contribuon at this me was his involvement Phycological Trailblazer with the Agricultural Experiment Staon, and he No. 33 laid out and supervised the establishment and planng of 50 quarter- acre plots at the De Alton Saunders Highmore Substaon (Cooperave Range Experimental Staon). The goal of this research (Originally printed in the Phycological Newsleer. was to develop and evaluate new crop species 2010. Vol. 46 No. 2) for grazing and winter forage. He also produced a flora of the ferns and flowering plants of South The inclusion of De Alton Brooks Dakota (Saunders, 1899a). Saunders in this series of “Phycological Saunders spent parts of two years, 1895 Trailblazers” is owing to his pre-1900 studies of and 1896, studying algae, especially brown Pacific coast brown algae and his parcipaon as algae, on the coast of California. Saunders (1895) the algal expert in the Harriman Alaska described what he regarded to be a new species Expedion during the summer of 1899. Indeed of Costaria, C. reculata, from near Pacific Grove his moniker during that 2-month cruise to on the Monterey Peninsula. Smith (1942) later Alaska, bestowed on him by none other than based his new genus Dictyoneuropsis on this fellow shipmate John Muir, was “Seaweed species, which he placed in the Lessoniaceae. Saunders”, a name that subsequent generaons The gene-sequencing studies by Lane et al. of his family affeconately (2006) resulted in a major refer to him. Although his re-organizaon of the interest in algae over the Laminariales and revealed full period of his scienfic that the generic disncon profession was small, he between Dictyoneurum and made some useful Dictyoneuropsis was not as contribuons at a me that great as previously believed. exploraon was sll in Silva (in Pedroche et al., vogue. This also gives me 2008) transferred Saunders’ an opportunity to include Costaria reculata to his portrait, which Dictyoneurum. From the apparently has never been dates and the localies of made available. some of the new taxa Saunders’ early described by Saunders professional career began (1898), he made collecons at the South Dakota at San Pedro in southern Agricultural and California and Pacific Grove Mechanical College in in central California. He Brookings, South Dakota, spent July through where he served as head of September of 1896 on the the Department, while also Monterey coast. He a professor of botany and De Alton Saunders [Courtesy of Jennifer Miller]. described many new entomology, in the period species, such as Scytosiphon of 1896-1903. He headed an bullosus [now Colpomenia expedion to the Big Stone Lake region during bullosa (D.A. Saunders) Yamada] (fig. 1), 1896, where he collected 400 specimens of Colpomenia tuberculata, Ectocarpus corculatus, forage plants that were added to the herbarium. E. acuminatus [now Feldmannia acuminata (D.A. In 1898, he undertook a study of millet, which Saunders) Hollenb. & I.A. Abbo], E. involved his classifying millets from more than hemisphaericus [now F. hemisphaerica (D.A. three dozen seed sources. The most notable 1 Fig. 1. Scytosiphon bullosus [now Colpomenia bullosa (D.A. Saunders) Yamada][from Saunders 1898].

Saunders) Hollenb.], E. chitonicolus [now F. of 1899. Saunders’ qualificaons to be enlisted chiniola (D.A. Saunders) Levr.], E. ellipcus [now as one of the botanists (namely, the phycologist) regarded as conspecific with Spongonema might seem limited, given his Midwestern tomentosum (Huds.) Kütz.], E. paradoxus var. agricultural background. One circumstance is pacificus [now Hincksia saundersii (Setch. & N.L. that William A. Setchell of the University of Gardner) P.C. Silva], and Sphacelaria dichotoma California, Berkeley, the person with stronger [now regarded as conspecific with S. divaricata credenals at the me, was to parcipate on a Mont.]