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Court-Packing and Compromise Barry Cushman
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Constitutional Commentary 2013 Court-Packing and Compromise Barry Cushman Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Cushman, Barry, "Court-Packing and Compromise" (2013). Constitutional Commentary. 78. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm/78 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Constitutional Commentary collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. !!!CUSHMAN-291-COURT-PACKING AND COMPROMISE.DOC (DO NOT DELETE) 8/9/2013 2:15 PM Articles COURT-PACKING AND COMPROMISE Barry Cushman* The controversy precipitated by Franklin D. Roosevelt’s Court-packing Plan is among the most famous and frequently discussed episodes in American constitutional history. During his first term as President, Roosevelt had watched with mounting discontent as the Supreme Court declared unconstitutional a series of measures central to his New Deal. Aging justices whom Roosevelt considered reactionary and out of touch had struck down the National Industrial Recovery Act (“NIRA”), the Agricultural Adjustment Act (“AAA”), federal railway pension legislation, federal farm debt relief legislation, critical portions of the Administration’s energy policy, and state minimum wage legislation for women. In the spring of 1937 the Court would be ruling on the constitutionality of such major statutes as the National Labor Relations Act (“NLRA”) and the Social Security Act (“SSA”), and a number of Roosevelt advisors doubted that the Court as then comprised would uphold those measures. -
He KMBC-ÍM Radio TEAM
l\NUARY 3, 1955 35c PER COPY stu. esen 3o.loe -qv TTaMxg4i431 BItOADi S SSaeb: iiSZ£ (009'I0) 01 Ff : t?t /?I 9b£S IIJUY.a¡:, SUUl.; l: Ii-i od 301 :1 uoTloas steTaa Rae.zgtZ IS-SN AlTs.aantur: aTe AVSí1 T E IdEC. 211111 111111ip. he KMBC-ÍM Radio TEAM IN THIS ISSUE: St `7i ,ytLICOTNE OSE YN in the 'Mont Network Plans AICNISON ` MAISHAIS N CITY ive -Film Innovation .TOrEKA KANSAS Heart of Americ ENE. SEDALIA. Page 27 S CLINEON WARSAW EMROEIA RUTILE KMBC of Kansas City serves 83 coun- 'eer -Wine Air Time ties in western Missouri and eastern. Kansas. Four counties (Jackson and surveyed by NARTB Clay In Missouri, Johnson and Wyan- dotte in Kansas) comprise the greater Kansas City metropolitan trading Page 28 Half- millivolt area, ranked 15th nationally in retail sales. A bonus to KMBC, KFRM, serv- daytime ing the state of Kansas, puts your selling message into the high -income contours homes of Kansas, sixth richest agri- Jdio's Impact Cited cultural state. New Presentation Whether you judge radio effectiveness by coverage pattern, Page 30 audience rating or actual cash register results, you'll find that FREE & the Team leads the parade in every category. PETERS, ñtvC. Two Major Probes \Exclusive National It pays to go first -class when you go into the great Heart of Face New Senate Representatives America market. Get with the KMBC -KFRM Radio Team Page 44 and get real pulling power! See your Free & Peters Colonel for choice availabilities. st SATURE SECTION The KMBC - KFRM Radio TEAM -1 in the ;Begins on Page 35 of KANSAS fir the STATE CITY of KANSAS Heart of America Basic CBS Radio DON DAVIS Vice President JOHN SCHILLING Vice President and General Manager GEORGE HIGGINS Year Vice President and Sally Manager EWSWEEKLY Ir and for tels s )F RADIO AND TV KMBC -TV, the BIG TOP TV JIj,i, Station in the Heart of America sú,\.rw. -
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles
The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles The Chinese Navy Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Saunders, EDITED BY Yung, Swaine, PhILLIP C. SAUNderS, ChrISToPher YUNG, and Yang MIChAeL Swaine, ANd ANdreW NIeN-dzU YANG CeNTer For The STUdY oF ChINeSe MilitarY AffairS INSTITUTe For NATIoNAL STrATeGIC STUdIeS NatioNAL deFeNSe UNIverSITY COVER 4 SPINE 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY COVER.indd 3 COVER 1 11/29/11 12:35 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 1 11/29/11 12:37 PM 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 2 11/29/11 12:37 PM The Chinese Navy: Expanding Capabilities, Evolving Roles Edited by Phillip C. Saunders, Christopher D. Yung, Michael Swaine, and Andrew Nien-Dzu Yang Published by National Defense University Press for the Center for the Study of Chinese Military Affairs Institute for National Strategic Studies Washington, D.C. 2011 990-219 NDU CHINESE NAVY.indb 3 11/29/11 12:37 PM Opinions, conclusions, and recommendations expressed or implied within are solely those of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the U.S. Department of Defense or any other agency of the Federal Government. Cleared for public release; distribution unlimited. Chapter 5 was originally published as an article of the same title in Asian Security 5, no. 2 (2009), 144–169. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. Used by permission. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Chinese Navy : expanding capabilities, evolving roles / edited by Phillip C. Saunders ... [et al.]. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. -
