and Their Violations Pre and Post the Presidential Election March 2002

    Are They Accountable? Examining Alleged Violators and Their Violations Pre and Post the Presidential Election March 2002

    [report also available from: http://www.hrforumzim.com ] ZIMBABWE HUMAN RIGHTS NGO FORUM Are they accountable? Examining alleged violators and their violations pre and post the Presidential Election March 2002 A report by the Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum December 2002 Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum Are They Accountable? The Zimbabwe Human Rights NGO Forum (also known as the “Human Rights Forum”) has been in existence since January 1998. Nine non-governmental organisations working in the field of human rights joined together to provide legal and psychosocial assistance to the victims of the Food Riots of January 1998. The Human Rights Forum has now expanded its objectives to assist victims of organised violence, using the following definition: “Organised violence” means the inter-human infliction of significant avoidable pain and suffering by an organised group according to a declared or implied strategy and/or system of ideas and attitudes. It comprises any violent action, which is unacceptable by general human standards, and relates to the victims’ mental and physical well-being.” The Human Rights Forum operates a Legal Unit and a Research and Documentation Unit. Core member organisations of the Human Rights Forum are: · Amani Trust · Amnesty International (Zimbabwe) (AI (Z)) · Catholic Commission for Justice and Peace (CCJP) · Gays and Lesbians of Zimbabwe (GALZ) · Legal Resources Foundation (LRF) · Transparency International (Zimbabwe) (TI (Z)) · University of Zimbabwe Legal Aid and Advice Scheme · Zimbabwe Association for Crime Prevention and the Rehabilitation of the Offender (ZACRO) · Zimbabwe Civic Education Trust (ZIMCET) · Zimbabwe Human Rights Association (ZimRights) · Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights (ZLHR) · Zimbabwe Women Lawyers Association (ZWLA) Associate Member: · Nonviolent Action and Strategies for Social Change (NOVASC) The Human Rights Forum can be contacted through any member organisation or through: 1.
  • The Week's Top Stories

    The Week's Top Stories

    Defending free expression and the right to know The Media Monitoring Project Zimbabwe Monday June 7th - Sunday June 13th 2010 Weekly Media Review 2010-22 Contents 1. The week’s top stories 2. Distortion and censorship 3. The most popular voices THE WEEK’S TOP STORIES ALTHOUGH there was a significant increase in the media’s coverage of the constitutional reform programme compared to last week as the nation awaited the launch of the Constitutional Parliamentary Select Committee’s outreach exercise (by 58% in terms of the number of stories), the quality of the coverage still raised more questions than answers. Although COPAC inserted supplements in the Press identifying team members and venues for the consultation meetings in many of the country’s wards, there was no timetable for these meetings or any reassurances about the security of those making submissions. None of the media followed-up COPAC’s advertising initiative and few thought to pursue other issues of evident concern. In other stories, the Kimberley Process monitor Abbey Chikane’s alleged certification of Chiadzwa’s controversial diamonds sparked mixed reactions in the media and competed for attention alongside news of fresh tension in the coalition, ignited by blatant attempts to undermine the office of the Prime Minister by senior members of the ZANU PF arm of government. Fig 1: The most popular stories Media Inclusive Constitution Human Chiadzwa government reforms rights diamonds Public 14 14 7 10 Press ZBC 8 32 0 23 Private 22 8 13 12 papers Private 9 9 18 12 electronic media Total 53 63 38 57 Public media fail the nation IN THE week before the constitutional outreach consultation programme kicked off, there was still precious little effort by either the Constitutional Parliamentary Select Committee (COPAC) or the media to publicize essential issues about the exercise.
  • Problems Mount on Copac's Outreach Programme