. He also described a new genus of foliose separate expedion to Alaska, along with a large brown algae, Halorhipis, based on Punctaria conngent of fellow Berkeley sciensts. It is a winstonii Anderson (1894). From this me period coincidence that two such scienfic expedions he described the new genus and species to Alaska would be taking place simultaneously Hapalospongidion gelanosum (Saunders, that summer (Setchell & Gardner, 1903; Wynne, 1899b). Setchell & Gardner (1924) regarded the 2009). genus as congeneric with Reinke’s (1888) Mr. Edward Henry Harriman (Klein, 2000), Microspongium from Europe. But Hollenberg President of the Union Pacific Railroad and (1942) argued that the two genera were disnct, worth $60 million at that me, made the a view that has been accepted by subsequent decision to sponsor and fully fund an Expedion workers. From the same 1899 paper, Saunders’ to Alaska, and with advice from C. Hart record of “Leptonema fasciculatum Reinke” was Merriman he assembled an impressive total of later interpreted by Collins (1907) to be the new 30 sciensts to accompany him and several species Pylaiella gardneri. Saunders’ (1901b) family members on a summer cruise from Alaria curpes, described from central California, Seale up into Alaskan waters and as far west as was treated by Setchell & Gardner (1925) as Russia. Essenally, this grand adventure was the conspecific with A. marginata Postels & Rupr. result of Harriman’s doctor telling him that he Although sll in South Dakota, Saunders’ needed to take some me off and relax. In work on west coast brown algae must have been addion to Saunders as the phycologist, the sufficient basis for his being selected to join the scienfic crew included: C. Hart Merriman (first Harriman Alaska Expedion during the summer chief of the U.S. Biological Survey and a founding 2 member of the Naonal Geographic Society), tents, plus the necessary food, wine and John Muir (naturalist and founder of the Sierra champagne, and fresh water for the trip Club), William Trelease (botanist and director of (Goetzmann & Sloan, 1982). The ship le Seale the Missouri Botanical Garden), Henry Ganne at 6:00 PM, 31 May. A stop was made in Victoria (chief geologist of the U.S. Geological Survey), on Vancouver Island, where there was me to George B. Grinnell (anthropologist and founder visit the Museum. Then the ship moved of the Naonal Audubon Society), Robert northward along the coast of Brish Columbia. Ridgeway (curator of birds of the U.S. Naonal Once it moved out from the protected Museum and president of the American waterways, many suffered from seasickness. The Ornithologists’ Union), Trevor Kincaid Elder was notorious for being a bad “roller” in (entomologist from the University of high seas. On the 4th of June, a stop was made Washington), William Rier (zoologist at the at Merlakala, a village on Annee Island, south University of California and president of the of Ketchikan, Alaska, where Father William California Academy of Sciences), and Charles A. Duncan had a missionary selement of refugee Keeler (ornithologist and director of the museum nave Americans. One of the sciensts was so of the California Academy of Sciences). An arcle caught up with observaons that he was almost by Lindsey (1978) included a “staff picture” of le behind. So a sign-out system using pegs on a members on the expedion and gives brief large painted board was then installed to avoid synopses of the sciensts aboard. It was anyone being accidentally le behind. The next prefaced by “reminiscences” made by W. Averell day, at Wrangell, Saunders rose at 3 AM to make Harriman, who at age 7 went along on the the most of the low de and made his way along adventure and was the last surviving parcipant. the shoreline with the many large dugout canoes Edward Harriman went to great effort hauled ashore, to gather seaweeds (Goetzmann and expense to make the voyage as comfortable & Sloan, 1982). This was the first real as possible for his scienfic guests (and his own opportunity to explore on “Alaskan soil”, to take family). Most of the sciensts had traveled in specimens and make photographs. Then on June “high style” deparng on May 23 from Grand 6, Skagway was reached, a boom town because Central Staon in New York City on the “Utopia”, of the discovery of gold. The White Pass railroad Harriman’s train with five luxuriously fied took miners from Skagway to the gold fields. “palace cars” (Goetzmann & Sloan, 1982). The Saunders and four others set out in a small train reached Portland, Oregon, where they met steam launch to explore the area, while others up with Muir and Keeler, who had arrived by rode the White Pass railroad to the summit of train from California. The Harriman party spent White Pass, a distance of 21 miles. The train the night in the Portland Hotel. The next went through Dead Horse Pass, which was morning the special train proceeded north to regarded as the gateway to the gold rush. On Seale, where they were met by others, June 8 in Juneau the Elder picked up the five including Edward S. Curs, the relavely young sciensts who had been in the field. photographer from Seale, whose