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DX7 PRODUCT PROFILE PART 1 PART 2 Marketing Product
DX7 PRODUCT PROFILE PART 1 PART 2 marketing product CONTENTS 目录 2 PART 1 Marketing 1. marketing analysis 2. DX7 position 1. Marketing Analysis competitive products focused : l DX7,2700mm wheel base ,marches towards midsize car market. l Considering from the close entry price,wheel base and market share,we sum up some of the competitive products as below: benchmarking core competitive competitive product: product: Haval H6 ChanganCS75 4 1. Marketing Analysis competitive products focused : major competitive products: Pentium X80 DongFeng FengShenAX7 subordinate competitive Chery Tiggo5 BYD S6 product: 5 1. Marketing Analysis competitive products focused : subordinate competitive products: GAC TrumpchiGS4 VenuciaT70 JAC S5 6 2. DX7 position Hitting Directly the Target Market--- Marching towards A-Class SUV Marketing Hitiing on City SUV face to the opportunity: Market demand:the market potential for A-Class City SUV is remarkeable. 7 2. DX7 position Dedicated to creating SEM'S first Intelligent City Luxury SUV with global fashion shape、 international building cars quality and supassing the same level market . 8 2. DX7position All-Around Safety Super Configuration l C-NCAP five star safety design Fashion Design l APA automatic parking system standard,super high strengh cage body l designed by global famous design l AVM All-around View Monitor structure company ---Pininfarina l voice recognition system l positive safety l Pininfarina sport esthetics system(ESC/ROP/HDC/HSA) l EAGLE fairshape design l BSW l LED daytime running lamp+AFS Excellent -
Fakulta Strojní Ústav Automobilů, Spalovacích Motorů a Kolejových Vozidel
ČESKÉ VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V PRAZE FAKULTA STROJNÍ ÚSTAV AUTOMOBILŮ, SPALOVACÍCH MOTORŮ A KOLEJOVÝCH VOZIDEL PŘEHLED A TRENDY VE VÝVOJI PŘEVODOVEK OSOBNÍCH AUTOMOBILŮ OVERVIEW AND TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PASSENGER CAR TRANSMISSIONS BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE AUTOR PRÁCE: Monika Rémišová VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE: doc. Dr. Ing. Gabriela Achtenová AKADEMICKÝ ROK: 2017/2018 STUDIJNÍ PROGRAM: Strojírenství STUDIJNÍ OBOR: Konstruování podporované počítačem Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem svou bakalářskou práci vypracovala samostatně a použila pouze podklady uvedené v přiloženém seznamu. Nemám závažný důvod proti užití tohoto díla ve smyslu § 60 Zákona č.121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon). V Praze dne 12. 7. 2018 …………………………………… Monika Rémišová Poděkování Ráda bych tímto chtěla poděkovat vedoucí mé bakalářské práce doc. Dr. Ing. Gabriele Achtenové za zájem, vedení, cenné rady a čas, který mi věnovala. Anotace RÉMIŠOVÁ M., Přehled a trendy ve vývoji převodovek osobních automobilů, Praha 6, 2018. Bakalářská práce na Strojní fakultě ČVUT v Praze. Vedoucí baka- lářské práce doc. Dr. Ing. Gabriela Achtenová. 47 stran, 3 obrázky, 27 grafů Bakalářská práce je zaměřena na převodové systémy, které byly používány v le- tech 1995 až 2016 v osobních automobilech. Jsou popsány funkce hybridních vo- zidel a jejich užití. Hlavním cílem je graficky zpracovat statistiku. Klíčová slova Statistika, převodovka, převodové ústrojí, pohon, osobní automobil Annotation RÉMIŠOVÁ M., Overview and trends in the development of passenger car transmissions, Prague 6, 2018. The Bechelor´s work at Machine faculty CTU in Prague. The supervisor of this bachelor´s work is doc. Dr. Ing. Gabriela Achtenová. 47 pages, 3 pictures, 27 graphs This bachelor´s work is specialized in gearbox that were used from 1995 to 2016 in passanger cars. -