Federal«Register
^ X O N A L ^ FEDERAL« REGISTER VOLUME 13 J , ? Ì L 4n ^ NUMBER 71 </AilTEO Washington, Saturday, April 10, 1948 TITLE 5— ADMINISTRATIVE Defense. Appointments under this sub CONTENTS PERSONNEL division shall not exceed one year. (vii) One position of Vice Chairman or Agriculture Department Page Chapter I— Civil Service Commission Deputy Chairman of the Munitions Proposed rule making: Board. Handling: P art 2—Appo in t m e n t T hrough th e (Sec. 6.1 (a), E. O. 9830 (Feb. 24, 1947), Milk in Fort Wayne, Ind., C o m petitive S ervice 12 F. R. 1259) area-------------_------------- ... 1954 P art 6— E x ceptio ns P rom th e Walnuts in California, Oregon U nited S tates C iv il S erv and Washington (Corr.)___ 1955 C om petitive S ervice ic e C o m m issio n , Rules and regulations: MISCELLANEOUS AMENDMENTS [seal] H. B. M itc h el l, Limitation of shipments in Cal President. 1. Effective upon publication in the ifornia and Arizona: 1951 F ederal R egister, a new paragraph (h) [P. R. Doc. 48-3180; Piled, Apr. 9, 1948; Lemons__________________ is added to § 2.114 as follows: 8:53 a. m.] Oranges---------------------------- 1953 Alien Property, Office of § 2.114 Temporary appointment. * * * Notices: (h) Emergency-indefinite appoint a ien t. Whenever the Commission deter TITLE 7—-AGRICULTURE Vesting orders, etc.: Baracs, Anna__________ __ JL968 mines that it is in the interest of na Chapter IX— Production and Mar tional security to do so, it may enter Brull, Margaret____________ 1966 into a special agreement with an agency keting Administration -
U. S. Radio Stations As of June 30, 1922 the Following List of U. S. Radio
U. S. Radio Stations as of June 30, 1922 The following list of U. S. radio stations was taken from the official Department of Commerce publication of June, 1922. Stations generally operated on 360 meters (833 kHz) at this time. Thanks to Barry Mishkind for supplying the original document. Call City State Licensee KDKA East Pittsburgh PA Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Co. KDN San Francisco CA Leo J. Meyberg Co. KDPT San Diego CA Southern Electrical Co. KDYL Salt Lake City UT Telegram Publishing Co. KDYM San Diego CA Savoy Theater KDYN Redwood City CA Great Western Radio Corp. KDYO San Diego CA Carlson & Simpson KDYQ Portland OR Oregon Institute of Technology KDYR Pasadena CA Pasadena Star-News Publishing Co. KDYS Great Falls MT The Tribune KDYU Klamath Falls OR Herald Publishing Co. KDYV Salt Lake City UT Cope & Cornwell Co. KDYW Phoenix AZ Smith Hughes & Co. KDYX Honolulu HI Star Bulletin KDYY Denver CO Rocky Mountain Radio Corp. KDZA Tucson AZ Arizona Daily Star KDZB Bakersfield CA Frank E. Siefert KDZD Los Angeles CA W. R. Mitchell KDZE Seattle WA The Rhodes Co. KDZF Los Angeles CA Automobile Club of Southern California KDZG San Francisco CA Cyrus Peirce & Co. KDZH Fresno CA Fresno Evening Herald KDZI Wenatchee WA Electric Supply Co. KDZJ Eugene OR Excelsior Radio Co. KDZK Reno NV Nevada Machinery & Electric Co. KDZL Ogden UT Rocky Mountain Radio Corp. KDZM Centralia WA E. A. Hollingworth KDZP Los Angeles CA Newbery Electric Corp. KDZQ Denver CO Motor Generator Co. KDZR Bellingham WA Bellingham Publishing Co. KDZW San Francisco CA Claude W. -
DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North
4Z SAM RAYBURN: TRIALS OF A PARTY MAN DISSERTATION Presented to the Graduate Council of the North Texas State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By Edward 0. Daniel, B.A., M.A. Denton, Texas May, 1979 Daniel, Edward 0., Sam Rayburn: Trials of a Party Man. Doctor of Philosophy (History), May, 1979, 330 pp., bibliog- raphy, 163 titles. Sam Rayburn' s remarkable legislative career is exten- sively documented, but no one has endeavored to write a political biography in which his philosophy, his personal convictions, and the forces which motivated him are analyzed. The object of this dissertation is to fill that void by tracing the course of events which led Sam Rayburn to the Speakership of the United States House of Representatives. For twenty-seven long years of congressional service, Sam Rayburn patiently, but persistently, laid the groundwork for his elevation to the speakership. Most of his accomplish- ments, recorded in this paper, were a means to that end. His legislative achievements for the New Deal were monu- mental, particularly in the areas of securities regulation, progressive labor laws, and military preparedness. Rayburn rose to the speakership, however, not because he was a policy maker, but because he was a policy expeditor. He took his orders from those who had the power to enhance his own station in life. Prior to the presidential election of 1932, the center of Sam Rayburn's universe was an old friend and accomplished political maneuverer, John Nance Garner. It was through Garner that Rayburn first perceived the significance of the "you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours" style of politics. -