future career The next stop for the Elder was Glacier would be forever molded by his experience on Bay, which was the longest stop made on the the expedion. Curs would go on to become expedion, June 9 – 14. A dozen, including the pre-eminent photographer of Nave Harriman, hiked for 24 hours to “Howling Valley”, Americans, the recorder of their rich cultures. In with hopes to find a bear; that search was fule. Seale, the port of embarkaon, the steamship Exploraon by a separate party, including Muir, G. W. Elder had been ouied with not only the led to the discovery that the Grand Pacific latest in scienfic instruments but also with a Glacier was actually divided into three porons, piano, an organ, a library with 500 books, a and they decided to name the largest of these lantern slide projector, a recording device called lobes the “Harriman Glacier”. Saunders, Rier, a graphophone, hunng equipment, canvas Kincaid, and some others used the me to carry

3 out dredging for marine life from the ship. June (the cub was also taken). A celebraon was held 15 – 18 was spent at Sitka, then the capital of in the town of Kodiak on the 4th of July. The Alaska territory. The Russian influence in the Elder next steamed out into the Bering Sea and architecture and the customs was obvious. entered much rougher seas, with accompanying Harriman was able to capture Tlingit songs on his colder weather. On July 7, the Elder reached the graphophone. A mission selement at Yakutat Shumagin Islands, where five of the sciensts, and the Malaspina Glacier were visited on June including Saunders, Rier [namesake of Codium 19. One of the naves, who was very rieri Setch. & N.L. Gardner], and Kincaid set up knowledgeable of the coastline, was hired by camp on Popof Island, where they would stay for Harriman to be a guide. “Indian Jim” stayed with 10 days to collect specimens, while the Elder the expedion for the duraon. The ship’s arrival steamed north into the Bering Sea. For their stay at Yakutat Bay coincided with the locals’ annual on Popof, they made use of an “old village” that seal hunt. The smell of the discarded seal had been built by the government as a staon to carcasses rong in the sun was overwhelming, restrict sealing (Goetzmann & Sloan, 1982). They causing John Muir to walk away in disgust. But also went by launch to nearby Unga Island. Thus, Edward Curs observed the skinning procedures Saunders was not with the Expedion on its stop and photographed the acvies (Goetzmann & at St. Paul in the Pribilofs nor on the stop in Sloan, 1982). Saunders and a few others pitched eastern Siberia. It was Mrs. Harriman who had tents on the shore. Four days were spent the desire to set foot in Siberia, and so the Elder exploring the Malaspina Glacier (which had been came into Plover Bay, Siberia, and the party earlier named by Dall) and Disenchantment Bay. visited a small Eskimo selement. A sea oer pelt was purchased by Harriman. It Back in Alaska, on July 12, the Elder was then thought that the sea oer was possibly stopped at Port Clarence, where the party had a exnct. The Elder was referred to as a “floang chance to meet with gold miners, whalers and university”, and most evenings a lecture would Eskimos. The next stop was St. Lawrence Island be given by one of the sciensts. and on July 14, Hall Island was reached, where A salmon cannery at Orca at the Fuertes was able to easily shoot and collect large easternmost poron of Prince William Sound numbers of sea birds. On July 15, St. Mahew was visited, and several gold miners preparing to Island was visited, and two blue foxes were return to the U.S. were encountered. The captured. Then the Elder was homeward bound, miserable condion of the Asian cannery picking up Saunders and his party on Popof workers was apparent as was the profligate Island as the ship steamed southward. There was usage of Alaska’s natural resources (Goetzmann a brief stop in Juneau, but another stop, an “ill- & Sloan, 1982). Prince William Sound was fated” one, was made that tarnished this explored for several days in late June, and an expedion. Dellenbaugh had heard of an unknown ord was found, which was named uninhabited Tlingit village at Foggy Bay, Cape “Harriman Fjord”. Some of the sciensts went Fox, and had a rough map of how to find it. So ashore to camp and explore, while the Elder during July 26 – 27, the Elder anchored at this returned to Orca to prepare a broken propeller, site, and the crew spent me not only gathering the