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Table of Contents. Plates Figures TWENTIETH REPORT SECTION OF BOTANY OF J. H. Ehlers, Chairman. THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCE Salt Ratios in Soil Cultures. R. P. Hibbard .....................27 Blue-Green Algæ as Agents in the Deposition of Marl in a Michigan Lake. J. B. Pollock........................................29 PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF THE COUNCIL BY PLATES G. H. COONS Plate I. Charles Keene Dodge.................................................2 CHAIRMAN, BOARD OF EDITORS Plate II. a. View looking northwest from point j, Figure 2, showing glacially smoothed and polished surface along BY AUTHORITY the shore near the center of the photograph. .................10 LANSING, MICHIGAN b. View looking southeast from point f, Figure 2, showing a WYNKOOP HALLENBECK CRAWFORD CO., STATE PRINTERS glaciated surface roughened by solution and wave 1918 action. ............................................................................10 PUBLISHED Plate III. View near point d, Figure 2, showing a surface very NOVEMBER 22, 1919. greatly roughened by wave action and solution and a channel excavated by the action of the waves upon a much jointed dolomite. ...................................................10 TABLE OF CONTENTS. Plate IV. a and b. Spheroidal disintegration of granite in banks of Nile above the First Cataract......................................25 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL..................................................... 2 Plate V. a. Granite block broken apart by diffission near Shabluka Hills, Soudan. .................................................25 OFFICERS FOR 1918-1919. ................................................. 2 b. Statue of Rameses the Great in Nubian Sandstone split by MEMORIAL TO C. K. DODGE WITH PORTRAIT......................... 2 diffission. Entrance to Rock Temple of Abu Simbel, near Wady Haifa, Upper Egypt...............................................25 PAPERS PRESENTED Plate VI. a. Complete concretion..........................................25 PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS b. Concretion split by diffission..............................................25 Old Wine in New Bottles. Professor LeRoy H. Harvey .... 3 Plate VII. a. Pebble split by diffission and Dreikanten. .........25 SECTION OF GEOLOGY AND GEOGRAPHY b. Pebbles with black coating from Assuan Cataract. ...........25 F. W. Frostic, Chairman. Plate VIII. a. Konkur limestone within widened joint spaces of Features of the Country around Camp Custer. Frank the Nubian Sandstone....................................................25 Leverett ............................................................................. 7 b. Map of the Moquattam Hill near Cairo, Egypt, from map by Drainage Features and Uplifts in Elsie and Perrinton the Survey Department. .................................................25 Quadrangles. Frank Leverett ........................................... 8 Plate XVI and XVII. Blue Green Algæ and Marl. ...................35 The Manner of Occurrence of Potassium Nitrate in Oregon. Thomas Nattress................................................ 8 The Formation and Destruction of Glaciated Surfaces FIGURES. near Seul Choix Point, Lake Michigan. G. M. Ehlers....... 9 Figure 1. Sketch map of Seul Choix Point Peninsula showing distribution of surface rocks. (U. S. Lake Survey base, Hauy's Contribution to our Knowledge of Isomorphism. with additions.) .................................................................9 E. H. Kraus...................................................................... 11 Figure 2. Sketch map of part of the southwest shore of the Floods in the Saginaw Valley; Their Causes and Effects. Seul Choix Point Peninsula between points a and b, F. W. Frostic.................................................................... 11 Figure 1 indicating low escarpment and general direction of ice movement. (U. S. Lake Survey base, with Permo-Carboniferous Conditions versus Permo- additions.).........................................................................9 Carboniferious Times. E. C. Case. ................................ 18 Figure 3. Saginaw Drainage Basin........................................12 A Soil Classification of Michigan. C. O. Sauer............... 18 Figure 4. Showing; positions of the Upper, Middle and Lower The Peculiar Weathering Processes of Desert Regions Basins. The areas shaded show the area covered by the with Illustrations from Egypt and the Soudan. W. H. highest flood...................................................................12 Hobbs.............................................................................. 