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Coming to Australia: Killiechonate to Geelong

The Story of John Inverary McPhee by Bernie P McPhee

Coming to Australia: Killiechonate to Geelong The Story of John Inverary McPhee by Bernie P McPhee

Designed in August 2013 by Blue Vapours Printed in Australia

For further information contact Bernie: [email protected] [email protected]

© 2013. Apart from any fair dealing permitted according to the provisions of the Copyright Act, reproduction by any process of any parts of any work may not be undertaken without written permission from the author. National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: McPhee, Bernie P Coming to Australia: Killiechonate to Geelong The story of John Inverary McPhee ISBN 978-0-9751980-9-4 1. McPhee family history 2. Scottish emigration I. Title.

Right: St Mary and St Finan RC Church, , designed by Edward Pugin 1873. Below: The Old . Remember the MacDonells of Keppoch

— McPhee saying

Above: John McPhee (1796-1867). To Australia 1853. Below: Ann MacDonell of in 1985. Contents Photo taken in , near site of Battle of Mulroy.

1. Introduction 4

2. Killiechonate: John Inverary McPhee of 1796 to 1867 tells his story 7

3. Discovering Killiechonate and Discovering Braes of Lochaber 30

4. John McPhee – Inverary to Little River Victoria Australia 50

5. McPhee in Lochaber i. 14th and 15th Century Lochaber McPhees 63 ii. Importance of McPhee of Glen Spean to Keppochs 66 iii. Lochaber McPhee and the Lords of the Isles 68

6. McPhee Emigration to Australia i. McPhee in 1841 Census 70 ii. Coming to Australia HIES 76 iii. McPhees HIES sponsored 81

7. The Great War1914 to 1918 McPhee soldiers from Australia 86

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 3 THE INVERLOCHY ESTATE

“Gentle Locheil” Cameron. Hero.

Lord Abingher’s Inverlochy Castle with in background

4 COMING TO AUSTRALIA CHAPTER ONE Introduction: Killiechonate, , Scotland BERNIE McPHEE

Killiechonate was a property on the old Inverlochy Estate, Quite a few came to Australia under the auspices of the and for centuries was one of the consitituent locations or Highlands and Islands Emigration Society. These HIES residences of significant Keppoch MacDonell Clans people. McPhee names are mentioned here too. And I will give a list also of the more than eighty McPhee men who fought in the Killiechonate was where John Inverary McPhee lived. Great War so that their great generous lives will continue to Killiechonate was the home of John Inverary McPhee from be remembered. 1826 to 1853, that is the twenty seven years from the time of his marriage to Charlotte MacArthur until his leaving for Finally, I have made several references in this book to the Australia with his family. He did not live in the main house DNA study undertaken by the Macfie Clan Society. Lochaber at Killiechonate, but in smaller buildings within the kind of McPhee participants in the study were about thirteen in compound for trusted employees of long standing, those who number. So they formed Group Nine. It appears that all the had some reason for living there. Lochaber McPhees, from Glen Urquhart, Glen Spean, Glen Dessary, Glen Pean and so on, had identical DNA (for the Where is Killiechonate? Near Spean Bridge, not so far from 43 characteristics studied – the male haplotype). They most Fort William. This following map, borrowed from Stuart likely had a common ancestor about four hundred years MacDonald is a good guide to the location of Killiechonate ago. Probably came from directly, at the behest of the as well as to some places of importance in John McPhee’s Lords of the Isles, they never went to at all, and life. I understand that the pronunciation of Killiechonate, they always had the spelling “McPhee”. Under this spelling from John Inverary McPhee’s grandsons would have been of the name and from Lochaber in the 15th Century there something like: “Killy-honnet”. are two mentions in Burke’s Peerage where McPhees made The family tree of those MacDonells of Keppoch whom I great marriages, and a third mentioned marrying very well just mentioned, as well as showing the importance of the spelt “MacDuffie”. We don’t have to look far from Lochaber, from the “McPhees of Glen Spean” and the “McPhees of daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean in its 14th and 15th Glenpean”, to find the common ancestor. Century origins, also shows the presence of John Aberarder MacDonald (MacDonell) in the 19th Century, living at So I hope you enjoy this book. As in the past with several Killiechonate. other publications, I have relied on my niece Jane McPhee Fennessy to put this material into good shape. She has a I refer readers to page 66 of this booklet to peruse this wonderful small business and would be able to help and MacDonell family tree. Killiechonate is but a stone’s throw advise other potential authors and publishers who happen from Keppoch, seat of the Keppoch Clan, but the venerable to read this book. Her address is found elsewhere in these house was destroyed by the English army in 1746. You will pages. Thank you to Jane. The late, much lamented and very read a harrowing tale of this destruction in the following beautiful Ann MacDonell of Spean Bridge was my first helper pages where John Inverary McPhee retells the piteous story in in getting to know Lochaber, and my wonderful associate the graphic words of the aged daughter of the Keppoch Chief, Norah McPhee of Mt Vincent in New South Wales has been at the time of her escape her father was by then already dead my first helper in getting to know the wider McPhee family. on Culloden field. Thanks to Ian McPhee President of the Macfie Clan Society Readers of Lochaber McPhee origin will appreciate a listing of Australia who is always supportive and is an outstanding of the 1841 Census which lists only the McPhees. Menitoned leader of our Macfie goup in Australia. And finally thanks to near to John Inverary McPhee is the famous Ewan McPhee, our ancestors – I hope that they would be proud of us. the outlaw of Loch Quioch. Many of these McPhees came to Australia, and in fact by the time of the 1861 Census, Bernie McPhee McPhees are few and far between in Lochaber. Mont Albert September 2013

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 5

INVERNESS

CULLODEN

FORT WILLIAM

KILLIECHONATE

INVERARY,

Drawn by J A Grante, Colonel of the Artillery of Prince Charles’ Army in Scotland, showing the route of the flight of the Prince. The map indicates some places of relevance to John Inverary McPhee of Killiechonate

6 COMING TO AUSTRALIA CHAPTER TWO Killiechonate: John Inverary McPhee—his story BERNIE McPHEE

JOHN INVERARY MCPHEE, 1796 to 1867, tells You had to be somebody substantially aristocratic to mix in his story“Killiechonate”: as composed by Bernie matrimony and warfare respectively with or against those McPhee folks. My name is John McPhee, son of Duncan McPhee. I But now let me come back to the present, to my Australian come from Scotland, from that part of Scotland known as present: all that has been left to me from all this Glen Lochaber. In particular, Glen Spean is my Scotland home. Spean McPhee family background is the corporate memory ‘Killiechonate’ on the Inverlochy Estate is where I lived of McPhee families of incredible stability in Lochaber, from after my marriage in 1826 until coming to Australia from earliest times of the family name, that family name more than thirteen years ago in 1853. My mother was Ann which existed in Scotland before Christianity, down to Cameron and my wife was Charlotte MacArthur. the diaspora after the of 1746, and the Clearances in subsequent years. They tell me that I was born at Inverary which of course is in Argyll. I must tell you that my parents’ presence in I wear a McPhee ring on my finger still, a ring passed on to Argyll at this time of 1796 has always been a mystery to me, father to son throughout the years and generations. So me. Why were Duncan and Ann McPhee (nee Cameron) we come to today, in the early part of the year of 1867. in Inverary of all places in 1796? In my own words Anyway, Inverary it is, where I was born, as they surely tell My neighbour and friend Ewen MacPherson of Little me. River, Victoria, formerly of Oban Scotland, is writing But it must have set my parents’ teeth on edge to see the this down for me. I have never learned to read and write. Campbell kettle drums and the pikes used at the Battle Fortunately my children did learn, thanks to the help of of Culloden. The weapons, the drums, the Campbells, their Aunt Emily, later Emily Johnson. But I never had the so successful in their triumph at Culloden in overcoming chance to learn to read and write. Even when my darling McPhee Cameron and Keppoch MacDonell under the flag daughter Anne died just three years ago (1864) in Geelong, of Prince Charles. I could only witness her death by making a cross on the paper which they put in front of me. The “McPhee” name The name McPhee is of longest standing in Lochaber. You talk, I’ll write, he said In fact the first head of our McPhee family that I know It was Ewen MacPherson who suggested to me that I make anything about was called “McPhee of Glen Spean”. some record of my life, of my early years in Scotland, and then something about my more than thirteen years here I will talk more about this later in this my little memoir, in Australia. So I will attempt it, and Ewen will put it into but for the present let me just say that because of this writing for me. My memory is not so good now, seeing ‘Glen Spean’ McPhee’s well established nobility his family that I am nearly seventy years old, so I will tell things would certainly have been resident in the Lochaber district, just as they come to me. As I start this, I am at Ewen (in either or both or ) for at least a MacPherson’s house. hundred years before McPhee of Glen Spean’s daughter married into the family of the , and certainly just as long before McPhee fought on the side of the McDonalds at the first Battle of Inverlochy in 1431.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 7 Little River Ewen MacPherson lives at Little River, Victoria. Little River has a number of Scottish people and in fact my friend Ewen is a trustee for the Presbyterian section of the Little River cemetery. Already the Presbyterians here have a Church for our own denomination and so also have the Roman Catholics. Little River’s Scottish priest It was a Scots priest Father Ranald Rankin who gathered the Little River Catholics together in the short time he was Little River Victoria Railway Station 1860’s here from 1857 until his death at Little River in 1863, and they built a lovely stone Church for their community. They built a Catholic school too. Catholic people around here have such names as Cameron, MacIntosh, MacDonald and MacPherson. I will mention when I get around to it later how the Chisholms came to be here, and also the MacKillops. Alexander MacKillop, a Roy Bridge Catholic, told me last year that he knew Father Rankin well from their days in Scotland’s Highlands. The soul of Little River I have reflected on how Father Rankin’s life was central to the Roman Catholic story of the Highlands in Scotland and how he continued this effective apostolate in Victoria. Rankin was born in Fort William: his mother was Stone Bridge at Little River Victoria Elizabeth MacDonald of the MacDonells of Keppoch, and it is said that Rankin was descended from survivors of the Massacre at Glencoe, and he was reputed to be some relation of Flora MacDonald who helped Bonnie Prince Charlie, although this last information is harder to establish and is unlikely. Father Rankin was friends with Caroline and Captain Chisholm who were two of the petitioners of 1852 to have Father Rankin sent to Little River from his Scottish mission. Catholics here have told me that he had some three hundred wretchedly poor parishioners at in Argyllshire, and for many years he led the Catholic people of . He was learned, pious and zealous, a poet and Railway workers at Little River Victoria writer of beautiful hymns. He translated devotional works from French, English and Latin into the Gaelic language and he translated into the Gaelic three of the Books of Virgil’s ‘Aeneid.’ In the days of Father Rankin’s ministry in the West Highlands of Scotland Catholics had a hard time of it. I am most familiar with the Parish of Braes O’Lochaber with its St Margaret’s Church at . For forty years until 1813 Fr Angus Gillies served the Catholic people of the area. In good time he was buried in the Catholic cemetery of Cille Choirill in his own pastoral area. In my own time, within those same precincts the pastor was Father Donald Forbes whom Charlotte my wife asked to give Baptism to my children. He began in

the Braes O’Lochaber parish in 1826, and is still there as I Roman Catholic Church at Little River, built by Father Rankin in 1857 speak.

8 COMING TO AUSTRALIA So I am familiar with the strong breed of Catholic Once again I hung back, not being of the Catholic faith, clergymen Scotland gave to the Church and to the people. but I was fully in accord with the beautiful sentiments But none compared in learning and comprehensive grace and engaging rituals of my wife Charlotte MacArthur’s to the Father Ranald Rankin who had come from Scotland faith, that faith which had sustained so many of the to Little River in Victoria, Australia. people gathered to raise Prince Charles’ standard here at Glenfinnan on that fateful day one hundred years before. So when Father Rankin wrote down his parishioners’ Lochaber sounding names when he came to Little River he knew he could well have been at Fort William or Roy Bridge or Moidart. His Bishops back in Scotland, no surprises, were Bishop John Chisholm, Bishop Aeneas Chisholm and Bishop Ranald MacDonald, the last Bishop being a relation who had ordained Rankin to the priesthood in 1828. While I think of it I’ll mention another parish priest of Moidart: Father Neill McPhie. We don’t know what happened to him in the end but we know that in 1745 he was thrown out of Scotland, banished because of his Jacobite sympathies and, they said, his activities. Anyway, getting back to Father Rankin: he was still in Scotland when the centenary of the 1745 ‘Rising of the Clans’ at Glenfinnin was celebrated. Rankin, who The new Chapel at Glenfinnin designed by Edward Pugin, was born in Fort William as I said, which is not so far son of Augustus Pugin from Glenfinnan, attended the centenary celebrations at Glenfinnin itself in 1845. He must have been at the same Here are the words which are inscribed on the Monument gathering as I was, but I can understand why he would not at Glenfinnan and which sentences I cannot have read to have noticed me, and I am glad, because I was totally in me without emotion: the background, head down, and sobbing my heart out as I reflected on this oppressive memory of loving hopes dashed and loyalest lives cruelly wasted. There would have been an “On this spot, where added poignancy to Father Rankin’s own attendance seeing that his brother Donald Rankin had died just three years Prince Charles Edward Stewart earlier, and Donald’s wife, Isabel Rankin nee MacDonell first planted his Standard, of the Aberarder MacDonells from Killiechonate had been on 19th day of August, 1745, one of the family of MacDonells to suffer the most after the defeat of the Jacobite forces. It was bad enough in my when he made the noble and gallant attempt own case, so imagine what it would have been like for to recover a throne lost by his ancestors, Father Rankin. I had taken no family members with me down to Glenfinnan from Killiechonate where we were this column is erected by living of course at that time of the Glenfinnin Centenary, Alexander Macdonald, Esq., of Glenaladale, as I did not wish my own children to see me torn apart in this memory of such grief. to commemorate the generous zeal, There is a little Catholic Chapel overlooking the undaunted bravery, and the inviolable fidelity and the Glenfinnnin site. The Chapel is small and poor. of his forefathers, and the rest of those Before I left Scotland I heard that the Catholics were who fought and bled in that contemplating a new stone structure. An architect who had already shown interest in the project is the son of arduous and unfortunate enterprise.” the very famous architect Pugin. Anyway, after the 1845 ceremonies of memory of the ‘Raising of the Standard of Prince Charles’ in which McPhee was intimately connected in 1745, those officials who wanted to attend the service of the Mass proceeded to the Chapel where in Sacramental form another and greatest unselfish act is re-enacted and remembered.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 9 The McPhees and the Camerons Getting back to my own story now - my father was Duncan McPhee and my mother was Ann Cameron. Our McPhee groups of families or our Clan in Lochaber and the large Cameron Clan or families have been closely connected for a much longer time than I can recall. The McPhees and the Camerons, that’s the way it was. At the time of Culloden the McPhees and the Camerons died together. And after the Battle of Culloden and the defeat of the Highland forces, the bond of Cameron and McPhee had been had been enriched in further futile bloodshed as the soldiers of the Englishman Cumberland Great grandsons Bernie and Michael McPhee return to visit the Glenfinnin burned out McPhee and Cameron alike around the shores monument 2001 of . . A symbiosis of families For centuries McPhee families had lived in the land of the Camerons. In fact I understand that McPhees lived in Cameron lands before the Camerons were the Locheil Camerons. There is also a well substantiated opinion that in that part of the world along the Western end of Loch Arkaig, at that time McPhee was called ‘MacGillonie’ and under that name they were certainly deep into Glen Dessary long before the Camerons of Locheil achieved their ascendancy among the four or so contending groups of Camerons. I believe that while many McPhees subsequently changed their names to Cameron, many did not. And when in 1745 it came time for the Clans to come together to join in the fight which I just mentioned at Culloden, and for Father Rankin rests in the old Geelong Cemetery that whole series of battles and skirmishes associated with the return to Scotland of Prince Charles, it was just near to No wonder that the Little River Catholics in far away where many families of McPhee people had been so long Australia had sought one so much of their own - the living that the Clans all assembled for the first time. Scottish priest Father Rankin - to work among them. Loyalty to Cameron of Locheil is loyalty to the Anyway, I first heard about the presence of this good Prince Highland minister of the Gospel and the Catholic faith, Although I was born some fifty years after the terrible and this searcher in Australia for the ‘scattered Highland events of 1745 and 1746, I remember my folks still tribe’ when I was in Geelong where many immigrant Scots talking about the way in which the McPhees of Glen Pean, people still live and work, and for the brief time that Father Glen Dessary and Glen Kingie and from different other Rankin worked there. But here in Little River his spirit is Cameron lands in Lochaber, went down to Glenfinnan. still very much alive, just four years since the sadness of his It was no distance for them all to go, although it was death. I came to Little River for work on a stone bridge a over rugged country certainly. And one had to be loyal little while ago. What is in Little River is wonderful. I hope to Cameron of Locheil who had decided to follow Prince that I have given my readers, especially any Highland Scots Charles. They called him, the Cameron Laird: ‘Gentle readers, some picture of this unique part of the world. Locheil’. Prince Charles was to lead the Cameron Laird and to lead all my good and loyal people headlong into the most crushing defeat, humiliation, tragedy and bloodshed and into the worst tragedy in Highland history. Cameron of Locheil himself was severely wounded but managed to escape to .

10 COMING TO AUSTRALIA “The soldiers of Cumberland burned out McPhee and Cameron alike Inverlochy Estate Castle, residence of the Lord Abinger, from 1836. Ben around the shores of Loch Arkaig.” Nevis is in the background.

Defeat, one year later Culloden was about a year later, and hopes and dreams were dashed. Prince Charles was on the run. As I said before many were to suffer gravely at the Battle of Culloden and in its aftermath. Reliable folk lore within the McPhee families tells how, in a critical moment of the battle itself, the Highlanders with a McPhee group in its composition, charged the English force, and that Cumberland, who had taken special measures to counter this charge, nevertheless had to give ground to the McPhee group right back to the third row of his placements of troops. It was this McPhee charge which the greatly more numerous English force had Loch Arkaig on right, and some ruins of homes of the dispossessed. Photo to counter. They did so successfully. The horrific battle was taken in 1985 lost, in half an hour. Glenfinnan of Prince Charles But the beginnings at Glenfinnan were filled with hope and promise. The McPhee pipers, I was told, had piped the Prince ashore at the edge of Loch Sheil for him to be greeted by the MacDonald Clan chiefs. With hopes and prayers the Highlanders saw Bishop Hugh MacDonald bless the colours of Bonnie Prince Charlie. They watched the ageing Duke of Athol hold up the standard of the Stuart helped by two Highlanders, one of them was a McPhee. These were proud moments in the history of our folks.

Above: On Loch Shiel: Charlie MacFarlane of Innis a Bhorhain pipes for Prince Charles near Glenaladale, in September 2001.

Left: Fort William, as it was when Prince Charles laid siege in 1745.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 11 Pursuing the Prince GLENFINNAN AND McPHEE There is one other thing to mention about those days after McPhee raised the Standard, Culloden and that is how Prince Charles crossed the Great “for Bonnie Prince Charlie. Glen, fled along the Dark Mile, and along the North shore McMaster from Corriebeg raised the pole of Loch Arkaig, making his race for the obscurity of the for the Standard. Island of Skye. The English troops came after, burning looting and destroying lands and crofts and effectively Corbett from Moidert made the pole. ending the lives and livelihood of McPhee and Cameron. MacDonald, of the MacDonalds of Clanranald, whose They scorched the earth in searching for Prince Charles most famous person was the BARD of Clanranald, and the defeated soldiers and dependents of Cameron wrote about the event. of Locheil. The Glen Dessary and Loch Arkaig region The ladies of Dalilea, down along Loch Sheil, was nigh on emptied of McPhee. I took my children on did the sewing of the Standard. a couple of trips to see places like Loch Arkaig and Glen Dessary not long before we left Scotland. As we drove This information is from Charlie McFarlane, “Innis a Bhorhain”, Glenfinnan, Invernesshire, Scotland, a member of the the horse and cart along the so called ‘Dark Mile” after 1745 Association, and Board Member of the , the older boys calculated that it would have West Highland Museum at Fort William. been a little over a hundred years since Prince Charles was here.

Captured, but alive, after Culloden Three of the McPhee soldiers were taken prisoner that I know of. One of them was a local. Well, in a way the three of them were locals, but one especially was local on account of his connection with Cameron of Locheil. This was Ewen McPhee and he was with Locheil’s Regiment. His home was at Locharkaig. Another Ewen McPhee, a labourer from Inverness, and Murdoch McPhee a farmer from , Argyll were transported in 1747, as was Ewen, the one I mentioned earlier, who had been a servant to Donald Cameron of Clunes before the war.

Michael McPhee at Glenfinnan monument.

North shore of Loch Arkaig, and Glen Dessary How different the circumstances were from 1746 until early 1853 when we took that path of memory. At one much earlier period of time these had all been MacIntosh lands. But by the time of Culloden these were all Cameron lands, with only some residual dispute over particular rentals with the Duke of Argyll. The whole area North of Loch Arkaig was once thickly populated, Camerons, MacMillans, MacPhees. In 1746 quite a few of the tenants were McPhees. Following Culloden their homes were Cameron of Locheil leads prayer before the early in the destroyed, and their beasts killed or driven off, but ten campaign of Prince Charles in Scotland McPhee tenants somehow managed to survive, and were given a pitiful reimbursement later for assessed losses suffered under Cumberland’s soldiers. Most of these McPhees never returned to the North side of Loch Arkaig.

12 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Other landless McPhees managed to survive in the area, a Buie and Coire Na Gall, the first of which places was the few arrested and imprisoned. Most drifted away, content to identifying place of my friend Ewen McPhee, called ‘The be alive, heading towards Fort William area, some away to Outlaw’, whom I shall speak of later, if I remember. and beyond. Later on a few McPhee crofters and the remaining tenants were driven off the land by our own Cameron Chief, some as recent as 1804, in my own early lifetime. Those place names and the property names are only memories for people now. Who knows of , Crieff, Muick, Ark, or Sallachan, any more?

Saint ’s Isle: a small chapel is there, and some old gravestones with important inscriptions of the McPhees

Resting places Before I leave off talking about the Camerons and the Muick near Sallachan of old; the ‘Dark Mile’ leading to Loch Arkaig the McPhees and how the McPhees lived for so long in the frantic flight path of Bonnie Prince Charlie. Photo 1985 Cameron lands, I should mention that there are still to be seen three burial places for McPhees that I know of. My Glendessary, the Camerons information is that a number of people of our name are But back to my outing along the North shore of Loch buried on the little island towards the end of Loch Arkaig, Arkaig: with my children I paused beside some anonymous the end of the Loch nearest to . stone ruin, well into the Glen. We stood around, I took my children to see this little Island, called Saint thoughtful and prayerful. My own prayers were for the Columba’s Isle. A small chapel is there, and some old Camerons, for my dear mother and for her parents. We gravestones with important inscriptions of the McPhees who were standing around her home place and her heritage who lived in those places not far away, in Glen Dessary, would lament the pitiful changes which were symbolized and on the shores of this same Loch Arkaig. It is a holy by these stone ruins. No longer is a clan to be gathered place of course, but it also has some memories of the Prince together by virtue of its ancient family or Clan loyalties. Charles campaign through Sir Ewen Cameron. Sir Ewen It was the scattering of traditional places of life for the thought the Island would be a good place to hold some older Camerons which we all find so hard. Fortunately hostages when he was trying to capture Fort William for the Camerons of Glendessary had other places to go the Prince, and in the hopes of extracting better terms in such as to Liddisdale and in Morvern where his negotiations with the Governor of the Fort. we find my brother Hugh Donald McPhee living and in where my parents Ann Cameron and There is another McPhee burial ground at Loch Beorid. Duncan McPhee were living. Well at least Duncan and This is to the West of Achnacarry and not far again from Ann were there at Gorteneorn when my sister Sarah was Glenfinnin. I suppose the district would be that of South born in November 1813. The Glendessary Camerons who . But it is difficult to make one’s way over there to had been started or founded by Sir Ewen Dubh an uncle this little cemetery. With my children I did take this rugged of the fifth chief of Locheil had been in Glendessary and in path. In a while I’ll tell you how this came about. these other places since the late seventeenth Century. And The old Kilmallie Churchyard also contains graves of then when everyone, McPhee and Cameron, ran for their McPhees, and they tell me that Alexander McPhee, the late lives after the Battle of Culloden there were at least some tenant at Coull, or Cuil, farm in Glen Dessary found his places to go. But getting back to Glendessary just a final final resting place here in May 1835 when he was 66 years memory to mention – the McPhees in Glendesssary had a old. Alexander joined Mary Cameron already buried there couple of key roles there, in being keepers of the nursery, in 1830. Mary of course was the wife of John McPhee the that is the deer sanctuary and the forest grazings of Coire Crofter of Lochy Ferry.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 13 I know that some of their children came to Australia about land, and was too frequently busy with the high life in the same time as I did. Even earlier than the 1830 burial . So whole villages were shunted elsewhere and just mentioned at Kilmallie, you will find a stone placed the traces of their humble dwellings were erased. I’ll give there in 1809, in memory of Alexander McPhee, 24 years some details later about some of this when speaking about old, the son of John McPhee who had been the tenant the MacArthurs of Unachan. The loyalty of the Highland at Glendessary, but who was living at near Fort families was rewarded by the taking away of what little William when his son died. they possessed. The black faced Cheviot sheep ruled. This cruelty hit hardest in our Lochaber in 1804, when I was an I understand that since I left Scotland John McPhee infant. But is has continued relentlessy ever since. the baker of Fort William has erected a memorial in the Kilmallie cemetery of his parents Duncan McPhee and Fort William to Spean Bridge in 1799 Mary Cameron. I heard of the death of Duncan McPhee I will ask Mr Ewen MacPherson to add to my story at this while I was living in Geelong in 1861. Duncan lived till point some description of our area written by a visitor to he was 81 years old. But Mary Cameron his wife at age 61 the Highlands. This extract from the writing of the Mrs had died in 1841 at Kinlocheil, just along from Glenfinnin Sarah Murray of Kensington will give our readers some where they lived at the time. I knew them both well of idea of how many people lived their poor lives on the course, and in fact I am not too distantly related to the late Inverlochy Estate of the Gordons when in 1799 she took Duncan McPhee. the short journey from Fort William to Spean Bridge. Archibald McPhee has left a memorial stone in the same Although her book was supposed to be about the beauties Kilmallie cemetery to record the memory of his parents. of Scotland, this is what she wrote about our part of that His father John McPhee was formerly of Tghrracrochan beautiful country: and Lochy Ferry, and he died at Glengarry when he was 70 “Through the vast moor before me, there was nothing but the years old in 1824. John McPhee’s wife Isabella MacMillan road to be seen, except a few scattered huts; some of them in had sadly predeceased him in 1807 at only 40 years of age. such bogs that it seemed impossible for anything human to Archibald erected this monument to John and Isabella exist in such places. Peat moss, rushes, coarse grass, and now when he came from St Vincent in 1836. and then a patch of heath are the whole produce of this up Kilmonivaig and Cille Choirill and down waste. The eight miles from High Bridge to Fort William is the most dreary though not the ugliest space I have In the decades before I left Scotland, that is in more travelled in Scotland. It is very thinly populated. The huts recent times, some deceased McPhee people found their on this moor are very small and low, and soon erected, and lasting rest at the Kilmonivaig Cemetery in Lochaber and must very soon fall down. They consist of four stakes of birch, at the very ancient Cille Choirill Catholic Cemetery in forked at the top, driven into the ground; on these they lay Brae Lochaber, the dearest place of all for me because my four other birch poles, and then form a gavel at each end by Charlotte is buried there, but where only a fraction of the putting up more birch stakes and crossing them sufficiently to thousands buried there have their names recorded in stone. support the clods with which they plaster the skeleton of a hut I know that in my own circumstances, a tombstone and an all over, except a small hole to creep in and out, and a hole inscription were beyond my moderate means. in the roof stuck around with sticks patched up with a turf Crofters, cottars and small landholders no more for a vent, as they call the chimney. The covering of these huts There were many factors which caused the McPhees to is turf, about five or six inches thick, and put on as soon as drift away from the Cameron country where they had been taken from the moor: therefore it seldom loses its vegetation as for hundreds of years, but perhaps two reasons stand out. I hardly saw any difference between the huts and the moor. I have mentioned one of these, the futile support of Prince In these huts they make a fire upon the ground and the smoke Charles with the breaking up of the Clan arrangements issues in columns at every hole, so that if an inhabitant of these and loyalties which followed. The other factor I have heard be induced to take a peep at any travellers, they are seen in called the “”. The people were cleared a cloud of smoke; notwithstanding which the curshes, that is off the land. There was no money in poor crofters and the caps of the Highland women, were as white as snow and cottars, and the Locheil Cameron leaders, devastated by the faces of the children mostly fair and blossoming. The chief Culloden and wasteful in character, needed the income furniture is the iron pot, a few bowls and spoons of wood, and from the wool. So, sheep would replace the people. The pails to put the milk in.” farmers and crofters were dispossessed and translated, if You can just imagine how the famine of 1848 and that’s the word for their pitiless moving. And in my own following years had a most tragic effect upon people in life experience in Lochaber, even the Marquis of Huntly, circumstances such as Mrs Murray described. following centuries of Gordon kindness to tenants and dependants, he couldn’t care about the people on his

