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Neal R. Gross Commission on the Review of Overseas COMMISSION ON THE REVIEW OF OVERSEAS MILITARY FACILITY STRUCTURE OF THE UNITED STATES + + + HEARING TUESDAY NOVEMBER 9, 2004 The Hearing convened in the Senate Appropriations Committee Hearing Room, Room 138, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, D.C., at 9:05 a.m., Al Cornella, Chairman, presiding. PRESENT: AL CORNELLA Chairman LEWIS CURTIS, Maj Gen, USAF (Ret) Vice Chairman ANTHONY LESS, VADM, USN (Ret) Commissioner KEITH MARTIN, BG, PA ARNG (Ret) Commissioner PETE TAYLOR, LTG, USA (Ret) Commissioner DR. JAMES THOMSON Commissioner WITNESSES THOMAS P. M. BARNETT, Prof., U.S. Naval War College MARCUS CORBIN, Center for Defense Information DR. JOHN J. HAMRE, President & CEO, Center for Strategic and International Studies AMBASSADOR ROBERT E. HUNTER, RAND Corp. CHARLES A. HORNER, General, USAF (Ret) MONTGOMERY S. MEIGS, General, USA (Ret) MICHAEL P. NOONAN, Foreign Policy Research Institute CHARLES "TONY" ROBERTSON, JR., General, USAF (Ret) NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com I N D E X Page Panel One: Ambassador Robert E. Hunter 7 Dr. John J. Hamre 18 Panel Two: General Charles A. Horner 74 General Montgomery C. Meigs 83 General Charles T. "Tony" Robertson, Jr. 91 Panel Three: Prof. Thomas P. M. Barnett 157 Marcus Corbin 174 Michael Noonan 186 NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 P R O C E E D I N G S 2 Time: 9:07 a.m. 3 COMMISSIONER CORNELLA: Good morning, 4 ladies and gentlemen. This hearing constitutes the 5 third public meeting of the Commission on the Review 6 of Overseas Military Facility Structure of the United 7 States, more commonly known as the Overseas Basing 8 Commission. 9 My name is Al Cornella, and I serve as the 10 Commission's Chairman. Other Commissioners present 11 today are, from my far right, the Commission Vice 12 Chairman, Lewis Curtis, Major General, United States 13 Air Force, Retired; Anthony Less, Vice Admiral, United 14 States Navy, Retired; Pete Taylor, Lieutenant General, 15 United States Army, Retired; Keith Martin, Brigadier 16 General, Pennsylvania Army National Guard, Retired; 17 and Dr. James Thomson. 18 I would also like to introduce the 19 Commission's Executive Director, Ms. Patricia Walker. 20 The Overseas Basing Commission was 21 established by Public Law in Fiscal Year 2004. The 22 Commission's task is to independently assess whether NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 the current overseas basing structure is adequate to 2 execute current missions and to assess the feasibility 3 of closures, realignments, or establishment of new 4 installations overseas to meet emerging defense 5 requirements. 6 The Commission's work is not intended to 7 preclude the Department of Defense's efforts toward 8 developing an integrated global presence and basing 9 strategy. Rather, the Commission report will assist 10 Congressional committees in performing their oversight 11 responsibilities for DoD's basing strategy, military 12 construction appropriations, and the 2005 Base 13 Realignment and Closure Commission determinations. 14 This Commission has been active since May 15 2004, and has conducted a previous hearing where we 16 received testimony from former military experts, 17 defense analysts, and experts on military family 18 issues. We have engaged in briefings from the 19 Department of Defense, the State Department, the 20 Congressional Budget Office, Congressional Research 21 Service, and other entities. 22 The Commission has met with commanders and NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 received extensive briefings on the transformation 2 plan for the European Command. We visited military 3 installations in several countries, meeting with U.S. 4 Forces, embassy representatives, foreign military 5 officers, and local officials. 6 We ended our trip by meeting with the 7 Supreme Allied Commander Europe and the European 8 Combatant Commander, General James Jones. The 9 Commissioners have received briefings from the U.S. 10 Central Command, U.S. Southern Command, U.S. Special 11 Operations Command, and most recently, U.S. 12 Transportation Command. 13 A trip to Pacific Command and a return 14 trip to European Command are also scheduled. 15 The composition of the Commission staff 16 has been established. We have hired lead research 17 analysts, a not-for-profit government consulting firm, 18 administrative staff, and received six analysts 19 detailed from the Department of Defense. 