Tech2win Coverage Exceptions
https://tis2web.service.gm.com/tis2web/?target=ADN0I0IQ0I04C0I0&target.method=onSubmit&newsmen u:AQJ0I0TV0I01F0I0=1&bm=newsmenu:AQJ0I0TV0I01F0I0#newsmenu:AQJ0I0TV0I01F0I0 This document introduces Tech2Win, a PC program that executes Tech2 software on a Windows PC. Tech2Win communicates with a vehicle through a vehicle communication interface (VCI), using the MDI. Almost all vehicle systems supported by Tech2 will also work with the Tech2Win. The same software downloaded and executed on Tech2 will also run on Tech2Win. For that reason, the TIS2Web communication procedures used for Tech2 are also applicable for Tech2Win. Tech2Win allows you to store as many configurations as you wish. A configuration defines how Tech2Win is to be used. Each configuration may use its own PCMCIA card file or MDI serial number. To learn more about Tech2Win please consult the help that comes with Tech2Win. Model Vehicle Series Systems Remarks Year Chevrolet ISO-9141 \ 2011 Optra, Spark,Epica,Aveo RKE\RFA KW08\SDLISO - Holden Epica, Barina Not Implemented Chevrolet Optra ISO-9141 \ 2009- SIR KW08\SDLISO - 2011 Holden Viva Not Implemented Chevrolet Optra, Spark,Epica,Aveo ISO-9141 \ 2009- Holden Epica, Barina RKE\RFA KW08\SDLISO - 2010 Pontiac Not Implemented G3,Wave,Matiz ISO-9141 \ 2009 Buick Excelle RKE\RFA, SIR KW08\SDLISO - Not Implemented GM UART \ 2008 Chevrolet Tracker IMMO XDE5024 - Not Implemented GM UART \ 2008 Chevrolet Vivant ECM XDE5024 - Not Implemented Chevrolet GM UART \ 2007 Passenger Car ECM XDE5024 - Not (Z) 2.0L L4 L34 Implemented 2007- Buick -
QYT AUTO PARTS CO., LTD Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] Whatsapp: +86 13634216230 QYT No
QYT AUTO PARTS CO., LTD Email: [email protected] ; [email protected] WhatsApp: +86 13634216230 QYT no. Description Corss Ref. Application TOYOTA;LEXUS (SO0001‐SO0300) TOYOTA CAMRY ACV40 06‐12; SO0001 Steering Tie rod ends 45470‐09090 LEXUS LEXUS ES350/ES240 07‐ TOYOTA CAMRY ACV40 06‐12; SO0002 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐09140 LEXUS LEXUS ES350/ES240 07‐ TOYOTA CAMRY SO0003 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐09160 ACV50(2012‐) TOYOTA CAMRY SO0004 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐09250 ACV50(2012‐) GEELY PANDA,HAIJING,GEELY YUANJING, YUANJING 18‐, SO0005 Steering Tie rod ends 45047‐49045 YUANJINGX3,GEELY EMGRAND EC7,GEELY ENGLON ,BINRUI;BYD F0,BYD F3/F3R/G3/G3R/L3;TOYOTA COROLLA;LIFAN LIFAN 620;JAC YUEYUE GEELY PANDA,HAIJING,GEELY YUANJING, YUANJING 18‐, SO0006 Steering Tie rod ends 45046‐49115 YUANJINGX3,GEELY EMGRAND EC7,GEELY ENGLON ,BINRUI;BYD F0,BYD F3/F3R/G3/G3R/L3;TOYOTA COROLLA;LIFAN LIFAN 620;JAC YUEYUE CHANGAN RAETON;TOYOTA CAMRY2.4/3.0 (03),PREVIA ACR30 (34M); SO0007 Steering Tie rod ends 45460‐39615 LEXUS ES300/MCV30 01‐06 CHANGAN RAETON;TOYOTA CAMRY2.4/3.0 (03),PREVIA ACR30 (34M); SO0008 Steering Tie rod ends 45470‐39215 LEXUS ES300/MCV30 01‐06 BYD SURUI,SONG MAX;ZOTYE Z300; SO0009 Steering Tie rod ends 45046‐09590 TOYOTA COROLLA 07‐/VERSO 11‐/LEVIN 14‐ BYD SURUI ,SONG MAX;ZOTYE Z300; SO0010 Steering Tie rod ends 45047‐09590 TOYOTA COROLLA 07‐/VERSO 11‐/LEVIN 14‐ SO0011 Steering Tie rod ends 45464‐30060 TOYOTA REIZ/CROWN;LEXUS LEXUS IS250/300 06‐,GS300/350/430 05‐ SO0012 Steering Tie rod ends 45463‐30130 TOYOTA REIZ/CROWN;LEXUS LEXUS -
Evidence from Chinese Electric Automotive Industry Leader BYD