14 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Our own experience of the famine Even the famous Corriechoille Cameron, born in 1780, and others who by the 1850’s were wealthy folks, had known famine and starvation. Rich and poor alike had suffered. John McPhee my son will probably take up this theme in his own writing, but John would not mind me quoting his 1850 conversation with Cameron, reflecting on what Cameron himself experienced in earlier years of famine in the Western Highlands. My son wrote as follows: “As those old and young shepherds would be sitting around the fire, the topic was about snow storms. The master Mr Cameron commenced telling of the great famine which he witnessed himself when a boy. Although at this time the owner of a quarter of a million sheep and a large stud of cattle of all breeds, he was not ashamed to tell us of the starvation he suffered. The season was dry and frosty, neither potatoes nor oats grew. This was what the people depended on for their John McPhee 1833 to 1902 son of John Inverary McPhee living. As the season advanced things were getting worse, and oatmeal was so dear that the poor people could not buy it. Stability for us, on Inverlochy Estate Money they had none; those who had had meal would not Well now, it was not like that at all for my family, living on give credit, so they had to use their own wits to scramble out this same Inverlochy Estate, some parts of which Mrs Sarah a living. Those who had pet goats and pet sheep killed them. Murray described. For the ten years after my marriage in Sometime if they were really hungry, a fowl would be killed 1826 the Gordons owned the Inverlochy Estate. This was and shared among the family. Those who had cows, the owner the same Gordon, the Marquis of Huntly, heavy gambler, would take a certain amount of blood from them by opening absentee master, who took his own life in London ten a vein in the neck. This blood would be cooked in even parts years later. All my working life in Scotland I spent engaged of water. When cooked each member would receive his share. on the Inverlochy Estate. We lived in a proper house, Often after eating the share he would feel more hungry than perhaps more than employees, in what one might describe before; it only sharpened up his appetite for more. The milk as a dependency of Captain John MacDonald, son of would be saved up for two days and then rennet would be put Aberarder, at his Killiechonate property leased from the in and turn it into curds. This would be served the same as Gordons and later from Mr Scarlett, Lord Abinger. When the blood and water. All the fowls were killed or any young Lord Abinger took over the Inverlochy Estate in 1836 we cattle. Every means was used to save life; fishing and hunting got on well with him. Why not? Mr John MacDonald was was every day work for the men. Some days the boys would paying nearly one hundred Pounds a year rental to Abinger. be successful in getting hare or wild fowl. Anything extra one woman could get would be shared by the rest. The old Meanwhile the biggest tenant on the property by far, gentleman said that the same family had no means of getting paying rent of over eight hundred Pounds a year rising to oatmeal any more than the rest.” nearly fifteen hundred Pounds later on, to Lord Abinger at one time, was John Cameron, known as “Corriechoille”. Fort William to Spean Bridge according to Mr Robert Somers Charlotte MacArthur Mr Somers wrote very critically of Lord Abinger’s Now it was very lucky for us, for our family of seven custodianship of the Inverlochy Estate in his 1848 book: children, and my wife Charlotte MacArthur, that we got “Letters from the Highlands, on the Famine of 1848”. I on so well all these years, with always work, and with recommend that you read this book. I know its contents food always, even during the famine, and with the family from hearing it read and from knowing personally the growing healthily and numerous. No crawling out of squalid reality he portrays. smoke filled turf dwellings with white hats and beaming faces for us. Charlotte was related to Ann MacArthur, John Corriechoille Cameron’s mother, and this was a help, although I had been working with John Corriechoille Cameron before my marriage.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 15 In fact I lived at Corriechoille at the time of my marriage, and then, after some time in the McMartin Cameron country of John Cameron at Stronaba where Charlotte came from, we then lived at Killiechonate, a neighbour farm to Corriechoille, and still within the Inverlochy Estate right through until leaving for Australia. I might mention that John Corriechoille Cameron himself had a bit of luck in that he walked into the Corriechoille property of his father in law, at his first marriage. Gave him a good kick along.

Camerons’ Achnacarry rebuilt after 1746

Ballaculish Ferry

Caledonian Canal opens for trade

Fassifern’s monument and Ben Nevis

Lord Abinger opens the new train line at Fort William

Fort William, before the trains

16 COMING TO AUSTRALIA The MacMartin Camerons Perhaps I should explain something more about the family background of Corriechoille Cameron. I have mentioned that he was of that family or Clan of the Camerons known as the ‘MacMartin’ Camerons. John Cameron of Stronaba was of this same family. I will tell you how Corriechoille Cameron explained his ‘MacMartin’ background to me; I hope that I’ve got it right. The first Chief, about 1535, was Martin, Chief of Letterfinlay and Mucomer. Second Chief was Somerled; third was Ewen; fourth was Angus; fifth was John. The Sixth Chief was Donald, who had three sons: Angus, Ewen and John. Of these three sons: 1) Angus, the oldest, was to become the MacMartin Chief, the true heir of the McMartin Prince Charles leaves Scotland Camerons and no one ever seems to have disputed that. 2) Ewen was to become the father of Donald Cameron who married Ann MacArthur and their son is the eponymous ‘Corriechoille Cameron’. 3) John was to become the father of Donald ‘Soar’ Cameron from his first marriage, to Mary Cameron, the niece of Ewen of , and their son is that Alexander ‘King’ Cameron of Penola whom I will speak about again as I continue this story.

Ross and Cameron tombstone at Kilmonivaig Cemetery. There was in ancient times a Rector of Kilmonivaig Parish, Father McPhee. At the time that Father McPhee was the head priest here, the Parish was under the care of the mother house of Ardchattan Priory. But, in 1420, Father McPhee died on the arduous journey to Rome.

John Corriechoille Cameron, a drawing by his granddaughter Janetta MacCallum.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 17 Leaving Stronaba, and with mixed fortunes at McPhee was the leader of a powerful of that time. We home and in Australia have always been so proud of these ancient connections. I A lot of MacArthurs lived at Stronaba up until the time will illustrate this more clearly in an addition to these pages of our marriage, but those left after that time were all when I perhaps get Mr Ewen MacPherson to add to this cleared out in the usual manner. In that little village of stuff a version of the MacDonell family tree. Stronaba there were just seventeen families. In 1805, twenty years before Charlotte and I got married, the heads of two of these Stronaba families were Charlotte’s father Alexander MacArthur and Catherine MacArthur. Over the intervening years, 1805 to 1853 when we left Scotland, a total of seventy two families with three hundred people, were cleared out of the MacMartin Cameron lands. Mr Belford acted as the owner’s agent in this ‘Clearance’. He seemed determined to make a clean sweep of the whole Ratullich area. That Donald MacArthur whom I mentioned earlier, the close relative of my latewife Charlotte MacArthur, he has done very well here in Australia. Thirty years ago he came to Sydney by way of the ship “Boyne”, he and his wife Catherine MacDonald, daughter of John MacDonald and Catherine Cameron. I understand that several McPhee families came to Sydney on that same ship. Donald MacArthur came down through Victoria, and is now a very rich farming man at Limestone Ridge, near Penola in South Australia. Alexander MacKillop Another Lochaber man, Alexander MacKillop arrived in Sydney at the same time as Donald MacArthur and although he was a very well educated man, he has achieved neither financial success nor stability here in Victoria. His family were from Roy Bridge, and the modest home of one of the MacKillops was just up the road from us. Detail of 2001 photo of a MacKillop home in Lochaber, close to Roy Bridge I have met Alexander MacKillop here at Little River just recently. As I’ve said earlier in this story, Scots people McPhee and Cameron in Lochaber gravitate to Little River settlement. Alexander told me that We had a big wedding in Fort William in 1833 which his daughter Mary who was born in Melbourne in 1842, is I attended, when Catherine McPhee, the daughter of now a school teacher, and is presently a tutor for the little William and Jean McPhee of Lochaber married Ewen children of the Camerons at Penola. Mary is the children’s Cameron, son of John ‘Soar’ Cameron and Margaret cousin of course. In the South Australian town of Penola, Fraser. Ewen was the oldest brother of Alexander ‘King’ and within the Catholic Church community, the names Cameron of Penola, South Australia. Ewen’s sister by the Cameron, MacArthur and MacKillop are I believe the way was married to Duncan McPhee. Ewen Cameron, most prominent in generosity. who was born in 1800 at Fort William, had been living Some more about MacKillop at Insh, the neighbour farm to Corriechoille, at the time of his marriage. He came to Australia subsequently, but What is the origin of these MacKillops? The MacKillops Catherine McPhee his wife never did. Insh was a venerable were a particular branch of the Keppoch MacDonell old Keppoch property before 1500, and remained as Clan, all descended from Cranachan, whose father was Keppoch’s rented property up until Culloden in 1746. the Seventh Chief of the Keppoch MacDonells. I mention this because it is a way of showing how our very early in I remember that Rev Charles MacKenzie, the Roman Lochaber McPhee family was so interconnected with the Catholic Missionary Apostolic, was celebrant at Catherine main Lochaber families. You see, Cranachan’s father, who and Ewen’s marriage. What a gathering this was, with was Ranald Mor MacDonell, was the great grandson of the Alexander McPhee and Angus Cameron the witnesses to daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean. the wedding.

18 COMING TO AUSTRALIA The two Cameron brothers Ewen and Alexander had grown up at , not far from the ancient site of Keppoch House, where the River Roy joins and flows into the . All these people virtually neighbours of ours. I could count up about fifty marriages of McPhee and Cameron, many in Lochaber, and many more that have taken place in Australia. But I heard that Ewen Cameron whose wedding I attended in Fort William, the one who was in Australia for some time, I heard that he wrote back to Captain John MacDonald of Killiechonate seeking his advice about some matter troubling him. Children of Ewen and Catherine were: Angus, John, Alex, Jean and Duncan. Connections Before proceeding further I should mention a couple of other facts about the connections between Lochaber families. It will perhaps pull together a few threads, and Some of the outbuildings at the Killiechonate residence will be a useful introduction to the next part of these notes which concentrate on Killiechonate and the Inverlochy Estate. Let’s put it this way: I know that my late wife Charlotte MacArthur’s close relation Donald MacArthur of Penola South Australia is also cousin of Alexander ‘King’ Cameron of Penola, and this ‘King’ Cameron of Penola is married to Margaret MacDonald, the sister of Alexander MacKillop’s wife Flora MacDonald. And Margaret and Flora MacDonald’s family is the family of Long John Aberarder MacDonald whose son is Captain John MacDonald of Killiechonate in Lochaber. I hope that my readers will not find this too confusing, but you will perhaps see how large, Outbuilding at Killiechonate, showing how the land rises from that property towards Ben Nevis towards Ben Nevis to the South even central to our lives the residence of “Killiechonate” looms. I will now go on to explain what I mean. Killiechonate and our neighbours and relations Immediately before coming to Australia in 1853, our family had been living at “Killiechonate”, on the Inverlochy Estate, Lochaber, in the Western Highlands of Scotland, since the time of my marriage to Charlotte MacArthur in 1826. Charlotte was one of the MacArthurs of Stronaba, and a cousin of the Donald MacArthur whom I mentioned just a minute ago, who came to Australia in 1838 to New South Wales, in company with many MacMartin Camerons. Donald MacArthur’s sisters, Catherine and Ann, were staying with us at Killiechonate in 1841 when they took a Census that year. By that time there were no MacArthurs at all living at Stronaba, but there were still MacArthur families at the Kilmonivaig properties of Murlaggan, Achluachrach, Corriechoille, The lay-out of Killiechonate from a drawing of 1911. Chlinaig, Liandally and of course there were also Archibald and Sarah MacArthur in another residence at Killiechonate. From my memory John at Murlaggan was a tailor, and Donald at Achluachrach was a weaver.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 19 My wife Charlotte MacArthur was, like most of the West Highland MacArthurs, a Catholic, otherwise, after her sad death before we others in the family left Scotland, she would not have been buried in the Catholic Cemetery of Cille Choirill, just down the road from where we lived. Only Catholics were buried there. I am not a Catholic, never was. My wife Charlotte MacArthur was a niece of Ann MacArthur Cameron the mother of my good friend and kinsman John Corriechoille Cameron. John Corriechoille Cameron Cameron was born in 1781. He was a nephew of the MacMartin Cameron Chieftain known as Donald “Saor” Cameron.I met Alexander Cameron, younger son of this Donald “Soar” Cameron once, here at Little River, not far from Geelong in Victoria. Alexander was on the way to South Australia I believe. I mention this just by the Ewen McPhee of Coire Buie. This picture is from MacIan’s: “The Clans of the ” way. He had come to Australia in 1838 with many other MacMartin Camerons. This would have been just three years after I myself had gone from there, to come to Australia. I was saddened in this far off Australia when I heard of the death of this great character of a man. He was such a good friend to me and to my family. Perhaps he came over as gruff at times, but I found him always very kind, especially in the hardships we shared, and during the famine. From the time of my marriage until leaving for Australia, I was often working with John Corriechoille Cameron, and I made trips with him to the sheep and cattle markets. He sat on his pony as though they were one. People said he had properties that he either owned or had taken on agistment all the way to the great markets. I will never forget the sight of the flocks and herds of beasts, miles and miles long as the impossible caravan moved inexorably towards the Selkirk tryst.

Father Michael Matthew McPhee beside the tomb of John Corriechoille Cameron who died in 1856. In the centre background is the Cameron Chapel. In his hand Michael is holding a copy of the late Ann MacDonell’s booklet about the cemetery of Cille Choirill John Corriechoille Cameron, to get back to where I was a minute ago, was himself a Catholic. He was a regular member of the congregation at St Margaret’s in the Braes O’Lochaber parish Roy Bridge, until he fell out with Father Donald Forbes over some small money matter. ‘Why should he have to pay weekly for a pew in the Church when he had himself virtually paid for the building of the Church itself?’ I believe that he was reconciled to his Church shortly before his death in 1856, and so found his appropriate rest in the Catholic Cemetery of Cille Choirill Telford’s - boats going uphill from , just nearby. near

20 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Cameron and Ewen McPhee This will help you, my readers, to get an idea of the wider There was only one aspect of John Corriechoille Cameron’s world in which our family lived. We were so fortunate character over which I felt aggrieved. He seemed to act ‘out to be secure within these arrangements. I have already of character’, in this episode I am about to relate. This is had reason to mention the book attacking Lord Abinger’s what happened: Cameron wanted to have Ewen Cameron alleged neglect of the Inverlochy Estate. Two of Lord arrested for allegedly stealing his sheep, and so he went to Abinger’s best supporters and defenders when he was under Cameron of Locheil and insisted that Locheil have Ewen attack in the local newspaper and in Robert Somers’ book McPhee arrested. “Letters from the Highlands” published in 1848 were: firstly, the John Corriechoille Cameron whom I have just I knew this Ewen McPhee. Ewen’s son John was exactly the mentioned, and secondly, Captain John MacDonald, same age as my son John. His other children were roughly tenant at Killiechonate, about whom I shall now speak. parallel to my children’s ages: Janet born 1828, Ewen born 1830, John born 1833, Mary born 1835, Angus born 1840 John MacDonald, Esq., of Killiechonate and John again, born 1843. Another one of the seven principal of Abinger’s tenants, Yes, he had deserted from the Army. How could he serve was John MacDonald of Killiechonate. The new main in an army which beat up on his own countrymen? Yes, so house of Killiechonate was built in 1836. We watched it he did steal an occasional sheep from Cameron. He was grow and take shape. Other smaller residences gathered treated as an outlaw by many. My own feeling was that around it, like chicks gathered around the mother hen. I Ewen McPhee was just another dispossessed Highland brought up my family at Killiechonate under the kindly Scotsman struggling for existence in the only way he knew. patronage of this John MacDonald, in one of these His children were forced to live in some unhealthy squalor smaller residences. The farm was given over to arable on the cholera infested outskirts of Fort William after the purposes and yielded excellent crops. Rental, payable to arrest took place. Ewen was to die in prison. I felt that this the Lord Abinger was around one hundred Pounds a year. was all unjust in the extreme. We had, on the one hand John MacDonald, or as he was known, Captain John John Corriechoille Cameron, with so many, countless MacDonell, was the son of John MacDonell Killiechonate numbers of sheep, and on the other Ewen McPhee with who died in 1818 and who was commonly known as John nothing at all, only his little family, and only ostracism, Dubh Aberarder. Captain John was his only surviving son. misery and discomfort as his daily bread. He was a good I understand that John MacDonell and our neighbour and shot with his rifle of course. So was his young wife. kinsman John Corriechoille Cameron had some business dealings, probably to do with financing the distillery. Tenants of Lord Abinger, Inverlochy Estate Looking from my Killiechonate windows towards the John Corriechoille Cameron was one of the seven principal South, I was confronted with a vision of majestic Ben tenants on the Estate of the Right Hon. Lord Abinger, Nevis, overshadowing and dominating our world. When whose family name you will recall was Scarlett. This Lord Ben Nevis was covered in snow, it seemed so close to us, we Abinger said that he had made improvements to the lands who were living in its foothills. The land to our immediate of Inverlochy Estate, since he took over the Estate from the North reached downwards towards the River Spean. late lamented Marquis of Huntly, his Gordon predecessor So, this is where our family lived, hard working and at Inverlochy. The Gordons had been at Inverlochy Estate happy, and thriving in health. My wife Charlotte and in Lochaber from 1500 to 1836. But there were injustices the children: Margaret, Alexander, John, Anne, Isabella, in the way the system worked. Even up until the time that Robert and Archibald. Nine of us in contentment I left Lochaber I could see that there were many hard- there at Killiechonate. Our home was no mansion, but working but poor people being hurt. it accommodated us all quite comfortably and there, For my own part however I did well under the under MacDonald, we survived with some dignity the arrangements as they were. I saw quite a lot of Lord hardest times of famine in the Highlands, with work Abinger, considering he was not in residence at the always available from either MacDonald or Cameron and Inverlochy Castle all that much. His son was nearly always occasionally and indirectly from Lord Abinger. The older there. His son had married an American woman. I named children, both boys and girls, went out to work on other my own son Robert Campbell Scarlett McPhee after Lord farms and in other residences, as they could. Many people Abinger’s son Robert Campbell Scarlett. in the wider area were tragically poor. By the way, the other five principal tenants of Lord Abinger’s Inverlochy Estate were: John Kennedy Esq. of Leanachan; Kenneth Kennedy Esq. of Leanachan; Thomas MacDonald Esq. of Achindoul; Donald Cameron Esq. of Caminsky and Mr John Robertson, Inverlochy.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 21 Telford’s Bridge over the River Spean. An earlier bridge, known as ‘High Bridge’ had fallen into poor repair by the early 1820’s. At High Bridge the Keppoch small band of troops had frightened away the English soldiers in the first skirmish of the Jacobite campaign of 1745 Tombstone of John MacDonell at Cille Choirill cemetery, Lochaber MacDonell of Keppoch Although the Catherine MacDonell who is named in this I will ask Ewen MacPherson to incorporate into his text Cille Choirill tombstone was an elderly woman when at some point a document which has come into my hands Charlotte and I moved to Killiechonate in 1826, there which shows the early and intimate connection of our was still an aura about her, still we were all in awe of her. McPhee family of Lochaber with the Keppoch MacDonell Here she was - this beautiful old woman, the daughter Clan and also the connection therefore with the early of the hero of Culloden, daughter of the 17th Chief of Captain of arising from the marriage Keppoch MacDonells, daughter of: “…the bravest man, of McPhee of Glen Spean’s granddaughter Mariott of the bravest race, that God has ever made.” (So says the MacDonell to this outstanding early Cameron. Both of poem: “Biodag Mhic -ic Raonuill”) We were to enjoy that Mariott’s brothers would be Chiefs of Keppoch. Ewen company for some three years. Until her death at ninety MacPherson says to include this at the end of the text, so years of age. you may find this MacDonell Family Tree as a supplement to these pages. Catherine MacDonell’s memories of 1746 An inscription at Cille Choirill for John MacDonell Catherine MacDonell, in her graceful last years, told us about her memories of the terrible days when as a seven Let’s get back to talking about our dear Killiechonate, and year old girl, she heard of her father’s death, and she the warm associations it evokes for our McPhee family. heard some information about the complete defeat of In the Killiechonate household and environs there was the Highland forces under Prince Charles. Without her a profound awareness of recent Scottish history. I refer beloved father and her uncles, Catherine had to join the especially to the events in Lochaber which followed the rest of the family in a terrifying flight, in fear of their Battle of Culloden, 1746. You must remember that I was lives. Forget about property. The soldiers of Cumberland born just 50 years after these events. An inscription on were approaching Keppoch House where she lived then. a MacDonald tombstone in the Cille Choirill Catholic Keppoch House was just East of, and over the Spean River Cemetery will help me explain: from, Killiechonate where she lived when I knew her, burning and killing indiscriminately, but hunting especially Sacred to the memory of for the Keppoch MacDonells to kill them, to extirpate JOHN MacDONELL KILLIECHONATE their race from the earth, to cleanse the Highlands and the earth of this breed. With the Keppoch Chief Alexander commonly called John Dubh Aberarder killed at Culloden, the next chief would have been his who departed this life 18 March 1818 aged 70 twenty one year old son Angus, his son by a first marriage. and Catherine his spouse Angus had been with Prince Charles in his flight, but he who departed this life 25 July 1829 aged 90 years, came hurrying back to Keppoch House to care for his step- daughter of Colonel Alexander MacDonell, Keppoch, mother. So Alexander Keppoch’s widow, the former Miss who was killed at the battle of Culloden in 1746 Jessie Stewart of , together with her step-son Angus This stone is placed by their only son and a few trusted retainers, and the young children who Captain John MacDonell, Killiechonate were with their mother, fled into hiding, Catherine said, into some deep recesses at the sides and head of .

22 COMING TO AUSTRALIA They had left Keppoch house at night, travelling with difficulty considering that Jessie’s youngest child Charlotte was only recently born. Jessie dragged the young girls along - Catherine herself, then Jessie, Barbara, Clementine and Anne. Angus was with them, and as well as Angus, there were the other boys, Ranald and Alexander. It was like the flight of the Prince himself immediately upon seeing that he was beaten at Culloden, little short of panic. The ragged Keppoch party hurried along the North side of the Spean River, past Achluachrach and the Cille Choirill Cemetery, quietly past Murlaggan and Tulloch. They found an agreeable point to cross the Spean River, and sharply South to Inverlair, across to Fersit, and then to the safety of Loch Treig, dreading all the while that they would be overtaken by the cruel and determined pursuers. From The Battle of Culloden, 16th April, 1746 their refuge a few days later, the Keppochs were just too far away, Catherine said, to see the flames from Keppoch Calm returns to Lochaber House and its historic garden all of which the enraged A kinsman who had kept out of trouble with the Crown soldiers destroyed totally. Angus had gone by then to a came to the aid of the broken family of MacDonell. Sir crisis meeting of surviving defeated Highland Chiefs at Alexander MacDonald of rescued them all from Loch Achnacarry of the Camerons. No one knew what to do. Treig, but only after Cumberland’s fury had somewhat run They did not meet again. Later, Achnacarry was destroyed its course. Until even Cumberland’s thirst for blood was too. Sometime later Cameron of Locheil left Scotland with done. Even I, so many years later, had heard of the brave the Prince. Catherine’s eyes would fill with tears as she told McPhee who was captured to the North of Loch Arkaig us of the loss of so many of her closest loved ones in this in the vicinity of the ‘Dark Mile’, and who was tortured time of terror. to death because he would not disclose what he knew of the whereabouts of his Prince in hiding and flight, so I was Strange Meeting sensitive to Catherine MacDonell’s narrative all these years A witness to Catherine’s flight from the “punitive bands later. of Hanoverian soldiers” was a seven year old cousin, a boy called Ranald MacDonell from Tirnadris House. Ranald and with his small party of fleeing adults had called at Tulloch, seeking his mother’s sister there. She was very sick and low with the small pox, and unfortunately little Ranald contracted this disease. He had to be carried as the flight continued. Near Loch Treig the two desperate parties met. Three years later Ranald was able to tell people about this meeting. The Keppoch family, including Catherine and led by Angus, son of the hero and Chief of Keppoch, and the Tirnadris group made up of little Ranald MacDonell and the old gentleman who was carrying this sick and weak seven year old, with his stepmother and his sister Isabella. This was a time of great danger. Ranald remembers: “But we had little time to stay with them, for we heard the Soldiers were coming.” Like Keppoch House, Tirnadris House also was burned to the ground by the redcoats. And Ranald’s father, Major Donald MacDonell of Tirnadris, who had been captured earlier, was tried, and executed, and his severed head impaled over the Scotch Gate at Carlisle. The ruins of Invergarry Castle, another score for Cumberland.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 23 Keppoch broken, leaderless and landless McPhee close to Keppoch Worst of all Catherine said, was that Keppoch’s story I have delayed in my brief story to remember Catherine would never be told, the story of the bravery of her father, MacDonell. It is time to look briefly at how our McPhee and the bravery of Donald, her father’s brother killed name is intrinsically one with Keppoch from the earliest by the English guns at Culloden, and Donald’s nephew times. Catherine’s father, who was the 17th Chief of the John MacKenzie of Torridon, killed in that same tragic Keppoch MacDonells, had lived all his life in Lochaber, battle, and her husband’s grandfather Captain James as had all the MacDonell Keppoch Chiefs before him. Killiechonate, and her stepbrother Angus who carried My understanding is that a McPhee group, led by a Keppoch’s body from the battlefield, and the other brave noble McPhee Sept leader in Lochaber, had maintained a and noble Highlanders. presence in Lochaber long before the Keppoch MacDonells The Hanoverian’s victory extended to a control of history arrived as the first Lords of Lochaber. as well. The voices of the losers in Colloden’s battle would An earlier MacDonald Laird had sent McPhees from Islay never be heard. The voices of those caught up in the battle’s to Lochaber to consolidate there the power of MacDonald. cruel aftermath throughout the Highlands, neither would So later, the First Lord of the Isles sent his son to Lochaber these voices be heard. Even if they had lived. Keppoch as to be the first Lord of Lochaber. This Lordship, as a Clan was broken. Keppoch was effectively leaderless; appointed by the Lord of the Isles, was to last only until a shattered column. “Look around”, our dear Catherine 1500AD. From then onwards the Kings of Scotland MacDonell said, “and after the Battle, and after the bitter appointed the Lord of Lochaber, starting with Gordon. hunting down of defeated combatants and Keppoch Keppoch, from then onwards had no document or Title to sympathizers and innocent bearers of the Keppoch name, any lands, and had to fight for the next nearly two hundred still no voice of a true Keppoch is ever heard in Scotland and fifty years to live in the houses which once were their over all these eighty three years.” For us who lived at precious heritage. Killechonate, even a hundred years later, this cruel past was McPhee of Glen Spean: “Leader of a powerful Sept not a distant place at all. of that time” Early in the 15th Century, in some of the earliest recorded times in Lochaber, the second Keppoch Chief, called Angus of Fersit, married Margaret McPhee, well I think her name was Margaret, whose father Neil McPhee, who was also the Chief of the McPhee Clan, was described as “the leader of a powerful Sept of that time”. Anyway it was a happy union of McPhee and Keppoch. And so, from this marriage, Margaret McPhee was to become the mother of the Third and Fifth Keppoch MacDonell Chiefs. Readers should consult the additional material about the lineage of the Keppochs for a graphic presentation of this lineage. Margaret McPhee’s husband Angus was well connected on his father’s side you might say, seeing that his father, Alisdair Carrach, was the third son of the First Lord of the Isles from his second marriage, and his mother was Princess Margaret Stewart, the daughter of Robert II the King of the Scots. McPhee of Glen Spean’s daughter is surely the mother of all the MacDonells of Keppoch. Following the escape route of Prince Charles my little family and I visited Prince Charles’ hiding place on the South Western side of Loch Ericht. I pointed out to the children that this hiding place of the Prince was but ten miles to the East from where the MacDonells had found their refuge in the secretive environs of Loch Trieg. The Prince hid for ten days in September 1746 in a cave here in this obscure Loch Ericht, as he waited in safety for the ship of his escape to arrive from France. We followed his escape A Keppoch MacDonell Chief from MacIain . “Remember the MacDonells of Keppoch”, the John Inverary McPhee family still says. route with difficulty.