Station List
IN THIS ISSUE -NEW! FM Station I o List C ILA HUGO GERHSBACK, Editor BRUNETTI WRIST-WATCH TRANSMITTER SEE PAGE 28 SALES of previous editions offer the best evidence of its worth. Edition Year Copies sold 1st 1937 51,000 2nd 1938 25,000 3rd 1939 55,000 4th 1941 60,000 5th 1946 75,000 Here's what you get: Data on correct replace- ment parts Circuit information Servicing hints Installation notes IF peaks Tube complements and number of tubes References to Rider, giving Ready April 1st volume and page number RESERVE YOUR The 6th Edition COPY NOW Mallory Radio Service Encyclopedia Here it is -up to date -the only accurate, authorita- number of tubes ... and in addition, cross -index to tive radio service engineers guide, complete in one Rider by volume and page number for easy reference. GIVES YOU ALL THIS IN- volume -the Mallory Radio Service Encyclopedia, NO OTHER BOOK FORMATION- that's why it's a MUST for every 6th Edition. radio service engineer. Made up in the same easy -to -use form that proved 25% more listings than the 5th Edition. Our ability so popular in the 5th Edition, it gives you the to supply these books is taxed to the limit. The only complete facts on servicing all pre -war and post -war way of being sure that you will get your copy quickly sets ... volume and tone controls, capacitors, and is to order a copy today. Your Mallory Distributor vibrators ... circuit information, servicing hints, will reserve one for you. The cost to you is $2.00 net. -
The Role of Robert H. Jackson in Franklin D. Roosevelt's Battle with the Supreme Court Stephen R
Texas A&M University School of Law Texas A&M Law Scholarship Faculty Scholarship 1997 Loyal Lieutenant, Able Advocate: The Role of Robert H. Jackson in Franklin D. Roosevelt's Battle with the Supreme Court Stephen R. Alton Texas A&M University School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar Part of the Legal History Commons, President/Executive Department Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation Stephen R. Alton, Loyal Lieutenant, Able Advocate: The Role of Robert H. Jackson in Franklin D. Roosevelt's Battle with the Supreme Court, 5 Wm. & Mary Bill Rts. J. 527 (1997). Available at: https://scholarship.law.tamu.edu/facscholar/336 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Texas A&M Law Scholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Texas A&M Law Scholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LOYAL LIEUTENANT, ABLE ADVOCATE: THE ROLE OF ROBERT H. JACKSON IN FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT'S BATTLE WITH THE SUPREME COURT Stephen R. Alton* Before his appointment to the Supreme Court,Justice Robert H. Jackson played a highly visible role in FranklinD. Roosevelt's failed "court packing plan. " Roosevelt's legislation would have increased the size of the Supreme Court and could have dramatically altered the functioning of our govern- ment. Jackson supported the plan from his post as Assistant Attorney Gener- al. This Article uses a chronological narrative to examine Jackson's role in Roosevelt's court fight. -
Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-Operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936
Inventing Television: Transnational Networks of Co-operation and Rivalry, 1870-1936 A thesis submitted to the University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the faculty of Life Sciences 2011 Paul Marshall Table of contents List of figures .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 3 .............................................................................................................. 7 Chapter 4 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 5 .............................................................................................................. 8 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 List of tables ................................................................................................................ 9 Chapter 1 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 2 .............................................................................................................. 9 Chapter 6 .............................................................................................................. 9 Abstract .................................................................................................................... -
Seagoing Cowboys and the Heifer Project: the Maryland Story
