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Nova Srpska Antropologija Edicija Zbornika Nova srpska antropologija Edicija zbornika Izdavač Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta u Beogradu u saradnji sa časopisom Etnoantropološki problemi Institutom za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu časopisom Antropologija internet sajtom www.anthroserbia.org. Srpskim genealoškim centrom Glavni urednik Prof. Ivan Kovačević Redakcija Prof. Bojan Žikić Prof. Ivan Kovačević Prof. Dragana Antonijević Prof. Danijel Sinani Miroslav Niškanović Recenzenti Recenzentska komisija Filozofskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu: Prof. Saša Nedeljković Prof. Vesna Vučinić Nešković Prof. Ljiljana Gavrilović dr Mladena Prelić, viši naučni saradnik Likovno rešenje korica Vladimira Ilić Elektronsko izdanje Nova srpska antropologija je neprofitna edicija koje se besplatno preuzima na adresi www.anthroserbia.org NOVA SRPSKA ANTROPOLOGIJA Edicija zbornika Prvo kolo knjiga 4 Antropologija naučne fantastike uredili Ivan Kovačević Ljiljana Gavrilović Reč izdavača "Nova srpska antropologija" je zamišljena kao edicija koja će prezentirati nove istraživačke pravce u ovoj nauci, započete sredinom osme decenije XX veka. Inovativnost radova je dvostruka: tematska i metodološka i namera je da upoznamo čitaoca s tim novim pristupima kroz zbornike tekstova koji su najvećim delom objavljeni u naučnim časopisima, naučnim zbornicima i, izuzetno, u knjigama iz kojih je preuzeto neko poglavlje. Izbor se zasniva na stavu da istraživački radovi u kojima se interpretira, tumači, objašnjava daleko bolje predstavljaju novu srpsku antropologiju od onih u kojima se iznose teorijska, metodološka i programska načela. Tekstovi sa programskim, teorijsko- metodološkim sadržajem igraju važnu, prevashodno usmeravajuću, ulogu u nauci, ali njeno osnovno telo i "ostavštinu za budućnost" čine radovi koji tumače svet u njegovom konkretnom manifestovanju. Pred čitaocima je prvo kolo ove biblioteke koje sadrži deset zbornika. Zbornici su publikovani elektronski i odluka da se opredelimo za ovaj oblik izdavaštva je uslovljena novim mogućnostima koje on pruža. Naime, namera je da zbornici ne predstavljaju konačan izbor već da se, u budućnosti, dopunjuju novim tekstovim relevantnim za temu, kada se oni pojave u naučnim časopisima, knjigama ili zbornicima. Štampani zbornici svojom konačnošću ne omogućavaju tu vrstu otvorenosti svodeći je na daleko komplikovaniju i skuplju formu dopunjenih izdanja. Ostavljena je mogućnost urednicima svakog zbornika da u izbor uvrste i gosta- autora koji nije etnolog ili antropolog po obrazovanju (diplomirani etnolog ili antropolog, master, magistar ili doktor) ali je u izabranom tekstu ili tekstovima blizak antropološkom pisanju o temi zbornika. Kao izdavači morali smo da razrešimo i dileme forme elektronskog izdanja. Morali smo da odlučimo da li ćemo tekstove prezentirati u onom grafičkom obliku u kome su se pojavili u svom originalnom izdanju ili ćemo ujednačavati ta rešenja i praviti novo koje bi sve tekstove učinilo grafički uniformnim. Prvo rešenje omogućava punu izvornost teksta, dokumentarno je i funkcionalno u smislu naučnog korišćenja tj. navođenja i citiranja, dok drugo rešenje zadovoljava estetske zahteve i donosi tehnički uređeno izdanje. Između te dve mogućnosti opredelili smo se za dokumentarnost, svesni da su izdanja u predelektronskoj eri imala razlčite tipove slaganja teksta i to od pisaće mašine do klasičnog štamparskog sloga. Dokumentarnost ovih zbornika je uslovila da pismo i jezik budu onakvi kakvi su u izvorniku. Članci su praćeni punim bibliografskim podatkom o izvornom publikovanju tekstova. Beleška urednika Zbornik Antropologija naučne fantastike predstavlja rezime primetnog antropološkog pristupa popularnoj kulturi i u okviru tog pristupa posebno naučnoj fantastici i u književnoj i filmskoj formi. Više antropologa se bavilo različitim aspektima naučne fantastike prepoznajući u njoj i klasične i nove antropološke teme. U ovom zborniku donosimo dva teksta Bojana Žikića o komunikaciji identiteta i dva teksta Ljiljane Gavrilović o naučnoj fantastici kao mitologiji savremenog društva i o antropologu kao etnografu izmišljenih svetova. Gost - filozof Predrag Krstić je zastupljen sa dva teksta koja predstavljaju rezultat proučavanja značenja televizijske serije Zvezdane staze, kao i Ana Banić Grubišić koja, izučavajući filmove postapokalipse, obraća pažnju na ishranu u postapokaliptičnim društvima i njihovom konceptu kulturnog nasleđa. Zlatko Knežević je takođe autor dva teksta o analitičkom dometu Kaveltijeve formule u proučavanju naučne fantastike i o odnosu naučne fantastike i tehnologije savremenog društva. Poseban pogled na kloniranje i klonove u naučnoj fantastici dala je Dragana Antonijević razmatrajuću međuodnos biotehnologije i etike u savremenom društvu oslikan u naučno fantastičnim filmovima, takođe uz analitičku upotrebu Kaveltijeve formule i mitoloških tema. O upotrebi tradicijskih motiva u domaćoj naučnoj fantastici pisao je Ivan Đorđević i taj tekst predstavlja prvi korak ka proučavanju domaće produkcije ovog žanra. Bibliografski podaci B. Žikić. 