24 COMING TO AUSTRALIA From Loch Ericht, Prince Charles had hurried back Northwards, and crossing , he began a journey directly West. This took him over Glen Roy. It was a two day journey from Loch Ericht to Glen Roy. In these last few miles, the Prince had been near enough to the Cille Choirill cemetery, where thousands of those who would have loved him most, lay resting and we suppose, inadvertent to his plight. But he had to keep away from the main path, and swung into deeper more inaccessible paths, but nevertheless keeping to the left of the very high Beinn Teallach. My readers will notice that I am giving quite exact detail as I remember what I have been told of Prince Charles’ last days in Scotland. This history is all so important, so treasured, so revered, to our Lochaber folk. And in this environment I had lived for fifty years. So I shall continue. The Prince crossed directly over the Glen, which we all knew so well, where Cameron, MacArthur, MacDonald, Flora MacDonald The brave Flora MacDonald had disguised Prince MacDonell and MacIntosh had lived and farmed since Charles as ‘Betty’ her maid, and so had risked her own life to hide the time immemorial. And all this time, the McPhee folk were identity of the Prince. Flora was later to be imprisoned for this alleged treason. not very far away. This defeat would signify an end to the whole Jacobite So, on September 15th 1746, Prince Charles had crossed cause, and the end to the ‘glorious enterprise’ of the Glen Roy, and the River Roy, and this was only four days Stuarts. before he was to leave Scotland forever. He was then just five miles or so to the North of the destroyed remnants of The final escape route comes to an end Keppoch House. No point in going that way now. So, still travelling westward, the Prince made his final In Glen Roy, while he was so close to Keppoch House, the crossing to the Western side of the , the third Prince would have lamented the death of his Colonel, the crossing he had made at this point. But this time his flight brave coadjutor Alexander MacDonell of Keppoch. took him along the South side of Loch Arkaig. On a visit to this area earlier, I had taken the path along the North Highland Clansmen loyal to the end side of the Loch Arkaig. So this time my family and I could In his hiding and in his flight Prince Charles had not been pick up his path again as the Prince continued westward betrayed by a single Highlander, even though there was a from in the Great Glen. Prince Charles would fabulous reward of thirty thousand Pounds for anyone who have to skulk past the burnt-out wreckage and ruins of offered information. Cameron of Locheil’s ‘Achnacarry’ on his left. On his right Montrose before him in Glen Roy soon after, he had time to have a last look at, and perhaps say a devout prayer at, Saint Columba’s Isle, nestling in The Prince crossed Glen Roy sharply North of the its beauty on Loch Arkaig. Remember how I mentioned Bohuntine Hill, but well away from Cranachan, lest he earlier how this place, this little Island, is precious to the endanger those who still tried to live there. It had taken McPhee families, as the place where some ancestors were him two full days to cover this rough terrain from Loch taken to their last resting place, and precious also on Ericht. In his crossing of Glen Roy on Septermber 15th account of the many McPhees who had lived and farmed 1746, the Prince was walking the same path as the great nearby until the disruption and dispersal which followed Montrose and his soldier Alisdair MacDonald, son of Culloden. Colla Ciotach MacDonald. Like the Prince did in 1645, Montrose had united the Highland Clans, including The ship to France at last MacDonald and Keppoch. But there was a great difference. The Prince ploughed on, now taking a south westerly When Montrose passed over Glen Roy on February 2nd direction along Glen Pean. For us, following in 1853, we 1645, he was on his way to glorious victory at Inverlochy, could reconnect with memories of four hundred years of whereas Prince Charles crossed here after the inglorious unbroken McPhees of Glen Pean. We remember the heroic defeat of his Highland Army. He had united the Clans Angus McPhee of Glen Pean, and his daughter who including, as we know, MacDonald, Keppoch and married into the family of the Lord of the Isles. Prince Cameron, who all now shared the defeat. Charles had touched the Eastern end of Loch Beorid.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 25 My grandson is also John McPhee; he was born just two years ago at Nurrabiel, to John McPhee and Bridget Loney. He is only two years old now, but before long he will be saying the same thing, remembering the MacDonells of Keppoch.

Prince Charles escapes from Scotland on the French ship L’Heureux Above left: A photograph of Catherine Landrigan. Catherine was the wife of Samuel Loney of Tipperary in Ireland. Catherine and Samuel Loney came We, following the Prince’s path, would pray for the many to Melbourne Australia on the Ship ‘Westminister’ in 1839. Catherine is the McPhees buried at the cemetery here. My Presbyterian mother of Bridget Loney who married John McPhee at Natimuk Victoria prayers and my children’s Roman Catholic prayers in 1864. This is the only photo of Catherine Loney extant, and this one is ascended undifferentiated to God, to whom all McPhees found in Rev. Fr. John F. Coughlin’s booklet: “Horsham Catholic Parish are dear. Finally he arrived at Loch nan Uamh. The Prince Centenary”, 1943. would have paused here until he could catch sight of the Above right: Jane Loney Hammond O’Donnell was born in Melbourne in French ship L’Heureaux which would take him to France 1842, a daughter of Catherine and Samuel Loney. Jane’s grandson Walter Hammond was killed in France. Jane’s sister is the Bridget Loney who and safety. We ourselves stayed for a while in the cave married John McPhee, 1833-1902. nearby, where we understood Prince Charles had sheltered for two nights in his first headlong flight from his Culloden First years in Australia nightmare. I had my photograph taken seven years ago in Geelong. So, Goodbye My daughter Isabel had married Mr James Rollo Stewart, Goodbye to Prince Charles’ dream of unseating the and they were going off to New Zealand to live. James Hanoverian usurpers. Goodbye to all Highlanders’ Jacobite Rollo Stewart seemed to be familiar with this photograph dreams, departing on a French ship with the Prince. And procedure. for us, my own little family, a hundred and seven years later, soon it was to be goodbye to the life-giving Highland history and the life of and family ideals, good bye to Scotland, goodbye to these so loved places and these beloved people, and welcome to our new dreams. Oral tradition of loyalty and memory I must tell you something that was handed on to me by word of mouth from my own father Duncan McPhee. He said: “Remember the MacDonells of Keppoch!” I have handed this saying down to my own sons and daughters. My son John McPhee, presently (in 1867 as I write this) living at Nurrabiel, a little outpost in Mid-Western Victoria, is familiar with this saying, and I heard him give out this slightly different version one day. He said: Isabella (McPhee) Stewart. Three New Zealand generations. “Remember that you are related to the MacDonells of Keppoch.”

26 COMING TO AUSTRALIA When the photograph was taken I made sure that Another sorrow my McPhee ring on my finger was perfectly visible to In the Geelong Catholic Church ten years ago in 1857, the camera, and I was pleased to see that the expert my daughter Anne had married Mr John MacAlpin a photographer was able to show this ring in its gold Master Mariner of County Down Ireland. It became the colouring in the final product. Isabel was my second child hardest thing for me to bear, the death of my daughter to go to New Zealand. My daughter Margaret had married Anne. This happened three years ago. Anne’s husband Mr Mr William Lloyd, a Liverpool man, at “The Manse”, John MacAlpin now a widower, left these Australian shores Scots Church, Geelong, on 24 March, 1855. I was very in his ship, ‘Vibilia’. MacAlpin of course took his two fortunate that both the Lloyds and the Stewarts lived very sons John and Duncan, with him, perhaps going towards near me in West Geelong when I was first in Australia. America. I had lost my dear wife Charlotte in Lochaber, The Lloyds headed off to New Zealand in 1861 with their now this pain at Anne’s death at so young an age, with such first three children in tow. They will do well there as Mr promise, in this wondrous new land. Lloyd is a very successful merchant and business man, just like his father I believe. Firstly they went to the Dunedin Remaining family area, where as I said, Margaret’s sister Isabella had already Alexander, John, and Archibald have all stayed in Victoria, gone some one year previously. The Lloyds have since made while Robert is an explorer, prospector and has been their way across to the West Coast, where the discovery sometimes engaged in trade in the Northerly parts of of gold has been a good thing for a merchant family like Australia. Reverend Father Forbes made a copy for me of them. I understand the Mr Lloyd is a Commission Agent the record of Robert’s christening in the Roman Catholic for shipping companies and Government Departments. Church at Roy Bridge Scotland. It reads as follows: While in Geelong he had been engaged by the firm of “In 1842, Robert, son of John McPhee and Charlotte Holmes White and Company, Stock and Station Agents, MacArthur, Killiechonate, was born on 12th February and in whose Company house he lived in Clarence Street, West baptized on the 14th, Robert MacPharton being sponsor.” Geelong. William Lloyd is supposed to have been educated My son Robert, by the way, is named after the son of by Dr William Giles, Baptist Minister of Seacombe House Lord Abinger, family name Scarlett. So his full name as School in Cheshire, England, who is said to have been the I recorded it is: Robert C. (Campbell) Scarlett McPhee. schoolmaster under whom Charles Dickens was educated There is a record in the same Church at Roy Bridge of the between 1821 and 1823 at Chatham, Kent. Baptism of others of my children: Margaret, Alexander, John, Ann, and Isabella, all recorded in 1838 with Robert Archibald my youngest son went to New Zealand too for a MacPharton as sponsor of them all. My sons and daughters while, visiting my brother Hugh Donald McPhee’s families will always be a source of pride to me wherever they are in the North Island. Hugh Donald McPhee had died in and whatever they do, just as I know that they in turn Scotland, so it was Ann who had brought the family to will always love and respect their Highland origins. I have Australia and then to New Zealand where they are doing been fourteen years away from Lochaber. My own health is very well I believe. failing now. Ann has been a wonderful sister in law to me: her maiden John Inverary McPhee died at Little River, Victoria on 13th name was Ann Cameron, and from my memory her January, 1867, at the home of his friend and Presbyterian parents were John Cameron and Ann Cattanach. Archibald co-religionist Ewen MacPherson. Most of his thirteen years meantime has come back to live in Victoria. I understand in Australia John McPhee had lived in Geelong, principally that he is courting a fine young woman called Agnes in Lisdale Street, Geelong West. Bernard McPhee, his great Elizabeth Jenkins. grandson, composed this above short account of his life in I have mentioned my son John already. I should tell you 2011. Thanks to Jane McPhee Fennessy for giving good shape that John’s wife of three years at the time of writing this and presentation to this material. was an Irish girl with a Scottish name. She was Bridget

Loney, born in Melbourne in 1845, and the daughter of Samuel Loney and Catherine Landrigan of Tipperary Ireland, who arrived in Victoria in 1839 on the ship “Westminister” out of Liverpool. ‘Loney’ (or ‘Lonie’, or ‘Magilonie’) is a Cameron name without doubt, one of the four or so central and foundational Cameron names. These three sons, John, Alexander and Archibald are all now are farming in Victoria. I’m not sure whether I’ve already mentioned that Archibald is to marry Bridget Cunningham who comes from Ireland.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 27 Geelong, 1847. JS Proul. Little River. The artist shows the Christ Church, Geelong. You Yangs mountain range, the place where John Inverary McPhee died and was buried.

FAREWELL TO SCOTLAND Loved land of my kindred, farewell - and forever! Oh! what can relief to the bosom impart; When fated with each fond endearment to sever, And hope its sweet sunshine withholds from the heart! Farewell, thou fair land! which, till life’s pulse shall perish, Though doom’d to forego, I shall never forget; Wherever I wander, for thee will I cherish The dearest regard and the deepest regret. Farewell, ye great Grampians, cloud-robed and crested! Like your mists in the sunbeam ye melt in my sight; Your peaks are the king-eagle’s thrones - where have rested The snow-falls of ages - eternally white. Ah! never again shall the falls of your fountains Their wild murmur’d music awake on mine ear; No more the lake’s lustre that mirrors your mountains, I’ll pore on with pleasure - deep, lonely, yet dear. “Lochaber, No More” Yet — yet Caledonia! when slumber comes o’er me, Oh! oft will I dream of thee, far away; But vain are the visions that rapture restore me, To waken and weep at the dawn of the day. Ere gone the last glimpse, faint and far o’er the ocean, Where yet my heart dwells — where it ever shall dwell, While tongue, sigh, and tear, speak my spirit’s emotion, My country - my kindred — farewell, oh, farewell! John Imlach of Aberdeen, 1799 - 1846

28 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Killiechonate in 1975: some views of the residence of Killiechonate giving an indication of the several outbuildings, and showing the good survival of the building from 1836

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 29 CHAPTER THREE Discovering Killiechonate Discovering Braes of Lochaber BERNIE McPHEE

My starting point for this family story was provided by my They had been defeated. They were extinguished. They grandfather John McPhee, 1833 to 1902. John McPhee were Catholic. They were missing. Who was their wrote about his experiences as a young man of twenty Chief? They had no lands, no spokespersons. In the years who survived a terrible blizzard in Glen Roy in Mitchell Library in Glasgow I found a book by the late the Highlands of Scotland, while he was watching over Josephine M. MacDonell entitled: “The MacDonells of the sheep of the great John Cameron of Corriechoille. Keppoch and Gargavach”, Sinclair Celtic Press, Glasgow, The text of this story you will find in the book: “John 1931, and another book entitled: “The Clan Ranald of McPhee and his Family” Edited by Bernard McPhee, Lochaber” by Norman H. MacDonald, FSA Scot. Both Warrnambool, 1982. John Cameron came to visit John these authors assert that the second Chief of Keppoch McPhee (grandfather) as he recovered from his ten hour married the daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean. This is ordeal in the storm which nearby had taken the lives of two the contemporary Keppoch viewpoint also as is depicted other shepherd boys. Thus we are introduced to this great in the Keppoch Family Tree on page of this booklet. Scotsman, a Cameron of the MacMartin Camerons. Interestingly, Earle Douglas MacPhee, following the historian Grieve, considers the McPhee whose daughter Later on, Ann MacDonell of Spean Bridge gave me a copy married the Second Keppoch, would have been the 18th of the short biography of this great man entitled: “The Chief of McPhee. And he was a Lochaber man. Lochaber Drover Corriechoille” by Alistair Cameron, FSA Scot. 16 pages, No date. That wonderful Australian Ann MacDonell of Spean Bridge was running a world historian Norah McPhee of Mount Vincent NSW gave wide appeal to renovate the Cameron Chapel at the me the loan of her copy of that seminal work on Lochaber Catholic Cemetery of Cille Choirill at the time I was in entitled: “Bygone Lochaber” by Somerled MacMillan, Tasmania and working there. Ann sent me a most useful Glasgow, 1971, which I might note was almost the booklet which she and Robert MacFarlane had composed, only source about the Lochaber McPhees consulted by entitled: “Cille Choirill, Brae Lochaber”, the proceeds Earle Douglas MacPhee in his monumental study of the of which would go to the 1986 Cille Choirill Church McPhee/Macfie Clan. I have always kept my distance from Repair Fund. The original Cameron Chapel, a Chapel of this study lest I find myself tied to its world view, to the repentance, of expiation, of reconciliation, at the cemetery, detriment of whatever else I might find out along the way was built for the grandson of the daughter of McPhee and elsewhere. And anyway, Somerled MacMillan is mainly of Glen Spean. Through this booklet I first met the interested in McPhees that were on the West side of the Killichonate family of John MacDonell Killiechonate who Great Glen, as far as Glendessary and as Northerly as Loch was so kind to my great grandfather and to my grandfather. Quoich, to the neglect of the Glen Spean, Inverlochy area. Catherine his mother, born in 1739, was the daughter of MacMillan continues the wrong assumption that Angus Colonel Alexander Keppoch Chief, killed at Culloden in Fersit, the second Keppoch Chief married the daughter 1746. Catherine died in 1829, and her son Captain John of McPhee of Glen Pean. He did not. He married the died in 1840. Also I found helpful another cemetery book daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean, which was a different entitled: “Pre-1855 Gravestone Inscriptions in Lochaber” matter. Collected and Edited by Lyn and Roger Tatler 1980. Ann MacDonell of Spean Bridge is acknowledged as helping the This will give me the lead to introduce two books of authors of this work, and it was Ann who sent the booklet significant interest to McPhee of Lochaber and MacDonell to me. of Keppoch. After the 1746 Battle of Colloden, nobody was listening to the Keppoch MacDonells.

30 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Spean Bridge of today In Glen Roy Scotland. Ben Nevis range in background. Cath Gartland and Marie O’Sullivan, great grand daughters of John Inverary McPhee. I used to attend some meetings of the Catholic Historical “Killiechonate”, although not visible in the photo but nevertheless it is in Commission in Melbourne accompanying my brother lower ground along Glen Spean. This photo taken in 1993. Robbie McPhee. So I have received their Quarterly Journal Our family was so lucky to be safe under the umbrella for many years. In one of these, March 1979, Vol.3 No of Captain John MacDonell of Killiechonate. They 7, page 18 to 21, I found the excellent article on: “The did not have to find rental money, like so many of their Rev Ranald Rankin”, by Rev. Eric G Clancy, Archivist, fellows who were in situations of dire and dreadful poverty. Uniting Church in Australia, Sydney. Father Rankin’s Crofters and rent payers on tiny allotments were being name comes up every now and then in the Catholic threatened by eviction and uncertain livelihood and were History of those years, and in relation to the life and forced away from the piece of land they could not call their mission of Caroline Chisholm, one of Australia’s heroines. own in any way. Even what little they did have was being Clancy is a great grandson of Rankin’s sister Janet. I found taken away from them as they were screwed tighter and Father Rankin’s life story inspiring. tighter. Somers argued that Abinger was unjust in failing to In 1984 Ann MacDonell had pointed out to me a book improve the land, and unjust in stopping his poor tenants with material about the Inverlochy Estate which gave an from doing so. Eventually nearly all the crofters on the indication of what things were like on the ground where Inverlochy Estate were got rid of, whereas Somers had great grandfather John Inverary McPhee was living. In believed that the land should have been available to the his book: “Letters from the Highlands”, 1848, Robert people to make a wholesome living from, not to provide a Somers was very sympathetic to the plight of the crofters cunning hide for game and sport for the Laird’s shooting and cotters, had nothing much to say about the principal and hunting friends. So, what an excellent book by tenants of the Estate, and had serious criticism of the Somers. I can’t do justice to it here. Each of the other six owner, Lord Abinger. By this time the Lord Abinger was principal tenants of Lord Abinger on the Inverlochy Estate Robert Campbell Scarlett, whose residence and home had a bunch of people living about the residences, and this farm was at Torlundy. Robert Campbell Scarlett was a includes some big families of McPhee who were not listed son of the first Lord Abinger who had died in 1840. Most as rent payers, and yet are mentioned as living in those books are available in some way or another these days, so circumstances in the Census of 1841 and 1851. They were I recommend that people interested in the situation for being looked after too. the small numbers of McPhees paying rental to Abinger’s Inverlochy Estate should read LETTER XXVI from page 126 to 136. I have listed elsewhere in this volume the names of the McPhees paying rental to Lord Abinger.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 31 My next book is called: “A Jacobite Anthology”. After He stayed ten years at Warwick Hall, got a good youthful fifty years of the existence, from 1945, of: “The 1745 education, then he continued his studies at the Scots Association” its members published a book entitled: “A College at Douai, where he would study to become a Jacobite Anthology”, The Scottish Cultural Press, Catholic priest. But he died aged twenty at Douai. He 1995, containing selected articles from the pages of their was never ordained. In the story as told by John Inverary regular periodical called at first: “The Quarterly Notes”, McPhee, Catherine MacDonell as the seven year old and which was later called: “The Jacobite”. Many nobles daughter of Keppoch the Chief, tells of the strange and dignitaries were members of this “1745 Association” meeting between the two Keppoch parties fleeing from including Bob Menzies, Prime Minister of Australia. Cumberland’s men. The young cousins thrown together in Another member, even today, is Charlie MacFarlane, their desperate flight. historian, of near Glenfinnin whom I have the privilege to know. Anyway, I found most enlightening the article entitled: “Tirnadris: Pattern of Chivalry” by Marion Cameron, page 86 to 89. This is the story of the capture This would be a good time to mention the delightful and cruellest execution of Donald MacDonell of Tirnadris, booklet sent to me by Ann MacDonell entitled: “The Rev a place between Spean Bridge and Roy Bridge, and quite Dr Archibald Clerk’s Notes of Every Thing Kilmallie near to Keppoch House. Both Tirnadris and Keppoch Parish Minister’s Diary of c. 1864” Published by House were destroyed by Cumberland after Culloden. But Kilmallie Parish Church 1987 Archibald was a Minister for Donald MacDonell had been captured by accident after forty years in Kilmallie, a just and good man, devout and the earlier battle at Prestonpans near . Marion learned, and he loved his Scottish people and his Scottish Cameron finished her article with this beautiful tribute to Church. On page 33 his diary tells about the place called Donald MacDonell Tirnadris: “Thanks to the fidelity of his “Cummings Seat” – later called Fort Augustus after the friends, by the scrupulous records of Bishop Forbes and to Cumberland whom I have just mentioned. The diary reads: the genius of a man he never knew, the figure of Tirnadris “Cummings burial place, now Fort Augustus, renamed will live on through generations to come – archetypal after the Duke of Cumberland who, whatever his services Highland gentleman, epitome of gallantry and chivalry.” at Culloden may have deserved, left a name for wanton In the same book, and in fact the very next article, Marion barbarity and coarse brutality while his camp stood at Fort Cameron has written about Ranald MacDonell who was Augustus in 1746/7”. a boy of seven years old when with his mother and others In the course of his ministry in Kilmallie, Dr Clerk he fled from the soldiers after Culloden. He found safety mentions Alan McPhie of Lower , Angus McPhie at last at a noble household where the mistress of the house of Banavie, Angus McPhie of Clunes, John McPhie of had Jacobite sympathies, four miles from Carlisle Castle Achaphuble, Widow of John McPhie and Mrs McPhie where his father MacDonell Tirnadris was executed. (nee Frazer). Dr Clerk is not all that impressed with the Ranald wrote his own story only three years later, and Third Lord Abinger. A thousand local people had turned account which survives today. out to welcome him and his new wife, the American Helen Magruder in 1863: Lt.Gen.Wm Fredrick Scarlett, 3rd

The recently designated Chief of the Keppoch MacDonells traces his ancestry back to Alisdair Carragh, son of the Lord of the Isles and Lord of Lochaber, C1380 – C1443, whose son Angus Fersit married Miss McPhee, daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean, leader of a powerful Sept of that time.

32 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Baron Abinger. But before long there was local criticism of Abinger for coming down heavily on a house maid for allegedly stealing some trifle from the lady of the house and his getting the police on to her, and later for firing a thirty 1431 The Battle of Inverlochy: before the Battle.I year staff member who seemed to answer back. I presume suppose that every soldier who goes off to war will, at that Abinger had a much nicer expression on his face when some time, have to say goodbye to the parents or sisters he welcomed the great Queen Victoria to stay with his and brothers and walk out to the front gate, close the gate, Abinger family at the Inverlochy Estate Castle Torlundy a and head off to the conflict. So it would have been in few months later. The Queen enjoyed herself, well, so she 1431 when McPhee of Glen Spean left his residence near says in her diary. Killiechonate, and set out for the Battle of Inverlochy, just down the road. Did he take his lunch with him? Where In one of the few entries for 1858, Dr Clerk tells of his did he fall in with the others from around Glen Spean? visit to Angus McPhie at Clunes whom he said was Was there some special duty for those who lived near the 99 years old. McPhie was one of two survivors of the battlefield to make some provision for fighters from afar? first Fencible Regiment raised in Lochaber, about 1786, In this instance did the Keppoch Macdonells and the Glen which Regiment was later incorporated with the Duke of Spean McPhees take a few loads of oats and oatmeal to feed Gordon’s Regiment. Clerk said of old McPhie: “He is a the hungry MacDonalds coming from Isla and other more pauper, bed-ridden and blind – yet most resigned and even distant Islands? Was he prepared to let the allied Clansmen cheerful.” Dr Clerk provides us on every page with local slaughter his beasts to feed motivated kinsmen who were colour and personalities of the time just after John Inverary about to die, for the cause of which they themselves were McPhee left for Australia. Clerk mentions on page 60 of all a committed part? This was in that definitive Century his Notes, the family of Ross. when Scotland’s King James I, II and III gradually obtained I took a photo of the Ross tombstone in the Kilmonivaig the mastery over Scotland, and by 1493 the Lordship of cemetery when I was there, and this is reproduced in the Isles gradually dropped away to almost nothing. my text on page 17. Dr Clerk devotes some few words Anyway in 1431, McPhee of Glen Spean, described in on the Ross connections; the following is an excerpt: Keppoch literature as the “leader of a powerful sept of “General Ross of Glenmoidart died on Friday morning that time” would have had a good company of McPhee – 24th – aged 78 years. He was son of Dr Ross, Minister relations. Perhaps they all met at the side gate to the of Kilmonivaig who was married to a sister of Sir E. Killichonate property. We know how some people are Cameron, Fassifern – had a numerous family, four of always late. Were some of the McPhee fighting men still whom entered the Army.” I refer readers to the picture dragging on their vestments of chain mail, still arranging in this text on page 16 of Fassifern’s monument. And I some protective head gear, or borrowing a targ or shield remind readers of the earliest connection between the from better equipped relatives? There would have been MacDonalds and the Ross. In 1437 the Lord of the Isles, this problem – would they fight as a group of McPhees dominant in the Western Isles for more than a century for more teamwork, for a schwerpunct of McPhee power, before this, took over the Earldom of Ross with his first or would they disperse themselves among the Keppoch marriage. John Lord of the Isles by his second marriage MacDonells, or among the Camerons who were very much to the daughter of the King of Scotland, became (through to be caught up in this fight also (unlike the Camerons’ one of his three sons of this marriage) the progenitor of the divisive performance against almost the same puppet MacDonells of Keppoch, who therefore were step-first creatures of King James in 1429), and so lessen the chance cousins of the Ross descendants. I am not saying that all of all the McPhees being wiped out should that McPhee this was harmonious. part of the battlefront be devastated? They were to fight How interesting too that Dr Clerk should identify on against the men of the King of Scotland after all. What page 25 of his book, the Earl of Mar as the nobleman part in the actual fighting would McPhee of Glen Spean who called at O’Brien’s Cottage in Glen Roy. All that himself take? He had been to the forefront in the 1429 grandfather John McPhee says in his story of the snow bloodshed, with no Camerons to help out. He would storm of 1850 is that he passed O’Briens Cottage which be about fifty years of age in 1431 and could well have was: “well known in Scottish history”. And even more been worn out, exhausted, even before the troops got in interesting is that Dr Clerk says that the Earl of Mar was place ready for their throwing themselves at the troops returning homewards after his defeat in the Battle of of the Earl of Mar or the Earl of , wherever the Inverlochy of 1431. It is well known that McPhee of Glen MacDonalds of the Lord of the Isles under Balloch placed Spean fought at the Battle of Inverlochy 1431. Dr Clerk them. Nobody expected the forces of these two doughty uses a Gaelic sounding name: “O’Bioran”, not the simpler Earls, the King’s men, to be a pushover. form: O’Brien”, which grandfather uses.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 33 But for his comfort McPhee would look along the drawn of McPhee of Glen Pean, whose marriage is recorded in up troops and see his Cameron in-laws at the ready, and he Burke’s Peerage. The Lord of the Isles did of course still would see Alisdair Carragh still bravely readying himself hold a great grip on Irish soil with some coadjutors called and encouraging his Keppoch men, and he the same age MacAfee and MacHaffey and so on. Even Keppoch as Glenspsean McPhee. This Alisdair Carragh was the MacDonells were stripped of their titles to land in father of Angus Fersit who was McPhee’s son in law. So Lochaber, including all of the Inverlochy Estate, with the once again Alisdair Carragh of Keppoch and McPhee of Gordons sent in as policeman and new owners. James IV Glen Spean were in the fellowship of arms, while their King of Scotland was back in charge now. It had taken respective children Angus Fersit of Keppoch and Glen a hundred battle weary years and four James Stewart Spean McPhee’s daughter were in the fellowship of holy Kings to subdue the Highlands and Islands. John Inverary matrimony. McPhee’s story mentions several times the marriage of Angus Fersit, cousin of Ross and grandson of John Lord of the Isles to Miss McPhee the daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean, which took place well before this Lochaber dispossession. A book I consulted for remembering some of this was: “The Lords of the Isles” by Raymond Campbell Paterson, Birlinn, Edinburgh 2001, especially Chapter Two. Incidentally, Miss McPhee’s husband’s uncle, John Mor MacDonald, went off to Ireland. He married a rich heiress and lived ever after as the Lord of the Glens. He had some McPhee people surrounding him, those with the particular Irish spellings of the name. A great source of information about the McPhees in Ireland is available in David Morgan’s study notes published in 2001, entitled: “The Demise of the MacDuffies”. But John Mor’s descendants’ influence back in Scotland became increasingly relevant as their generations progressed, because of the corresponding decline in the influence and even existence of his brother Donald’s branch of MacDonald blood which, from the time of John, Lord of the Isles, originally housed and nurtured this historically greatest Lordship.

