Geoarcheological Investigations of Wetland Cell D Within the Dallas Floodway Extension Project Area, Dallas, Texas
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Volume 2002 Article 21 2-2002 Geoarcheological Investigations of Wetland Cell D Within the Dallas Floodway Extension Project Area, Dallas, Texas David Shanabrook Geo-Marine, Inc. Duane E. Peter [email protected] Steven M. Hunt Geo-Marine, Inc. Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Shanabrook, David; Peter, Duane E.; and Hunt, Steven M. (2002) "Geoarcheological Investigations of Wetland Cell D Within the Dallas Floodway Extension Project Area, Dallas, Texas," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2002, Article 21. https://doi.org/ 10.21112/ita.2002.1.21 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2002/iss1/21 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Geoarcheological Investigations of Wetland Cell D Within the Dallas Floodway Extension Project Area, Dallas, Texas Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2002/iss1/21 GEOARCHEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS OF WETLAND CELL D WITHIN THE DALLAS FLOODWAY EXTENSION PROJECT AREA, DALLAS, TEXAS by David Shanabrook Duane E. Peter Steven M. Hunt Principal Investigator Duane E. Peter for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Fort Worth District P. O. Box 17300 Fort Worth, Texas 76102–0300 MISCELLANEOUS REPORTS OF INVESTIGATIONS NUMBER 233 Geo-Marine, Inc. 550 East 15th Street Plano, Texas 75074 February 2002 CONTRACT DATA The preparation of this document was accomplished under Contract No. DACA63-99-D-0010, Delivery Order No. 0033 (GMI project number 1010-A33/10100.00.33), with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, P.O. Box 17300, Fort Worth, Texas 76102-0300. ii MANAGEMENT SUMMARY The Dallas Floodway Extension project is designed to provide flood damage reduction and environmental restoration within the Trinity River flood plain between the Corinth Street Viaduct and Loop 12. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Fort Worth District, contracted with Geo-Marine, Inc., to conduct an archeological assessment of the proposed Wetland Cell D. The archeological assessment was to identify any potential archeological sites that may be eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places and to provide an assessment of the potential for buried landforms in the project area that may have intact archeological resources present. The geoarcheological investigations, involving the excavation of 10 backhoe trenches and the review of previous data collected within the Upper Trinity River drainage, revealed that the flood plain sediments of the Trinity River are quite variable, both horizontally and vertically. The data collected during the current investigations suggest that Cell D is located along or near the axis of a recent Trinity River meander belt that has cut deeply into the preexisting Quaternary sediments. This channel cut was then rapidly filled with fine-grained deposits possibly derived from the surrounding uplands and other areas upstream. In addition, the trenching revealed that the upper portions of the sediments within Cell D have been disturbed during the recent historic period, presumably by the construction of the Interstate 45 bridge and the activities of the nearby Dallas Central Wastewater Treatment Plant. The geoarcheological investigation in Wetland Cell D showed little potential for buried cultural deposits. The only cultural materials encountered were historic artifacts in the recent fill in the upper zone of the trenches. Considering the density of the material in some trenches, this is likely the result of dumping. The proposed development of Cell D will, therefore, not affect historic properties. Although the variability of the sediments in Cell D may be mirrored elsewhere in the proposed Dallas Floodway Extension project, it is impossible to extrapolate the results of this investigation to the remaining proposed wetlands. Given the variability exhibited by Cell D and the surrounding area, it is recommended that each proposed wetland will require similar geoarcheological investigations prior to any construction activities within the area. iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS MANAGEMENT SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .............................................................................................................. xi 1. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 2. PROJECT SETTING .................................................................................................................. 7 Environmental Background ..................................................................................................... 7 Cultural Setting ........................................................................................................................ 8 Previous Investigations ......................................................................................................... 8 East Fork Drainage .......................................................................................................... 10 Elm Fork Drainage .......................................................................................................... 10 West Fork Drainage ......................................................................................................... 12 Richland-Chambers Reservoir ......................................................................................... 12 Trinity River Basin .......................................................................................................... 13 Native American Background ............................................................................................ 13 Historic Background ........................................................................................................... 23 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................... 29 4. GEOMORPHOLOGY .............................................................................................................. 31 Introduction and General Geomorphology ............................................................................ 31 Data and Observations ........................................................................................................... 38 Discussion and Integration with Previous Work ................................................................... 40 Summary and Archeological Implications ............................................................................. 48 5. RECOMMENDATIONS .......................................................................................................... 51 REFERENCES CITED .................................................................................................................. 53 APPENDICES A: BACKHOE TRENCH PROFILE DESCRIPTIONS ...................................................... A-1 B: SELECTED PREVIOUSLY RECORDED GEOPROBE® EC PROFILES WITH INTERPRETED ALLUVIAL UNITS RELEVANT TO WETLAND CELL D ............ B-1 v vi LIST OF FIGURES 1. General location of Wetland Cell D within Dallas County ........................................................ 2 2. Map of Wetland Cell D project showing the backhoe trenches dug during the current investigation, as well as previously recorded sites and previous geoarcheological investigations .............................................................................................................................. 3 3. Historic maps from the 1850s to the latter 1950s show a stable active meander belt in the Trinity River flood plain area ..................................................................................................... 9 4. The upper Trinity River basin showing archeological sites mentioned in the text .................. 11 5. Geomorphological map of a portion of the Dallas Floodway and proposed extension ............ 34 6. Conceptual geological cross section of the Trinity River valley in the Dallas Floodway Extension area ........................................................................................................................... 35 7. Cross section along the western edge of Cell D ....................................................................... 39 8. Cross section showing relationship of Cell D deposits to those at site 41DL337 to the northwest and sites 41DL318 and 41DL319/357 to the southeast ........................................... 41 9. Relationship of the Wetland Cell D project to previous investigations of the geomorphology