2010. Antropologija i žanr: naučna fantastika – komunikacija identiteta. Etnoantropološki problemi 5 (1). Lj. Gavrilović. 1986. Naučna fantastika – mitologija tehnološkog društva. Etnološke sveske VII, Beograd-Topola. Lj. Gavrilović. 2008. Čitanje naučne fantastike i (kao) etnografije, ili obrnuto. Antropologija 6. B. Žikić. 2010. Mi smo Ja, a oni su Roj: individualni i kolektivni identitet kao relaciono svojstvo ljudi i tuđina u naučnoj fantastici. U: Naš svet, drugi svetovi, B. Žikić (ur). Beograd. D. Antonijević. 2012. Sanjaju li klonovi ljubav? Predstave o klonovima u popularnoj kulturi. Etnoantropološki problemi 7 (2). И. Ђорђевић. 2006. Употреба традицијских мотива у домаћој научно- фантастичној књижевности. Гласник Етнографског института САНУ 54 (1). Z. Knežević. 2010. O nečemu ni iz čega i pozitronskim dušama: antropologija, naučna fantastika i tehnologija. U: Naš svet, drugi svetovi, B. Žikić (ur). Beograd. Z. Knežević. 2008. Kako nas vreme gazi: vremenska dimenzija u formulama. Etnoantropološki problemi 3 (3). P. Krstić. 2012. Enterprajz s neograničenom odgovornošću: o mapiranju i kolonizovanju svemira. Etnoantropološki problemi 7 (4). P. Krstić. 2012. Zemne staze Enterprajza: nauka i naučna fantastika. Antropologija 12 (3). A. Banić Grubišić. 2012. Obrok dana posle sutra. Predstave o hrani i ishrani u post-apokaliptičnim filmovima. Etnoantropološki problemi 7 (1). A. Banić Grubišić. 2013. Kulturno nasleđe u postapokaliptičnim vizijama budućnosti. Etnološko-antropološke sveske 21. ORIGINALNI NAUNI RAD UDK 316.7:82-312.4 Bojan ?iki Odeljenje za etnologiju i antropologiju Filozofski fakultet Univerzitet u Beogradu [email protected] Antropologija i žanr: * nauna fantastika – komunikacija identiteta Apstrakt: Žanrovsko stvaralaštvo koristi deljenu prirodu kulturne komunikacije za uspostavljanje odre;enih vrsta i modela kulturnih identiteta, a ti identiteti nasta- vljaju svoj društveni i kulturni život i izvan žanrovske komunikacije. Antropologija insistira na deljenoj prirodi kulturne komunikacije, tanije na injenici da oni, koji ob- likuju informaciju koja se prenosi na taj nain, moraju da dele njen kôd sa onima koji- ma je ta informacija namenjena. Antropološko prouavanje žanrova ne predstavlja ni- šta drugo do bavljenje odre;enim kulturnim artefaktima, karakteristinim za društvo i kulturu, u okviru kojih su proizvedeni. Kljune rei: antropologija, žanr, nauna fantastika, horor, kulturna komunikaci- ja, kulturni identitet, savremena kultura. Uvod Antropologija predstavlja antimonopolistiku nauku danas, u smislu svog predmeta i svoje epistemologije. Ništa ljudsko nije joj strano u predmetnom smislu, gotovo u doslovnom znaenju tih rei, ba kao to je teorijski i meto- dološki otvorena za preispitivanje naina na koje dolazi do podataka i onih, na koje te podatke tumai> Dva su osnovna inioca uticala na takvo stanje, oba ukorenjena u nastanku i istorijskom razvoju te discipline. Jedan govori o nje- nom hipotetikom prvobitnom predmetu, a drugi o okvirima za njegovo prou- avanje – hipotetikim i prvobitnim, tako;e> Inicijalni, ili "generiki" predmet antropoloških istraživanja, ovek, veo- ma brzo je sagledan u disciplinarnoj povesti kao predmetni orsokak, barem u smislu ustanovljavanja društvenih i kulturnih univerzalija1. Biološke univerza- * Rezultat rada na projektu 147035, finansiranom od strane MNTR RS. 1 Dok se dolazilo do toga u svetskoj antropologiji, u tadašnjoj jugoslovenskoj dru- štvenoj nauci "otkrivala" se "ovekologija", odnosno antropologija kao "nauka o o- veku" – teorijsko-metodološki nakaradna kombinacija marksistike sociologije, filo- .. 5. .1 (2010) ________________________________________________________ Nova srpska antropologija 4: antropologija naučne fantastike - 1 18 BOJAN ŽIKI? lije prepuštene su prirodnim naukama, a antropologija se usredsredila na o- vekovo društveno i kulturno bivstvovanje. S druge strane, ideja da se suština tog bivstvovanja može najbolje objasniti prouava li se ovek u nekakvom na- vodno prvobitnom društvenom i kulturnom okruženju, u malobrojnim, pro- storno esto izolovanim zajednicama, tehniki i tehnološki najee nerazvije- nim, prola je slino kao "ovekologija". Pokazalo se da ono do ega se do;e prouavanjem odre;ene ljudske zajed- nice, najee, važi samo za tu zajednicu, ukoliko u pitanju nisu takvi fenome- ni, recimo, koje više ljudskih zajednica – društveno i kulturno odelitih – deli u formalnom, strukturnom i sadržinskom smislu. Potonje jeste karakteristika sa- vremenih
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