Earle Douglas MacPhee and the Camerons of Lochaber: Readers of ‘The Downunder’, the magazine of the Macfie Clan Society of Australia, will remember the following mention of the Cameron and McPhee names in Lochaber. You might remember that Earle Douglas MacPhee in Volume One of his ‘Mythology History and Traditions’ of MacIan portrays the McPhee soldier in chain mail and ornate headgear, the Clan quotes two authorities: Rev. Somerled McMillan’s with heavy sword and spears. Not the best outfit for the fierce charging at “Byegone Lochaber” and his personal correspondence the enemy of later Highlanders. No shield either. See page 158 of MacIan’s with the author, and Alistair Cameron’s “The Lochaber “The Clans of the Scottish Highlands” for a slightly different version of this Drover - Corrychoille”, where he makes reference to portrait. the Camerons and the McPhees (in this instance, the When the Lordship of the Isles was dissolved in 1493, the outlaw Ewan MacPhee). Quoting McMillan in ‘Byegone rump of the MacDonalds retained only those properties Lochaber’ as his source, wherein he reports the activities and estates which had come to them through the first of ‘John Cameron, alias McPhee’ in Glendessary in 1717, marriage of the Lord of the Isles with Ami Macruari Earle Douglas MacPhee almost hints at a connection daughter of Ross. Celestine of , in whose name between the Glendessary McPhees and the great Lochaber the former Ross properties of Lochalsh, John Cameron of a century later, the Cameron known as and Loch Carron resided, was the son of the daughter ‘Corrychoillie”, although he speaks of Corrychoille only by

34 COMING TO AUSTRALIA way of introducing the sheep stealing Ewan MacPhee. Cameron for his own sake, for his connection with the McMartin and therefore the McGillonie Camerons, and It transpires that Corrychoille Cameron was a ‘McMartin’ therefore to the earlier McPhees, some of whom had been Cameron, one of the three branches of Lochaber in the Glendessary area at least for two hundred years Camerons as mentioned above. The same article above before 1623 (says McMillan). mentions the Cameron branch called the ‘McGillonies’ of Strone, and these two branches, the McMartins and the So, about the Camerons, I consulted two excellent books McGillonies, ultimately united. The reason for mentioning on the Camerons in Lochaber and Australia: “Alexander all this is that, there is an opinion from a very reputable Cameron – King of Penola – A Biographical Sketch” historian that the once important ‘McGillonies’ are by Victor Feehan published by the author in 1980 at conjectured to have been originally ‘MacPhee’. Doncaster, Victoria. Where does this opinion come from? Rev. Somerled Victor Feehan was a friend of Ann MacDonell in Spean McMillan, (whom Earle Douglas MacPhee mostly relies Bridge. And the other book is: “Cameron Country” by upon for his his understanding of the history of the Kenneth L De Garis, published by the author in 1995 Lochaber McPhees) says that the historian Fraser McIntosh at Anglesea Victoria. Feehan’s book is a really good study (MP and factor for McIntosh of McIntosh) thought that of the Cameron family who came through Sydney and the McGillonies were once McPhees, and were forced to on to Penola in South Australia. Donald MacArthur my change their names to the McGillonie Cameron name. own distant relation arrived, says Feehan, arriving on the So, a ‘McPhee – McGillonie – Cameron’ union was in ship: “Boyne”, on the same ship and came across country existence long before the ascendancy of Locheil, Rev. in a two year journey with Cameron. Feehan also tells Somerled McMillan says. Of course, in good time, Locheil of Duncan Cameron’s marriage to Margaret, the sister became captain of Clan Cameron with the title of ‘Chief’, of Alexander MacKillop who came to Sydney a year but some say not from hereditary right so much, as by the before Duncan Cameron in 1838 and who came down tenacity and ability of the successive heirs of Locheil. (I to Melbourne. These Glen Roy Scotland people gave the got that last phrase from an article in the proceedings of name to Glenroy in the Melbourne suburbs. The thing I ‘The Gaelic Society of Inverness’, Vol 17 1890-1891). liked most about this book of Feehans is the reproduction of an 1833 letter from John Cameron of Inveroy to his One last point about the McGillonie and the Cameron brother Duncan Cameron, in Parramatta at the time. tradition: a key piece of evidence in this McPhee – Captain John MacDonell of Killiechonate is mentioned McGillonie – Cameron conjecture was thought to have a couple of times in this letter, and also the marriage of came to light when engineers and workers were digging for Ewen Cameron to Catherine McPhee of Fort William. the Caledonian Canal, and they found the remnants and John Inverary McPhee makes reference to this 1833 evidence of an old house, Crannoch House it was named, marriage, and to the members of the wedding party. which Rev. Somerled McMillan and others thought was a primitive residence of the McGillonie Camerons. This discovery was made at the West end of Loch Oich. This would have been a good piece of evidence confirming the Magillonie and McPhee and Cameron link, but recently however, Charlie McFarlane of Glenfinnin informs us that the owner of that Crannoch House was not a McGillonie Cameron at all, but was a Donald MacWilkin, a man who would not change his name to Cameron, and who died for this refusal. When Earle Douglas MacPhee was contemplating this Lochaber part of Scottish history he was relying mainly on Rev. Somerled McMillan’s history. But it appears that McMillan had an anti – Cameron bias, according to Ann MacDonell of Spean Bridge Scotland and according to At Penola South Australia, Bernie McPhee holds in his hands the the author William T Kilgour, in his book: “Lochaber in chalice which Father Julian Tenison Woods used all his priestly life when War and Peace”. It is somewhat ironic that Earle Douglas celebrating the Mass. Bernie was at a gathering of Penola Catholic people MacPhee only mentions Corrychoillie Cameron in his held to honour Father Woods at the location known as the site of : ‘Father Woods’ Tree’ a short distance from Penola. Woods was a well known and ‘Myths, Traditions and History’ because he has to hand the accomplished scientist and botanist as well as a distinguished religious book about Cameron which mentions Ewan McPhee the reformer and an educator who headed up Catholic Education in South outlaw, but he could well have mentioned Corrychoillie Australia. Woods had great influence on Mary MacKillop.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 35 De Garis as well as giving attention to King Cameron This is also an appropriate time to write about Mary of Penola, devotes a large part of the book to Limestone MacKillop in view of the publicity Mr Kevin Rudd our Ridge and Donald MacArthur and another large section Australian Prime Minister has focused on her cause for to Mary MacKillop of Penola. Donald MacArthur became canonization by his intention of speaking to the Pope about a very wealthy man, he was a close associate of Rev Father it. I hope that this intervention does her cause no harm. Mr Julian Tenison Woods the Penola Parish Priest, and he left a Rudd leaves Australia on the day I am writing this. large fortune which is detailed in his Will, a copy of which The main interest for readers of ‘The Downunder’ will perhaps I was grateful to receive from my friend and quite distant relate to Mary MacKillop’s Scottish background. Her parents relation, the late Alan MacArthur of Canterbury Victoria. Alexander MacKillop and Flora MacDonald both came from Also, I was able to purchase a CD at the Highland Lochaber. Games at Nunawading Victoria entitled “The Cameron Genealogies” published by the Cameron Clan in Australia, Mary MacKillop herself visited Scotland. It came about which was a great help to me in sorting out who was who because Mary was trying to get her Rule of Life for her new in this wonderful pioneer Cameron family. In the text Religious Order approved by the people in Rome, and the old of John Inverary McPhee I have put my conclusions and gentlemen there needed time to study the draft Constitutions my understanding of these Cameron relationships in the she had delivered to them in person in Rome. mouth of Corriechoille John Cameron. Rather than sit around in the eternal city chatting to people There is a lot of information about the Camerons and whom her father had known there, she went to France, MacDonalds who are the relatives and connections of England, Scotland and Ireland to drum up support in those Mary MacKillop contained in the 2012 book entitled: places. So in 1874, eight years after starting up the Sisters of “Flora MacKillop: A Truly Blessed Mother” by Saint Joseph, Mary came to the Highlands. Mary went by O’Sullivan RSJ, published by St Pauls. And while speaking steamer to the Western Highlands to visit Lady Gordon at her of the MacKillops, here is an article I wrote for The home in Drinnen, where she was warmly welcomed. Annie Downunder, magazine of the Macfie Clan Society of MacKillop described Lady Gordon as ‘some relation of ours’. Australia, at the time of Mary MacKillop’s canonization Alexander MacKillop, Mary’s father had stayed at Drinnen in Rome. It shows the origin of the MacKillop name, and with Lady Gordon when he returned from Rome, and before the connection of the forbears of the MacKillops to the he came to Australia. They had Mass every day in her private McPhee of Glen Spean family at a much earlier time in chapel, and MacKillop would give out the Latin responses. history. Then to Lochaber. Mary MacKillop visited the people and the “Mary Mackillop was born in Brunswick Street Fitzroy in places dear to her parents who had left there in 1838. In the 1842. The building on the site today is named after her. Braes of Lochaber parish, where all the people were Catholic “Mary of the Cross Centre” is a place of care for the families she said, all the people were poor with one or two exceptions, of people with drug problems. The Centre is conducted by the but all gave something with a hearty goodwill, for she had Sisters of Saint Joseph, Mary MacKillop’s Religious Order, and come to beg there. engages the best professional psychologists, counselors and other Mary was very moved when in Church at Roybridge, she health professionals as needed to help these troubled families. saw John Cranochan (MacDonald), so that she felt that she This is an appropriate time to present an article in the pages was near one of her own. She said that even the MacKillops of The Downunder about Mary MacKillop. On August 8th declared that she was a regular MacDonald. this year it is a hundred years since Mary MacKillop’s death in Mary MacKillop stayed with her relative Father Colum North Sydney. MacDonald the Dean at Fort Augustus, and for the rest And I am grateful to Ian McPhee, President of the Macfie of her months in Scotland she visited Catholic educational Clan Society of Australia and Editor of ‘The Downunder’ for establishments, and looked at the way of life of other religious asking me to compose these notes. He could have asked people orders. At his time in England and Scotland she could see who know more about Mary MacKillop, but he would be the beginnings of the wonderful progress of Catholicism, hard pressed to find someone who loved her more. in numerical strength and multiplying of Catholic schools and institutions under the great Queen Victoria. Her mind Just to place Mary MacKillop in her times, I observe that returned to the needs of the poor ordinary children of her she lived from 1842 to 1908, and my own grandfather John own homeland, and the urgent need for schools where the McPhee lived from 1833 to 1902. John McPhee was to poor Catholic children could be educated and her Catholic marry a Bridget Loney who was Baptized at Saint Francis faith could be honoured in the face of the “Free, Secular and Church Melbourne in 1845. Well, Mary MacKillop and Compulsory” Legislation enacted throughout the Australian Bridget Loney’s sister Jane Loney were both Baptized in that Colonies. same Church in 1842.

36 COMING TO AUSTRALIA There was another side to Australian Catholic education: some One can take Keppoch House as an example of this long Franciscan educator in Glasgow told Mary that people were Keppoch intransigence and MacIntosh frustration. in fact blessed in Australia because they were unrestrained by In her character, Mary MacKillop showed all the best qualities Government, unlike them, in Scotland. of Keppoch, MacDonald and MacKillop, with her keen Mary MacKillop’s Scottish MacDonald relations were intellect, her dignity, personality and presence, her humility, connected to the family of Long John Aberarder MacDonald, her sense of social justice, her attention to the needs of the whose descendant was the tenant of Killiechonate, and poor, her unwillingness to be bullied, her love of the faith into was one of the seven major tenants of the Lord Abinger on which she had been born. She did not inherit from her father the Inverlochy Estate. But many of her relations had been that erratic judgement which marred his life and damaged squeezed off the land by the time Mary visited these beloved relationships within his family and made unsuccessful his Glens. attempts to enter public life in the Parliament of Victoria.” Mary seems to have had a more fruitful visit with the MacDonalds than with the MacKillops while in the Braes of Lochaber parish area. But the MacKillops had a long history in Lochaber too. These Keppoch MacDonells were descended from Alexander Carrach, on whom the Lordship of Lochaber was bestowed by his father Good John of Isla the First Lord of the Isles. The first MacKillop was Cranachan, a son of the Seventh Chief of the Clan of Keppoch MacDonells. His mother was the daughter of MacIntosh of MacIntosh. So the MacKillop Clan was in fact a MacDonald Clan, and in particular, from that branch of Lochaber MacDonalds known as the Keppoch MacDonells. This is of great interest to the because (Margaret) McPhee, daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean, and the mother of the third and fifth Keppoch Chiefs, would therefore be the great great-grand-mother of Cranachan of the MacKillops. High Bridge ruins. This bridge of General Wade over the Spean River, and So, where did the MacKillops live in the intervening hundreds downstream from the village of Spean Bridge, fell into disrepair and the of years until Alexander MacKillop appears on the horizon? picture shows some of what is left of where Keppoch MacDonell’s small party of rebels initiated hostilities against some of the British forces in 1745. This From 1500AD onwards the Keppoch MacDonalds and with would be only a kilometre or so from “Killiechonate”. them the MacKillops and of course the McPhees lived mainly as tenants and labourers in properties owned by the Gordon Marquis of Huntly, or as tenants on MacIntosh land in the North side of the Spean River, with the MacIntosh being unable to dislodge them from their possession for 246 years. Below: A picture of the disused stable in which Mary MacKillop commenced Only after Culloden in 1746 did MacIntosh rejoice in an teaching when in 1866 in Penola South Australia she first founded the Religious Order of the Sisters of Saint Joseph devoted to educating children undisputed and legal possession of these properties. of the poor.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 37 John Inverary McPhee would have been on estimate about three years old when Sarah Murray observed this in 1799. We don’t know exactly where John Inverary McPhee I used extensively this following booklet: “Report of the was living in his infancy, but I hope he was not with his, Highland Emigration Society, from its Formation in or any other, ordinary poor family on the Inverlochy April 1852, until April 1853”, published by the Society Estate in Lochaber, about whose conditions of life Sarah in London, 1853, in preparing a talk for the Macfie Clan Murray concludes: “A person accustomed to the comforts Society of Australia at its Biennial General Meeting in and luxuries of life, cannot conceive how it is possible for Melbourne. And I consulted: “Caledonia Australis” human beings to exist, in a state so near that of the brute by Don Watson, Collins Sydney 1984 in preparing this creation.” same talk. And I referred to Ian McPhee’s book: “The McPhees of Argyle” and to Trevor Phee’s book about the I wonder whether fifty years earlier, if Bonnie Prince immigrants to Australia bearing the name Macfie, Phee, Charlie Stewart had been successful, would things have McPhee and so on. been any different for these ordinary poor families, or would these bad conditions have been prevalent on the Inverlochy Estate and elsewhere in the vanquished Highlands because Prince Charlie had failed, and after John Inverary McPhee asks Ewen MacPherson to quote September 20th, 1746? a passage from the 1799 book entitled: “The Beauties of Scotland” by Sarah Murray which I have included in the text. What I did not include was Sarah Murrray’s description of Loch Trieg where the MacDonells hid out “On the Trail of Bonnie Prince Charlie” David R after Culloden, and Loch Ericht where Prince Charles Ross, Luath Press Ltd, Edinburgh, 2000. I liked this hid himself away for ten days until his ship would be book especially for the poem by Tobias Smollett written ready to get away from Scotland. I frequently mention the immediately after Culloden which is reproduced in the River Spean in these narratives, in these days a calm, even Preface. The poem is entitled: “The Tears of Scotland”, shallow, stream. Not so for Sarah Murray who stood above with its concluding words: “Mourn, hapless Caledonia, the Spean Bridge of the time looking at the surrounding mourn Thy banished peace, thy laurels torn.” wildness, with bare craggy mountains, one above another on every side, and a dreary rough moor before her. The Spean River, she said, at times rises to an immoderate height, particularly at the melting of the snow; as it is fed, Alan MacArthur gave me a copy of: “MacArthurs of not only by five lakes, two of them tolerably large, but by the Brae Lochaber”, by the outstanding author Stuart innumerable torrents from Ben Nevis, and other far more MacDonald. Both these good men, Alan MacArthur of distant high mountains, south-east and north from the Victoria, Australia, and Stuart MacDonald of England, place where she was admiring it. are deceased now. Alan’s Requiem Mass booklet, from his funeral at the Carmelite Convent in Kew, Victoria, is Sarah Murray continues: “Some of the feeding streams framed and on display on a window ledge in the Cameron rise from the mountains farther north than Loch Spey, Chapel at the Catholic Cemetery of Cille Choirill in Brae and near it; others as far east as the ridge hanging over the Lochaber. Both authors acknowledge their indebtedness west side of Loch Ericht, near Rannoch; consequently, at to the late Ann MacDonell of “Braevig”, Spean Bridge. the breaking up of the frost, or in a season of great floods, Alan MacArthur gave me a photocopy of the Last Will and the Spean River must be filled with huge pieces of ice, Testament of Donald MacArthur of Limestone Ridge, accompanied by a weight of water sufficient to carry off Penola, in South Australia, which lists the bequests of the and devastate everything in its way, with a violence not to greater part of his Australian-made fortune to his Lochaber be imagined or understood by Lowlanders, unaccustomed relations. Alan MacArthur made this material available to to the ravages of rivers in Highland countries.” This was on Stuart MacDonald. And Stuart MacDonald’s book: “Back page 80. to Lochaber”, 1994, which I purchased at Fort William Murray would not have liked to live there herself. She in 2001, relies heavily on Ann MacDonell’s punctilious was not impressed with Highland houses: “It is curious to records, especially evident in Chapters 11 and 12 of Stuart examine the interior of an habitation called a house, in a MacDonald’s great work. cluster of houses, termed in Scotland, a town. It consists I refer McPhee readers especially to an early part of Stuart of a butt, a benn, and a byar; that is, a kitchen, and inner MacDonald’s work on the MacArthurs of Brae Lochaber. room, and a place in which to put cattle.”

38 COMING TO AUSTRALIA He tells of how the MacArthurs first came to Brae Concerning Alan MacArthur himself of Canterbury, Lochaber: “The MacArthurs first came to Lochaber in 1497, Victoria, he told me that his own relatives in Lochaber were carrying with them the corpse of Donald mac Angus, 3rd those MacArthurs from Achnacoichean (or ‘Achar Nan Chief of the Keppoch line, grandson of Alexander, Lord of Comichean’ which from my own records I suspect was a Lochaber.” As is mentioned elsewhere several times in these district between Achluachrach and Insh, a moorland region notes, the mother of this Donald mac Angus, 3rd Chief with a few shepherds’ houses). Donald MacArthur, later of Keppoch MacDonells was the daughter of McPhee of of Penola South Australia, was the son of John MacArthur Glen Spean of Lochaber. By this time 1497, the Lordship (born 1776) and Sarah MacKenzie, and Donald had one of the Isles had been terminated for four years, at the brother Alexander (born 1801) and four sisters: Catherine, command of James IV of Scotland. Ann, Christina and Mary (born in 1816). Donald, Ann, Christina and Mary came to Australia in 1838 and Alexander in 1852. Catherine remained in Scotland. And Alan MacArthur told me that the 30 year old MacArthurs in Brae Lochaber. A respected historian Charles Fraser MacIntosh in his: “History of Inverness Catherine MacArthur who is noted in 1841 as living at Killiechonate in Lochaber at the same residence as John Shire”, indicates a landed presence of MacArthurs in Brae Inverary McPhee is in fact one of his relatives and therefore Lochaber in 1728. Situated near Bruncahan near the head related to Charlotte MacArthur who became Charlotte of Glen Roy were Alexander, Donald, Charles, Alexander McPhee. It is more than a coincidence that Archibald (again) and Archibald MacArthur. We must remember that MacArthur, also living at Killiechonate in 1841 and who all the land to the North of the Spean River was MacIntosh was 35 year old Agricultural Labourer, two years later land. Charles Fraser MacIntosh also reminds us that John married Eliza McPhee of Lochy Ferry. MacArthur was tenant of Gaelmore (now Galmore) in 1797. Concerning Charlotte MacArthur: Bernie McPhee is pleased Alan MacArthur did not tell me this, but I observed some that the historian Ann MacDonell, formerly of “Braevig”, interesting things about the MacArthur family of Bunroy in Spean Bridge, corroborates the account of Charlotte Glen Roy, in Lochaber. John MacArthur lived there, and MacArthur’s parent (Charlotte is Bernie McPhee’s great he had been born about 1819. The Census of Scotland for grand-mother) being identified as Alexander MacArthur, 1851 notes that his wife Helen, born 1821, and John’s sister a tenant in 1805 of STRONABA on the Estate of the Carherine MacArthur born 1829 also lived there. Camerons of Letterfinlay.This identification of Charlotte Who else lived at Bunroy? Some McPhees lived there. MacArthur’s parent was first observed by Alan MacArthur, John and Catherine (nee McIlvaray) McPhee, and their now deceased, God rest his soul, of Mont Albert Road, son Donald McPhee, born 1821. Also, Peter Chisholm Canterbury, Australia. A separate tenant of Stronaba was lived at Bunroy. Peter, who was the miller at Bunroy, later Catherine MacArthur. One may find this record of the Brae married Emely (or Amelia) McPhee of Fort William Lochaber MacArthurs in the: “Transactions of the Gaelic and Kilmallie on 15th June 1834. I think that this Emly Society of Inverness”, Lecture 17, by Charles Fraser McPhee is the daughter of Duncan and Ann (nee McPhee) MacIntosh.” Also it is not unreasonable to conclude that McPhee, a tailor of Liandally, and that she was born on 5th those Stronaba and Brae Lochaber MacArthurs became the March 1814. Peter and Emly Chisholm had two children parents of the Ann Macarthur who became the mother of - Alexander MacIntosh Chisholm, born 1835 and Jane John Corriechoille Cameron. Chisholm, born 1836. There is no evidence that this Duncan and Ann McPhee are directly connected to Duncan and Ann (nee Cameron) McPhee the parents of John Inverary McPhee. It would be an anachronism anyway. One last connection between the MacArthur name and the McPhee name is provided in the presence of John McPhee, my grandfather, at Clianig farm. Yes the MacArthurs were there, but they were old women, and very poor, by the time grandfather was there as a boy helping them with their cows in 1851, and seemingly employed in general duties by the MacDonalds, that is by Donald and his unmarried daughter Mary and two My 1985 photo of the ruins of “Achavaddie” of Alexander MacArthur, grandchildren Janet and Angus, about grandfather’s age. in Glen Roy. Archibald MacArthur, brother of Alexander, had married Margaret MacIntosh. This was all MacIntosh land.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 39 Finally, at Achluachrach, the MacArthurs were joint I am doing. It is twenty pages long, and I think it will come tenants. Donald MacArthur was a weaver and crofter. up quite well. I will send you a copy as soon as I receive them Living on the same property was Sarah MacArthur (born from the printers. It makes fascinating reading and will 1816) and she was at the home of Donald MacKillop. certainly be the basis for a much larger work when we can Donald MacKillop’s father was Duncan MacKillop whose establish more clearly some of the MacArthur relationships.” mother was Mary MacDonald. They seemed to be all connected, these people. What we know is that Donald MacKillop was married to Ann MacDonell posted to me, in 1986, a few pointers Isabella MacArthur in 1835. Donald had a half-brother to some MacArthurs of Lochaber mentioned soon after John MacKillop whose mother was Margaret Beaton, Culloden - characters whom we would not meet elsewhere. and this John MacKillop married Helen McNab in 1811. I will indicate in Italics which are Ann’s own added John MacKillop and Helen McNab had a son called comments: Alexander MacKillop who married in Australia to Flora MacDonald, and their daughter, born in Melbourne in From Highland Reports 1747 – 1750 Published by 1842, was the saintly Mary MacKillop. These McNabs New Spalding Club. 18/7/1750 Reports from Captain were at Killiechonate at one time, says Ann MacDonell. Molesworth, Ashadron (a military Post after the ’45): My 1985 photo of the ruins of “Achavaddie” of Alexander “Loch Lochyside: The 8th, an officer was ordered with MacArthur, in Glen Roy. Archibald MacArthur, brother of a Sargeant and 8 men to lye at Nine Mile Bridge under Alexander, had married Margaret MacIntosh. This was all pretence of going to Fort William, but to march at one in MacIntosh land. the morning over to Glen Roy and to search every house on the north side, and a Sargeant from Laggan with 8 men Alan MacArthur had written to me about these matters on enter the Glen to go eastwards and search it on the South 7the April, 1987. Here are some paragraphs from his letter: side as also Glen Keppoch. “I received a letter from Ann MacDonell yesterday and she One of the thieves called Mr Carver was surprised but asked me to pass on some information to you. fled for it and notwithstanding the Party fir’d sixteen shots In the ‘Transactions of the Gaelic society of Inverness’, in a after him, he made his escape, throwing himself down lecture 17th December 1890 delivered by Charles Fraser a precipice and swimming a river.” *Mr Carver – surely MacIntosh on the Camerons of Letterfindlay he gives tenants MacArthur – plucky chap!!! What harassment of the poor in Stronaba in 1805, and among them are a Catherine Glen Roy people to appear at one in the morning!! *Nine Mile MacArthur and an Alexander MacArthur – separate tenants. Bridge – at entrance to Glen Gloy – where side road joins Ann (MacDonell) feels that they must be of your family. A82. Government efforts to stamp out horse thieving after Inverskilroy mentioned in the same lecture is between Stronaba ’45. All were at it. and Letterfindlay. 3/8/1749: “Since my last, Angus MacDonald, an This I found interesting because there were MacArthurs inhabitant of this place brought me a warrant from a at Inverskilroy in 1802 when three immigrant ships were Justice of the Peace at Inverness for apprehending of commissioned by Archibald MacMillan of Murlaggan. Archibald Bain McCartney living near Leeck Roy for Included in the passenger lists were the following – all of selling him a horse that was stolen from Ruthven in Inverskilroy: Charles McArthur, John McArthur, Sarah Baddenoch. I gave him an order to the Sargeant at Leeck McArthur, Lizzie McArthur, Donald McArthur. They Roy to assist him who brought him in prisoner this apparently went to Canada. morning to me. I have sent him to Fort Augustus in order to his being forwarded to Inverness where the Warrant This information is contained in a book: ‘The MacArthurs of directs.” (Poor devil. I doubt if he ever got back to Glen Roy!) the Braes of Lochaber’ by Stuart MacDonald, which is being *Leeck Roy – Lickroy at the head of Glen Roy. Archibald Bain published in Melbourne at the moment.I think I mentioned McCartney – surely another fair (bain) haired MacArthur. to you when we last met the Ann had put me in touch with Stuart who is a great-great-grandson of Donald MacArthur 1/9/1749 “On the 19th of last month two horses were (The Weaver) of Achluachrach, and he has written a book: stolen from this place and on the 22nd I got intelligence ‘Return to Lochaber’ which is being published in England. that they were drove over the hills towards Gorvy More (Garvamore). As I was well aquainted with these hills took Much to my surprise the manuscript of: ‘The MacArthurs 4 men with me and found the horses tied up on a very of the Braes of Lochaber’ arrived several weeks ago with high one, but could not get any intelligence who it was the suggestion that I might like to publish it in time for the that stole them. I brought the horses back, delivered them gathering at Easter. He does not want any financial return to the owners. The thieves had cut their tails of.” as long as I have the book published properly, which is what