22 Figure 5. From St. Charles Quadrangle. Scale 1 inch to the mile, contour interval, 5 feet. Showing the effect of sand ridges on drainage. Note the undrained areas west of the Selections from the 20th Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science – Page 1 of 36 ridges and the efforts being made to improve these lands...............................................................................13 Figure 6. Showing the effect of a northeast storm on the height of the Saginaw River at Saginaw, Nov. 21-24, 1917. .....16 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. TO HON. ALBERT E. SLEEPER, Governor of the State of Michigan: SIR—I have the honor to submit herewith the XX Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science for publication, in accordance with Section 14 of Act No. 44 of the Public Acts of the Legislature of 1899. Respectfully, I. D. SCOTT, Ann Arbor, Michigan, June, 1918. Secretary. OFFICERS FOR 1918-1919. President, F. T. CARLTON, Albion. Secretary-Treasurer, I. D. SCOTT, Ann Arbor. Librarian, CRYSTAL THOMPSON, Ann Arbor. Chairman, Board of Editors, G. H. COONS, East Lansing. VICE-PRESIDENTS Agriculture, F. A. SPRAGG, East Lansing. Geography and Geology, C. O. SAUER. Zoology, A. L. LEATHERS. Sanitary and Medical Science, WARD GILTNER. Botany, J. H. EHLERS, Ann Arbor. [Plate I. Charles Keene Dodge.] Economics, I. L. SHARFMAN. Psychology, ————————. PAST-PRESIDENTS CHARLES KEENE DODGE. 1844-1918. DR. W. J. BEAL, Amherst, Mass. DR. W. H. SHERZER, Ypsilanti. The science of botany in Michigan suffered an HON. BRYANT WALKER, Detroit. irreparable loss in the death of Charles Keene Dodge on PROF. V. M. SPAULDING, Loma Linda, Calif. March 22, 1918. A most enthusiastic field worker and an DR. HENRY B. BAKER, Holland, Mich. able and painstaking systematist, it is due largely to him PROF. JACOB REIGHARD, Ann Arbor. that so much is known of our vegetation; and his PROF. CHARLES E. BARR, Albion. pleasing personality made his life a real inspiration to his DR. V. C. VAUGHAN, Ann Arbor. fellow naturalists. PROF. F. C. NEWCOMBE, Ann Arbor. Mr. Dodge was born on April 26, 1844, on a farm near DR. A. C. LANE, Tufts College, Mass. Jackson, Michigan. He received the usual country PROF. W. B. BARROWS, East Lansing. schooling, then prepared for college at the Ann Arbor DR. J. B. POLLOCK, Ann Arbor. Union School, from which he graduated in 1866. The DR. A. G. RUTHVEN, Ann Arbor. same year he entered the University of Michigan, PROF. M. S. W. JEFFERSON, Ypsilanti. graduating four years later from the classical course. At DR. CHARLES E. MARSHALL, East Lansing. that time not much botanical work was given in the PROF. FRANK LEVERETT, Ann Arbor. University, but he was able to take a six weeks course DR. F. G. NOVY, Ann Arbor. under Alexander Winchell, then professor of geology. PROF. WM. E. PRAEGER, Kalamazoo. Although always keenly interested in the out-of-door PROF. E. A. BESSEY, East Lansing. world, it is due no doubt to Professor Winchell's PROF. WM. H. HOBBS, Ann Arbor. influence that Dodge became so attracted to plant life. PROF. L. H. HARVEY, Kalamazoo. After his graduation from the University he taught for two years at Rockland, Ontonagon County, and two more Selections from the 20th Annual Report of the Michigan Academy of Science – Page 2 of 36 years at Hancock, Houghton County. In the latter place he read law for a year and was admitted to the bar in ADDRESS OF THE PRESIDENT OF 1875, when he moved to Port Huron to practise his THE MICHIGAN ACADEMY OF profession. Here all of his spare time was spent in the SCIENCE. identification of the plants of Lambton County, Ontario, and of St. Clair County. In 1893 he gave up his practise DELIVERED THURSDAY, MARCH 28. and entered the United States Customs Service at Port AUDITORIUM, NATURAL SCIENCE BUILDING. Huron, and with greater leisure was able to do more systematic field work, to start a permanent herbarium and to prepare some of his work for publication. In 1908 he became associated with the Michigan Biological NEW WINE IN OLD BOTTLES. Survey for which he has spent a part of every LEROY H. HARVEY. subsequent summer in active field work in various parts of the state. He became an Associate in Botany in the The theme which I have chosen is a favorite one having Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, in 1912, and a frequency almost as great as exaugurals. However, it remained a valued member of the staff until his death. seems to possess an almost unique significance at this juncture in our national life and so I venture to invite your The following papers of Mr. Dodge have been published consideration with me of the relation and function of and there are several more in manuscript. science to our future effort in Americanization. Flora of St. Clair County. Ann. Rept. Mich. Horticultural At the dedication of the Pasteur Institute in Paris in 1888, Soc., 1899. that significant time in French national life, Pasteur in his Observations on the Crataegi in the Vicinity of Port closing
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