Iraq: Status and Prospects for Reconstruction—Resources

S. HRG. 108–255 IRAQ: STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR RECONSTRUCTION—RESOURCES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JULY 29, 2003 Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 91–037 PDF WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:31 Jan 20, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 91037 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana, Chairman CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware LINCOLN CHAFEE, Rhode Island PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio BARBARA BOXER, California LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee BILL NELSON, Florida NORM COLEMAN, Minnesota JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia JOHN E. SUNUNU, New Hampshire JON S. CORZINE, New Jersey KENNETH A. MYERS, JR., Staff Director ANTONY J. BLINKEN, Democratic Staff Director (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:31 Jan 20, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 91037 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 CONTENTS Page American Association of Engineering Societies, prepared statement submitted for the record ........................................................................................................ 96 Biden, Hon. Joseph R., Jr., U.S. Senator from Delaware, opening statement ... 10 Bolten, Hon. Joshua B., Director, Office of Management and Budget, Wash- ington, DC ............................................................................................................. 11 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 14 ‘‘Ninety Day Update Report on United States Strategy for Relief and Reconstruction of Iraq,’’ submitted by OMB, dated July 14, 2003 ........... 76 Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senator from California, submissions for the record: ‘‘Countries Where al Qaeda Has Operated’’ ................................................... 57 Excerpts of Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz’s testimony before the House Budget Committee on February 27, 2003 ................................................... 58 Chafee, Hon. Lincoln D., submission for the record: New American Century, letter to President William J. Clinton, dated January 26, 1998 .......................................................................................... 50 Feingold, Hon. Russell D., U.S. Senator from Wisconsin, prepared statement .. 54 Lugar, Hon. Richard G., U.S. Senator from Indiana, opening statement ........... 4 Wolfowitz, Hon. Paul D., Deputy Secretary of Defense; accompanied by: Gen- eral John M. Keane, Acting Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, Department of Defense, Washington, DC .................................................................................... 17 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 29 Articles and op ed on Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz’s trip to Iraq: ‘‘Roots Of Hope In A Realm Of Fear,’’ op ed by Paul Wolfowitz, The Washington Times, July 28, 2003 ............................................................ 88 ‘‘Getting to Know the Iraqis,’’ article by Jim Hoagland, The Washington Post, July 20, 2003 .................................................................................... 89 ‘‘Wolfowitz Visits Mass Graveyard of Hussein’s Victims and Promises Help in Hunting Killers,’’ article by Eric Schmitt, The New York Times, July 20, 2003 ................................................................................. 90 ‘‘This Was a Good Thing to Do,’’ article by Paul A. Gigot, The Wall Street Journal, July 28, 2003 ................................................................... 91 ‘‘Of Prisons and Palaces—Notes from Liberated Iraq,’’ article by Ste- phen F. Hayes, The Weekly Standard, August 4-11, 2003 .................... 93 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:31 Jan 20, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 91037 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:31 Jan 20, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 91037 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 IRAQ: STATUS AND PROSPECTS FOR RECONSTRUCTION—RESOURCES TUESDAY, JULY 29, 2003 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:33 a.m., in room SH–216, Hart Senate Office Building, Hon. Richard G. Lugar (chairman of the committee), presiding. Present: Senators Lugar, Hagel, Chafee, Allen, Brownback, Voinovich, Coleman, Biden, Dodd, Feingold, Boxer, Bill Nelson, Rockefeller and Corzine. The CHAIRMAN. This hearing of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee is called to order. We are awaiting the completion of our witness panel. In the interest of time, I will give my opening statement. We will then call upon the distinguished ranking member to give his. We know that our hearing may be interrupted by rollcall votes on the energy bill that will be proceeding on the Senate floor. We want to utilize each moment for our witnesses and for Senators who will have questions of the witnesses. It is our pleasure today to welcome back Deputy Secretary of De- fense Paul Wolfowitz, accompanied by General John Keane, Acting U.S. Army Chief of Staff, and to welcome for the first time before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee Joshua Bolten, the new Director of the Office of Management Budget. Today the committee will continue its examination of Iraq reconstruction and how sufficient resources can be provided to ensure that we achieve our goals. Secretary Wolfowitz is now approaching the podium. I give this greeting personally to you. Secretary Wolfowitz, we are particularly pleased to have the op- portunity to discuss your assessment of our reconstruction efforts based on your recent visit to Iraq. When you were here with us in May, your testimony added greatly to this committee’s under- standing of the resource requirements in Iraq at that time. In sub- sequent hearings on Iraq, we have heard of many successes on the ground. Yet overall, the United States mission in Iraq continues to hang in the balance. If we succeed in rebuilding Iraq, it may set off a positive chain of events that could usher in a new era of sta- bility and progress in the Middle East. By contrast, failure could set back American interests for a gen- eration, increasing anti-Americanism and multiplying the threats from tyrants and terrorists and reducing our credibility. (1) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 17:31 Jan 20, 2004 Jkt 000000 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 91037 SFORELA1 PsN: SFORELA1 2 Having visited Iraq 4 weeks ago with my colleagues, Senator Biden and Senator Hagel, who are with me on both sides this morning, I can attest that the troops and officials in Iraq understand this urgency. I believe that most high-ranking officials and Members of Congress understand the stakes as well. Yet because of some combination of bureaucratic inertia, political caution, and unrealistic expectations left over from before the war, we do not appear to be confident about our course in Iraq. Our na- tional sense of commitment and confidence must approximate what we demonstrated during the Berlin Airlift, a sense that we could achieve the impossible despite short-time constraints and severe conditions of risk and consequence. We know, for example, that coalition efforts in Iraq must under- go further internationalization to be successful and affordable. We know that the key to most problems in Iraq is establishing security. We know that we must have far more effective means of deliv- ering honest information to the Iraqi people. We know that our credibility with the international community and the Iraqi people will be enhanced by a multi-year budgetary commitment. Yet we have taken inadequate policy steps toward realizing these objectives. We still lack a comprehensive plan for how to acquire sufficient resources for the operations in Iraq and how to use them to maximum effect. Last week, similar concerns were outlined clearly by Dr. John Hamre and his team of experts commissioned by the Department of Defense to assess reconstruction efforts in Iraq. Their excellent report offers 32 recommendations to help solve many problems. We understand the Department of Defense has praised this report and is beginning to implement some of these recommendations. A major untapped resource with the potential for changing the dynamics on the ground is the international community. The United States needs to build a new coalition to win the peace. In- volving other nations in Iraq will help reassure the Iraqi people that the results of our nation-building efforts are legitimate. At the same time, international involvement will reduce the bur- den on the United States taxpayer and help maintain the American people’s political support. Just as we called upon our military strength to win the war, we need to call on the strength of our di- plomacy to overcome pre-war disagreements with allies and reach a new consensus on how to ensure that Iraq emerges as a peaceful and stable nation. We may need a new United Nations Security Council resolution or some other form of

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