result of Harriman’s overzealously pushing up abandoned arfacts and souvenirs but went the Captain to take the Elder into narrow ords. so far as to remove many of the totems, taking Harriman was somewhat obsessed with his them onto the Elder, with the idea of sending desire to bag a trophy bear, and learning that them to natural history museums. It was bears were more easily encountered on Kodiak “reckless greed” (Goetzmann & Sloan, 1982). A Island, he directed that the Elder next head to century later, when the Harriman Alaska Kodiak. In early July with the help of several Expedion was re-enacted, repatriaon of guides, Harriman shot his Kodiak bear, even several of these Tlingit totems took place, in though it was a medium-sized female with a cub

4 In the case of Saunders’ interacng with Tilden at the University of Minnesota, Paul Silva did some detecve work in determining who validated the name of the Pacific coast kelp Pleurophycus gardneri. N. L. Gardner, then teaching high school in Washington, found a specimen on Whidbey Island and sent it to Setchell at Berkeley. Saunders, on the Harriman trip, found a specimen at Yakutat Bay, Alaska. Both Setchell and Saunders recognized this kelp with a markedly wide midrib to be a new genus, and they agreed to publish it together, calling it Pleurophycus gardneri (Fig. 2). According to Silva (2009), there was some “dithering” on where to publish their descripon. Then during Christmas break of 1899, Saunders took a trip to Minneapolis to consult with Tilden, who had also collected this same disncve kelp but on San Juan Island. Through his “inadvertent assistance”, Saunders alerted Tilden to his and Setchell’s plans and also the name they were planning to use. Tilden’s release of her exsiccata Fig. 2. Pleurophycus gardneri Setchell & D.A. “American Algae” using the name and also Saunders ex Tilden. [from Saunders 1901a]. providing a descripon on the label validated the name and giving her credit for authorship, even somber ceremonies returning them to the though she had “Setchell and Saunders Mss.” “Saanya Kwann” clan in Ketchikan (Litwin, 2005). The fourth Fascicle of her exsiccata appeared in In the Introducon to his report on the Feb. 1900, predang the accounts by Setchell Algae from the Harriman Alaska expedion, (1901) and by Saunders (1901a). Saunders (1901a) acknowledged the generous Some of the new taxa coming out of the help in working up his collecons of many Harriman Alaska Expedion were Saunders’ contemporaries, such as Frank Collins (the green Homeostroma lobatum [now Punctaria lobata algae), K. Hirn (Oedogoniaceae), M. Gomont (D.A. Saunders) Setch. & N.L. Gardner, (Oscillatoriaceae), A. M. Edwards (diatoms), F. R. Myelophycus intesnalis [now Melanosiphon Kjellman (“all” the Corallinaceae and help with intesnalis (D.A. Saunders) M.J. Wynne], and Alaria and Fucus), W. A. Setchell (advice on the several species of Streblonema (S. irregulare, S. Laminariaceae and Cyanophyceae), and W. G. minussimum, and S. pacificum). His Alaria Farlow (who determined several species of red fragilis from Glacier Bay, Alaska, was recognized algae). He also thanked Dr. C. E. Bessey by Widdowson (1971) and Gabrielson et al. (Nebraska) and Prof. Conway MacMillan (2006), both under the junior synonym A. (Minnesota) for sharing their libraries and Miss tenuifolia Setch., and by Tom De Cew’s on-line Josephine Tilden for the loan of her enre Puget “Guide”. Yet Lane et al. (2007) included it within Sound collecon. So Saunders was indeed the their broad circumscripon of A. marginata recipient of much assistance. According to Postels & Rupr. Saunders’ Coilodesme linearis is Hultén (1940), the phanerogamic and the now treated as conspecific with C. cystoseirae cryptogamic collecons of the Expedion were (Rupr.) Setch. & N.L. Gardner. His Ectocarpus assembled and now form the nucleus of the cylindricus is now treated as Feldmannia Alaskan material in the Nat’l Herbarium, paradoxa (Mont.) Hamel var. cylindrica (D.A. Washington DC (US). 5 Saunders) H.