Seagoing Cowboys and the Heifer Project: The Maryland Story by Peggy Reiff Miller This article first appeared in Catoctin History, Fall/Winter 2005 Do you want your summer vacation to include a free trip to Europe and $150 in cash when you return? You can at the same time be helping to relieve the acute food shortage in Europe.1 So begins an April 30, 1946, news release issued from the Brethren Relief Center, New Windsor, Maryland, recruiting cattle attendants, dubbed “seagoing cowboys,” to care for livestock being shipped to war-devastated countries. Many similar ads had been circulating throughout the country since the preceding summer in newspapers, farm journals, church publications, on radio, and by word of mouth. World War II had ended in 1945 – in Europe in May and in the Far East in August. Churches and governments alike had been planning what they could do when the war was finished to help war-devastated people get on their feet again. A unique church and government partnership, forged that summer of 1945, put sleepy, bucolic New Windsor, Maryland, into a hub of international activity. The seagoing cowboys, and heifers housed in barns of Brethren farmers, were the riders on that hub in and out of Carroll County. The world was their range – a world devastated by war but pregnant with possibilities. Heifer Project Meets UNRRA The Heifer Project was the idea of Dan West, a Church of the Brethren leader and peace advocate. In 1938, during a break in his relief work for the historic peace churches in the midst of the Spanish Civil War, West was haunted by the gaunt faces of mothers and starving children to whom he had been distributing reconstituted powdered milk. -
The Election of 1936 and the Ackerman Thesis
When the People Spoke, What Did They Say?: The Election of 1936 and the Ackerman Thesis William E. Leuchtenburgt I. THE CRITIQUE OF ACKERMAN'S THESIS Scholars have dealt harshly with Bruce Ackerman's audacious reconfiguring of American constitutional history.1 Suzanna Sherry, who calls the Yale Law School professor "one of our best constitutional theorists," nonetheless concluded that "Ackerman's tale fails to inspire, because it is mired in a fictional past and envisions a utopian future" and because his "historical analysis is simplistic." 2 G. Edward White, viewing Ackerman as "clearly one of the important figures of his generation, all the more visible because of the vivid combination of fluency and chutzpah which has enabled him to write on anything he pleases and to annoy anyone he chooses along the way," voiced skepticism about "a jurisprudential strategy unlikely to work and a bid for influence unlikely to be successful." 3 Don Herzog, after questioning whether "poor Clio can shoulder the burdens he assigns her," derided Ackerman's rhetoric as "debased or vulgar," 4 while Richard Posner, Chief Judge of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, found Ackerman's argument "unpersuasive" and his style "cheeky." 5 t William Rand Kenan, Jr. Professor of History, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1. Ackerman has elaborated his grand design in 1 BRUCE ACKERMAN, WE THE PEOPLE: FOUNDATIONS (1991), and in 2 BRUCE ACKERMAN, WE THE PEOPLE: TRANSFORMATIONS (1998). These volumes expand upon ideas Ackerman explored in earlier works: BRUCE A. ACKERMAN, RECONSTRUCTING AMERICAN LAW (1984) [hereinafter ACKERMAN, RECONSTRUCTING]; BRUCE A. -
THE LOG of a SEA-GOING PIONEER by ALFRED BENNETT ILES 1855
THE LOG OF A SEA-GOING PIONEER By ALFRED BENNETT ILES 1855-1942 Contents Chapter I. Ancestors. The trip alone to Scotland at seven. Rossie Priory and life at the castle. A stone-cutter’s apprentice. II. A boy’s life in London. Bandits on the Queen’s highway. The crossing sweeper. The allure of the docks. Intimate side-lights among the crowned heads. III. I join Queen Victoria’s Navy. Life on the “Boscawen.” “All hands witness punishment!” Teaching the Big Guns. A midshipman on the “Excellent.” The duel. IV. The loss of the “Captain.” V. Crossing the Line. Baptized by King Neptune. VI. Ho! For the diamond fields! The trap. Punishment at the mast. The cat o’n- ine tails. VII. A banquet with the Sultan of Zanzibar. With Henry Norton Stanley on his expedition to find Livingston. Flogging spies. VIII. Chasing Arab slave dhows on the East Coast of Africa. The capture. IX. The island of Johanna. Visit with the Sultan. Exploring the pirate strong- hold. The capture of Black Jeffreys by the Rattlesnake. X. Fire in the coalbunker chutes. Jettisoning the coal. The race with sharks in the Mozambique Channel. XI. The Queen of Madagascar. A Bombay “suttee.” The python in Ceylon. XII. Falling from the ship in Hugli. Calcutta. The visit of Lord Mayo to Anda- man Island. The tragedy. The white squall. Washed over the side and back in a gun port. XIII. Overboard in the Red Sea. An ocean of milk. Homeward bound. Back to Portsmouth. XIV. Arrival in America. The trip across country to Colorado.