Fundamentals of Threaded Fasteners
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PMPA Member H & R Screw Machine Products Finds Success in Its Wide
Helping Precision Machine Shops Be More Productive and Profitable Helping Precision Machine Shops Be More Productive and Profitable PMPA Member H & R Screw Machine Products Finds Success in its Wide Customer Base and Diverse Machining Capabilities When it was founded in 1976, H & R Screw Machine Products was no more than a single Brown & Sharpe screw machine in a small building located behind the home of founder, David Halladay. Mr. Halladay, who spent years as a technician in several screw machine shops, dreamed of owning his own company one day. So, with the help of his business partner, Walter Randolph, the two opened H & R Screw Machine Products. What started as a small operation with just two customers evolved into a company that manufactures millions of precision machined components each month in a 38,000-square-foot facility in Reed City, Michigan. Today, the company is run by Mr. Halladay’s sons, Tim and Tom Halladay, who spent most of their lives working their way up through the company. “As a company, we all work very closely together and we try to treat our employees like family,” says Tom Halladay, president of H & R Screw Machine Products. “We have many people on staff who’ve been with the company 10 to 30 years, and they’re a major reason why we’ve succeeded over headquarters also features aqueous parts washing systems, a the years.” quality assurance lab and a scrap and oil processing system. The company’s state-of-the-art scrap and oil processing In the company’s early years, 100 percent of sales came system conveys steel and aluminum scrap material from its from the automotive industry. -
2 Simple Machines
Name Class Date CHAPTER 13 Work and Energy SECTION 2 Simple Machines KEY IDEAS As you read this section, keep these questions in mind: • What are simple machines? • What simple machines are in the lever family? • What simple machines are in the inclined plane family? • What are compound machines? What Are Simple Machines? We are surrounded by many different electronics and READING TOOLBOX machines. In physics, a machine is a mechanical device Compare As you read that changes the motion of an object. Remember that this section, make a chart machines make work easier by changing the way a force showing the similarities and is applied. Many machines, such as cars and bicycles, differences between the six simple machines. Describe are complicated. However, even the most complicated how each machine affects machine is made from a combination of just six simple input and output forces machines. Simple machines are the most basic machines. and distances. Include the Scientists divide the six simple machines into two fam- mechanical advantage each machine provides. ilies: the lever family and the inclined plane family. The lever family includes the simple lever, the pulley, and the wheel and axle. The inclined plane family includes the simple inclined plane, the wedge, and the screw. The lever family Simple lever Pulley EHHDBG@<EHL>K Wheel and axle 1. Infer What do you think The is the reason that the wedge inclined and the simple inclined plane plane are in the same family of simple machines? family Screw Simple inclined Wedge plane How Do Levers Work? If you have ever used a claw hammer to remove a nail from a piece of wood, you have used a simple lever. -
Screw Thread Systems
Machinery's Handbook 27th Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS THREADS AND THREADING SCREW THREAD SYSTEMS METRIC SCREW THREADS 1725 Screw Thread Forms 1783 American Standard Metric Screw 1725 V-Thread, Sharp V-thread Threads M Profile 1725 US Standard Screw Thread 1783 Comparison with Inch Threads 1725 Unified Screw Thread Forms 1783 Interchangeability 1726 International Metric Thread 1783 Definitions 1727 Definitions of Screw Threads 1784 Basic M Profile 1784 M Crest and Root Form UNIFIED SCREW THREADS 1785 General Symbols 1732 American Standard for Unified 1785 M Profile Screw Thread Series Screw Threads 1785 