NEWSPAPER 88

Electric field strength around a field-emitting carbon nanotube measured by electron holography. As electrons in an imaging beam are scattered by the nanotube, they acquire a phase shift due to the varying potential. A measurement of this shift therefore gives the electric potential, and the gradient of the phase shift (depicted in the image) shows the field strength. See article 056804.

PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS pages) total (352 2002 February 4 050401–059901, (5), 88 PRL Contents

VOLUME 88, NUMBER 5 4 February 2002

General Physics Generic Entanglement Generation, Quantum Statistics, and Complementarity ...... 050401 S. Bose and D. Home Conservation Laws, Uncertainty Relations, and Quantum Limits of Measurements ...... 050402 Masanao Ozawa Aharonov-Casher-Effect Suppression of Macroscopic Tunneling of Magnetic Flux ...... 050403 Jonathan R. Friedman and D. V. Averin System Size Resonance in Coupled Noisy Systems and in the Ising Model ...... 050601 A. Pikovsky, A. Zaikin, and M. A. de la Casa Quantum Afterburner: Improving the Efficiency of an Ideal Heat Engine ...... 050602 Marlan O. Scully Observable Dependence of Fluctuation-Dissipation Relations and Effective Temperatures ...... 050603 Suzanne Fielding and Peter Sollich

Gravitation and Astrophysics Measurements of Cosmic-Ray Low-Energy Antiproton and Proton Spectra in a Transient Period of Solar Field Reversal ...... 051101 Y. Asaoka et al.

Elementary Particles and Fields Determining the Structure of Higgs Couplings at the CERN Large Hadron Collider ...... 051801 Tilman Plehn, David Rainwater, and Dieter Zeppenfeld Measuring the Photon Polarization in B ! Kppg ...... 051802 Michael Gronau, Yuval Grossman, Dan Pirjol, andp Anders Ryd Production of Prompt Charmonia in e1e2 Annihilation at s ഠ 10.6 GeV ...... 052001 K. Abe et al. (Belle Collaboration) Observation of the Color-Suppressed Decay B 0 ! D0p0 ...... 052002 K. Abe et al. (Belle Collaboration) Leading Chiral Contributions to the Spin Structure of the Proton ...... 052003 Jiunn-Wei Chen and Xiangdong Ji

Nuclear Physics Intermediate Mass Fragment Emission Pattern in Peripheral Heavy-Ion Collisions at Fermi Energies ...... 052701 S. Piantelli, L. Bidini, G. Poggi, M. Bini, G. Casini, P. R. Maurenzig, A. Olmi, G. Pasquali, A. A. Stefanini, and N. Taccetti

Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Local Approximation of the Correlation Energy Functional in the Density Matrix Functional Theory ...... 053001 Koji Yasuda (Continued on Third Cover) 5

Copyright 2002 by The American Physical Society Contents (Continued)

Magnetically Quantized Continuum Distorted Waves ...... 053201 D. S. F. Crothers, D. M. McSherry, S. F. C. O’Rourke, M. B. Shah, C. McGrath, and H. B. Gilbody Deceptive Signals of Phase Transitions in Small Magnetic Clusters ...... 053401 Heinrich Stamerjohanns, Oliver Mülken, and Peter Borrmann Intrinsic and Extrinsic Nature of the Orbital Angular Momentum of a Light Beam ...... 053601 A. T. O’Neil, I. MacVicar, L. Allen, and M. J. Padgett Coherent Radiation from Neutral Molecules Moving above a Grating ...... 053602 Alexey Belyanin, Vitaly Kocharovsky, Vladimir Kocharovsky, and Federico Capasso Nonperturbative Coherent Population Trapping: An Analytic Model ...... 053603 V. Delgado and J. M. Gomez Llorente