-S. Kim & I.K. Lee (1994). Saunders is and sampling the sugar cane that he was remembered by the brown algal generic name working on and how every Sunday one of De Saundersella of Kylin (1940), which was based on Alton’s free-range chickens would end up in a Saunders’ Mesogloia simplex from Sitka, and the pot for Sunday dinner (“chicken and spin-off name Heterosaundersella Tokida (1942). dumplings”). She recalls him as a quiet, very It should be noted that the excellent illustraons private man, always experimenng in his accompanying Saunders’ account were done by gardens. Although two standard biographical his wife “Eva” [Evangeline Merri Saunders]. references (Stafleu & Cowan, 1985; Brummi & In 1903, Saunders and family [wife Eva Powell, 1992) give Saunders’ birth and death and children Harry and Edna] moved from South dates as “1870-1940”, the family claims that he Dakota to Texas, first living in Terrell, where was born in Alfred, Allegany County, New York, Saunders connued his seed breeding work on 30 June, 1869. According to his official death the Porter Demonstraon Farm. Terrell is where cerficate, he died in Greenville, Texas, 2 May the farm extension service started, and he 1949. served as a County Farm Extension Agent. The A century aer the Harriman Alaska Porter Farm remains a working farm today and is Expedion there was a re-enactment of the a Naonal Historic Landmark. The 1910 U. S. voyage (Litwin 2005). The M/V Clipper Odyssey, Census shows Saunders and family to be living in a 340- foot ocean-going vessel, re-traced the Waco, Texas, where he connued as a Field earlier expedion, with 19 sciensts, writers, and Agent for the U.S. Government. By the 1920 arsts. This is a very good read and provides a Census, the family had moved to Greenville, remarkable contrast in the Alaska that those on Hunt County, where Saunders was one of the the Elder saw in 1899 and the contemporary founders of the U.S. Government’s Coon Seed scenes observed by those on the Clipper Breeding Staon. A Coon Museum remains in Odyssey. A PBS program [hp://www.pbs.org/ Greenville today. Saunders cross-pollinated the harriman/index. html] and an arcle in the “Sea Island” strain of coon with the “Upland Smithsonian Magazine (June, 2003) also coon” strain resulng in the “Lone Star” coon provided interesng accounts of this re- seed, which was the basis of his company, the enactment of the original Harriman Alaska “Saunders Lone Star Seed Company”. He helped Expedion. develop a breed of coon plant with fibers that easily separated from the capsule, or “boll”. The Anderson C. L.1894. Some new and some old algae but variety flourished in a hot, dry climate and recently recognized on the California coast. Zoe 4: became a standard in the industry and the 358-362. forerunner of Egypan coon. He mentored Brummi R. K. & C. E. Powell. (eds.). 1992. Authors of students from Egypt and over his career had plant names. A list of authors of scienfic names many interacons with Egypan colleagues. of plants, with recommended standard forms of their names including abbreviaons. Roy. Bot. Another of his students was Early C. Ewing, who Gard., Kew 732 pp. later operated the largest coon plantaon in Collins F. S. 1907. Pylaiella gardneri. Collins, Holden & the world. Saunders eventually resigned and Setchell, Phycotheca Boreali-Americana, No 1384. went on to establish his own fuel business (of De Cew T. Guide to the seaweeds of Brish Columbia, coal and wood). Washington, Oregon, and northern California. According to his great-granddaughter hp://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/guide/ index.html Jennifer Miller, most of the many souvenirs Gabrielson P. W., T. B. Widdowson & S. C. Lindstrom. 2006. Saunders had from the Alaska expedion were Keys to the seaweeds and seagrasses of southeast later lost in a flood. But the “Souvenir Album” Alaska, Brish Columbia, Washington, and from the Expedion survived. Mrs. Miller also Oregon. Phycol. Contr. No. 7. iv + 209 pp. related how her mother has memories as a Goetzmann W. H. & K. Sloan. 1982. Looking Far North. The young girl of vising her grandfather (De Alton) Harriman Expedion to Alaska 1899. Viking Press, New York. xxv + 224 pp. Harriman Alaskan 6 Expedion. 1900-1902. Proc. Wash. Acad, Sci. Staon, pp. [101]- 227 + [1], Brookings, South Vols. 2-4. Washington D. C. Dakota. Hollenberg G. J. 1942. Phycological notes. I. Bull. Torrey ______. 1899b. New or lile-known brown algae of the Bot. Club 69: 528-538. Pacific coast. Erythea 7: 37-40, 1 pl. Hultén E. 1940. History of botanical exploraon in Alaska ______. 1901a. Papers from the Harriman Alaska and Yukon territories from the me of their Expedion XXV. The algae. Proc. Wash, Acad. Sci. discovery to 1940. Bot. Not. 1940: 289-346. 3: 391-486, 19 pls. Kim H.-S. & I. K. Lee. 1994. Morphotaxonomic studies on ______. 