40 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Ann MacDonell also posted to me some extracts from a It is some irony that Cameron of Locheil was a member List of Voters in Fort William District, showing probable of the Commission as though he himself had not mostly result of Poll with remarks 30th April 1835. chosen sheep in preference to people, and like the other commissioners he asked very polite questions to some A long list, showing among others: of the flagrant bullies and extortioners who were the “Alexander MacArthur, Achavattie” – with the remark: landlords, but who also treated the Crofters who were “a Catholic and tenant of MacIntosh”. “John MacDonell, surviving still with great respect. Killichonate” – with the remark: “objectionable”. A The Report shows that often these Crofters were gripping, similar list dated 1837 shows: “Alexander MacArthur” by their fingernails and their tough spirit, on to what were still in Achavaddy (spelt thus). “Capt. John MacDonell, Killichonate”. often mean and inhospitable plots of earth which, even then, they could not call their own. So when the Factor of Ann MacDonell selected from the list of MacIntosh the MacIntosh Estates is questioned by the Commissioners, Rentals the following as of interest to me: and he states that in the MacIntosh estates of Brae “Alexander MacArthur” for Bochasky Rent. 6 sheaves Lochaber, in the Parish of Kilmonivaig, in the 32.000 and 12 Pounds 9 Shillings and 8 Pence as the MacIntosh acres under his care and with the Keppoch people living Rental payable at Martinmas 1819 (Ref. G.D. 128 Box 11 therein, on the immediate North side of the River Spean, Bundle 5 1-21). “John MacArthur, Achaderry” Rental he has found none to be complaining about injustices of MacIntosh Estates 1871 Rent 30 Pounds with no lease. in relation to their leases and other arrangements about (Ref. G.D. 128 – 65 – 1). All obtainable from Register House tenure. In a departure from the usual pattern of prissy Edinburgh. detail and bickering defence, the Report on page 2983 and following raises the matter of Religion, and how those Keppoch people are Roman Catholics, always had been. Here are a few words of this exchange at the Commission Hearing: 43518. Mr Fraser-Mackintosh.—The population of The Mackintosh estate in Lochaber is abnormally large?—It is, compared with the acreage. 43549. They are nearly all old Catholics, are they not?—I think there only two Protestants upon the estate, apart from some of the officials. 43550. Is it not exceptional in the whole county that there is a company of volunteers raised and officered from one estate? —I have never heard of another case. Ronnie Campbell of Glen Roy and Michael Matthew McPhee with Achavaddie ruins in background. Sixteen years – 1985 to 2001- had 43551. And they are a fine, strong body of men?—Yes. elapsed between this photo and the previous photo of Achavaddie on page 43552. And altogether a credit to their proprietor and to the 39, and the deterioration of the old building is evident. district? —I think so. 43553. And I thiuk it may be stated of The Mackintosh and his predecessors that in that particular locality the people of the crofting class have been allowed to remain from time I found really interesting stuff about the MacIntosh immemorial upon the estate?—Certainly. Rentals in the Report of the Napier Commission. Dom J.A.Carruth OSB had given me a hard copy of this 43554. You say they pay their rents fairly well?—Yes, with “Report of the Royal Commission of Inquiry into the more than average regularity Condition of Crofters in the Highlands and Islands” Mr Frazer-MacIntosh, who became a Historian of when he was in Australia about 1980, principally so that integrity and some fame, would surely have been pleased I could read the remarks made by a certain Catherine with the state of affairs in this part of the MacIntosh McPhee of describing in piteous terms how the Estates. Another revealing and pleasant exchange in regard men folk were treated like animals, tied up and shifted to to the Inveroy Crofters is the following, in which Napier, the Americas. Carruth had written in the margin of this the Chairman of the Commission, takes up the questions: Report: “Well done, Catherine!” The Napier Commission Report is over three thousand pages long.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 41 43572. The Chairman.—You spoke of the disinclination on I retrieved the following information about Bishop the part of crofters of certain townships to take a stranger in Alexander MacDonell from sources online, including the among them?—Yes. Wikepedia source. Alexander MacDonell’s enlistment in 43573. Is that founded on a desire to consolidate or increase the army of England, even in his role as Chaplain, and their holdings, or is there any religious feeling connected with coming so soon after the Gordon Riots in England which it? I understand they are almost all Roman Catholics?—I don’t was stirred up over this very issue of Catholics in the army, think there is very much religious feeling in it. They would proved to be some compassionate amelioration of the not care about taking in a Protestant, but I don’t think the English army’s oppressions and cruelties in Ireland. Why religious feeling operates very greatly. did the English welcome Scottish men, even Catholics, into their fighting ranks? Stephen Foster, in his book: “A 43574. Are there any single Protestants here and there Private Empire”, page 28 quotes James Wolfe who had scattered among these townships?—I just kuow one Protestant fought at Falkirk against the Scottish soldiers who said: “... in Inveroy. they are hardy, intrepid, accustomed to a rough country, and 43575. What is the name of The Mackintosh estates?—They no great mischief if they fall.” Even the King and the Duke are just called The Mackintosh estates. of Cumberland agreed with this. 43576. Then you appear on behalf of the whole of them?— Yes. 43577. You say these estates are in the hands, in a great measure, of the crofting class, and generally in the hands of small farmers?—That is so. 43578. How many tenants are there on the estates below the £30 line? —Seventy or eighty, I think. 43579. What is the total number on the estate?—One hundred and seventy. 43580. Of which seventy or eighty are below £30?—I am wrong. There are about eighty in Lochaber, and probably ten more altogether. There are fully ninety under £30. 43581. So rather more than half the tenants are what we call The Gordon Riots, 1798 Soldiers have to put down with force rioters who object to Roman Catholics being enlisted in the British Army. crofters? —Yes “Remember the MacDonells of Keppoch”. Bishop Alexander Macdonell, known as the “Big Bishop,” was the first Roman Catholic prelate of Upper Canada. Also known as the “Warrior,” he helped raise the Glengarry Light Fencibles, the predecessors of the SD & G Highlanders, and according to tradition, he urged on Canadian forces in the attack on Ogdensburg in 1813. Born as Alexander Mcdonell, he would also be known as Alexander Macdonell. His early education was at Bourblach, . He attended the Scots Colleges at Paris and Valladolid. He was ordained a priest on 16 February 1787 at Valladolid. After that his life was spent in Lochaber and Canada. After the eviction of his kinsmen, Father Macdonell led them to Glasgow and later formed them into the The Glengarry Fencibles regiment, of which he served as chaplain, the first Catholic chaplain in the British Army Bishop Alexander MacDonell of Lochaber and Canada since the Reformation.

42 COMING TO AUSTRALIA When the regiment was disbanded, Rev. Macdonell Let me quote a few words from this wonderfully evocative appealed to the government to grant its members a tract episode: of land in Canada, and, in 1804, 160,000 acres (650 km²) “.....it became plain she was a ship of merchandise; and what were provided in what is now Glengarry County, Canada. more puzzled me, not only her decks, but the sea beach also, In 1812 he raised another regiment, the Glengarry were quite black with people, and skiffs were continually Light Infantry Fencibles which came to the defence of plying to and fro between them. Yet nearer, and there began Upper Canada in the War of 1812. In 1815, he began his to come to our ears a great sound of mourning, the people on service as the first Roman Catholic Bishop at St. Raphael’s board and those on the shore crying and lamenting one to Church. Located in the Highlands of Ontario, the Parish another so as to pierce the heart.” established the foothold of Catholicism in the region. In “ ...... the chief singer in our boat struck into a melancholy air, 1819 he was appointed Vicar Apostolic of Upper Canada, which was presently taken up both by the emigrants and their which in 1826 was erected into a bishopric. In 1826, he friends upon the beach, so that it sounded from all sides like was appointed to the legislative council. a lament for the dying. I saw the tears run down the cheeks of He founded churches and schools and organised the the men and the women in the boat, even as they bent to the settlement. In 1846 he established Regiopolis College, oars; and the circumstances and the music of the song (which which offered academic and theological training to Roman is one called “Lochaber No More”) were highly affecting even Catholic youth. The original building has been part of the to myself.” Hotel Dieu Hospital (Kingston, Ontario) on Sydenham Street, Kingston, Ontario since 1892.

Loch Linnhe at Corpach as one looks across the Loch to Ben Nevis, 2001. This is the terminus of the Caledonian Canal Heron near the Bridge of Orchy

People interested in the Highland Clearances and the plight of Highlanders after the Battle of Culloden might well read again Robert Louis Stevenson’s 1887 book: “”. I know that reading Chapter Sixteen touched me - the author has the hero caught up briefly with exiles to the American Colonies and he gives a beautiful account of the piteous farewell to the ships taking these unwilling deportees.

General Wade’s Bridge of Orchy

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 43 A blessing poem. The Inverlochy Estate and the Lord Abinger. Lord Many songs and poems recall the departure of Highlanders Abinger, whose family name was Scarlett, in 1836 bought to the New World, on that journey from which almost the Inverlochy Estate from the Earl of Aboyne who had none would return. It was their great pilgrimage. With previously acquired this land from his cousin’s estate upon their simple and deep and evangelical faith they went the death of his cousin the Marquis of Huntly, the last of with God. “The Pilgrims’ Aiding” is one such poem of the Gordons at Inverlochy Estate. Scarlett was an English blessing for this great journey of life. Originally from the judge, a gifted jurist, and a significant Campbell. The Carmina Gadelica III, 195 collection, and taken from Barony was created in 1835. James Scarlett died in 1844 Esther de Waal, editor, The Celtic Vision (Liguori, MO: and his son Robert Campbell Scarlett took over the title Liguori/Triumph, 1988, 2001), p. 88, the poem reads: as 2nd Lord Abinger whose wife was Louise Henrietta Campbell. Robert had been born in 1794; had studied for “God be with thee in every pass, his BA at Trinity College in Cambridge; had been admitted Jesus be with thee on every hill, to Inner Temple in 1818; had returned to Cambridge Trinity College to complete his MA; had been elected Spirit be with thee on every stream, as MP for Norwich in 1835 and again in 1838. Robert Headland and ridge and lawn; Campbell Scarlett McPhee who was named after him Each sea and land, each moor and meadow, was born in 1840. Robert Campbell Scarlett died in 1861 eight years after the McPhee family of John Inverary had Each lying down, each rising up, departed for Australia. I notice that Robert C Scarlett In the trough of the waves, on the crest of the billows, would have been at Trinity College in Cambridge at the time when John Henry Newman was there, with his Each step of the journey thou goest.” Oxford Movement wherein English Anglicanism leans towards Rome in theology and beliefs. Queen Victoria stayed with the subsequent Abingers at the Inverlochy Estate for several days during her visit to this part of the There is an excellent article in the Online edition of the Highlands in 1873. On this visit too, the great Queen Magazine entitled: “The MacDonells Victoria spent time with Mr and Mrs Ellice, the same of Aberarder”, by Robert MacFarlane. I wish that I Mr Ellice family, vast landowners of the North, who had had come across this article earlier in my life. Readers befriended Mr Ewen McPhee the supposed outlaw, and may find the full text of the article in: “Clan Donald alleged stealer of Mr John Corriechoille Cameron’s sheep. Magazine No 12 (1991) Online.” Of principal interest is Some pertinent McPhee rentals on the Inverlochy Estate. the information MacFarlane presents about Captain John We find several times the name of McPhee mentioned MacDonell Aberarder of Killiechonate. Among his sources among those who paid rental to Lord Abinger’s for this article Robert MacFarlane mentions the booklet he Inverlochy Estate. In 1848 for instance there is John himself authored together with Ann MacDonell of Spean McPhee a carter of Black Parks whose rental was 2 Bridge entitled: “Cille Choirill”. He also lists the following Shillings and 6 Pence, apparently Number 12. And for sources: The Clan Donald - Rev. A. & A. MacDonald. 1848, the widow of Duncan McPhee had rental of 4 Sliochd An Tighe - Father Andrew MacDonell. O.S.B. Pounds and 12 Shillings. For 1841 John McPhee paid Scottish Record Office - Gordon & Richmond Collection. rent of 3 Shillings and 9 Pence for Numbers 18 and 19, Forfeited Estate Papers. An Old Highland Parish Register and in 1841 again, Duncan McPhee’s heirs paid rental of - Alan G. Macpherson. The Celtic Magazine - The 10 Shillings for Number 24 (or 25). At Dalnadrochit – Depopulation of Aberarder in Badenoch by Charles Fraser- “The Field of the Bridge”, we find John McPhee a carter MacKintosh. Inverness Journal & Courier - Extracts from whose rent was 5 Shillings and 3 Pence – this was for Courier office. Inverness: New Register House - Old Parish Number 8. And Alex McPhee in Low Street, Number 9, Registers & Census records. Hodson Index - National paid 5 Shillings and 6 Pence rental. Alexander McPhee Army Museum - card index of officers who served in the of Corpach paid rent of 5 Shillings and 6 Pence for rental Indian Army. of Number 11. (Alexander McPhee and family migrated to Australia in 1854. In Australia a daughter Christina was born. Christina later married Frederick Campbell who owned the land on which Canberra, the Australian National Capital was built in 1913.) Finally Duncan McPhee (whose wife I understand was Ann McPhee) of Kilmonivaig was paying rental of 2 Pounds 15 Shillings and 5 Pence.

44 COMING TO AUSTRALIA This photo taken in Glen Roy, looking towards Ben Nevis.

This photo taken in Glen Dessary, looking further West from the Westerly end of Loch Arkaig.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 45 Natimuk Victoria, unloading wheat 1890’s. John McPhee (1833-1902) finds a different world in the dry farming of the Victorian Wimmera.

Wilson’s “Vectis” homestead. Demolished 1935. Three McPhee brothers, John Archibald and Alexander, in 1873 took up adjacent farm blocks on land which was formerly part of Wilson’s Vectis Station.

Nurrabiel Creek of John McPhee 1862 to 1873.

Natimuk Victoria, the West side of main street, 1890’s Natimuk Victoria. Mr Haustorfer taking off the wheat crop about 1945

46 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Settling into Australian farm life; Archibald McPhee Where was John McPhee’s land in Horsham? Remember dies. A statement by John McPhee of Vectis, farmer, for it was half shared with Archibald McPhee. This is how Probate Jurisdiction in the Estate of his brother Archibald Archibald’s widow Agnes Elizabeth McPhee described her McPhee, late of Vectis, farmer. John McPhee made this asset: affidavit at Horsham in September 1876, about three years “My Real Estate includes undivided moiety of South half of after his move to Vectis from Nurrabial Creek, and soon Crown Allot 3 Sec 2 Township of Horsham County of Borung after the death of his brother and neighbouring farmer. Colony of Victoria and cottage erected thereon which piece “My property consists of freehold land in the township of of land was purchased and the cottage thereon erected by Horsham in the said Colony of Victoria of the value of one the above mentioned deceased (Archibald McPhee) and his hundred and fifty pounds sterling, and of freehold land in the brother John McPhee jointly, and which said piece of land city of Geelong in the said Colony of the value of two hundred together with the Cottage thereon erected and valued at 334 pounds sterling and of three hundred and three acres of land Pounds.” in the parish of Vectis aforesaid held under lease from the So, the half share of the Horsham property for deceased Crown which together with the improvements thereon are brother Archibald’s widow ‘Agnes Elizabeth McPhee’ was of the value of nine hundred pounds sterling and of personal 167 Pounds and other half share for ‘John McPhee’ his property consisting of sheep, cattle, farming implements of the brother, was 167 Pounds. value of Three hundred pounds sterling.” Signed: John McPhee - Before R Palmer a Commissioner of the Supreme Court of the Colony of Victoria for taking affidavits.

Border Leicester Cross sheep, the choice of breed for the Victorian Mallee McPhees

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 47 Glen Spean, and McPhee Places of Interest

1 13 3 2 4

5

6

10

7

11 8 18 9 15 12

16

17 14

48 COMING TO AUSTRALIA AREA OF INTEREST

27

26

25

1. Achnaseul 24 2. St Columba’s Isle on Loch Arkaig 3. The Dark Mile 4. Clunes 5. Loch Lochy 6. Achnacarry of the Camerons 7. Kilmonivaig 8. Brackletter 9. High Bridge

23 10. Stronaba of the MacArthurs 11. 12. Spean River 13. Road to Fort Augustus 30 km 14. Road to Fort William 10 km 22 15. Spean Bridge 16. Killiechonate 17. Corriechoille 18. Tirnadris 19. Keppoch 20. Insh 21. Roy Bridge 22. Bohuntin 21 23. Cranachan 24. Achavaddie of MacArthur 19 25. Parallel Roads View 20 26. O’Brien’s Cottage ruins 27. To Corrieyairak Pass

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 49 CHAPTER FOUR John McPhee - Inverary to Little River BERNIE MCPHEE

50 COMING TO AUSTRALIA John McPhee, born Inverary. At first lived at Corriechoille, then Killiechonate. John McPhee died at Little River, Victoria, Australia, in 1867.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 51 52 COMING TO AUSTRALIA This photo taken at the Catholic Cemetery of Cille Choirill shows on left the restored Chapel of the Captain of Clan Cameron

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 53 54 COMING TO AUSTRALIA KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 55 56 COMING TO AUSTRALIA KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 57 58 COMING TO AUSTRALIA KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 59 60 COMING TO AUSTRALIA KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 61 Glenfinnan 1985

62 COMING TO AUSTRALIA CHAPTER FIVE PART I McPhee in Lochaber: 14th and 15th Century Lochaber McPhees

I have long been interested in the McPhees of Lochaber. ii.) Keppoch MacDonells of Lochaber, an offshoot of the Before 1622, the part of Scotland known as Lochaber in MacDonalds. the Western Highlands of Scotland was an area which iii.) Camerons, in the 15th Century still reaching towards encompassed those districts or parishes which are todayknown their greatness. as “Kilmonivaig” and “Kilmallie”. After 1622 Lochaber was coextensive with “Kilmonivaig” alone. We sometimes hear We can say with certainty that the McPhee people in the 15th people say that McPhee people wentto Lochaber after 1623, Century had aristocratic leaders and were long established in because that’s when Malcolm the Chief of McPhee was Lochaber. killed on Colonsay Island. The Clan was After 1500 AD, the McPhee people “broken”, they say. Well, that probably who stayed in Lochaber were reliant on happened,but in fact the McPhees were the good will of Cameron, Keppoch, well established in Lochaber as least two MacDonald, and the newly arrived and hundred years before that date of 1623. highly influential Gordon of Huntly. To The refugees from Colonsay don’t seem the first three of these the McPhees were to have added to McPhee numbers in related. Once they had even been noted Lochaber. I suppose that these Colonsay for a while as being in ‘sword service’ to refugees would not have been called the MacIntosh, on the North side of the “McPhee”. Spean. Probably they were related to them, Earl Douglas MacPhee (In his book: “The here and there, over the years. Mythology, Traditions and History of So then, after 1500, some McPhee or MacDubhsith – MacDuffie Clan Vol VI other, or his descendant, was partner in the The Lands of Our Fathers) noticed that vicissitudes, politics, religion and traumas Neil, the 13th Chief of McPhee (1420 of Lochaber and Scottish Clan history. to 1450), was a Lochaber man, and that Yes, a McPhee presence was there, and it McPhee fought at Inverlochy in 1431. was too involved and too connected with These two McPhees, Neil of Glen Spean the dominant Clans to be swallowed up and Angus of Glenpean, are a key to the by them. Anyway, it looks as though their schema which I have prepared. It was Lochaber McPhee DNA has come down first published in “The Downunder”, the to us. This is a wonderful thing, and how Magazine of the Macfie Clan Society in grateful we all are to Mr Roderick MacDuff Australia in April, 2009: Editor Mr Ian for his expertise and his energy and his McPhee. So, the following chart identifies generosity in conducting the Macfie DNA four significant 15th Century Lochaber study, and how proud are the Lochaber McPhees. McPhees to be a found part of it. The following chart attempts to explore McPhee, standing beside the Duke of , the McPhee relationship with the great holds aloft the Prince’s Standard at Glenfinnan. families of: This is a detail from a painting by W. S. Cumming, taken from the booklet: “Scotland the Brave”, i.) MacDonalds Lords of the Isles, who in page 17, with the text prepared by Rev. J.A. this 15th Century were beginning their Carruth, MA, OSB, published by Jarrold Colour decline. Publications, Norwich, 1973.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 63 McPHEE OF LOCHABER, SCOTLAND: DOWN TO TODAY BY DNA.

The McPhees have lived in Lochaber for centuries. Now that the DNA study for the Macfie Clan Society is progressing we can pull together a few threads from earlier times. This chart below is my suggested genealogy for Lochaber McPhees; for Glen Spean, Glen Pean, Glen Urquhart, Glendessary – where ever they lived. ‑ Bernie McPhee

McPhee of Glen Spean was the John of Islay, MacDonald, leader of a powerful Lochaber First Lord of the Isles1329-1380. Sept. He married a daughter of Appointed McPhee as hereditary Nicholas Obeleon, of the Ross and Keeper of the Records of Lordship McKenzie families. of Isles.

McPhee of Glen Spean in Lochaber who was Neil, 13th Chief of McPhee c.1420 – 1450. No evidence that McPhee came from anywhere else. McPhee’s daughter married into Keppoch. FROM SECOND From SECOND MARRIAGE MARRIAGE – to – to Margaret Stewart- a first Margaret Stewart- a son: Donald Dunnyveg of Islay third son: Alexander Became 2nd Lord of the Isles. Carrach 1st Keppoch He was Grandson of the King of 1380-1443, and first Scotland. Lord of Lochaber. He had m. Mary, dtr of Earl of Lennox. He was grandson of the King of Scotland.

Angus McPhee of Donald Margaret McPhee 2nd Keppoch Angus of Glenpean Daughter of Neil Fersit From 1443-78 14th Chief of McPhee. McPhee married into Earl Douglas MacPhee Married to Margaret, (Burke’s Peerage, Vol. 1, Keppoch MacDonell of p.450, p.655) Neil McPhee’s daughter. says he was Chief when Lochaber. Margaret is the mother Angus named in battle MSS was written, of all the MacDonells of of Inverlochy in 1431. 1450AD. Witness to Keppoch. several Charters.

3rd Keppoch Donald Daughter Mariott MacAngus 1478-97. He MacDonell married married the daughter of Allan Cameron of Alexander, Third Lord of Cameron of Lochiel. Lochiel. Their son was the Isles.10th Earl of Ross. famous Captain of Clan MacDonalds of Sleat. Chief of Cameron, 1493. By this Uist and . Founder of time, McPhees were also the House of Lochalsh. (d.1449) well entrenched among Keppoch line continues Married to Miss McPhee. Their Camerons, within in Lochaber down to and son was Celestine of Lochalsh, Cameron lands. after Battle of Colloden (Burke’s Peerage Vol 1 p.450) 1746. whose brother Hugh of Sleat would be Lord of the Isles. Celestine died in 1473. Celestine’s son Alexander was killed in 1497 Male descendants on Oronsay Island by MacIain of McPhee of Glen of Ardnamurchan. (MacIain’s Spean and McPhee sister was married to a Malcolm of Glenpean can be Daughter of McPhee McPhee of Colonsay.) Celestine’s identified by their of Glenpean. She daughter married Ewen Cameron, almost identical DNA, became one of the four 13th Cameron Chief and a indicating their having wives of Alexander , son of Mariott,of the Keppoch a common ancestor 3rd Lord of the Isles. MacDonells, whose mother was back to these McPhees (Burke’s Peerage Vol. 1 Margaret McPhee (see box above). of the 15th Century. p. 655)

64 COMING TO AUSTRALIA 1 2

3 4 5 6

7 8 9

1. Cousins Bob McPhee and Jack McPhee. Second World 3. Jack McPhee volunteer, first day in the army, 1939. War. 4.-5. Brothers John Hassall and Rowley Hassall. First 2. Bernard McPhee and Robert McPhee of Melbourne, World War. Australia. National Service. 1950’s. The great 6. Rowley McPhee 1942, RAAF. grandfather of Bernard and Robert was born in 1796, 10 and this is nearly half way back to the known Lochaber 7. Cousin. Bill Brasier Soldier Great War. McPhees. So this picture of Bernard and Robert McPhee 8. Jack and Rowley McPhee in PNG towards the end of might well be a picture of McPhee of Glen Spean and the war. McPhee of Glen Pean in ancient Lochaber, Scotland, because it appears that the DNA of all four people would 9. Cousin Harry Sisson, Bofu Japan 1946 be identical, that is in relation to the Male Haplotype with forty three characteristics that were evaluated in the 10. Cousin, Wally O’Dea RAAF. Died over Germany. Macfie Clan Society study and which have been taken into account.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 65 CHAPTER FIVE PART II Importance of McPhee of Glen Spean to the Keppoch Family Tree

The acknowledged family name appears to have varied between ((1)) Macdonald, 15th of Keppoch (b c1670, d c1723) Macdonell and Macdonald over the centuries before settling as m. Barbara Macdonald (dau of Sir Donald Macdonald, 3rd Bart of Sleat) Macdonald (or MacDonald). ((A))Alastair Macdonald (Macdonell), 16th of Keppoch (d Culloden Somewhat arbitrarily, we settle on Macdonald from the 17th century. 16.04.1746) Alexander (‘Alastair Carrach’) MacDonald, 1st of Keppoch (a 1431) Alastair was succeeded as head of his clan by his illegitimate son Angus 1. Angus Macdonald or Macdonell, 2nd of Keppoch and of Ferset (a until his legitimate son Ranald came of age. 1452) m. Jessie Stewart (dau of Robert Stewart, 8th of Appin) m. _ Macphee (dau of _ Macphee of Glen Spean) ((i))Ranald Macdonald, 18th of Keppoch (d 1795-8, Colonel) A.Donald Macdonald or Macdonell, 3rd of Keppoch (d 1496) m. Sarah Cargill (dau of Thomas Cargill of Jamaica) m. ?? Cameron (dau of Donald Dhu Cameron, 11th Chief of Clan ((a))Richard Macdonald, 19th of Keppoch (d unm 1817) Cameron) ((b))Alexander Macdonald (d unm) 4th of Keppoch i.John Macdonald, ((ii))Alastair Macdonald (d before 1815, Major) B.Alastair Macdonald or Macdonell, 5th of Keppoch (d c1498-9) m. Sarah Macdonald (dau of Donald Macdonald of Tirnadris) @1@ m. ?? MacDonald (dau of Donald Galloch Macdonald, 3rd of Sleat) below i.Donald Glas Macdonald or Macdonell, 6th of Keppoch (d c1517) ((a))Chichester Macdonald m. _ Cameron (dau of _ Cameron of Lochiel) (((1)))+2 sons (d unm) a.Ranald Macdonald or Macdonell, 7th of Keppoch (d 1547) ((b))+other issue (d unm) - John, daughter (nun), daughter m. _ Mackintosh (dau of _ Mackintosh of Mackintosh) ((iii))Anne Macdonald Alexander Buloyne Macdonald or Macdonell, 8th of Keppoch (d 1549) m. _ Gordon of Stirling (doctor) -2Ranald Og Macdonald or Macdonell, 9th of Keppoch (a 1577) ((iv))Clementine Macdonald (dsp) m. ?? Stewart (dau of Duncan Stewart, son of Alan, 3rd of Appin) m1. _ Buchanan (A)Alastair ‘Nan Cleas’ Macdonald, 10th of Keppoch (d c1640) m2. _ Macdonald of Dolness m. Janet Macdougall (dau of _ Macdougall of Lorn) ((v))Barbara Macdonald (i)Ranald Og Macdonaldl (dsp 1643) m. (28.12.1757) Patrick Macdonald (d 13.06.1844, minister of Kilmore BLG1952 reports that Ranald was father of Angus Og & Kilbride, “Father of the Church of Scotland”) (d 1640) who may have been father of Angus of ((a))Anne Macdonald (b 20.03.1764) Achnancoichean, father of Seaun Angus of Kenknock, a descendant of m. Donald Macdonald @2@ below whom claimed to be Chief of Keppoch Their elder son became the 20th of Keppoch. with that claim still being investigated in 1952. As BP1999 ((vi))Katherine Macdonald shows Ranald to have dsp, we presume that the claim m. Ian Dubh Macdonald of Aberarder and Killiechonate was rejected. See ## below. ((vii))Jessie Macdonald m. _ Maclean of Douart m. Alastair Macdonald of Tullochcrom (ii)Donald Glas Macdonald, 11th of Keppoch (d c1656-7) ((viii))Charlotte Macdonald m. _ Forrester (dau of _ Forrester of Kilbeggie) m. (c1775) Alastair Macdonald of Garvabeg (son of Patrick Macdonald (d 13.06.1844, minister of Kilmore & Kilbride, by his 1st wife, _ (a)Alastair Macdonald, 12th of Keppoch Mackintosh) (b)+other issue (d unm) - Ranald (d 09.1663), daughter partner unknown (iii)Alastair Buidhe Macdonald, 13th of Keppoch (d before 1665) ((iii))Angus Macdonell or Macdonald of Insch, 17th of Keppoch (d m1. _ Macdonald (dau of Angus Mor Macdonald of Bohuntin) after 1819) (a)Archibald Macdonald, 14th of Keppoch (d c1688, 2nd son) m. Christina Macdonell or Macdonald (dau of Angus Macdonell or m. Mary MacMartin (dau of _ MacMartin of Letterfinlay) Macdonald of Achnancoichean) @3@ below

