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Late Bathonian Cardioceratidae (Ammonoidea) from the Middle Reaches of the Volga River V

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Late Bathonian Cardioceratidae (Ammonoidea) from the Middle Reaches of the Volga River V Paleontological Journal, Vol. 39, Suppl. 5, 2005, pp. S629–S644. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Mitta. English Translation Copyright © 2005 by MAIK “Nauka /Interperiodica” (Russia). Late Bathonian Cardioceratidae (Ammonoidea) from the Middle Reaches of the Volga River V. V. Mitta Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya 123, Moscow, 117997 Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received April 5, 2005 Abstract—Three new cardioceratid species with an abnormally short (0.5–0.6 whorls) body chamber were found while studying the coevolution of early Cardioceratidae and Kosmoceratidae (Paracadoceras keuppi, P. nageli, and P. efimovi). The interval marked by the occurrence of these ammonites is proposed as a new keuppi Zone, subterminal in the Upper Bathonian in the Russian Platform. This zone is apparently equivalent to the variabile and calyx zones of the Boreal (Eastern Greenland) scale and is represented in the basin of the Sura River by a series of quartz sands referred to the upper part of the Prialatyrskaya (=Lukoyanovskaya) Group. The Late Bathonian Cadoceras apertum Callomon et Birkelund and C. calyx Spath are described. The stratigraphic scheme of the Bathonian of the Russian Platforms and its correlation with the Boreal standard are proposed. Key words: Late Bathonian, Cardioceratidae, Ammonoidea, Middle Volga River. INTRODUCTION study of these shells showed that they belong to Late Bathonian members of the genus Kepplerites. Taking The base of the Jurassic in the middle reaches of the into account the importance of this discovery, from Volga River (Srednee Povolzh’e) is generally com- 2000 to 2003 I undertook systematic field work in the posed of light and yellow fine-grained quartz sands and Alatyr River basin. By now, four localities in Mordovia siltstones, frequently obliquely bedded, with interbeds and the Nizhnii Novgorod Region (the area studied is and nodules of sandstone, up to 20–30 m thick. This shown in Fig. 1) have yielded considerable material, series occurs over virtually the entire basin of the Alatyr River and sometimes outside it (Alatyr Uplift, Sura– represented by fossils of marine invertebrates and rep- Moksha dislocations). There are old records of the dis- tiles (Mitta and Efimov, 2004). covery of a fragment of a “shoulder bone, apparently of Fossils of marine reptiles are infrequently found in a plesiosaur” in these sands (Möller, 1875, p. 49). How- this area and include isolated vertebrae, fragments of ever, Möller (1875, p. 84–85) regarded these sands ribs and teeth, and isolated skull bones. Invertebrates as “diluvial,” i.e., Quaternary. The expedition of are represented by bivalves, belemnites, or accumula- V.V. Dokuchaev describing the soils of the Nizhnii tions of serpulid tubes. Ammonite shells (sometimes Novgorod Region determined that the series of sand excellently preserved) are especially numerous. They was overlain by the Lower Callovian clay, which belong to two families Kosmoceratidae (genus Kep- allowed the determination of the Jurassic age of this plerites s. str.) and Cardioceratidae (subfamily Cadocer- series (Zemyatchenskii and Dokuchaev, 1884; Sibirt- atinae, genera Paracadoceras and Cadoceras). sev, 1886). Based on the position in the section and scarce plant remains, this so-called Prialatyrskaya The outcrops are mainly sand pits dug for local Series (termed as such by Sibirtsev, 1886) was tenta- needs, less commonly relatively large quarries. They tively dated Bathonian. In the Unified Stratigraphic are mainly located on the slopes of watersheds. The Scheme of the Jurassic of the Russian Platform (1993), sections cut through the series of light and yellow fine- it was regarded as the upper member of the Lukoy- grained (in places medium-grained or silty micaceous) anovskaya Group. Until recently no documented mac- quartz sand with a few nodules and interbeds of sand- rofaunal remains have been known from the Prialatyr- stone. The sandstone varies from light-colored and yel- skaya Series. lowish red to dark brown, is irregularly cemented, from However, recently these “paleontologically silent loose to compact, and ferruginous. The thickness is at formations” (descriptive name given by Sibirtsev) least 8–12 m, but the lower parts of the sections are usu- “broke the oath of silence.” In 1999, in the vicinity of ally covered by talus. The top of the sand series fre- the town of Saransk, V.M. Efimov discovered vertebrae quently contains nodules and reddish yellow of ichthyosaurs and ammonite shells in sandstone bul- limonitized sandstone, up to 1 m in diameter, some- lion. These shells were passed on to me for study. The times forming a plate covering the sandy series (Fig. 2). S629 S630 MITTA The ammonite occurrences in the Alatyr II locality N Volga R. are found in the interval 1.0–5.5 m below the top of the Nizhnii sand series. The topmost occurrences contain Keppler- MOSCOW Novgorod ites vardekloeftensis Callomon, 1993. Two meters below the top, there are ammonites similar both to this Oka R. species and to K. peramplus Spath, to specimens fig- Alatyr’ ured by Dietl and Callomon (1988, text-figs. 3–5) (see Ryazan’ K. aff. peramplus; Mitta, 2004, pl. 2, figs. 1, 2), and a single specimen of Paracadoceras sp. (Pl. 7, fig. 5). 