Nonlinear Dynamics, Fluid Dynamics, Classical Optics, etc. Rotating Optical Soliton Clusters ...... 053901 Anton S. Desyatnikov and Yuri S. Kivshar Semiquantal Approach to Finite Systems of Interacting Particles ...... 054101 F. Borgonovi, G. Celardo, F. M. Izrailev, and G. Casati Phase Synchronization of Chaotic Rotators ...... 054102 Grigory V. Osipov, Arkady S. Pikovsky, and Jürgen Kurths Sensitivity of Wave Field Evolution and Manifold Stability in Chaotic Systems ...... 054103 Nicholas R. Cerruti and Steven Tomsovic Minimal Model for Sand Dunes ...... 054301 Klaus Kroy, Gerd Sauermann, and Hans J. Herrmann Large Scale Structures, Symmetry, and Universality in Sandpiles ...... 054302 David Hughes and Maya Paczuski Evolution of Hexagonal Patterns from Controlled Initial Conditions in a Bénard-Marangoni Convection Experiment 054501 Denis Semwogerere and Michael F. Schatz Controlling Wake Turbulence ...... 054502 B. S. V. Patnaik and G. W. Wei Scaling and Universality in Turbulent Convection ...... 054503 Antonio Celani, Takeshi Matsumoto, Andrea Mazzino, and Massimo Vergassola

Plasma and Beam Physics Evolution of Ultracold Neutral Plasmas ...... 055001 S. Mazevet, L. A. Collins, and J. D. Kress Simulation of the Expansion of an Ultracold Neutral Plasma ...... 055002 F. Robicheaux and James D. Hanson Effect of Hyperdiffusivity on Turbulent Dynamos with Helicity ...... 055003 Axel Brandenburg and Graeme R. Sarson Stochastic Heating and Acceleration of Electrons in Colliding Laser Fields in Plasma ...... 055004 Z.-M. Sheng, K. Mima, Y. Sentoku, M. S. Jovanovic´, T. Taguchi, J. Zhang, and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn Island Dynamics in the Large-Helical-Device Plasmas ...... 055005 N. Ohyabu et al. Observation of the Fast Potential Change at L-H Transition by a Heavy-Ion-Beam Probe on JFT-2M ...... 055006 T. Ido, K. Kamiya, Y. Miura, Y. Hamada, A. Nishizawa, and Y. Kawasumi

Condensed Matter: Structure, etc. Angular Gaps in Radial Diffusion-Limited Aggregation: Two Fractal Dimensions and Nontransient Deviations from Linear Self-Similarity ...... 055501 Benoit B. Mandelbrot, Boaz Kol, and Amnon Aharony Geometric Approach to the Dynamic Glass Transition ...... 055502 Tomás S. Grigera, Andrea Cavagna, Irene Giardina, and Giorgio Parisi How to Couple Landau Theory to an Equation of State ...... 055503 A. Tröster, W. Schranz, and R. Miletich

(Continued on Preceding Page) Contents (Continued)

Differential Photoelectron Holography: A New Approach for Three-Dimensional Atomic Imaging ...... 055504 S. Omori, Y. Nihei, E. Rotenberg, J. D. Denlinger, S. Marchesini, S. D. Kevan, B. P. Tonner, M. A. Van Hove, and C. S. Fadley Evolution of Gas-Filled Nanocracks in Crystalline Solids ...... 055505 M. Hartmann and H. Trinkaus Exact Multifractal Spectra for Arbitrary Laplacian Random Walks ...... 055506 M. B. Hastings Submicrometer Coherent Neutron Beam Production Using a Thin-Film Waveguide ...... 055507 F. Pfeiffer, V. Leiner, P. Høghøj, and I. Anderson Reactions and Diffusion of Water and Oxygen Molecules in Amorphous SiO2 ...... 055508 T. Bakos, S. N. Rashkeev, and S. T. Pantelides Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals Under Negative Pressures ...... 055701 V. Manjuladevi, R. Pratibha, and N. V. Madhusudana Triple-Point Wetting on Rough Substrates ...... 055702 A. Esztermann, M. Heni, H. Löwen, J. Klier, M. Sohaili, and P. Leiderer Anomaly of the Nonergodicity Parameter and Crossover to White Noise in the Fast Relaxation Spectrum of a Simple Glass Former ...... 055703 S. V. Adichtchev, St. Benkhof, Th. Blochowicz, V.N. Novikov, E. Rössler, Ch. Tschirwitz, and J. Wiedersich Shear Instability of g-Fe in Bulk and in Ultrathin Films ...... 056101 D. Spisˇák and J. Hafner Random Walks on a (2 1 1)-Dimensional Deformable Medium ...... 056102 Sheng-You Huang, Xian-Wu Zou, Wen-Bing Zhang, and Zhun-Zhi Jin Measuring Surface Stress Discontinuities in Self-Organized Systems with X Rays ...... 056103 B. Croset, Y. Girard, G. Prévot, M. Sotto, Y. Garreau, R. Pinchaux, and M. Sauvage-Simkin Stability of Metal Vicinal Surfaces Revisited ...... 056104 M. C. Desjonquères, D. Spanjaard, C. Barreteau, and F. Raouafi

Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc. Stationary Polaron Motion in a Polymer Chain at High Electric Fields ...... 056401 D. M. Basko and E. M. Conwell Phase Diagram of the One-Dimensional Extended Hubbard Model at Half Filling ...... 056402 M. Tsuchiizu and A. Furusaki Effective Mass Anisotropy of G Electrons in GaAs͞AlGaAs Quantum Wells ...... 056403 T. Reker, H. Im, L. E. Bremme, H. Choi, Y. Chung, P. C. Klipstein, and Hadas Shtrikman Spin Dynamics from Time-Dependent Spin-Density-Functional Theory ...... 056404 Zhixin Qian and Giovanni Vignale 0 Ab Initio Evaluation of the Charge Ordering in a NaV2O5 ...... 056405 Nicolas Suaud and Marie-Bernadette Lepetit Many-Body GW Calculations of Ground-State Properties: Quasi-2D Electron Systems and van der Waals Forces . . . 056406 P. García-González and R. W. Godby Entropy of Vortex Cores Near the Superconductor-Insulator Transition in an Underdoped Cuprate ...... 056601 C. Capan, K. Behnia, J. Hinderer, A. G. M. Jansen, W. Lang, C. Marcenat, C. Marin, and J. Flouquet Internal Transitions of Negatively Charged Magnetoexcitons and Many Body Effects in a Two-Dimensional Electron Gas ...... 056801 H. A. Nickel, T. M. Yeo, A. B. Dzyubenko, B. D. McCombe, A. Petrou, A. Yu. Sivachenko, W. Schaff, and V. Umansky Reconstruction of Fractional Quantum Hall Edges ...... 056802 Xin Wan, Kun Yang, and E. H. Rezayi Electric Polarization of Heteropolar Nanotubes as a Geometric Phase ...... 056803 E. J. Mele and Petr Král Electron Holography of Field-Emitting Carbon Nanotubes ...... 056804 John Cumings, A. Zettl, M. R. McCartney, and J. C. H. Spence Momentum-Resolved Lifetimes of Image-Potential States on Cu(100) ...... 056805 W. Berthold, U. Höfer, P. Feulner, E. V. Chulkov, V.M. Silkin, and P. M. Echenique

(Continued on Preceding Page) Contents (Continued)