66 COMING TO AUSTRALIA ((a))Archibald Macdonald (Lt. Colonel, 2nd son) (a 1714) m. _ McLauchlan in Kilichoan ((A))Angus Macdonald, 3rd of Achnancoichean (((1)))Alastair Macdonald had issue (2 daus) ((i))Christina Macdonald m. Mary Stewart (dau of Duncan Stewart, 9th of Achnacone) m. Angus Macdonell or Macdonald of Insch, 17th of Keppoch (d after (((2)))Angus Macdonald had issue 1819) m. Mary MacDonnell (dau of _ MacDonnell of Morar) @3@ above (((3)))Ewin Macdonald had issue ((2))Seaun Angus Macdonald of Kenknock (d c1700) m. Anne Hill ((A))Angus Og Macdonald of Kenknock then ((b))Donald Macdonald Garth m. Anne McDonald (b 20.03.1764, dau of Rev. P. McDonald by Barbara Macdonald) @2@ above m. ?? (possibly dau of Alexander Robertson, minister of Fortingall) (((1)))Angus Macdonald, 20th of Keppoch (b 1800-1, d 28.02.1855) ((i))John Macdonald of Garth (b c1745, had issue d c1790) m. (17.08.1835) Christina MacNab (b 1815-6, d 30.01.1906, dau of m1. Magdalene Small (dau of Capt. John MacNab of Shenaghairt, Cantyre, etc.) James Small and Catherine Wilson) (((2)))Ranald Macdonald (d unm) (((3)))Barbara Macdonald ((a))Angus Macdonald of Garth m. _ McDonald in Sherramore (dsp 15836) ((c))+other issue (d unm) - Alastair (d young), Ranald, John, Coll ((b))John Macdonald of Garth ((B))Margaret Macdonald (b 1773, d c1866) had issue m. _ Cameron of Erracht m. Amelia Macgillis (dau of ((C))+other issue - Donald (d Culloden 16.04.1746), Archibald Duncan Macgillis and Maria ((2))Ranald Mor Macdonald of Tirnadris Kuhn of Williamstown, Ontario) ((A))Donald Macdonald of Tirnadris (d 1746) ((c))Magdalene Macdonald m(2). _ Macdonald (dau of _ Macdonald of Killiechonate) m. Hon. William MacGillivay ((i))Sarah Macdonald m2. _ Buchanan m. Alastair Macdonald (Major) @1@ above ((d))Helen Macdonald ((3))Cecilia or Julia Macdonald (gaelic poetess) m. Alexander Gordon of Camdoll m. Sir Archibald Campbell ((4))Catherine Macdonald of Ava (cousin) m. _ Macpherson of Strathmassie m3. ?? ((5))+other issue - Alastair Odhar (dsp), Angus (d unm) ((e))Archibald Macdonald had (b)+other issue (dsp) - Allan (dvp 1660), Alastair issue in Ontario m2. _ Macdonnell (dau of Ian Macdonnell of Glengarry) m. _ Boswell (dau of Hon. Capt. _ Boswell, RN) (d)Donald Gorm Macdonald ancestor of the family of Clianaig ((3))+other issue - Archibald, daughter (authoress) (e)Ranald na Dalach Macdonald (dsp) (vii)Agnes Macdonald (f)daughter m. Robert Robertson, 14th of Struan m. _ Macdonald of Fersit (viii)Mary Macdonald (g)daughter m. John Stewart, 1st of Ardsheal m. _ Macdonald of Glencoe (h)daughter (ix)Margaret Macdonald m. _ Macdonald of Ardnabi m. Donald Macdonell, 8th of Glengarry (i)daughter MacDonald03 shows Donald’s 1st wife as Margaret, dau of Allan m. _ Kennedy of Linachan Mor Macdonald, 9th of Clanranald. (iv)Donald Gorm Macdonald of Inverary progenitor of Tigh Mhurlagain (B)+other issue including Ranald of Insch (v)son (d 1593) partner unknown (vi)Seaun Angus Macdonald (d 1640) b.Ian Dubh Macdonell ancestor of families of Bohuntin, Tulloch, m. _ Macdonald (dau of Sir James Macdonald of Islay) Galovie, Aberarder, Dalchoisnie and Cranachan BLG1952 reports that this may have been the Seaun Angus who was ii.Ranald Og Macdonell ancestor of the line of Achnancoichean. Noting that an alternative shown C. Mariot Macdonald or Macdonell above (see ## above) appears to have been discounted, we presume that this Seaun was father of ... m. Allan Macildny Cameron, 12th Chief of Clan Cameron (a)Angus Macdonald, 1st of Achnancoichean (a 1660) 2 daughter apparently of this generation ((1))Alexander Macdonald, 2nd of Achnancoichean m. Angus Du Mackay of (d 1433)

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 67 CHAPTER FIVE PART III McPhee of Lochaber and the Lords of the Isles

The Clan Shields of MacPhee and Keppoch according to MacIan’s “The Clans of the Scottish Highlands”

A number of historians give the impression that people was a solemn ceremony of anointing of a new Lord of the called McPhee appeared in Lochaber Scotland only after Isles, in front of the anointing Bishop of Argyll and seven 1623, when they were running away from the troubles in priests, and in front of all the heads of tribes, and in front Colonsay. This is far from the full story. of the vassals and main chiefs of MacDonald, McPhee, in his special role as the Keeper of the Records, and acting as Not only were there people called McPhee in Lochaber ORATOR, would read out the catalogue of the New Lord’s for hundreds of years before this date of 1623, but they ancestors. were of the contemporary society’s highest rank who twice married into the family of the Lords of the Isles, and who McPhee as ORATOR and as Keeper of the Records would once took their McPhee blood by marriage (of a McPhee be a witness to the sword of his father being placed in hand grandchild) into the earliest Locheil Cameron family, that of the newly anointed Lord, and a witness to the new Lord family which was just taking its formative and Lordly shape of the Isles swearing to continue his vassals in possession in the middle of the 15th Century. And by the way, the of their lands and to do exact justice to all his subjects. name was always spelt ‘McPhee’. ( told us all about this about 1700). McPhee’s was a prestigious and significant role. So, relying upon, and starting from, the work of the late Josephine MacDonell of Spean Bridge Lochaber who was It might seem at first glance that there is a long space writing in 1931, I have prepared a simplified MacDonald of years between the early leaders. This might not be genealogy, showing how McPhees are intimately involved so unusual and could be put into perspective when we with those same MacDonalds, and with the Camerons too. contemplate the fact that the Scottish born grandfather Starting with Somerled of the author of this article was born 178 years ago, i.e. in 1833. I am writing this in September, 2011. Somerled 1140 - Reginald 1211 - Donald 1289 John Lord of the Isles 1329 – 1380 Angus Mor Died 1334. This Angus Mor was the first John had two marriages: First Marriage was to his first MacDonald, says Rev Archibald MacDonald. Angus Og cousin Annie MacRuarie. Annie was the daughter of 1329 Received the Lordship of Lochaber after the Battle Roderick, and was the heiress to his extensive lands. John of Bannockburn 1314, as well as the lands of Morvern and and Annie had two children. They inherited back the lands Ardnamurchan, previously owned by the MacDougalls which their mother had brought to the wedding with John: who had sided with Comyn against the King. It was the son Ranald (Reginald) was to become the ancestor of always a danger in those days of picking the wrong side to Clan Ranald and Glengarry. I don’t know what Godfrey win. It is understood that McPhee sent from Islay at this got out of the deal. But the family of the second marriage time to hold safe the Lochaber lands for MacDonald. took precedence in regard to the other vast inheritances John Lord of the Isles. 1329 – 1380 Main seat of and titles of the great John Lord of the Isles. Second MacDonald Rule was Islay. Marriage was to Princess Margaret Stewart, daughter of John of the Isles appointed McPhee as hereditary Keeper of King Robert II of Scotland. the Records to the Lord of the Isles. Therefore when there

68 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Second Marriage of John MacDonald to Margaret Stewart

DONALD IAIN MOR OF ISLAY ALISDAIR CARRAGH

2nd Lord of the Isles, Died 1424 Iain became the Lord of the Glens 1380 – 1443 and Earl of Antrim in Ireland on his Lordship of Lochaber bestowed on From whom comes the Sleat Family 10th Earl marriage to the Irish heiress Margery Carragh by his father the 1st Lord of of Ross who married Lady Margaret Lesley, Bissett. the Isles. Countess of Ross whose son was ALEXANDER MACDONALD, 3rd Lord of the Isles, One of Large Irish properties were transferred Alisdair Carragh married Mary, whose marriages was to the daughter of McPHEE to John, Lord of the Isles, his father. daughter of the Earl of Lennox. of LOCHABER (Glen Pean) Perhaps this was cause of the first Alisdair, 1st Chief of Keppoch. And they were the parents of Celestine of Lochalsh emigration of McPhee - MacHaffie - But, in 1443 the Braes of Lochaber who never quite became the Lord of the Isles, MacDuffie to Ireland, in the party of were forfeited to MacIntosh by the 3rd but he and his mother both rate a mention on an the Earl of Antrim. Lord of the Isles. monument.

Marriage of Alisdair Carragh (1st Keppoch Chief) to Mary Lennox

one son ANGUS OF FERSIT (2nd Keppoch Chief)

Marriage of Angus of Fersit to daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean

first son second son first daughter DONALD MacANGUS ALEXANDER OF THE GLENS MARIOT MacDONELL (3rd Keppoch Chief) (5th Keppoch Chief) Third child of Keppoch and 1484 -1496 First child of Keppoch 1497 -1500 Second child of Keppoch and daughter of McPhee of Glen and daughter of McPhee of Glen daughter of McPhee of Glen Spean. Spean. Spean. Alexander married the daughter of Donald Mariot, sister of the 3rd and Donald married the daughter of Gallach of Sleat, whose mother was a 5th Keppoch Chiefs, married Cameron of Locheil. MacDonell of Antrim. in 1493 to Ailean nan Creach (Allan of the Forays) or, Allan Donald made peace with King James She brought Irish Clans to Lochaber. Cameron of Locheil. IV. Alexander’s son was DONALD GLAS (6th Keppoch Chief) The son of Mariot and Alan was Killed fighting against Dugald 1499 – 1513 to become the famous Alan, Stewart, Chief of Stewarts in Appin. Captain of Clan Cameron, Donald Glas married a daughter of Donald’s son was Iain Aluinn (4th one of whose seven chapels of Cameron of Locheil. Keppoch Chief) But he ruled for propitiation can be seen today only one year. MacIntosh invaded Lochaber. restored and defiant at the Cemetery of Cille Choirill in Deposed for acknowledging King James IV sent Alexander Gordon, 3rd Lochaber. MacIntosh Lordship over Lochaber. Earl of Huntly to quell Lochaber. His uncle took over as Keppoch Commission of fire and sword against Chief. Keppoch. Donald Glas submitted to Huntly, and was granted some lease of Lochaber lands. But Mamore granted to Stewarts of Appin. And lands to north of Spean River granted to MacIntosh. This last grant of land kept alive the 250 years of unresolved tensions and hostilities between Keppoch and MacIntosh.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 69 CHAPTER SIX PART I The McPhees Emigrating

People called McPhee in the Census of 1841 Lochaber: Kilmallie, Kilmonivaig

1. 2. 3. MALL LOCHYSIDE 21 MARY MACPHEE F W 80 Y 1761 4. MALL LOCHYSIDE 23 ISABELLA MACPHEE F W 37 Y 1804 5. MALL LOCHYSIDE 23 ALEX MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 6. MALL LOCHYSIDE 23 EWAN MACPHEE M 6 Y 1835 7. MALL LOCHYSIDE 23 DONALD MACPHEE M 2 Y 1839 8. MALL LOCHYSIDE 23 MARY MACPHEE F 24 Y 1817 9. 10. MALL 6 JOHN MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 11. MALL CAOL 6 ANN MACPHEE F 20 N 1821 12. MALL CAOL 6 ISABELLA MACPHEE 13. MALL CAOL 6 MALCOLM MACPHEE 14. MALL CAOL 6 JANET MACPHEE F 0 Y 1841 15. MALL CAOL 7 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 87 Y 1754 16. MALL CAOL 7 MARGARET MACPHEE F 4 0 Y 1801 17. MALL CAOL 7 FLORA MACPHEE F 84 Y 1757 18. MALL CAOL 9 ALEX MACPHEE M 75 AG.LAB. Y 1766 19. MALL CAOL 9 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 65 N 1776 20. MALL CAOL 9 MARY MACPHEE F 26 Y 1815 21. MALL CAOL 9 DONALD MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 22. MALL CAOL 10 JOHN MACPHEE M 30 ER(WOOL-HAND) Y 1811 23. MALL CAOL 10 MARY MACPHEE F 29 Y 1812 24. MALL CAOL 10 MARY MACPHEE F 7 Y 1834 25. MALL CAOL 10 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 26. MALL CAOL 10 ALEX MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 27. MALL CAOL 10 JOHN MACPHEE M 1 Y 1840 28. 29. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 ELIZA MACPHEE F 30 INDEPENDENT N 1811 30. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 5 N 1836 31. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 EDWARD MACPHEE M 4 N 1837 32. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 LYDIA MACPHEE F 2 N 1839 33. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 N.K. MACPHEE M 0 Y 1841 34. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB .Y 1826 35. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 CHRISTIAN MACPHEE F 25 SERV.FEMALE Y 1816 36. MALL ANNAT-HOUSE 1 MARY MACPHEE F 12 SERV.FEMALE Y 1829 37. 38. MALL ACHDALIEU 1 MARGARET MACPHEE F 26 Y 1815 39. MALL ACHDALIEU 1 JEAN MACPHEE F 2 Y 1839 40. MALL ACHDALIEU 1 N.K. MACPHEE F 0 Y 1841 41. MALL ACHDALIEU 2 MARY MACPHEE F 80 N 1761 42. MALL ACHDALIEU 2 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 26 N 1815 43. MALL ACHDALIEU-HOUSE 1 DUGALD MACPHEE M 17 AG.LAB. Y 1824 44. 45. MALL FASSFERN 3 DONALD MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 46. 47. MALL KINLOCHEIL 4 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 60 AG.LAB. Y 1781 48. MALL KINLOCHEIL 4 ANN MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 49. MALL KINLOCHEIL 4 DONALD MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 50. MALL KINLOCHEIL 4 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB Y 1816

70 COMING TO AUSTRALIA 51. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 ANGUS MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB Y 1816 52. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 ANN MACPHEE F 25 Y 1816 53. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 ALEX MACPHEE M 2 Y 1839 54. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 ANN MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 55. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 CHARLES MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB Y 1826 56. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 N.K. MACPHEE M 0 Y 1841 57. MALL KINLOCHEIL 9 EWAN MACPHEE M 20 BLACKSMITH Y 1821 58. 59. MALL DRUMSALLIE-HOUS 1 EWAN MACPHEE M 13 AG.LAB Y 1828 60. MALL DRUMSALLIE-HOUS 1 MARY MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE Y 1826 61. 62. MALL DRUMSALLIE 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB. N 1821 63. MALL DRUMSALLIE 1 JEAN MACPHEE F 30 N 1811 64. MALL DRUMSALLIE 1 MARY MACPHEE F 15 N 1826 65. MALL DRUMSALLIE 1 ANGUS MACPHEE M 6 N 1835 66. 67. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 2 JOHN MACPHEE M 55 AG.LAB Y 1786 68. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 2 FLORA MACPHEE F 45 Y 1796 69. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 2 JOHN MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB Y 1821 70. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 2 EWAN MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB Y 1826 71. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 2 DONALD MACPHEE M 13 Y 1828 72. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 3 MARY MACPHEE F 14 SERV.FEMALE Y 1827 73. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 12 CHRISTINE MACPHEE F W 40 Y 1801 74. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 12 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 75. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 12 DONALD MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 76. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 12 ALLAN MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 77. MALL GARVAN-SOUTH 12 ROBERT MACPHEE M 12 Y 1829 78. 79. MALL 3 JOHN MACPHEE M 50 AG.LAB. Y 1791 80. MALL BLAICH 3 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 50 Y 1791 81. MALL BLAICH 3 MARY MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 82. 83. MALL TRISLAIG 9 ANGUS MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 84. MALL TRISLAIG 10 ISOBEL MACPHEE F 5 Y 1836 85. 86. MALL GARVAN-NORTH 5 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 87. MALL LUIBEILT 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 7 Y 1834 88. 89. MALL GLENNEVIS-HOUSE 2 JOHN MACPHEE M 35 AG.LAB. N 1806 90. MALL GLENNEVIS-HOUSE 2 MARY MACPHEE F 30 N 1811 91. MALL GLENNEVIS-HOUSE 2 ARCHIBALD MACPHEE M 1 N 1840 92. 93. MALL ACHINTORE 19 MARGARET MACPHEE F 12 SERV.FEMALE N 1829 94. MALL BLARMAFOLDACH 11 DUGALD MACPHEE M 30 AG.LAB. Y 1811 95. MALL BLARMAFOLDACH 11 MARGARET MACPHEE F 60 Y 1781 96. MALL BLARMAFOLDACH 11 MARY MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 97. MALL BLARMAFOLDACH 11 MARJORY MACPHEE F 19 Y 1822 98. MALL BLARMAFOLDACH 11 JOHN MACPHEE M 75 Y 1766 99. 100. MALL CLUNES 1 ANGUS MACPHEE M 70 AG.LAB. Y 1771 101. MALL CLUNES 2 MARY MACPHEE F 75 N 1766 102. 103. MALL CAONICH 1 ARCHIBALD MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB. N 1821 104. 105. MALL ERROCHT-HOUSE 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB. Y 1821 106. MALL ERROCHT-HOUSE 1 ALLAN MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 107. 108. MALL STRONE-HOUSE 1 ANGUS MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB. Y 1821 109. 110. MALL F.W.FORT 1 DONALD MACPHEE M M 35 ARMY-PRIVATE Y 1806 111. MALL F.W.FORT 1 MARY MACPHEE F M 20 N 1821 112. MALL F.W.FORT 1 ANN MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE Y 1826 113. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 7 ANN MACPHEE F W 60 Y 1781 114. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 7 ANGUS MACPHEE M 30 AG.LAB. Y 1811 115. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 7 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 116. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 7 JOHN MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB. Y 1821 117. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 7 FLORA MACPHEE F 20 SERV.FEMALE Y 1821 118. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 60 AG.LAB. Y 1781 119. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 60 N 1781 120. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 DONALD MACPHEE M 30 AG.LAB. Y 1811 121. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 JOHN MACPHEE M 20 AG.LAB. Y 1821 122. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 ANGUS MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 123. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 MARY MACPHEE F 20 SERV.FEMALE Y 1821

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 71 124. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 EFFY MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 125. MALL MUIRSHIRLICH 8 ANN MACPHEE F 14 Y 1827 126. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 6 DUGALD MACPHEE M 75 AG.LAB. Y 1766 127. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 6 CHRISTIAN MACPHEE F 60 Y 1781 128. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 EWAN MACPHEE M 55 AG.LAB. Y 1786 129. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 FLORA MACPHEE F 50 Y 1791 130. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 JANET MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 131. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 JEAN MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 132. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 SARAH MACPHEE F 14 Y 1827 133. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 BETSY MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 134. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 135. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 JOHN MACPHEE M 9 Y 1832 136. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 9 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 137. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 15 MORE MACPHEE F 75 N 1766 138. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 15 ANN MACPHEE F 40 N 1801 139. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 16 ANN MACPHEE F W 45 Y 1796 140. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 16 DONALD MACPHEE M 21 AG.LAB. Y 1820 141. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 16 JANET MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 142. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 16 DUGALD MACPHEE M 15 Y 1826 143. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 16 MARY MACPHEE F 14 Y 1827 144. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 16 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 5 AG.LAB. Y 1786 145. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 17 DUGALD MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 146. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 17 ANN MACPHEE F 25 Y 1816 147. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 17 ANN MACPHEE F 4 Y 1837 148. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 17 JOHN MACPHEE M 2 Y 1839 149. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 17 N.K. MACPHEE M 0 Y 1841 150. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 17 MARY MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 151. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 18 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 60 AG.LAB. Y 1781 152. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 18 MARGARET MACPHEE F 60 Y 1781 153. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 18 CHRISTIAN MACPHEE F 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 154. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 18 JOHN MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 155. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 20 DUGALD MACPHEE M 55 AG.LAB. Y 1786 156. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 20 DONALD MACPHEE M 18 AG.LAB. Y 1823 157. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 20 ANN MACPHEE F 24 Y 1817 158. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 21 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 65 AG.LAB. N 1776 159. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 21 MARY MACPHEE F 50 N 1791 160. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 21 JOHN MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 161. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 32 HUGH MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 162. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 34 JOHN MACPHEE M 65 CANAL-LOCKKEEPER N 1776 163. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 34 ANN MACPHEE F 55 N 1786 164. MALL BANAVIE-UPPER 39 ISABELLA MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE Y 1826 165. 166. MALL CAMAGHAEL 9 JOHN MACPHEE M 60 AG.LAB. N 1781 167. MALL CAMAGHAEL 9 MARY MACPHEE F 55 N 1786 168. MALL CAMAGHAEL 9 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 169. MALL CAMAGHAEL 9 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 13 Y 1828 170. MALL CAMAGHAEL 9 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 171. MALL CAMAGHAEL 9 FLORA MACPHEE F 2 Y 1839 172. 173. MALL CORPACH 3 ARCHIBALD MACPHEE M 50 AG.LAB. N 1791 174. MALL CORPACH 3 EUPHEMIA MACPHEE F 50 N 1791 175. MALL CORPACH 3 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 176. MALL CORPACH 3 EWAN MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 177. MALL CORPACH 3 CHRISTIAN MACPHEE F 8 Y 1833 178. MALL CORPACH 3 MARGARET MACPHEE F 5 Y 1836 179. MALL CORPACH 4 DONALD MACPHEE M 65 BELLMAN N 1776 180. MALL CORPACH 4 MARGARET MACPHEE F 35 SERV.FEMALE N 1806 181. MALL CORPACH 4 CHRISTINE MACPHEE F W 88 N 1753 182. MALL CORPACH 4 ISABELL MACPHEE F 89 N 1752 183. MALL CORPACH 4 DONALD MACPHEE M 40 N 1801 184. MALL CORPACH 12 MARGARET MACPHEE F 28 SERV.FEMALE N 1813 185. MALL CORPACH 24 CHRISTINE MACPHEE F 5 N 1836 186. MALL CORPACH 32 JANET MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 187. MALL CORPACH 32 ISABELLA MACPHEE F 25 Y 1816 188. MALL CORPACH 32 ANN MACPHEE F 7 Y 1834 189. MALL CORPACH 32 MARY MACPHEE F 5 Y 1836 190. MALL CORPACH 32 ARCHIBALD MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 191. MALL CORPACH 32 DONALD MACPHEE M 0 Y 1841 192. MALL CORPACH 35 ALEX MACPHEE M 45 MERCHANT N 1796 193. MALL CORPACH 35 DONALD MACPHEE M 50 N 1791 194. MALL CORPACH 35 JOHN MACPHEE M 25 SAWER N 1816 195. MALL CORPACH 36 ANGUS MACPHEE M 40 CARPENTER N 1801 196. MALL CORPACH 36 MARY MACPHEE F 40 N 1801

72 COMING TO AUSTRALIA 197. MALL CORPACH 36 JOHN MACPHEE M 18 N 1823 198. MALL CORPACH 36 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 17 Y 1824 199. MALL CORPACH 36 JOHN MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 200. MALL CORPACH 36 N.K. MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 201. MALL CORPACH 44 MARY MACPHEE F 60 N 1781 202. MALL CORPACH 44 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 60 N 1781 203. MALL CORPACH 44 CHRISTINE MACPHEE F 55 N 1786 204. MALL LOCHYFERRY 1 DONALD MACPHEE M 22 FERRYMAN Y 1819 205. 206. MALL LOCHYSIDE 12 JOHN MACPHEE M 50 CANAL-LOCKKEEPER N 1791 207. MALL LOCHYSIDE 12 MARY MACPHEE F 45 N 1796 208. MALL LOCHYSIDE 12 ANN MACPHEE F 7 Y 1834 209. MALL LOCHYSIDE 12 EWAN MACPHEE M 6 Y 1835 210. MALL LOCHYSIDE 12 JEAN MACPHEE F 1 Y 1840 211. MALL LOCHYSIDE 13 ALEX MACPHEE M 30 FISHER(SALMON) Y 1811 212. MALL LOCHYSIDE 13 SARAH MACPHEE F 25 Y 1816 213. MALL LOCHYSIDE 13 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 5 Y 1836 214. MALL LOCHYSIDE 13 MARY MACPHEE F 4 Y 1837 215. MALL LOCHYSIDE 13 FLORA MACPHEE F 3 Y 1838 216. MALL LOCHYSIDE 13 SARAH MACPHEE F 1 Y 1840 217. 218. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 1 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 18 SERV.MALE N 1823 219. 220. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.STH 2 MARY MACPHEE F W 35 DRESSMAKER Y 1806 221. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.STH 2 JOAN MACPHEE F 10 Y 1831 222. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.STH 30 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 20 SERV.FEMALE N 1821 223. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.STH 37 EWAN MACPHEE M 35 MERCHANT Y 1806 224. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.STH 37 SARAH MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 225. 226. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 6 PEGGY MACPHEE F 18 SERV.FEMALE Y 1823 227. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 12 ISOBEL MACPHEE F W 45 N 1796 228. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 12 JOHN MACPHEE M 22 Y 1819 229. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 12 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 230. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 12 ALEX MACPHEE M 12 Y 1829 231. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 12 HUGHINA MACPHEE F 10 Y 1831 232. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 33 SARAH MACPHEE F W 70 Y 1771 233. 234. MALL F.W.LOW-ST.2ND 5 JEAN MACPHEE F M 30 Y 1811 235. 236. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.STH 56 DUGALD MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 237. 238. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 JOHN MACPHEE M 45 AG.LAB. Y 1796 239. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 EPHY MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 240. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 JOHN MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 241. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 ANGUS MACPHEE M 4 Y 1837 242. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 EWAN MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 243. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 ANN MACPHEE F 13 Y 1828 244. MALL F.W.CHURCH-SQ. 8 FLORA MACPHEE F W 80 Y 1761 245. MALL F.W.MAIN-ST.LOW 39 MARGARET MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE Y 1826 246. MORV LOCHALINE 10 ANNE MACPHEE F 35 Y 1806 247. MORV LOCHALINE 10 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 248. MORV LOCHALINE 10 MARY MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 249. MORV LOCHALINE 10 ARCHIBALD MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 250. MORV LOCHALINE 10 HUGH MACPHEE M 6 Y 1835 251. MORV LOCHALINE 25 DONALD MACPHEE M 65 JOINER Y 1776 252. MORV LOCHALINE 25 MARY MACPHEE F 50 Y 1791 253. MORV BONNAVOULIN 6 MARY MACPHEE F 75 Y 1766 254. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 JOHN MACPHEE M 55 AG.LAB. Y 1786 255. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 DONALD MACPHEE M 45 AG.LAB. Y 1796 256. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 ANN MACPHEE F 60 Y 1781 257. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 EMILY MACPHEE F 55 SERV.FEMALE Y 1786 258. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 MARY MACPHEE F 50 SERV.FEMALE Y 1791 259. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 KET MACPHEE F 35 Y 1806 260. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 JOHN MACPHEE M 11 Y 1830 261. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 SARAH MACPHEE F 9 Y 1832 262. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 MARY MACPHEE F 7 Y 1834 263. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 264. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 COLIN MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 265. MORV DRUIMBUIDHE 3 CHRISTINA MACPHEE F 0 Y 1841 266. 267. MORV ORONSAY 5 KET MACPHEE F 90 Y 1751 268. MORV CAMAS SALACH 2 DUGALD MACPHEE M 85 Y 1756 269. MORV CAMAS SALACH 2 HUGH MACPHEE M 75 Y 1766