2016 Proceedings of PICMET '16: Technology Management for Social Innovation Catching Up in a Bidirectional Way: Evidence from Chinese Electric Automotive Industry Leader BYD Bowen Zhang, Xianjun Li, Donghui Meng, Lewis Liu Department of Automotive Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety and Energy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China Abstract--To catch up with leaders, whether latecomers for industrial practice, as some latecomer firms do use both should follow an “imitation to innovation” path or an ways to catch up at the same time. One important reason for “innovating to leapfrog” path is still not quite clear. To shine this gap between theory and practice is that the technology a some light on this issue, we focus on the case of BYD, a latecomer firm needs for catching up at a certain stage is latecomer growing from nobody to the pioneer of Chinese usually treated as a whole. In fact, the technology consists of electric automotive industry and the champion in world electric vehicle sales in a dozen years. We find that BYD catches up in a different parts, a latecomer firm may be weak in most of the bidirectional way by which it has kept doing imitation and technology that it needs to learn from imitation, but it may be innovation from the start and made them well balanced to relatively strong in a certain technology that it can do R&D achieve the best of cost performance. This is different from the and innovate. In other words, latecomer firms may not catch unidirectional view that a latecomers’ catching-up either starts up in a unidirectional way, either imitation or innovation, but from a reverse innovation way like "from imitation to in a bidirectional way that they do imitation and innovation at innovation", or from a leapfrogging way that requires the same time. -
12 11 China Top Sellers.Qxp
China’s top 5 sellers by market segment – Dec. 2011 Top 5 minicars Top 5 luxury cars Dec. 12 mos. Dec. 12 mos. Dec. % change 12 mos. % change Dec. % change 12 mos. % change 2011 from 2010 2011 from 2010 2011 from 2010 2011 from 2010 1. Chery QQ 13,502 2% 150,769 –6% 1. Audi A6L 8,931 –13% 111,806 –3% 2. Changan Benben Mini 3,433 –66% 88,599 44% 2. Audi A4L 7,049 73% 87,262 49% 3. BYD F0 2,824 –81% 82,603 –44% 3. BMW 5 series 5,704 16% 65,494 60% 4. Chevrolet Spark 5,710 –25% 70,258 –10% 4. Mercedes-Benz E class 10,406 212% 44,994 307% 5. Suzuki Wagon R+/Beidouxin 7,150 0% 58,158 –18% 5. BMW 7 series 3,826 73% 37,025 56% Segment total 48,950 –32% 623,254 –8% Segment total 64,557 40% 597,966 30% Top 5 sub-compact cars Top 5 SUVs Dec. 12 mos. Dec. 12 mos. Dec. % change 12 mos. % change Dec. % change 12 mos. % change 2011 from 2010 2011 from 2010 2011 from 2010 2011 from 2010 1. Chevrolet New Sail 18,852 15% 197,888 51% 1. Honda CR-V 17,380 47% 160,003 14% 2. Volkswagen Polo 21,670 29% 168,083 34% 2. Great Wall Hover H3/H5 16,621 18% 133,519 14% 3. Hyundai Verna 11,884 13% 138,525 212% 3. Volkswagen Tiguan 6,790 630% 129,172 83% 4. Xiali Xiali N3 9,508 –24% 133,595 1% 4. -
Item No. TPSK Kit No. Transmission Model Location Drawing Photo Vehicle / Model 1 TPSK001 01M/01N/01P (1989-Up) 095/096/097/098