0 100 200 km Sura R. Saransk Below these, the occurrence contained Kepplerites (mostly not yet prepared) and three species of Paraca- Fig. 1. Map showing the location of the Alatyr I–IV sections doceras (P. nageli, P. efimovi, and P. keuppi), described (the area under study is shown by a rectangular). below. From the same locality (no exact details of occurrence known), Efimov found Kepplerites sval- bardensis Sokolov et Bodylevsky and Cadoceras calyx In Alatyr I, most shells come from the interval of Spath (Mitta, 2004, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2, respectively). 1.2–1.7 m below the top of the sand and are represented by ammonoids of the subfamily Cadoceratinae, sharply The Alatyr III locality is interesting in that all different from the known species in the short body records of ammonites are restricted here to a very nar- chamber (0.5–0.6 of the external whorl instead of 0.75– row (less than 0.4 m thick) interval of limonitized sand- 1.00 in younger members of the subfamily, i.e., stones at the top of the Prialatyrskaya series. The oryc- Cadoceras and Rondiceras). These shells are described tocoenosis of ammonites is monospecific. It is com- below as new species, Paracadoceras keuppi and posed of macro- and microconches of Cadoceras apertum Callomon et Birkelund. P. nageli. Shells of Kepplerites, which have been found here in situ, are very poorly preserved and cannot be In the Alatyr IV locality the ammonites are found in identified to species. The material collected loose from the interval of about 2.5 m. Ammonites are represented the talus requires preparation. by well-preserved microconches Kepplerites; numer- IV III II I Middle Callovian M 12 Oxfordlan C. elatmae, Q Cardioceras C. suevicum, Lower Cst. mundum 10 C. frearsi ? Callovian C. ex gr. elatmae Cadoceras sp. C. apertum K. vardekloeftensis 8 , P. keuppi K. aff. peramplus P. nageli P. keuppi 6 Kepplerites Upper Bathonian Paracadoceras Kepplerites sp. P. nageli, 4 P. efimovi 2 0 123456 Fig. 2. Middle Jurassic sections in the basin of the Alatyr River (localities I–IV). Explanations: (1) sand, (2) sandstone nodules, (3) clay, (4) carbonate nodules, (5) oolitic marl, and (6) conglomerate. Vertical lines show the intervals of the ammonoid occur- rences; circles show the levels of the occurrences of ammonites identified to species. PALEONTOLOGICAL JOURNAL Vol. 39 Suppl. 5 2005 LATE BATHONIAN CARDIOCERATIDAE (AMMONOIDEA) S631 ous, although poorly preserved macroconches of this It is noteworthy that the material is not sufficient for genus; and a few small Paracadoceras sp. the positive recognition of faunal horizons in the keuppi Zone. Therefore, they are established only preliminar- In most places, the Prialatyrskaya Series is trans- ily, until new data are obtained, including the succes- gressively overlain by the clay of the Uzhovskaya sions of Kepplerites, while their boundaries are shown Series, typical of the Lower Callovian elatmae Zone of by dashed lines. The accumulation of the sediments of dark gray clay with carbonate nodules, sometimes con- the Prialatyrskaya Series was apparently relatively taining complete shells of Cadoceras and Costaca- rapid, while the observed changes in the distribution of doceras. The lower 0.2–04 m are usually strongly ammonites, in the interval of a few meters, were likely sandy because of the erosion of the sandy series. The not to be connected with significant age differences. basal part of the Prialatyrskaya Series contained poorly The stratigraphic succession of the Late Bathonian preserved Cadoceras cf. bodylevskyi Frebold (section cardioceratids is studied in the greatest detail in eastern Alatyr III). About 1 m above the base, the series con- Greenland. The keuppi Zone is an approximate equiva- tained spherical carbonate nodules about 10–15 cm in lent of two eastern Greenland zones of the so-called diameter. These nodules are difficult to break (“cannon Boreal Bathonian (variabile and calyx), each of which is balls”) and do not contain faunal remains. The nodules subdivided into two faunal horizons (Callomon, 1993). are similar to those in the faunal horizon Kepplerites As a result of the new study the emended scheme of keppleri, in the outcrop near the village of Khvadukassi the Bathonian stratigraphy in the Russian Platform and in the basin of the Sura River (Mitta, 2000). The beds its correlation with the Boreal scale established by Cal- 2–2.5 m above the base in the same locality contain fre- lomon for eastern Greenland is proposed (table). The quent large elliptical carbonate nodules with excel- stratigraphy and correlation of the Lower Bathonian are lently preserved Cadoceras elatmae (Nikitin), C. elat- cited from those of the Saratov Povolzhye (Mitta et al., mae suevicum Callomon et al., and Costacadoceras 2004).
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