1901b. A new species of Alaria. Minnesota the Korean Ectocarpaceae (Phaeophyta). III. Botanical Studies 2: 561-562, pl. 33. Setchell W. A. Genus Feldmannia Hamel, specially referred to 1901. Notes on algae, I. Zoe 5: 121-129. morphogenesis and phylogenec relaonship ______& N. L. Gardner. 1903. Algae of northwestern among related genera. Kor. J. Phycol. 9: 153-168. America. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 1: 165-418 + [1]. Klein M. 2000. The life and legend of E. H. Harriman. ______& ______. 1924. Phycological contribuons, VII. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, N. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 13: 1-13. ______& C., and London. xvi + 521 pp. ______. 1925. The marine algae of the Pacific coast of Kylin H. 1940. Die Phaeophyceenordnung Chordariales. North America. Part III. Melanophyceae. Univ. Acta Univ. Lund. 36(9): 1-67. Calif. Publ. Bot. 8: 383-898. Lane C. E., S. C. Lindstrom & G. W. Saunders. 2007. A Silva P. C. 2009 Historical nomenclatural and distribuonal molecular assessment of northeast Pacific Alaria notes on two Pacific coast kelps: Lessoniopsis species (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) with lioralis and Pleurophycus gardneri reference to the ulity of DNA barcoding. (Phaeophyceae, Laminariales, Alariaceae). Molecular Phylogenecs and Evoluon 44: Madroño 56: 112-117. 634-648. Smith G. M. 1942. Notes on some brown algae from the ______., C. Mayes, L. D. Druehl & G. W. Saunders. 2006. A Monterey Peninsula, California. Amer. J. Bot. 29: mul-gene molecular invesgaon of the kelp 645-653. (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) supports Stafleu F. A. & R. S. Cowan. 1985, Taxonomic Literature… substanal taxonomic re-organizaon. J. Phycol. Vol. V: Sal-Ste. 2nd edit. Bohn, Scheltema & 42: 493- 512. Holkema, Utrecht/ Antwerp. Regnum Veg. 112. Lindsey A. A. 1978. The Harriman Alaska Expedion of 1066 pp. 1899 including the idenes of those in the staff Tokida J. 1942. Phycological observaons. V. Trans. picture. BioScience 28: 383-386. Sapporo Nat. Hist. Soc. 17(2): 82-95. Litwin T. S. (ed.). 2005. The Harriman Alaska expedion Widdowson T. B. 1971. A taxonomic revision of the genus retraced; a century of change, 1899-2001. Alaria Greville. Syesis 4: 11-49. Foreword by D. Rockefeller, Jr. Rutgers University Wynne M. J. 2009. Marine algae and early expedions in Press, New Brunswick, NJ, xxi + 287 pp. hp:// the upper North Pacific and Bering Sea. Algae 24: www.pbs. org/ harriman/index.html 1-29. Pedroche P. F., P. C. Silva, L. E. Aguilar Rosas, K. M. Dreckmann & R. Aguilar Rosas. 2008. Catálogo de I am indebted to Jennifer Miller, the great- las algas benthónicas del Pacífico de México II. granddaughter of De Alton Saunders, for Phaeophycota. Universidad Autónoma providing the portrait on page 1 and also a very Metropolitana, Mexicali, and University of helpful biographical account of his life. I California, Berkeley. [viiii], i-vi + 15-146 pp. happened to be watching “Anques Roadshow” Reinke J. 1888. Die braunen Algen (Fucaceen und on PBS one evening, with a show originang Phaeosporeen) der Kieler Bucht. Ber. Deutsch. from Harord, Conneccut. Jennifer Miller Bot. Ges. 6: 14-20. Saunders D. A. 1895. A preliminary paper on Costaria with brought to the show a family treasure to be descripon of a new species. Botanical Gazee evaluated, namely, her great-grandfather’s copy 20: 54-57. of the “Souvenir Album” from the Harriman ______. 1898. Phycological memoirs. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., Alaska Expedion. Aer the expedion, Ser. 3, Bot. 1: 147-168, 21 pls. Harriman compiled a rich collecon of his ______. 1899a. Ferns and flowering plants of South photographs taken during the expedion Dakota. South Dakota Bull. No. 64, U. S. Exper. (primarily by Edward Curs) and distributed

7 idencal albums as souvenirs to each of the parcipants. Her appearance on that program allowed me to contact Mrs. Miller, and she generously shared with me some facts and anecdotes about her great-grandfather handed down through her family. Jennifer’s grandfather was Harrison Merri Saunders, Sr., who had 3 children [all of whom are living in Sept., 2010]: Harrison (“Bud”) Merri Saunders, Jr., and twins William (“Jack”) Dee Saunders and Carolyn (“Jill”) Lee [Saunders] Nash, Jill Nash being the mother of Jennifer Miller. Jean Ann Ables-Fla, Volunteer Genealogist for the Riter C. Hulsey Public Library in Terrell, Texas, also provided me with useful facts.

Michael J. Wynne University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

8