Mechanical Fastener Coarse Pitch 1732 Revised Standard 1786 M Profile Data 1732 Advantages of Unified Threads 1787 Limits and Fits 1732 Thread Form 1793 Dimensional Effect of Coating 1733 Internal and External Screw 1793 Formulas for M Profile Thread Design Profile 1797 Tolerance Grade Comparisons 1733 Thread Series 1797 M Profile Limiting Dimension 1734 Inch Screw Thread 1798 Internal Metric Thread 1735 Diameter-Pitch Combination 1800 External Metric Thread 1736 Standard Series Combinations 1804 American Standard Metric Screw 1763 Coarse-Thread Series Threads MJ Profile 1764 Fine-Thread Series 1804 Diameter-Pitch Combinations 1764 Extra-Fine-Thread Series 1807 Trapezoidal Metric Thread 1765 Constant Pitch Series 1807 Comparison of ISO and DIN 1766 4-Thread Series Standards 1767 6-Thread Series 1813 Trapezoidal Metric Thread 1768 8-Thread Series 1814 ISO Miniature Screw Threads 1769 12-Thread Series 1814 British Standard ISO Metric Screw 1770 16-Thread Series Threads 1771 20-Thread Series 1814 Basic Profile Dimensions 1772 28-Thread Series 1815 Tolerance System 1773 Thread Classes 1815 Fundamental Deviations 1773 Coated 60-deg. -
Thread Systems
PRECISION GAGE SOLUTIONS 390 Oser Avenue, Hauppauge, New York, U.S.A. 11788 Tel: (800) 767-7633 (631) 231-1515 Fax: (800) 767-2034 (631) 231-1625 Email: [email protected] Web: www.threadcheck.com Thread Systems A thread system is a set of various thread designations which represent different thread sizes to define the thread geometry for example: Thread Series Designations Metric M Unified UNC, UNF, UNS, UN, UNR National Taper Pipe NPT Aeronautical Taper Pipe ANPT British Standard Whitworth BSW ***Please see page 53 of our catalog or please visit our website at www.threadcheck.com under the technical documents and click onto the Basic Screw Thread Designations.*** There are only two major screw thread systems that are used today: 1. The ISO Metric Screw Thread System 2. The Unified Screw Thread System In countries other than the United States and Canada, the ISO Metric Screw Thread System is primarily used today. Unlike, most other countries the United States and Canada still use the Unified (Inch) Thread System. However, both are moving over to the ISO Metric System. It is estimated that approximately 60% of screw threads in use in the United States are still inch based. Other thread designations such as BSW, BSF, BA, etc. are also still in use today but are mostly produced in the capacity of a replacement part. Threads are manufactured by cold forming, cold rolling, hot forming, cold rolling or by the cut-thread process. The most common manufacturing method for standard fasteners up to 1” or 25mm is the cold forming or cold rolling process whereby both the head and the thread are produced with the material in the cold state. -
Fastener Identification Guide • 4.13 KM • Printed in the USA
HEAD STYLES Hex Cap Screw Bugle Hex cap screws feature a washer face on the Button Washer bearing surface, a chamfered point, and tighter body tolerances than hex bolts. Pan Binding Undercut Hex Bolt Similar to hex cap screw, hex bolts do not require a washer face or a pointed end and have a greater tolerance range in the body. Round Head Fillister Socket Head Cap Screw Socket heads feature an internal hexagonal drive DRIVES socket and close tolerances for precision assembly. Flat 82° Cross Recess Button Head Socket Cap Screw Type I FASTENER (Phillips) Button heads feature a dome shaped head, though Flat 100° this feature reduces the tensile capacity. Cross Recess Flat Head Socket Cap Screw Type IA Flat heads feature an 82° countersunk head for Flat Undercut (Pozidriv®) IDENTIFICATION flush connections. Like the button heads, this feature reduces the tensile capacity. Cross Recess Type II (Frearson) Low Head Socket Cap Screw Indented Hex Low heads are similar to standard socket heads, but with a shorter head for applications where clearance Cross Recess Square GUIDE is an issue. This head configuration also reduces the Combo strength capacity. Indented Hex Washer (Quadrex®) NUTS Carriage Bolt A round head bolt with a square neck under the Slotted head. These must be tightened with a nut. Serrated Hex Finished Hex Nuts: Hex Coupling Nuts: Washer Hexagonal shaped nuts with internal screw Designed to join two externally threaded Plow Bolt threads. Finished hex nuts are one of the most objects, usually threaded rod, together. Combination Similar to a carriage bolt, these have a flat head common nuts used. -