TPSK Kit No. Item Transmission location Drawing Photo Vehicle / Model No. Model 1 C3 Retainer 57020 2 B2 Piston 57021 3 C2 Reverse Piston 57022 AUDI: A3, A4, A6, AVANT, CABRIOLET, COUPE TPSK001 FORD: GAlAXY 01M/01N/01P MERCEDES BENZ: V-CLASS 4 (1989-up) C3 Piston 57023 SEAT: ALHAMBRA, TOLEDO 095/096/097/098 VOLKSWAGEN: BEETLE, BORA, CABRIO, (1995-up) CARAVELLE, EUROVAN, GOLF, GTI, JETTA, C1 Forward Clutch JETTA WAGON, PASSAT, POLO, SHARAN, 5 57024 VENTO Piston B1 (Low/Reverse) 6 57025 Piston C1 Forward Clutch 7 57026 Retainer 8 B2-4 Piston 56964 9 Input Clutch Retainer 56965 10 Forward Clutch Piston 56966 TPSK002 TOYOTA: PASEO, VIOS, RUSH U540E Forward Clutch 11 56967 Retainer Low/ Reverse Clutch 12 56968 Piston 13 Input Clutch Piston 56969 BUICK: EXCELLE 14 C Brake Piston 56970 CHEVROLET: EPICA, OPTRA, ORLANDO TPSK003 DAEWOO: CIELO, LACETTI, LANOS, ZF4HP16 LEGANZA, MAGNUS, REZZO, TACOMA, 15 D Brake Piston 56970 VIVANT SUZUKI: FORENZA, RENO, VERONA TPSK Kit No. Item Transmission location Drawing Photo Vehicle / Model No. Model C2 Direct Clutch 16 56978 Piston C3 Reverse Clutch AUDI: A2,TT BMW: MINI CLUBMAN, MINI COOPER 17 TPSK004 56979 Retainer SAAB: 9'3 09G/09K/09M/ SEAT: ALTEA, LEON, TOLEDO TF-60SN/ C1 Forward Clutch SKODA: SUPERB TF-62SN 18 56980 VOLKSWAGEN: BEETLE, GOLF, JETTA, Retiner PASSAT, TIGUAN, TOURAN, TRANSPORTER C2 Direct Clutch 19 56981 Retainer 20 Servo Piston 56817 Low/Reverse Brake 21 56818 Piston Direct Clutch Apply 22 56731 Piston MAZDA: 2,3,3i, 3S, 3SP23, 323, 5, 6, 6i, 8, TPSK005 Forward Clutch Apply ATENZA, AXELA, WAGON, BIANTE, CX7, 23 56732 FN4A-EL Piston DEMIO, FAMILIA, MPV(VAN), PREMACY, PROTEGE, TRIBUTE, VERISA 24 Reverse Clutch Piston 56811 Forward Clutch 25 56816 Retainer 26 Direct Clutch Retainer 56815 27 Reverse Clutch Piston 57943 28 Servo Piston 56817 MAZDA: 2,3,3i, 3S, 3SP23, 323, 5, 6, 6i, 8, TPSK005A ATENZA, AXELA, WAGON, BIANTE, CX7, FN4A-EL DEMIO, FAMILIA, MPV(VAN), PREMACY, Low/Reverse Brake PROTEGE, TRIBUTE, VERISA 29 56818 Piston Direct Clutch Apply 30 56731 Piston TPSK Kit No. -
Electrifying the World's Largest New Car Market; Reinstate At
August 31, 2016 ACTION Buy BYD Co. (1211.HK) Return Potential: 15% Equity Research Electrifying the world’s largest new car market; reinstate at Buy Source of opportunity Investment Profile Electrification is set to reshape China’s auto market and we expect BYD to Low High lead this trend given its strong product portfolio, vertically integrated model Growth Growth and high OPM vs. peers. A comparative analysis with Tesla shows many Returns * Returns * strategic similarities but BYD’s new energy vehicle business trades at a sizable Multiple Multiple discount, which we see as unjustified given its large cost savings, capacity Volatility Volatility utilization, and front-loaded investment. China’s new energy vehicle market is Percentile 20th 40th 60th 80th 100th poised to deliver c.30% CAGR (vs. 4% for traditional cars) over the next decade. BYD Co. (1211.HK) We have removed the RS designation from BYD. It is on the Buy List with a Asia Pacific Autos & Autoparts Peer Group Average * Returns = Return on Capital For a complete description of the investment 12-m TP of HK$61.93, implying 15% upside. Our scenario analysis, flexing profile measures please refer to the disclosure section of this document. sales volume and margin assumptions, implies a further 30% valuation upside. Catalyst Key data Current Price (HK$) 54.00 1) More cities in China are likely to announce local preferential policies in 12 month price target (HK$) 61.93 Market cap (HK$ mn / US$ mn) 110,705.4 / 14,270.1 the new energy vehicle (NEV) segment once the result of the subsidy fraud Foreign ownership (%) -- probe is announced. -
Single Vehicle Universal Credits Unlimited Year/Model Universal