    Problems Mount on Copac's Outreach Programme

    Defending free expression and your right to know The Media Monitoring Project Zimbabwe Monday August 30th – Sunday September 5th 2010 Weekly Media Review 2010-34 Contents 1. Top stories of the week 2. The media’s loudest voices 3. Human rights abuses Top stories of the week The visit by international music icons – US-based R&B singer Akon and his Jamaican Ragga counterpart, Sean Paul – as part of government efforts to rebrand the country’s battered image, hogged media limelight at the end of the week. But it was the crisis-ridden Constitutional Parliamentary Committee (Copac)’s consultation programme, bedevilled by funding and operational problems, which still received most publicity in both the government and private media during the week. Poor service delivery, especially by local government authorities and state-run companies, attracted significant media attention too. Fig. 1 illustrates this. Fig 1: Top stories in the media Media Akon/Sean Constitutional Poor service Labour Human Paul musical reforms delivery unrest rights show Public 22 30 26 7 2 Media Private 19 24 14 3 21 Media Total 41 54 40 10 23 Problems mount on Copac’s outreach programme News of the alleged reluctance by donors to fund the additional 25 days of the constitutional outreach programme marked the latest controversy to dog Zimbabwe’s constitution-making process in the week. But the media inadequately handled this development by largely failing to shine light on why the donors had rebuffed financing the extension of the exercise. Neither did they clear the confusion over the real reasons behind the extension given Copac’s controversial announcement in the week that it had allocated only two days for the outreach exercise in Harare and Bulawayo after initially giving the impression that the additional 25 days were mainly to accommodate the outreach programme in the two cities.
  • AC Vol 44 No 23

    AC Vol 44 No 23

    www.africa-confidential.com 21 November 2003 Vol 44 No 23 AFRICA CONFIDENTIAL ANGOLA 3 ZIMBABWE Holding the cash Big questions are to be decided Marching to Masvingo when the MPLA holds its congress President Mugabe’s exit plans are prompting unrest ahead of the in Luanda on 6-10 December: the ZANU-PF party congress selection of the party’s flagbearer and whether the party can tackle History is catching up with President Robert Gabriel Mugabe as he prepares for the party congress in graft in what bankers and diplomats Masvingo next month. Even political allies concede that Mugabe is well into extra time and must use the regard as one of the world’s most congress to set out his exit plan. First, he must find reliable candidates for two key posts: the vice- corrupt regimes. presidency of the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union-Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) to replace Simon Vengesayi Muzenda, who died on 20 September, and a Commander of the Zimbabwe Defence Force to ANGOLA 4replace 60-year-old General Vitalis Zvinavashe, who retired this month. The appointments are not entirely in Mugabe’s gift but unfriendly occupants could sabotage his efforts to secure legal protection Luanda’s money-go- and an acceptable successor in State House. Opposition optimists are convinced that Mugabe will use ZANU-PF’s congress in Masvingo to round announce his retirement. Yet that would leave a lame-duck leader presiding over the world’s fastest Mystery surrounds the ‘social shrinking economy: not an appealing prospect for Mugabe and his shrewd political planners.
  • ZIMBABWE COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY of ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service

    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION (COI) REPORT COI Service 25 March 2011 ZIMBABWE 25 MARCH 2011 Contents Preface Latest News EVENTS IN ZIMBABWE FROM 22 FEBRUARY 2011 TO 24 MARCH 2011 Useful news sources for further information REPORTS ON ZIMBABWE PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED BETWEEN 22 FEBRUARY 2011 AND 24 MARCH 2011 Paragraphs Background Information 1. GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................ 1.01 Public holidays ..................................................................................................... 1.06 Map ........................................................................................................................ 1.07 2. ECONOMY ................................................................................................................ 2.01 Remittances .......................................................................................................... 2.06 Sanctions .............................................................................................................. 2.08 3. HISTORY (19TH CENTURY TO 2008)............................................................................. 3.01 Matabeleland massacres 1983 - 87 ..................................................................... 3.03 Political events: late 1980s - 2007...................................................................... 3.06 Events in 2008 - 2010 ........................................................................................... 3.23
  • ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004