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 73 270. MORV CAMAS SALACH 2 MARY MACPHEE F 45 Y 1796 271. MORV CAMAS SALACH 2 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 35 SERV.FEMALE Y 1806 272. 273. MORV LAUDALE 5 COLIN MACPHEE M 65 AG.LAB. Y 1776 274. MORV LAUDALE 5 MARY MACPHEE F 30 Y 1811 275. 276. MORV ACHLEEK 3 KETT MACPHEE F 19 SERV.FEMALE N 1822 277. 278. MORV 5 MARY MACPHEE F 12 SERV.FEMALE Y 1829 279. 280. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 45 AG.LAB. N 1796 281. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 43 Y 1798 282. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 ELIZABETH MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 283. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 16 Y 1825 284. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 MARY MACPHEE F 13 Y 1828 285. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 ALLAN MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 286. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 EWAN MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 287. MONI LOCHYFERRY 1 HELEN MACPHEE F 4 Y 1837 288. MONI BEN-NEVIS-DIST. 1 JANE MACPHEE F 30 SERV.FEMALE N 1811 289. MONI TORLUNDY 3 CHRISTINA MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE Y 1826 290. 291. MONI WAUCHAN 3 MALCOLM MACPHEE M 25 AG.LAB. Y 1816 292. MONI WAUCHAN 14 ALEX MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 293. MONI ACHNAHANTE 6 MARY MACPHEE F 10 SERV.FEMALE Y 1831 294. 295. MONI LINDALLY 3 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 60 TAILOR N 1781 296. MONI LINDALLY 3 ANN MACPHEE F 45 N 1796 297. MONI LINDALLY 3 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 15 Y 1826 298. MONI LINDALLY 3 UNA MACPHEE F 10 Y 1831 299. MONI LINDALLY 3 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 300. MONI LINDALLY 3 CHRISTIAN MACPHEE F 7 Y 1834 301. MONI LINDALLY 3 DONALD MACPHEE M 18 Y 1823 302. 303. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 45 INDEPENDENT Y 1796 304. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 JEAN MACPHEE F 35 Y 1806 305. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 JEAN MACPHEE F 9 Y 1832 306. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 307. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 DONALD MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 308. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 ROBERT MACPHEE M 1 Y 1840 309. MONI ALLDOWER-COTTAG 1 ISABELLA MACPHEE F 0 Y 1841 310. 311. MONI INVERROY 32 WILLIAM MACPHEE M 40 CARPENTER Y 1801 312. MONI INVERROY 32 ANN MACPHEE F 40 Y 1801 313. MONI INVERROY 32 SARAH MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 314. MONI INVERROY 32 EWAN MACPHEE M 10 Y 1831 315. 316. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 JOHN MACPHEE M 35 AG.LAB. N 1806 317. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 35 Y 1806 318. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 MARGARET MACPHEE F 13 Y 1828 319. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 11 Y 1830 320. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 JOHN MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 321. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 ANN MACPHEE F 5 Y 1836 322. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 ISABELLA MACPHEE F 3 Y 1838 323. MONI KILLIECHONATE 3 ALLAN MACPHEE M 30 Y 1811 324. 325. MONI COIRECHOINLIDH 1 VERE MACPHEE F 30 SERV.FEMALE Y 1811 326. 327. MONI INSH 5 DONALD MACPHEE M 15 AG.LAB. Y 1826 328. 329. MONI RATTAICH-VOR 3 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 50 Y 1791 330. 331. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 EWAN MACPHEE M 55 INDEPENDENT Y 1786 332. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 MARY MACPHEE F 29 Y 1812 333. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 JANET MACPHEE F 13 Y 1828 334. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 EWAN MACPHEE M 11 Y 1830 335. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 8 Y 1833 336. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 MARY MACPHEE F 6 Y 1835 337. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 ANGUS MACPHEE M 5 Y 1836 338. MONI LOCH-QUOICH-ISL 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 3 Y 1838 339. 340. MONI DRYNACHAN 10 ANN MACPHEE F 65 Y 1776 341. 342. ARIS LOCHANS 1 MARY MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE N 1826

74 COMING TO AUSTRALIA 343. 344. ARIS EILEAN-SHONA 10 ANN MACPHEE F 10 Y 1831 345. 346. ARIS MINGARRY 13 ISOBEL MACPHEE F 60 Y 1781 347. ARIS MINGARRY 14 DONALD MACPHEE M 9 Y 1832 348. 349. ARIS -INN 1 DUGALD MACPHEE M 25 CUTTERMAN N 1816 350. ARIS ARISAIG-INN 1 MARGARET MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 351. 352. ARIS INVERAILORT 2 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 25 SERV.FEMALE Y 1816 353. 354. ONIC CORRAN 7 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 55 ARMY-PENSIONER N 1786 355. ONIC CORRAN 7 SARAH MACPHEE F 55 N 1786 356. ONIC CORRAN 7 MARGARET MACPHEE F 20 N 1821 357. ONIC CORRAN 7 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 15 N 1826 358. 359. ONIC 19 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 25 SERV.FEMALE N 1816 360. 361. ONIC -NT 10 WILLIAM MACPHEE M 5 N 1836 362. ONIC BALLACHULISH-NT 10 DONALD MACPHEE M 3 ONICH 1838 363. 364. ONIC CALLERT 2 ANN MACPHEE F 25 SERV.FEMALE N 1816 365. 366. ONIC CARNOS 1 ELIZA MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE ONICH 1826 367. 368. GLEN RADARROCH 11 ARCHIBALD MACPHEE M 30 CATTLE-DROVER Y 1811 369. GLEN RADARROCH 11 MRS MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 370. GLEN RADARROCH 11 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 6 Y 1835 371. GLEN RADARROCH 11 JOHN MACPHEE M 4 Y 1837 372. GLEN RADARROCH 11 ANGUS MACPHEE M 2 Y 1839 373. 374. GLEN 5 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 20 Y 1821 375. 376. GLEN SANDAIG 5 FLORA MACPHEE F 70 COTTAR Y 1771 377. GLEN SANDAIG 5 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 40 Y 1801 378. 379. GLEN KYLES 5 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 25 SERV.MALE Y 1816 380. 381. GLEN KINLOCHMORAR 2 FLORA MACPHEE F 25 SERV.FEMALE Y 1816 382. 383. GLEN 1 JOHN MACPHEE M 35 AG.LAB. Y 1806 384. GLEN MALLAIG 1 MARGARET MACPHEE F 35 Y 1806 385. GLEN MALLAIG 1 MARY MACPHEE F 15 Y 1826 386. GLEN MALLAIG 1 AMELIA MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 387. GLEN MALLAIG 1 SARAH MACPHEE F 8 Y 1833 388. 389. ARDG GLENSCADDLE 1 ANGUS MACPHEE M 60 CHARCOAL-MAKER Y 1781 390. ARDG GLENSCADDLE 1 SARAH MACPHEE F 55 Y 1786 391. ARDG GLENSCADDLE 1 DUNCAN MACPHEE M 15 CHARCOAL-MAKER Y 1826 392. ARDG GLENSCADDLE 1 ALEXANDER MACPHEE M 20 CHARCOAL-MAKER Y 1821 393. ARDG GLENSCADDLE 1 MARY MACPHEE F 25 Y 1816 394. 395. ARDG ARYHOULAN 3 ANN MACPHEE F 75 Y 1766 396. 397. ARDG KEIL 1 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 20 SERV.FEMALE Y 1821 398. 399. ARDG CORRAN 3 HUGH MACPHEE M 18 BLACKSMITH Y 1823 400. ARDG CORRAN 3 ANN MACPHEE F 15 SERV.FEMALE Y 1826 401. 402. ARDG CONAGLEN 4 HUGH MACPHEE M 15 N 1826 403. 404. ARDG CAOL 5 CATHERINE MACPHEE F 12 Y 1829 405. 406. ARDG SALLACHAN 2 MARGARET MACPHEE F 14 SERV.FEMALE Y 1827 407. 408. ARDG INVERSANDER 7 MARY MACPHEE F 30 SERV.FEMALE N 1811

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 75 CHAPTER SIX PART II McPhee—Coming to Australia THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS EMIGRATION SOCIETY BERNIE MCPHEE

“McPhee: Coming to Australia” A talk given by Bernard They were all in high spirits and seemed thankful to you, McPhee, at the Biennial General Meeting of the Macfie Clan and the Emigration Society, for having put it in their Society of Australia on 27 May 2006. power to leave the misery behind them, which they have for some time experienced. They were all very clean and We are remembering around now the publication of two neatly dressed, most of them in the clothes sent by the books: “McPhee’s, from Scotland to Australia” by Trevor Society, and which I distributed last week: altogether Phee and: “The McPhees of Argyle” by Ian McPhee and their appearance was very satisfactory. A crowd of several we recall the fact that this year marks the silver jubilee of hundred collected together to witness their departure, and the Macfie Clan becoming an: ‘honourable company’, although a parting scene is always unpleasant this one was from 27th May 1981 to 27th May 2006. This talk will be rendered less so than usual by the fact that whole families about the folks from the Highlands and Islands of Scotland were going together. As soon as the steamer left the quay who came to Australia in the 1850’s, concentrating on the emigrants all appeared on deck and gave three hearty the endeavours of The Highlands and Islands Emigration farewell cheers for their “Native Highland home”. As Society, and of the Colonial Governments, and where required by the rules of the Society the Ground Officer possible reflecting on coming to Australia of people named accompanied the emigrants to Glasgow, to take charge of “McPhee”. What were the conditions like at home? Who them until handed over to the Society’s Agent there. His arranged the transport to Australia? Who paid for it? The expenses will be paid by the Society. Now that I have a famine at home; the evictions of Highlanders and Islanders little time I will send you in a few days a complete list of from their land in the so-called “CLEARANCES”; all the emigrants’ names and all particulars connected with the spirit of the people, their songs and poetry; their them. I am Sir, your most obedient servant, William Bett.” poverty, their sufferings and at times desperation, then their optimism; and finally, how letters from Australia Bett was reporting all this to Cameron of Lochiel of encouraged more immigrants to have a go. course because Lochiel had provided the money for the DEPOSIT for 65 of the 84 people boarding the ship I will start by asking you to imagine some events of the that day. Trevor Phee’s book tells us which McPhees were year 1853. We are in Fort William, Scotland. A group of on this ship. You will notice that Mr Betts refers to the: 84 people are getting on board The Lapwing, a steamer “Emigration Society” and in another place he refers to: “the (steam ship) which will take them to Glasgow, and from rules of the Society”. How did these people and the other there they will catch the steamer down to Liverpool, and emigrants of the 1850’s pay their way to Australia? Two another ship to Australia. There is a small crowd to see ways, in general. One way was that the passage to Australia them off at the ferry. This is the last time they will see was paid by the different Colonial Governments. Trevor their Highlands. There was a witness, who recorded those Phee explains this. It is called the BOUNTY system, he day’s events, and this is how that witness, Mr William says, where, for instance, the Government of the Colony Bett reported the matter soon afterwards to his Master: of Victoria paid so much for every migrant arriving safely Cameron of Locheil. and well on its shores. So, upon the migrant ship’s arrival “MOY, 11th October, 1853. Sir, Last night 84 individuals the ship owner made out a list of those he landed, say left your property here for Australia. They went to Glasgow in Victoria, and Governor La Trobe paid the ship owner by the LAPWING, one of D.Henderson & Co steamers, Sixteen Pounds for each person. whence they were to proceed to Birkinhead, (that is at Many came to Australia this way. Earlier on, many Scottish Liverpool) where the emigrant ship “UTOPIA” was ready people had come mainly to New South Wales under to receive them.

76 COMING TO AUSTRALIA the auspices of the Reverend James Dunmore Lang. Ian the disasters in Ireland. In Scotland the great famine was McPhee’s book gives a good picture of this very successful terrible in spite of the expenditure of many millions of scheme to get Scots people to Australia. But this was National funds and the help of National Charities in that before the big rush to Australia of the 1850’s. And McPhee neighbour nation. There were, in the Scottish Highlands, numbers were fewer under this earlier sponsorship. two reasons for this, firstly the owners and managers, the proprietors of the land, had liberally afforded assistance The second way for Scots to come to Australia was by way to their dependents, in many cases exceeding the whole of: “The Highlands and Islands Immigration Society”, revenue of their properties. This had not happened in who paid the fares and arranged and paid for everything Ireland. Secondly, there was a large RELIEF FUND else. Quite a number of McPhees came to Australia under administered by Committees in Edinburgh and Glasgow. the auspices of this Highlands and Islands Immigration But six years of famine and distress in the Highlands had Society. This society was founded by benevolent persons exhausted these two efforts. The proprietors had no money in England – at a Meeting held in the Freemasons Hall, left, and by the Spring of 1851 the authorities decided that London with the Earl of Shaftesbury presiding. The money they should find a permanent solution. Emigration. for this scheme was found by the Highland Lords and other influential English nobles and gentry. They raised What was happening was that the population was between them 9500 Pounds by Subscriptions in the first increasing, while the means of subsistence diminished. year. The most immediate of two factors which influenced They had been kicked off the very land which would these well intentioned gentlemen was the famine of 1846 have supported their lesser numbers in olden times. The – 1853, in the Highlands. Some idea of what a famine Government conducted an enquiry into the misery in could be like in the Highlands is given by Corrychoille that part of the Kingdom, which revealed, they said, Cameron of Lochaber as he described to John McPhee that six years of handouts, alms, emergency relief to the of Killiechonate in 1850 how he survived one such great Highlanders and Islanders had encouraged , they said, famine when he was a boy – John McPhee wrote: some sort of, what we call today, a Cargo Cult among the inhabitants, and had thus, they said, seriously impaired “Although, at this time the owner of a quarter of a million the moral character of the people, without improving their sheep and a large stud of cattle of all breeds, he was not prospects. ashamed to tell us of the starvation he suffered. The season was dry and frosty, neither potatoes nor oats grew. This was The Committee urged the absolute necessity of what people depended on for their living. As the season emigration, to prevent the occurrence of some fearful advanced things were getting worse and oatmeal was so calamity. In fact, just as Australia was IN NEED of good dear that people could not buy it. Money they had none. people, to work on the bountiful and rich land, so at the Those who had meal would not give credit, so they had to same time, the authorities for Scotland’s Highlands and use their own wits to scramble out a living. Those who had Islands were wanting to REMOVE from its shores the pet goats and pet sheep killed them. Sometimes when they many people whom the inhospitable and infertile land was would be really hungry a fowl would be killed and shared no longer supporting. Both the: HIES scheme and the among the family. Those who had cows, the owner would Colonial authorities subsidy and BOUNTY schemes, were take a certain amount of blood from them by opening HUMANE schemes to help both Australia and Highland a vein in the neck. The blood would be cooked in even Scotland. Australia wanted the good Scots people, and parts of water. When cooked each member would receive Scotland didn’t want them. This can be put better Australia his share. Often after eating the share he would feel more promised to have good food and work and space for all, hungry than before; it only sharpened up his appetite for and Highland Scotland had neither food nor work and more. The milk would be saved up for two days and then certainly no space, just then. rennet would be put in and turn it into curds. This would The Book “MCPHEES FROM SCOTLAND TO be served the same as the blood and water. All the fowls AUSTRALIA IN THE 1800’s” gives details of the people were killed or any young cattle. Every means was used to who came to Australia and the ships that brought them save life, fishing and hunting was every day work for the to Australia under both schemes. Ian McPhee’s book: men. Anything extra one woman got would be shared with “The MCPHEES OF ARGYLE” gives a good picture of the rest. They would all do this.” the NSW schemes for Migration under theinspiration of That’s the end of Corry Cameron’s words. So, in 1846-47 James Dunmore Lang. But the famine of the mid forties again, the Western Highlands of Scotland were utterly to early fifties was just the final straw for the dispossessed destitute. This destitution was caused, (not entirely Highlanders and Islanders. perhaps,) by the famine of 1846-7 and in the succeeding years. People were not in general aware of the failure of the potato crop in Scotland as they had been made aware of

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 77 The earlier tragedy for the common labourer and small years successively, of DEFEAT, DISPOSSESSION AND crafting farmer was THE CLEARANCES. The Highlands HUNGER, Australia would sound increasingly attractive, of Scotland were not as badly treated in these land especially since whole family groups would go together, CLEARANCES as (earlier) were some of the Islands and and they would be taken there virtually for nothing. other parts of North Easterly Scotland, but nothing could Regarding the second of these influences, the Highland recapture the misery of those forced evictions from the and Island CLEARANCES, there was a woman land where loyal tenants had lived and worked from time called Catherine McPhee who gave evidence later at a immemorial. And even in the Western Highlands, these Government inquiry into the Highland Clearances. She CLEARANCES, of clearing the people off the land, and had been caught up in the pitiless Clearances on the Island bringing in sheep instead, produced a devastating social of Barra, and she gave her eye-witness and anguished and humanitarian effect. The Highland crofters, families evidence in the following words:- working a small piece of land, with no titles to the land, except the dubious merit of their long service of their “Many a thing have I seen in my own day and generation” laird, and faithfulness to the Laird in war and peace, they remembered Catherine McPhee of Iochdar in the North of had been were squeezed off their pitiful holdings. Some the Island of Barra, “many a thing, O Mary Mother of the were forcibly removed and the cottages destroyed, some Black sorrow! I have seen the townships swept, and the big drifted in penury to towns like Fort William, to live on holdings made of them, the people being driven out of the the outskirts, others drifted down to Glasgow and bigger Island to the streets of Glasgow and the wilds of Canada, towns, and some were forcibly put on ships for the new such of them as did not die of hunger and plague and small world. Some who had trades or professions managed pox, while going across the sea. I have seen the women somehow, but of McPhees – this was not many. putting their children in the carts which were sent from Benbecula and the Iochdar to Loch Boisdale while their Ian McPhee (page 123 of his book: “The McPhees of husbands lay bound in the pen, and were weeping, without Argyle”) tells of incidents on the when Duncan power to give them a helping hand, though the women MacFee was evicted by the sheriff on behalf of the Duke of were crying aloud, and the children wailing like to break Argyll. Ian McPhee wonders at the few pitiful things the their hearts. I have seen big strong men, the champions people actually possessed, to bother throwing outside the of the country, the stalwarts of the world, being bound evictee’s house. These following events took place in 1855: on Loch Boisdale quay, and cast into the ship as would be “The McPhees were not evicted without a struggle. While done to horses and cattle. The God of life, and He only, the eviction was in progress, Duncan’s (MacFee) wife Ann, knows all the loathsome work of men on that day.” was sitting in the corner of the house cradling a baby at One can imagine the Judges and nobles sitting uneasily in the breast. As she sat there she shouted and swore that she their seats as Catherine McPhee gave this out. One of the would not move on any account from the house unless she officials conducting the Inquiry was Cameron of Lochiel was given another home. The sheriff officer then informed himself. I want to read you another contemporary account her that she was being removed for the second time as of the effects of the CLEARANCES, and the aftermath she had during the previous year broken the door to the of WAR, which affected the McPhees who lived on the house and re-entered it. He also said that she could expect North shore of Loch Arkaig. Many McPhees had once ‘to receive no favours from the hands of His Grace The lived along that shore and in Glen Dessary and other Glens Duke of Argyll. The sheriff officer then ordered the men in those Cameron lands, at the shore of Loch Arkaig. The to physically remove her. Ann resisted, and the men found author strikes a plaintive note as he first speaks of the themselves unable to move her without causing harm to DARK MILE , that heavily timbered and shaded path that her and the child.” takes one from the Great Glen at Loch Lochy to join the In summary therefore, there were three influences on our Southerly end of Loch Arkaig. Along the northern shores Highland ancestors: one, the Highlanders had suffered of this Loch, and in the adjacent Glens, many McPhees defeat in war and after the battle of CULLODEN so had formerly lived. much so that the Highland Clan system was ineffective The forest, with its overhead branches so thick and and ruined and its Clan leaders and Lairds were broke, crowded – “……..as to effectually exclude the sunlight and many totally dispersed. Two, the Highlanders had in summer, a circumstance which doubtless led Prince suffered the CLEARANCES, and the old Clan system Charlie to select a cave off the road underneath, in which was now destroyed, and the poorly productive land now to hide after Culloden. The sylvan grandeur of the margins given over to beasts. Three, the Highlanders suffered the of Loch Arkaig, stretching far away for many miles to famine of 1847 to 1853, and the neither old Clan system the northward, lend a particular charm to the vista, but nor the Lairds, factors, managers nor proprietors could do one cannot help recalling that Glen Dessary, Glen Paen anything more for them. In the face of this one hundred and Glen Kingie now relegated to sheep and deer – were

78 COMING TO AUSTRALIA at one time thickly populated by the peasantry class, the how much they were earning in Australia, mostly Victoria, representatives of whom are now scattered over the plains what good food they had, and how much there was of of Canada and Australia. It is somewhat pathetic nowadays it, especially meat, and other items long denied them at to wander through these desolated glens; there is a pathos home, how soon they could get money in their hands, in the ruined homesteads – a requiem in the breeze, and how kind everyone is to them, how the owners try to keep even the waves on the beach, lapping unceasingly, seem to family members together in their employment situations. croon dolefully for the stalwarts that have passed away.” One correspondent however says that the ship’s captain was sorry now that he shot the cook. The HIES correspondents Pulling together these threads and weaving the tattered did not mention unpleasant things much. Not like the historical cloth of the one hundred years up to 1850, writer to the Inverness Courier. Don Watson quotes one in their DEFEAT, DEPRESSION AND MISERABLE new-Australian whose life was a misery: heat, flies, ants, HUNGER, which comprised the three ages of the lot of mosquitoes which brought him out in boils; fleas, bugs, the common working men and women of the Highlands centipedes, tarantulas, great red and black ants (it was – one can contemplate the following:- not safe to sit upon the grass), snakes, particularly the • it was not just the suppression of Highland sentiment deaf adder (a child was bitten a few weeks since, it died in after the Battle of Culloden and the end of Jacobite horrid convulsions), and was a mass of putrefaction a few aspirations, and the terrible aftermath in a cruel hunting minutes afterwards,) etc etc. down of Highland men, women and children, But here is what the Highlanders mostly heard about in • it was not just the misery and forlorn situation of being these letters home: Donald MacKenzie wrote that: “Sandy dispossessed of their land in the Highland Clearances, McInnes..his family .. all the family is at one man, and he • it was not just the ten years of famine from the mid is a good master. His wages is 160 Pounds a year. I took 1840’s, although this was the only reason given by the one sum for a year, and am content for it. I have meat for founders of the Highland and Islands Emigration Society, the family per week, 28 lbs, and 20 lbs flour, 4 lbs sugar, and half lbs tea – and we did not feel any hunger since we • it was not just the failure of the price system of selling left home, and we have flesh three times a day” kelp for seaside dwellers and Islanders, as the market fell apart after the end of the Peninsular Wars, John McKinnon wrote: “..and I will tell you, I am only six weeks and two days at work, and I have in my possession • it was not just the failure of the Scottish Society to this night after clearing all my expenses, twenty Pounds take care of the people as the great Estates changed from sterling.” “But I will tell you another good sign of this a peasant economy to a pastoral economy, it was all of country – there is not a beggar to be seen here. I would these, and a desire for a liberation from all these, and a fully advise you to send your sons here, where they can chance of a new hope, a fresh start for each whole family do something for themselves.” Donald MacCaskill wrote: unit, to be respected for what they were and what they “Our wages are 200 Pounds a year, plenty to eat and did have, to be able to live with dignity in the practice of drink. Besides it, our following rations, 80 lbs beef or one’s modest profession, to enjoy the privilege of learning mutton, 60 lbs flour 12 lbs sugar and 1and a half lbs tea.” to read and write and an opening to further and even, “Dear Sister”, he wrote, “you can easily understand by in time, higher education for their children, an end to this account that I left the starvation behind. I can give present misery, a sunshine of new hopes, so different in as much to my dogs now, as I was getting to my family at their hopeful expectation from what they had heard of the home, to keep them alive with.” Angus McKenzie: “Your fate of some of their fellow countrymen – like those on the little Flora would fetch 12 Pounds, and two or three dresses ship “Hector”, who had been unceremoniously dumped, of the finest.” “I am engaged to an elder of the Free Church unexpected, starving and crawling onto the unknown myself.” “We have got a cow from the master; nothing but shores of distant Nova Scotia. to go and milk her every day. They gather them here on a So, what had they heard about Australia? What had horse’s back, with a long whip. They’ll drive them as fast as Highlanders and Islanders heard about the new Country horses.” to which they could now get to for virtually nothing and which would make the 1850’s the golden decade for Highlanders migrating to Australia? Letters from emigrants: we have many letters written in 1851 and 1852 and sent back home for publication. HOW WONDERFUL IT ALL IS. Letter writers told their benefactors and their relatives and friends if they could read the letters, how they managed the long journey,

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 79 Conclusion: coming to Australia in the 1850’s – for Highlanders and Islanders – this was not a haphazard leap in the dark adventure for young men; it was well conceived and well planned and excellently accomplished design to bring good settlers, wife and family, and young single women, to the Australian shores, to the great benefit of this Nation, and the great benefit in most instances to the immigrants themselves, to live fulfilled lives following their calling in life in Australia, - whereas there had often been no outlet nor opportunity in their own beloved native land. The Committtee of the Highland and Island Immigration Society concluded its REPORT of the year 1852-1853 as follows: “In conclusion, the Committee have only to express the thankfulness with which they view the result of their labours: i.) the Highlands, both proprietors and people are placed in a better position; ii.) the Colonies acknowledge the benefit conferred upon them; iii.) and to the emigrants and their descendents – it is a change from misery, to which it was impossible to foresee an end – to affluence and prosperity, of which it is difficult to say what might be the limit.

From Corpach. Near Fort William. 1985.

The great cross, the Priory, Oronsay. Bernie McPhee 2001. MacDuffie Chapel to left.

80 COMING TO AUSTRALIA CHAPTER SIX PART III McPhee - Coming to Australia SPONSORED BY THE HIGHLANDS AND ISLANDS EMIGRATION SOCIETY

Home Page Number Surname Forenames Residence Estate Parish County Ship Departure Date Port of Departure Port of Arrival Remarks Page ------9 MCPHEE ANNE Feaull MCDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARAMINTA 06/20/1852 LIVERPOOL GEELONG ... 3 9 MCPHEE ANNE WIFE Feaull MCDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARAMINTA 06/20/1852 LIVERPOOL GEELONG ... 3 9 MCPHEE ARCHIBALD Feaull MCDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARAMINTA 06/20/1852 LIVERPOOL GEELONG ... 3 9 MCPHEE CATHERINE Feaull MCDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARAMINTA 06/20/1852 LIVERPOOL GEELONG ... 3 9 MCPHEE WILLIAM Feaull MCDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARAMINTA 06/20/1852 LIVERPOOL GEELONG ... 3 ------171 MCPHEE DUNCAN Morven Mr Sinclair of Lochalin Morvern Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY DEPOSIT PAID INTO BANK IN TOBERMORY. RECEIVED NO AID. VERY ELIGIBLE YOUNG COUPLE 37 171 MCPHEE MARY Morven Mr Sinclair of Lochalin Morvern Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY DEPOSIT PAID INTO BANK IN TOBERMORY. RECEIVED NO AID. VERY ELIGIBLE YOUNG COUPLE 37 ------186 MCPHEE ALEXANDER KEINTRA (Kintra) DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY IN SERVICES IN THE LOWLANDS GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE ANGUS KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE CATHERINE KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY IN FARM SERVICE NEAR GLASGOW GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE DONALD KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY £42.3.6 MAN LOOKS FINE AND HEALTHY AND EMPLOYED AS A DAY COALMAN GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE FLORA KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE HECTOR KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY FISHING IN ARRAN GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE MARGARET KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE MARY KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY GOOD FAMILY 38 186 MCPHEE NEIL KEINTRA (Kintra) ROSS OF MULL DUKE OF ARGYLL Kilfinichen and Kilvickeon Argyll MARMION 08/28/1852 LIVERPOOL MORETON BAY FISHING IN ARRAN GOOD FAMILY 38 ------

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 81 222 MCPHEE ALEXANDER Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE ... 44 222 MCPHEE ANN Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE ... 44 222 MCPHEE CATHERINE Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE £33.- HEALTHY RESPECTABLE LOOKING WOMAN 44 222 MCPHEE DONALD Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE ... 44 222 MCPHEE DUNCAN Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE ... 44 222 MCPHEE JOHN Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE ... 44 222 MCPHEE MARY Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE HAS AN ILLEGITIMATE CHILD. WAS REJECTED BY MR CHANT. SENT WITHOUT AUTHORITY. 44 222 MCPHEE WILLIAM Camieschorick (Camuschoirk) SIR J RIDDLE ARDNAMURCHAN Ardnamurchan Argyll ALLISON 09/13/1852 LIVERPOOL MELBOURNE ... 44 ------246 MCPHEE ALEXANDER RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 246 MCPHEE CHRISTY RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 246 MCPHEE MARGARET RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £27.0.9 HEALTHY ABLE WOMEN HAS 2 SONS IN AUSTRALIA 49 ------247 MCPHEE ARCHIBALD RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £15.1.8 SON OF MARGARET MCPHEE 49 247 MCPHEE CHRISTY RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 247 MCPHEE JANE RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 247 MCPHEE MARY RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 247 MCPHEE NORMAN RHEUENDUENNAN (Rubha an Dunain, Rhuandunan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Bracadale Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 ------248 MCPHEE ANGUS Slighican () MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £12.8.00 SON OF MARGARET MCPHEE AN EXCELLENT FAMILY APPointed CONSTABLE ON BOARD The Priscilla. AN EXCELLENT FAMILY 49 248 MCPHEE CHRISTY Slighican (Sligachan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Portree Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £12.8.00 SON OF MARGARET MCPHEE AN EXCELLENT FAMILY APPointed CONSTABLE ON BOARD The Priscilla. AN EXCELLENT FAMILY 49 248 MCPHEE EFFY Slighican (Sligachan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Portree Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £12.8.00 SON OF MARGARET MCPHEE AN EXCELLENT FAMILY APPointed CONSTABLE ON BOARD The Priscilla. AN EXCELLENT FAMILY 49 248 MCPHEE JOHN Slighican (Sligachan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Portree Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £12.8.00 SON OF MARGARET MCPHEE AN EXCELLENT FAMILY APPointed CONSTABLE ON BOARD The Priscilla. AN EXCELLENT FAMILY 49 248 MCPHEE MARY Slighican (Sligachan) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Portree Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £12.8.00 SON OF MARGARET MCPHEE AN EXCELLENT FAMILY APPointed CONSTABLE ON BOARD The Priscilla. AN EXCELLENT FAMILY 49 ------