Single Unlimited Vehicle Year/Model Model Type Year Universal Universal Credits Credits AUDI A3 2.0L TFSI (8P, 8V) (MED9.1, MED17.5) (*****) 04-- 4 N/A 15 AUDI A4 2.0L TFSI (B8) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 07--18 6 N/A AUDI A4 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 08--11 6 N/A AUDI A4 3.0L TFSI (B8/B8.5) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 12--18 6 N/A AUDI A5 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 08--10 6 N/A AUDI A5 3.0L TFSI (B8/B8.5) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 11--18 6 N/A AUDI A6 2.0L TFSI (C7) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 12--18 6 N/A AUDI A6 3.0L TFSI (C7) SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 14--18 6 N/A AUDI A6/A6L 3.0L TFSI (C7) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 11--18 6 N/A AUDI A7 3.0L TFSI (4G) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 10--11 6 N/A AUDI A7 3.0L TFSI (4G) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 14--17 6 N/A AUDI A8/A8L 3.0L TFSI (D4) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 10--11 6 N/A AUDI A8/A8L 3.0L TFSI (D4) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 13--14 6 N/A AUDI A8/A8L 4.0L TFSI (D4) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--18 6 N/A AUDI Q5 3.0L TFSI (8RB) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 12--13 6 N/A AUDI Q5 3.0L TFSI (8RB) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 15--17 6 N/A AUDI RS4 4.2L FSI (B8.5) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 12--17 6 N/A AUDI RS5 4.2L FSI (B8/B8.5) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 10--17 6 N/A AUDI RS6 4.0L TFSI (C7) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--18 6 N/A AUDI RS7 4.0L TFSI (4G) (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--18 6 N/A AUDI RSQ3 2.5L TFSI (MED17.1.1) (*****) 13--16 6 N/A AUDI S3 2.0L TFSI (8P, 8V) (MED9.1) (*****) 06--19 4 N/A AUDI S4 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 09--10 6 N/A AUDI S4 3.0L TFSI (B8.5) (SIMOS 8.5) (*****) 11--16 6 N/A AUDI S5 3.0L TFSI (B8) (SIMOS 8.4) (*****) 09--10 6 N/A AUDI S5 3.0L TFSI (B8/B8.5) -
About General Motors China 02 2018 GM China Corporate Social Responsibility Report 03
For years, we have said that the auto industry is experiencing more change today than in the past 50 years. That pace of change is only accelerating. With the right team, technology, resources and scale to achieve our vision of zero Contents crashes, zero emissions and zero congestion, I believe the only thing that can stop us is not acting quickly enough. Disruption creates uncertainty, but it also creates vast possibilities 02 Leadership Message that will lead to a better world. 04 2018 Highlights Mary Barra, General Motors Chairman and CEO 06 Sustainable Vision Creating a Future of Zero Crashes, Zero Emissions and Zero Congestion 08 Sustainable Growth Innovate Now: Seeing Things Not as They Are But as They Could Be Products, Technology and Experience Driving Industry Development 14 On the Spot Optimizing Our Facilities Committed to Safety in Everything We Do Addressing New Security Challenges 20 Special Focus Green Supply Chain 22 Working Together for a Sustainable Future GM and Our Customers GM and Our Employees GM and Our Community 32 Corporate Social Responsibility Management Corporate Social Responsibility Strategy Stakeholder Involvement Honors and Recognition 35 About General Motors China 02 2018 GM China Corporate Social Responsibility Report 03 Leadership Message Corporate Social Responsibility is Synonymous with Our Business Strategy in How do employee volunteers support GM China activities? China at General Motors Our employees have long been active What role does corporate social GM is on track to deliver 10 NEV models participants in many of GM China's CSR responsibility (CSR) play in GM China’s in China between 2016 and 2020, and activities. -