    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004

    ZIMBABWE COUNTRY REPORT April 2004 COUNTRY INFORMATION & POLICY UNIT IMMIGRATION & NATIONALITY DIRECTORATE HOME OFFICE, UNITED KINGDOM Zimbabwe April 2004 CONTENTS 1 Scope of the Document 1.1 –1.7 2 Geography 2.1 – 2.3 3 Economy 3.1 4 History 4.1 – 4.193 Independence 1980 4.1 - 4.5 Matabeleland Insurgency 1983-87 4.6 - 4.9 Elections 1995 & 1996 4.10 - 4.11 Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) 4.12 - 4.13 Parliamentary Elections, June 2000 4.14 - 4.23 - Background 4.14 - 4.16 - Election Violence & Farm Occupations 4.17 - 4.18 - Election Results 4.19 - 4.23 - Post-election Violence 2000 4.24 - 4.26 - By election results in 2000 4.27 - 4.28 - Marondera West 4.27 - Bikita West 4.28 - Legal challenges to election results in 2000 4.29 Incidents in 2001 4.30 - 4.58 - Bulawayo local elections, September 2001 4.46 - 4.50 - By elections in 2001 4.51 - 4.55 - Bindura 4.51 - Makoni West 4.52 - Chikomba 4.53 - Legal Challenges to election results in 2001 4.54 - 4.56 Incidents in 2002 4.57 - 4.66 - Presidential Election, March 2002 4.67 - 4.79 - Rural elections September 2002 4.80 - 4.86 - By election results in 2002 4.87 - 4.91 Incidents in 2003 4.92 – 4.108 - Mass Action 18-19 March 2003 4.109 – 4.120 - ZCTU strike 23-25 April 4.121 – 4.125 - MDC Mass Action 2-6 June 4.126 – 4.157 - Mayoral and Urban Council elections 30-31 August 4.158 – 4.176 - By elections in 2003 4.177 - 4.183 Incidents in 2004 4.184 – 4.191 By elections in 2004 4.192 – 4.193 5 State Structures 5.1 – 5.98 The Constitution 5.1 - 5.5 Political System: 5.6 - 5.21 - ZANU-PF 5.7 -
  • The President

    The President

    3 2003 Compilation and Parts 100–102 Revised as of January 1, 2004 The President Published by: Office of the Federal Register National Archives and Records Administration A Special Edition of the Federal Register VerDate mar<08>2004 10:49 Mar 12, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 8091 Sfmt 8091 C:\CFRS\PRESDOCS\2004\203005F.XXX PRFM99 PsN: 203005F U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 ii VerDate mar<08>2004 10:49 Mar 12, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 8092 Sfmt 8092 C:\CFRS\PRESDOCS\2004\203005F.XXX PRFM99 PsN: 203005F Table of Contents Page List of Title 3 Compilations ................................................................. iv Explanation of the Code of Federal Regulations ................................ v Explanation of This Title ..................................................................... ix How To Cite This Title ........................................................................ xi Title 3 .................................................................................................... xiii 2003 Compilation—Presidential Documents ........................... 1 Chapter I—Executive Office of the President .......................... 359 Title 3 Finding Aids ............................................................................. 369 Tables ........................................................................................
  • Zimbabwe Review, Vol. 25, No. 6

    Zimbabwe Review, Vol. 25, No. 6

    Zimbabwe Review, Vol. 25, No. 6 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.nuzr19942506 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org Zimbabwe Review, Vol. 25, No. 6 Alternative title Zimbabwe ReviewZimbabwe Review: official organ of the Zimbabwe African Peoples' Union (ZAPU) Author/Creator Publicity and Information Bureau of the Zimbabwe African People's Union Publisher Publicity and Information Bureau of the Zimbabwe African People's Union Date 1994-11-00 Resource type Magazines (Periodicals) Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) Zimbabwe, Southern Africa (region) Coverage (temporal) 1994 Rights By kind permission of ZANU, the Zimbabwe African National Union Patriotic Front.
  • Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social

    Faculty of Humanities, Development and Social

    FACULTY OF HUMANITIES, DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES SADC MEDIATION IN ZIMBABWE: LOST OPPORTUNITY FOR LASTING SOLUTION TO THE ZIMBABWE CRISIS By Petra Rumbidzai Chinyere Student No: 217077803 Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree, Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Transformation and Peace Studies, School of Social Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban. Supervisor: Dr. Rudigi Rukema Joseph SEPTEMBER 2020 DECLARATION I, Ms Petra R. Chinyere, declare as follows: 1. That the work described in this thesis has not been submitted to UKZN or other tertiary institution for purposes of obtaining an academic qualification, whether by myself or any other party. 2. That my contribution to the project was as follows: - The write up of the whole thesis. - Documentary search and all desk work. - Conducting all of the key informant interviews and all one-on-one interviews and also some of the Focus Group Discussions - All the transcription of audio recordings to typed work for data capture. - Funded the field research on my own as it was purely for academic purposes. 3. That the contributions of others to the project were as follows: - Norman Pinduka conducted one (1) focus group discussion in Harare and assisted partly on data capture as he transcribed the focus group discussion that he conducted. He also helped identify some of the respondents to the in-depth interviews that were conducted. - Tarisayi Chiyaka conducted 3 of the focus group discussions during data collection, in Bulawayo, Gweru and Masvingo. - Kilbride Kajengo did the type setting of the whole document and formatting. Signed Date 25-09-2020.