82 COMING TO AUSTRALIA 249 MCPHEE ANGUS Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 249 MCPHEE DONALD Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA £17.12.5 VERY ELIGIBLE MAN. APPROVED CONSTABLE ON BOARD THE PRISCILLA 49 249 MCPHEE MARGARET Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 249 MCPHEE MARION Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 249 MCPHEE MARY Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 249 MCPHEE NEIL Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 249 MCPHEE NORMAN Carbost MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Snizort Inverness PRISCILLA 10/13/1852 LIVERPOOL VICTORIA ... 49 ------375 MCPHEE JOHN BURNISDALE () Snizort Inverness HERCULES 12/26/1852 CAMPBELTOWN VICTORIA NO AID 76 ------470 MCPHEE ANN WIFE STEIN ISLE OF SKYE SKEABOST Duirinish Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ELIGIBLE YOUNG COUPLE PRO NOTE £6.4.0 101 470 MCPHEE JOHN STEIN ISLE OF SKYE SKEABOST Duirinish Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ELIGIBLE YOUNG COUPLE PRO NOTE £6.4.0 101

------486 MCPHEE ALLAN BALVIGUIEN Kilmuir LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY PRO NOTE £10.14.6 103 486 MCPHEE JAMES BALVIGUIEN Kilmuir LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 103 486 MCPHEE JANE BALVIGUIEN Kilmuir LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 103 ------501 MCPHEE CHRISTY Balgowan (Balgown) KILMUIR LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 105 501 MCPHEE DONALD Balgowan (Balgown) KILMUIR LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 105 501 MCPHEE DONALD Balgowan (Balgown) KILMUIR LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY HAS A BROTHER IN THE COLONY. PRO NOTE £15.7.1 105 ------504 MCPHEE ALEXANDER Lower Lachasay LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY EXCELLENT FAMILY. PRO NOTE £20.2.10 106 504 MCPHEE FLORA Lower Lachasay LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY EXCELLENT FAMILY. PRO NOTE £20.2.10 106 504 MCPHEE FLORA NIECE Lower Lachasay LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY EXCELLENT FAMILY. PRO NOTE £20.2.10 106 504 MCPHEE JOHN Lower Lachasay LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY COTTAR. EXCELLENT FAMILY. PRO NOTE £20.2.10 106 504 MCPHEE JOHN Lower Lachasay LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY EXCELLENT FAMILY. PRO NOTE £20.2.10 106 504 MCPHEE MARION SISTER Lower Lachasay LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness NEW ZEALAND 08/23/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY EXCELLENT FAMILY. PRO NOTE £20.2.10 106 ------550 MCPHEE MALCOLM ISLE OF Sanda THE DUKE OF ARGYLL Southend Argyll SIR ALLAN MCNAB 10/28/1853 LIVERPOOL HOBART TOWN EXCELLENT EMIGRANTS 112 550 MCPHEE MARY SISTER ISLE OF Sanda THE DUKE OF ARGYLL Southend Argyll SIR ALLAN MCNAB 10/28/1853 LIVERPOOL HOBART TOWN EXCELLENT EMIGRANTS 112 ------

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 83 553 MCPHEE ARCHIBALD CORPACH LOCHIEL DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £36.7.2 POOR FAMILY. CHILDREN VERY ELIGIBLE 115 553 MCPHEE CHRISTY CORPACH LOCHIEL DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £36.7.2 POOR FAMILY. CHILDREN VERY ELIGIBLE 115 553 MCPHEE HUGH CORPACH LOCHIEL DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £36.7.2 POOR FAMILY. CHILDREN VERY ELIGIBLE 115 553 MCPHEE IAN CORPACH LOCHIEL DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £36.7.2 POOR FAMILY. CHILDREN VERY ELIGIBLE 115 553 MCPHEE KATE CORPACH LOCHIEL DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £36.7.2 POOR FAMILY. CHILDREN VERY ELIGIBLE 115 553 MCPHEE PEGGY CORPACH LOCHIEL DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £36.7.2 POOR FAMILY. CHILDREN VERY ELIGIBLE 115 ------563 MCPHEE ALEX CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE ARCHIBALD CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE CATH CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE CHRISTY CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE ELIZA CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE FLORA CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE JOHN CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE MARY CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 563 MCPHEE SARAH CORPACH DONALD CAMPBELL ESQ, Lochiel Kilmallie Inverness UTOPIA 11/03/1853 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY £28.11.2 1/2 HEALTHY ELIGIBLE FAMILY 115 ------594 MCPHEE ANN UPPER LACHASAY LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARABIAN 06/03/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY NO AID 123 594 MCPHEE JOHN UPPER LACHASAY LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARABIAN 06/03/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY NO AID 123 ------598 MCPHEE DONALD Herbista (Heribusta) LORD MACDONALD Kilmuir Inverness ARABIAN 06/03/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY PRO NOTE £4.1.1 123 ------674 MCPHEE ANN LOCHALEN (Lochaline) Morven MR SINCLAIR Morven (Morvern) Morvern Argyll EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY DEPOIST £6 PAID INTO BANK IN TOBERMORAY TO A/C OF HONORABLE ARTHUR KINNAIRD 134 674 MCPHEE DONALD LOCHALEN (Lochaline) Morven MR SINCLAIR Morven (Morvern) Morvern Argyll EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 134 674 MCPHEE HUGH LOCHALEN (Lochaline) Morven MR SINCLAIR Morven (Morvern) Morvern Argyll EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 134 674 MCPHEE MARY LOCHALEN (Lochaline) Morven MR SINCLAIR Morven (Morvern) Morvern Argyll EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 134 ------

84 COMING TO AUSTRALIA 683 MCPHEE CHRISTY WIFE SKYE MCLEOD OF MCLEOD Duirinish Inverness EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 135 683 MCPHEE JOHN ROAG SKYE MCLEOD OF MCLEOD Duirinish Inverness EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 135 683 MCPHEE MARGARET ROAG SKYE MCLEOD OF MCLEOD Duirinish Inverness EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY PRO NOTE £23.11.0 135 683 MCPHEE NEIL ROAG SKYE MCLEOD OF MCLEOD Duirinish Inverness EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 135 683 MCPHEE NORMAN ROAG SKYE MCLEOD OF MCLEOD Duirinish Inverness EDWARD JOHNSTONE 06/17/1854 LIVERPOOL PORTLAND BAY ... 135 ------875 MCPHEE ANGUS Carbost CARBOST Snizort Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE ... 164 875 MCPHEE JOHN Carbost CARBOST Snizort Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE ... 164 875 MCPHEE LACHLAN Carbost CARBOST Snizort Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE ... 164 875 MCPHEE MALCOLM Carbost CARBOST Snizort Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE £16.9.8 164 875 MCPHEE MARY Carbost CARBOST Snizort Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE ... 164

------880 MCPHEE JOHN UPPER MILLAVEG (Upper ) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Duirinish Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE NO PRO NOTE 165 880 MCPHEE KATE UPPER MILLAVEG (Upper Milovaig) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Duirinish Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE NO PRO NOTE 165 880 MCPHEE MARGARET UPPER MILLAVEG (Upper Milovaig) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Duirinish Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE NO PRO NOTE 165 880 MCPHEE MARY UPPER MILLAVEG (Upper Milovaig) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Duirinish Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE NO PRO NOTE 165 880 MCPHEE UPPER MILLAVEG (Upper Milovaig) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Duirinish Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE NO PRO NOTE 165 880 MCPHEE RORY UPPER MILLAVEG (Upper Milovaig) MACLEOD OF MACLEOD Duirinish Inverness SWITZERLAND 06/16/1855 LIVERPOOL ADELAIDE NO PRO NOTE 165 ------

Lochaline from whence left the family of Hugh Donald McPhee. Photos1985.

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 85 CHAPTER SEVEN The Great War 1914 to 1918

MCPHEE SOLDIERS FROM AUSTRALIA

Alan Ross McPhee, 33243, N172461 McPHEE Alan Ross : Service Number - Depot and V33243 : Empty envelope only. Amalgamated with World War II service documents - N172461. B2455 MCPHEE A R Open Canberra 1958409 ------Alex Roy McPhee, 1019A McPhee Alex Roy : SERN 1019A : POB Bega NSW : POE Liverpool NSW : NOK F McPhee Alex B2455 MCPHEE A R Australian soldiers of the 13th Battalion Open Canberra 1958411 Alexander Elder McPhee, 4152 ------McPhee Alexander Elder : SERN 4152 : POB St Arnaud Alexander McPhee, 182 VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee James McPhee Alexander : SERN 182 : POB Mortlake VIC : B2455 MCPHEE A E POE Guildford WA : NOK W McPhee Christina Ann Open Canberra 1958423 B2455 MCPHEE A ------Open Canberra 1958414 Alexander Hugh McPhee, 797 ------McPhee Alexander Hugh: SERN DEPOT 797 : POB Alexander McPhee, 2858 Tallarook VIC : POE Bendigo VIC : NOK F McPhee McPhee Alexander : SERN 2858 : POB Sydney NSW : Angus POE Sydney NSW : NOK M McPhee Sarah Ann B2455 MCPHEE A H B2455 MCPHEE A Open Canberra 1958424 Open Canberra 1958415 ------Alexander John McPhee, 91946 Alexander Allan McPhee, 3353 McPhee Alexander John : SERN DEPOT N91946 : POB McPhee Alexander Allan : SERN 3353 : POB Woodburn Grafton NSW : POE Narrandera NSW : NOK W McPhee NSW : POE Lismore NSW : NOK F McPhee Allan Mary B2455 MCPHEE A A B2455 MCPHEE A J Open Canberra 1958419 Open Canberra 1958427 ------

86 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Alexander Norman McPhee, 4858 Archie McPhee, 2026 McPhee Alexander Norman : SERN 4858 : POB Forbes McPhee Archie : SERN 2026 : POB Gympie QLD : POE NSW : POE Parkes NSW : NOK M McPhee Ellen Perth WA : NOK Jones Mary B2455 MCPHEE A N B2455 MCPHEE A Open Canberra 1958428 Open Canberra 1958440 ------Allan McPhee, 130 Archie Donald McPhee, 3478 McPhee Allan : SERN 130 : POB Melbourne VIC : POE McPhee Archie Donald : SERN 3478 : POB Irishtown Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee D TAS : POE Hobart TAS : NOK W McPhee I S M B2455 MCPHEE A B2455 MCPHEE A D Open Canberra 1958431 Open Canberra 1958441 ------Allick McPhee, 3390 Arthur William McPhee, 5178 McPhee Allick : SERN 3390 : POB Melbourne VIC : POE McPhee Arthur William Angus : SERN 5178 : POB Apsley Melbourne VIC : NOK M McPhee Ann E VIC : POE Hamilton VIC : NOK W McPhee Susan B2455 MCPHEE A B2455 MCPHEE A W A Open Canberra 1958433 Open Canberra 1958442 ------Angus McPhee, 76 Cecil Alban McPhee, 19180 McPhee Angus : SERN 76 : POB Elmhurst VIC : POE McPhee Cecil Alban : SERN 19180 : POB Perth WA : Bendigo VIC : NOK F McPhee Jonathan POE Perth WA : NOK F McPhee James B2455 MCPHEE A B2455 MCPHEE C A Open Canberra 1958435 Open Canberra 1958443 ------Angus McPhee, 2787 Charles Carey McPhee, Lieut McPhee Angus : SERN 2787 : POB Melbourne VIC : McPhee Charles Carey : SERN HON/LIEUT : POB POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee E M Majorca VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee Robert A B2455 MCPHEE A B2455 MCPHEE C C Open Canberra 1958437 Open Canberra 1958446 ------Archibald McPhee, 5426 Charles Cedric McPhee, 137 McPhee Archibald : SERN 5426 : POB Narrandera NSW : POE Narrandera NSW : NOK F McPhee Archibald McPhee Charles Cedric : SERN 137 : POB Goolwa SA : POE Adelaide SA : NOK Owen Ellen B2455 MCPHEE A B2455 MCPHEE C C Open Canberra 1958438 Open Canberra 1958448 ------

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 87 Donald Wallace McPhee, 361 Lieut McPhee Donald Wallace : SERN LIEUT 361 : POB Clarence NSW : POE Lismore NSW : NOK F McPhee Donald B2455 MCPHEE D W Open Canberra 1958461 ------Duncan McPhee, 1718 McPhee Duncan : SERN 1718 : POB Coraki NSW : POE Brisbane QLD : NOK F McPhee John B2455 MCPHEE D Australian soldiers crossing the Jordan River. Open Canberra 1958462 Claud Alexander McPhee, 3887 ------McPhee Claud Alexander : SERN 3887 : POB Melbourne Duncan McPhee, 4457 VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee Duncan McPhee Duncan : SERN 4457 : POB Hamilton VIC : B2455 MCPHEE C A POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee Alexander Open Canberra 1958451 B2455 MCPHEE D ------Open Canberra 1958463 David McPhee, 22123 ------McPhee David : SERN 22123 : POB Sydney NSW : POE Duncan William McPhee, 2859 Sydney NSW : NOK F McPhee Alexander McPhee Duncan William John Burgess : SERN 2859 : B2455 MCPHEE D POB Boulder WA : POE Kalgoorlie WA : NOK F McPhee James Duncan Open Canberra 1958452 B2455 MCPHEE D W J B ------Open Canberra 1958466 Donald Beatson McPhee, 164 ------McPhee Donald Beatson : SERN 164 : POB Grafton NSW : POE Enoggera QLD : NOK M McPhee Janet Edward Alexander McPhee, 58 B2455 MCPHEE D B McPhee Edward Alexander : SERN 58 : POB N/A : POE N/A : NOK F McPhee Daniel Open Canberra 1958456 B2455 MCPHEE E A ------Open Canberra 1958481 Donald Hugh McPhee, 2430 ------McPhee Donald Hugh : SERN 2430 : POB Woodburn NSW : POE Lismore NSW : NOK F McPhee D Edward Duncan McPhee, 2688 B2455 MCPHEE D H McPhee Edward Duncan : SERN 2688 : POB Adelaide SA : POE Perth WA : NOK W McPhee Gertrude Louisa Open Canberra 1958460 B2455 MCPHEE E D ------Open Canberra 1958502 ------

88 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Edward Singleton McPhee, 1034 George McPhee, 2426 McPhee Edward Singleton : SERN 1034 : POB Melbourne McPhee George : SERN 2426 : POB Benalla VIC : POE VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK B McPhee H Blackboy Hill WA : NOK W McPhee Nelly B2455 MCPHEE E S B2455 MCPHEE G Open Canberra 1958504 Open Canberra 1958449 ------Ernest Alfred McPhee, 86621 George Donald McPhee, 78433 McPhee Ernest Alfred : SERN DEPOT N86621 : POB McPhee George Donald : SERN DEPOT V78433 : POB Aberdeen NSW : POE Singleton NSW : NOK Cumming Melbourne VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK M McPhee Hugh Benjamin Beatrice B2455 MCPHEE E A B2455 MCPHEE G D Open Canberra 1958505 Open Canberra 1958453 ------Ernest Donald McPhee 2000 George Roy McPhee, Lieut McPhee Ernest Donald : SERN 2000 : POB Hynam SA : McPhee George Roy : SERN LIEUT : POB Sydney NSW : POE Adelaide SA : NOK F McPhee John Henry POE Liverpool NSW : NOK F McPhee Alexander Duncan B2455 MCPHEE E D B2455 MCPHEE G R Open Canberra 1958507 Open Canberra 1958454 Finlay McPhee, 3989 ------McPhee Finlay : SERN 3989 : POB Ulmarra NSW : POE Henry McPhee, POB Liverpool NSW : NOK M McPhee Ellen McPhee Henry : SERN DEPOT : POB Christchurch New B2455 MCPHEE F Zealand : POE Liverpool NSW : NOK Lee Susan Open Canberra 1958512 B2455 MCPHEE H ------Open Canberra 1958465 ------Francis James McPhee, 18411 Henry Daniel McPhee, 1959 McPhee Francis James Augustus : SERN 18411 : POB Yass NSW : POE Sydney NSW : NOK M McPhee Ellen McPhee Harry Daniel : SERN 1959 : POB Adelaide SA : POE Adelaide SA : NOK W McPhee Louisa C B2455 MCPHEE F J A B2455 MCPHEE H D Open Canberra 1958445 Open Canberra 1958455 ------Frank Victor McPhee, 141 Henry Edward McPhee, 1174 McPhee Frank Victor : SERN 141 : POB Scone NSW : POE West Maitland NSW : NOK F McPhee Hugh McPhee Henry Edward : SERN 1174 : POB Maitland NSW : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK Sayer Charlotte B2455 MCPHEE F V B2455 MCPHEE H E Open Canberra 1958447 Open Canberra 1958467 ------

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 89 Henry George Duncan Cameron McPhee, POB James Edward McPhee, 2007 McPhee Henry George Duncan Cameron : SERN McPhee James Edward : SERN 2007 : POB Buln Buln DEPOT : POB Salisbury VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : VIC : POE Coleraine VIC : NOK F McPhee Archibald NOK F McPhee Archibald Andrew B2455 MCPHEE H G D C B2455 MCPHEE J E Open Canberra 1958483 Open Canberra 1958493 ------Herbert McPhee 28888 John McPhee, 4584 McPhee Herbert : SERN 28888 : POB Narrandera NSW : McPhee John : SERN DEPOT T4584 : POB Launceston POE Cootamundra NSW : NOK F McPhee Archibald TAS : POE Hobart TAS : NOK Boyes Lieta B2455 MCPHEE H B2455 MCPHEE J Open Canberra 1958486 Open Canberra 1958494 ------Hugh McPhee, 6797 John McPhee, 3760 McPhee Hugh : SERN 6797 : POB York England : POE McPhee John : SERN 3760 : POB Edinburgh Scotland : Sydney NSW : NOK W McPhee Gertrude Mary POE Sydney NSW : NOK Medhurst Martha B2455 MCPHEE H B2455 MCPHEE J Open Canberra 1958487 Open Canberra 1958495 ------Jack Eric McPhee, 19788 John Albert McPhee, 25918 McPhee Jack Eric : SERN 19788 : POB Bega NSW : POE McPhee John Albert : SERN 25918 : POB Dunolly VIC : Sydney NSW : NOK M McPhee Kate POE Melbourne VIC : NOK M McPhee Mary B2455 MCPHEE J E B2455 MCPHEE J A Open Canberra 1958488 Open Canberra 1958497 ------James McPhee, 2855A John Alexander McPhee, 3098 McPhee James : SERN 2855A : POB Adelaide SA : POE McPhee John Alexander : SERN 3098 : POB Narrandera Melbourne VIC : NOK S McPhee Annie NSW : POE Sydney NSW : NOK F McPhee Donald B2455 MCPHEE J B2455 MCPHEE J A Open Canberra 1958489 Open Canberra 1958499 ------James McPhee, 16406 John Alexander Archibald McPhee, 7083 McPhee James : SERN 16406 : POB Seymour VIC : POE McPhee John Alexander Archibald : SERN 7083 : POB Perth WA : NOK W McPhee Lucy Melbourne VIC : POE Geelong VIC : NOK W McPhee Elsie May B2455 MCPHEE J 1914 - B2455 MCPHEE J A A Open Canberra 1958491 Open Canberra 1958500 ------

90 COMING TO AUSTRALIA John Claude McPhee, Chap Leonard Clifton McPhee, Lieut (Sub) McPhee John Claude : SERN CHAPLAIN : POB N/A : McPhee Leonard Clifton : SERN LIEUT : POB POE N/A : NOK F McPhee Bairnsdale VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee Donald B2455 MCPHEE J C 1914 - 1920 B2455 MCPHEE L C Open Canberra 1958506 Open Canberra 1958519 ------John Henry McPhee, 3107 Lindsay McPhee, 60011 McPhee John Henry : SERN DEPOT S3107 : POB Naracoorte SA : POE Naracoorte SA : NOK F McPhee McPhee Lindsay : SERN 60011 : POB Sydney NSW : John POE Sydney NSW : NOK F McPhee Donald B2455 MCPHEE J H B2455 MCPHEE L Open Canberra 1958509 Open Canberra 1958521 ------John Malcolm Joseph McPhee, 3191 Malcolm McPhee, POB McPhee John Malcolm Joseph : SERN 3191 : POB McPhee Malcolm : SERN DEPOT : POB Bourke NSW : Bourke NSW : POE Dubbo NSW : NOK McPhee POE Orange NSW : NOK B McPhee Norman Norman B2455 MCPHEE M B2455 MCPHEE J M J Open Canberra 1958523 Open Canberra 1958511 ------Malcolm McPhee, 431 John William McPhee 766 2367 McPhee Malcolm : SERN 431 : POB Hobart TAS : POE McPhee John William : SERN 766 2367 : POB Bell QLD Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Elsie Mary : POE Dalby QLD : NOK M McPhee Sarah B2455 MCPHEE M B2455 MCPHEE J W Open Canberra 1958524 Open Canberra 1958513 ------Malcolm McPhee, 4905 Kenneth McPhee, 871 McPhee Malcolm : SERN 4905 : POB Glasgow Scotland : McPhee Kenneth : SERN 871 : POB Landsborough VIC : POE Liverpool NSW : NOK F McPhee Alexander POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Selina B2455 MCPHEE M B2455 MCPHEE K Open Canberra 1958526 Open Canberra 1958514 ------Malcolm Angus McPhee, Lieut (Sub) Kenneth Ernest McPhee, 5381 McPhee Malcolm Angus : SERN LIEUT : POB Mackay McPhee Kenneth Ernest : SERN 5381 : POB Sydney QLD : POE Rockhampton QLD : NOK B McPhee NSW : POE Bathurst NSW : NOK M McPhee Elizabeth Donald B2455 MCPHEE K E B2455 MCPHEE M A Open Canberra 1958517 Open Canberra 1958528 ------

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 91 Malcolm Leslie McPhee, POB Neil Campbell McPhee, 2954 McPhee Malcolm Leslie : SERN DEPOT : POB Southgate McPhee Neil Campbell : SERN 2954 : POB Glasgow NSW : POE Lismore NSW : NOK McPhee Duncan Scotland : POE Sydney NSW : NOK F McPhee Alexander B2455 MCPHEE M L B2455 MCPHEE N C Open Canberra 1958530 Open Canberra 1958544 ------Malcolm McPhee, POB Norman McPhee, 758 McPhee Malcolm : SERN DEPOT : POB Bourke NSW : McPhee Norman : SERN 758 : POB Hamilton VIC : POE POE Orange NSW : NOK B McPhee Norman Hamilton VIC : NOK F McPhee William B2455 MCPHEE M B2455 MCPHEE N Open Canberra 1958523 Open Canberra 1958545 ------Malcolm McPhee, 431 Norman Donald McPhee, 3870 3878 McPhee Malcolm : SERN 431 : POB Hobart TAS : POE McPhee Norman Donald : SERN 3870 3878 : POB Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Elsie Mary Melbourne VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee Richard B2455 MCPHEE M B2455 MCPHEE N D Open Canberra 1958524 Open Canberra 1958547 ------Michael McPhee, 138 Percy Alexander McPhee, 31 POB McPhee Reginald Michael : SERN 138 : POB Seymour VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Louise McPhee Percy Alexander : SERN DEPOT 31 : POB Wollongong NSW : POE Sydney NSW : NOK W McPhee B2455 MCPHEE R M Gertrude Maud Open Canberra 1958518 B2455 MCPHEE P A ------Open Canberra 1958548 Michael McPhee 6814 ------McPhee Michael : SERN 6814 : POB Renfrew Scotland : Prestn James Wilfred McPhee, 229 POB POE Sydney NSW : NOK W McPhee Mary McPhee Prestn James Wilfred : SERN 229 : POB Irishtown B2455 MCPHEE M TAS : POE Hobart TAS : NOK B McPhee Robert Open Canberra 1958532 B2455 MCPHEE P J W ------Open Canberra 1958549 Neil McPhee, 781 ------McPhee Neil : SERN R781 : POB Auckland New Zealand Ralph McPhee, 1233 : POE Adelaide SA : NOK M Forsyth J A McPhee Ralph : SERN DEPOT 1233 : POB Dalby QLD : B2455 MCPHEE N POE Toowoomba QLD : NOK F McPhee John Open Canberra 1958541 B2455 MCPHEE R ------Open Canberra 1958516 ------

92 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Reginald Michael McPhee 138 Stanley Charles McPhee, 3741 McPhee Reginald Michael : SERN 138 : POB Seymour McPhee Stanley Charles : SERN 3741 : POB Talbot VIC : VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Louise POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Grace M B2455 MCPHEE R M B2455 MCPHEE S C Open Canberra 1958518 Open Canberra 1958531 ------Richard John Valentine McPhee, 956 Thomas Drought McPhee 1756 McPhee Richard John Valentine : SERN 956 : POB McPhee Thomas Drought : SERN 1756 : POB Ballarat Melbourne VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK M McPhee VIC : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK W McPhee Agnes Ann Eliza B2455 MCPHEE T D B2455 MCPHEE R J V Open Canberra 1958549 Open Canberra 1958520 ------Thomas ------Edward McPhee, 3512 Robert George McPhee, Major McPhee Thomas Edward : SERN 3512 : POB Penola SA : POE Horsham VIC : NOK M McPhee Bridget McPhee Robert George : SERN MAJOR : POB Talbot VIC : POE N/A : NOK F McPhee Dugald B2455 MCPHEE T E B2455 MCPHEE R G Open Canberra 1958534 Open Canberra 1958522 ------Victor Alexander Douglas McPhee, 2006 Ronald McDermid McPhee, 50919 McPhee Victor Alexander Douglas : SERN 2006 : POB Moe VIC : POE Swan Hill VIC : NOK F McPhee McPhee Ronald McDermid : SERN 50919 : POB Archibald A Ardnamurchan Scotland : POE Sydney NSW : NOK F McPhee Allan B2455 MCPHEE V A D B2455 MCPHEE R M Open Canberra 1958535 Open Canberra 1958525 ------Wallace McPhee, 30301 Roy McPhee, POB McPhee Wallace : SERN 30301 : POB Sydney NSW : POE Sydney NSW : NOK F McPhee Alexander McPhee Roy : SERN DEPOT : POB Brookton WA : POE Blackboy Hill WA : NOK Collard David B2455 MCPHEE W B2455 MCPHEE R Open Canberra 1958538 Open Canberra 1958527 ------Wallace Hugh McPhee, 1641 Rupert Cecil McPhee, 440 POB McPhee Wallace Hugh : SERN 1641 : POB Scone NSW : POE Newcastle NSW : NOK F McPhee Hugh Neal McPhee Rupert Cecil : SERN 440 : POB Avoca VIC : POE Birchip VIC : NOK F McPhee J C B2455 MCPHEE W H B2455 MCPHEE R C Open Canberra 1958540 Open Canberra 1958529 ------

KILLIECHONATE TO GEELONG 93 Walter Joseph McPhee, 96342 William James Oliver McPhee, 119 McPhee Walter Joseph : SERN DEPOT N96342 : POB McPhee William James Oliver : SERN 119 : POB Mudgee NSW : POE Mudgee NSW : NOK F McPhee Melbourne VIC : POE Adelaide SA : NOK W McPhee Walter Stodart Alice B2455 MCPHEE W J range Open Canberra 1958542 B2455 MCPHEE W J O ------Open Canberra 1958555 William McPhee, 1845 ------McPhee William : SERN 1845 : POB Bowenvale VIC : William John McPhee, 1548 POE Perth WA : NOK S Cochrane Agnes Elizabeth McPhee William John : SERN 1548 : POB Ararat VIC : B2455 MCPHEE W POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee John Open Canberra 1958550 B2455 MCPHEE W J ------Open Canberra 1958559 William Alexander McPhee, Lieut 514 ------McPhee William Alexander : SERN LIEUT 514 : POB William Wallace McPhee, 47126 Nhill VIC : POE Brisbane QLD : NOK M McPhee McPhee William Wallace : SERN DEPOT N47126 : POB Miriam Scone NSW : POE Rutherford NSW : NOK F McPhee B2455 MCPHEE W A Donald Open Canberra 1958551 B2455 MCPHEE W W ------Open Canberra 1958562 William Hugh McPhee, 7648 ------McPhee William Hugh : SERN 7648 : POB Argyll Scotland : POE Melbourne VIC : NOK F McPhee Alexander B2455 MCPHEE W H Open Canberra 1958552 ------

Australian soldiers entering Jerusalem

94 COMING TO AUSTRALIA Geelong, Victoria, 1853.

Fyansford The cemetery at Cille Choirill in the Braes of Lochaber, Scotland. One can see Ben Nevis in the background, and in the centre, the 15th Century Cameron Chapel.

ISBN 978-0-9751980-9-4 90000 >

9 780975 198094