FCAR Diagnostic List Odometer V630rc1
FCAR Diagnostic List Odometer_v630rc1 Remark: 1.√ : means that the system has this function 2. - : means that the system does not have this function 3.compared with the last version, the new added function is marked in red color. Function Car model menu Odometer Calibration Remark (other functions) Demo mode Shanghai GM models New GL8, New Regal, New LaCrosse, CRUZE, EXCELLE, Shanghai GM √ Malibu, Chevrolet hornet car Buick Lucerne (2007-) √ XTS 2013-, CTS 2013-, ATS 2013-、SRX, DTS, STS, Cadillac √ Escalade, CT6 2016- Camaro, Corvette, Cruze, Malibu, Alero、Grand AM、 Chevrolet √ Spark 2014, Suburban, TRA, Tahoe, Silverado, Sonic Captiva, Astro, Avalanche, Alero, Aveo, Blazer, Chevrolet √ Cavalier, Colorado, Equinox, Express, Impala Terrain, Canyon,Denali, Savana、Sierra, Yukon, GMC commercial vehicles √ Acadia, Safari, Sonoma Hummer H2、H3 √ Torrent, Grand AM, Sunfire, Boneville, Aztek, Grand Pontiac √ Prix, Firebird Saturn Outlook(2007-), Saturn √ OLDSMOBILE Alero, Aurora, Intrigue, Oldsmobile, Silhouette √ VW Bora, POLO and other common car models √ Audi A6L、Q7、A4 √ Skoda Common car models √ SEAT Common car models √ OPEL INSIGNIA, ASTRA √ Hyundai Accent, Verna, Veloster, Gets, I20, I25 √ Elantra D70F3536, Tucson 2016 D70F3536, imported Hyundai √ Sonata 9 Hyundai HB20 D70F3423 √ 第 1 页,共 4 页 FCAR Diagnostic List Odometer_v630rc1 Remark: 1.√ : means that the system has this function 2. - : means that the system does not have this function 3.compared with the last version, the new added function is marked in red color. Function Car model menu -
Kevin Wale Remarks Outline
Kevin Wale Remarks Creating a Home Away from Home Automotive News Europe Congress June 21, 2006 Slide 1 Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen. I want to thank Automotive News Europe for the opportunity to be a member of this panel. The theme of this year’s conference is “Winning at Home and Away.” I’d like to suggest that it is not, in fact, about winning at home and away. It’s about winning by creating a home away from home. This more accurately reflects GM’s thinking and practices. In today’s increasingly globalized world, “away” becomes a relative term. “Home” from a corporate mindset standpoint can and should be anywhere. In fact, the more inconsequential the geographical location of your corporate headquarters, the more global you truly are. At GM, it’s more than a mindset. Our "home” is wherever we lay our hat … and for our company, that’s in nearly two hundred countries around the world. Slide 2 We’re establishing centers of expertise outside the Detroit area. An example is our product design and development programs. Home for our global small car and mini-car program is Korea. Home for our global rear- wheel-drive program is Australia. And home for our global intermediate car is Germany. Another way we make our local operations a home away from home is by adapting the best practices and processes GM has to offer, not just from Detroit but from around the world. I’ll talk more about this later. Finally, we make our local operations feel like a home away from home by customizing and integrating them into the local landscape, by thinking locally – by managing with locals, by reflecting local customs and market requirements.