Ab Initio Investigation of Collective Charge Excitations in MgB2 ...... 057001 Wei Ku, W. E. Pickett, R. T. Scalettar, and A. G. Eguiluz Mechanism of Pseudogap Probed by a Local Impurity ...... 057002 Qiang-Hua Wang Phase Diagram and Dynamics of the Projected SO(5) Symmetric Model of High-Tc Superconductivity ...... 057003 A. Dorneich, W. Hanke, E. Arrigoni, M. Troyer, and S. C. Zhang d-Wave –Induced Josephson Current Counterflow in YBa2Cu3O7͞Nb Zigzag Junctions ...... 057004 H. J. H. Smilde, Ariando, D. H. A. Blank, G. J. Gerritsma, H. Hilgenkamp, and H. Rogalla Spin-Polarized Scanning Tunneling Microscopy with Antiferromagnetic Probe Tips ...... 057201 A. Kubetzka, M. Bode, O. Pietzsch, and R. Wiesendanger Photoinduced Magnetization in the Organic-Based Magnet Mn͑TCNE͒x ? y͑CH2Cl2͒ ...... 057202 Dusanˇ A. Pejakovic´, Chitoshi Kitamura, Joel S. Miller, and Arthur J. Epstein Analysis of a Continuous Field Theory in Two Dimensions with Use of the Density Matrix Renormalization Group 057203 William Lay and Joseph Rudnick Field-Induced Transitions in a Kagomé Antiferromagnet ...... 057204 M. E. Zhitomirsky Spin-Sensitive Bleaching and Monopolar Spin Orientation in Quantum Wells ...... 057401 S. D. Ganichev, S. N. Danilov, V.V. Bel’kov, E. L. Ivchenko, M. Bichler, W. Wegscheider, D. Weiss, and W. Prettl Ultrafast Optical Switching from an Ionic to a Neutral State in Tetrathiafulvalene-p-Chloranil (TTF-CA) Observed in Femtosecond Reflection Spectroscopy ...... 057402 S. Iwai, S. Tanaka, K. Fujinuma, H. Kishida, H. Okamoto, and Y. Tokura Negative Role of Surface Plasmons in the Transmission of Metallic Gratings with Very Narrow Slits ...... 057403 Qing Cao and Philippe Lalanne Formation of a High Tc Electron-Hole Liquid in Diamond ...... 057404 Ryo Shimano, Masaya Nagai, Kenji Horiuch, and Makoto Kuwata-Gonokami Electric Quadrupolar Contribution to the Nuclear Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Ir in Fe ...... 057601 G. Seewald, E. Zech, H. J. Körner, D. Borgmann, M. Dietrich, and ISOLDE Collaboration Jetlike Component in Sputtering of LiF Induced by Swift Heavy Ions ...... 057602 M. Toulemonde, W. Assmann, C. Trautmann, and F. Grüner

Interdisciplinary Physics: Biological Physics, Quantum Information, etc. Qubit Channels Can Require More Than Two Inputs to Achieve Capacity ...... 057901 Christopher King, Michael Nathanson, and Mary Beth Ruskai Continuous Variable Quantum Cryptography Using Coherent States ...... 057902 Frédéric Grosshans and Philippe Grangier Spiral Wave Generation in Heterogeneous Excitable Media ...... 058101 Gil Bub, Alvin Shrier, and Leon Glass Molecular Observation of Contour-Length Fluctuations Limiting Topological Confinement in Polymer Melts ...... 058301 A. Wischnewski, M. Monkenbusch, L. Willner, D. Richter, A. E. Likhtman, T. C. B. McLeish, and B. Farago Comparison of Nonequilibrium Molecular Dynamics with Experimental Measurements in the Nonlinear Shear-Thinning Regime ...... 058302 Scott Bair, Clare McCabe, and Peter T. Cummings

Comments Comment on “Evidence of a Sponge-to-Lamellar Phase Transition under Shear by X-Ray Scattering Experiments in a Couette Cell” ...... 059601 P. D. Butler, L. Porcar, W. A. Hamilton, and G. G. Warr Mahjoub et al. Reply ...... 059602 H. F. Mahjoub, C. Bourgaux, J. F. Tassin, and M. Kleman Comment on “Spinless Impurities In High-Tc Cuprates: Kondo-Like Behavior” ...... 059701 J. L. Tallon, J. W. Loram, and G. V.M. Williams Bobroff et al. Reply ...... 059702 J. Bobroff, W. A. MacFarlane, H. Alloul, and P. Mendels

(Continued on Preceding Page) Contents (Continued)

Comment on “Bicritical and Tetracritical Phenomena and Scaling Properties of the SO(5) Theory” ...... 059703 Amnon Aharony Hu Replies ...... 059704 Xiao Hu

Errata Erratum: Self-Assembled Quantum Dots: Crossover from Kinetically Controlled to Thermodynamically Limited Growth [Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 236101 (2001)] ...... 059901 M. Meixner, E. Schöll, V. A. Shchukin, and D. Bimberg

Cumulative Author Index ...... i