20 The Commission will provide Congress and 21 the President with a preliminary report by March 31, 22 2005, and the final report by August 15, 2005. NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 At this point, I would like to describe 2 the procedure for today's hearing. We have three 3 panels, and we will introduce each panel as they 4 appear. Each panelist will receive up to 10 minutes 5 for an opening statement. At the conclusion of all 6 opening statements, each Commissioner will have up to 7 10 minutes to question the panel. 8 We will use lights as a courtesy reminder. 9 When the yellow light appears, you have two minutes 10 remaining. When the red light appears, time has 11 expired. However, I would ask the panelists to please 12 take as much time as necessary to complete your 13 comments. 14 On Panel One, it is my privilege to 15 introduce Dr. John Hamre and Ambassador Robert Hunter. 16 Ambassador Hunter is the former U.S. Ambassador to 17 NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) and U.S. 18 Representative to the Western European Union and 19 currently is Senior Advisor at the RAND Corporation in 20 Washington and Senior International Consultant to 21 Lockheed Martin Overseas Corporation. 22 Dr. John Hamre is a former Deputy NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 Secretary of Defense and Under Secretary of Defense, 2 Comptroller, and currently serves as the President and 3 CEO of the Center for Strategic and International 4 Studies. 5 Welcome, gentlemen, and thank you for 6 appearing before the Commission. Today we would 7 appreciate your frank and professional views on: 8 Suggested focus areas for the Commission to 9 investigate in its review; potential unintended 10 consequences of returning large numbers of troops 11 stationed overseas to the United States from an 12 overseas and U.S. perspective; your thoughts on 13 concerns and issues surrounding DoD's integrated 14 global presence and basing strategy; and any other 15 issues that you think the Commission should consider. 16 So first I would call on Ambassador 17 Hunter, if he has an opening statement, to go ahead 18 and do so. 19 AMBASSADOR HUNTER: Thank you, Mr. 20 Chairman. It would have been easier if John Hamre had 21 gone first, because I could have said that I agreed. 22 I am honored to share with him, and NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 honored also -- I must say, we at RAND have loaded the 2 deck this morning, because Jim Thomson is one of your 3 distinguished Commissioners. 4 I should also say, Mr. Chairman, to begin 5 with that we need to settle a major issue here, which 6 is: what is the best part of South Dakota? You are 7 from Rapid City. This gentleman here to my right is 8 an easterner from Willow Lake, and my people are from 9 Belfouche. So we will gang up against the easterners. 10 It is an honor to be here. You have a 11 very daunting task in front of you, to try to predict 12 the future and predict what the United States should 13 do in that future to keep ourselves as secure as 14 possible with military force and other types of 15 American power and influence, and also to retain 16 America's position in the world and the position of 17 leadership that we have for so long occupied. 18 I recall sometime ago, it was exactly 15 19 years ago today, I was in a meeting with the good and 20 the great on European security policy. 21 We met for a whole morning. It was the 22 real big names in the United States, talking about NEAL R. GROSS COURT REPORTERS AND TRANSCRIBERS 1323 RHODE ISLAND AVE., N.W. (202) 234-4433 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005-3701 www.nealrgross.com 1 what was happening in Central Europe, and we talked 2 about every possibility there could have been except 3 for one. Nobody even suggested that the Berlin Wall 4 might open, and we were right -- for four hours. 5 Today is the 15th anniversary. Much has 6 changed since then. That was not predicted 7 adequately, the question. Your task is to try to 8 predict adequately for the next 15 years. It is a 9 daunting task, and I am pleased to be helping you with 10 it. 11 One recognizes that what you are doing has 12 to be balanced with requirements for U.S. basing with 13 regard to the next BRAC, which are difficult decisions 14 as well, and which require in looking at foreign 15 basing that there be a pretty compelling case to have 16 American bases and forces abroad rather than at home.
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