Threaded Fasteners
Threaded Fasteners Introduction If you are designing and building a Formula SAE vehicle, threaded fasteners will likely be used to join the various components and systems together and allow the vehicle to function as a unified machine. The reliability of your vehicle is key to realize your potential at the competition. Even though threaded fasteners have been in use for hundreds of years and are in products that we use every day, their performance is dependent on a wide range of factors. This chapter covers some of the main factors that can influence reliability and is intended as an aid in joint design, fastener selection, and installation. The first portion of this chapter covers several design and installation factors that can work together to improve the reliability of your vehicle’s bolted joints. These topics include, the importance of generating and maintaining clamp load, and how clamp load, along with joint stiffness, can work together to prevent self-loosening and improve fatigue performance. The second portion of this chapter reviews how installation method and torque are related to clamp load, and also includes a comparison between common fastener types to aid in selection. The chapter concludes with a short tutorial showing how to obtain Mil Spec information on fasteners and similar hardware. Disclaimer – Multiple factors on each component in a bolted joint affect its performance. Additionally, service requirements for every joint differ. Each joint must be evaluated and tested for its ability to perform the desired function. The information in this chapter provides general background and does not represent how a specific design or piece of hardware will perform. -
Cord Buckles Center-Release Spaenaur Home Spaenaur 2 All Rights Rights All Reserved
1-800-265-8772 [email protected] Spaenaur Home Full Spaenaur Catalog Contact Us Français Metric Center-Release Buckles / Cord Locks & Cord Ends Métrique Boucles à dégagement central / Autobloqueurs et embouts de cordon EXTRA STRONG CLIP BUCKLE (Clip and Hold) Suitable for webbings of Terylene, Nylon, etc. Special protection against accidental opening. Used on Life-Saving Jackets, heavy Rucksacks, etc. 86 mm 122-A01-1M. Suitable for 40 mm strap of 1.4 - 1.5 mm thickness. The surface of the strap should not be too smooth. Mounting without sewing or rivets. Insert the strap in the clip and holder to the desired length. The Clip Buckle remains in position whether the strap is in use or not, but is nevertheless adjustable. Adjust the position by pushing the outer part of the strap inwards in order to release the strap. The loose end is hidden by the outer 122-A01-1M part of the strap. SPAENAUR Strap Strap PKG No. Colour Width Thickness QTY. 122-A01-1M Black 40 mm 1.4 to 1.5 mm 10 M All CORD BUCKLE Buckles Holder and locking wheel have supplied separately. White Locking Used for bags and clothing. E.g. ruck- Wheel sacks, duffel bags, laundry bags, CATALOG 14 C CATALOG AT sleeping bag covers, anoraks, ALOG 1 swimming trunks, sou’westers. 4 SPAENAUR No. For Cord Size WHITE BLACK PKG QTY. 25 2 mm 122-652 122-655 3-4 mm 122-660 122-663 MOUNTING: After threading the cord through the holder, push in the locking wheel. Knot the ends of the cord. -
Engineered Domestic Lock Nuts
LOCK NUTS Engineered Domestic Lock Nuts Principal Products: Markets Collarlok® Nuts Aerospace ESlok® Nuts Automotive Brake, Exhaust, Fuel, Interior Trunk, Fuel, Strux® Nuts Power Steering, Power Train, Suspension Whiz Lock® Nuts Agriculture Wheel nuts Sickle Bar Guards, Wheel Fastening Nut & bracket assemblies Truck and Trailer Nut & washer assemblies Bearing Retention, Wheel Fastening Nylon nuts Industrial Fasteners used for assemblies All metal lock nuts Lawn and Garden Lawn Tractor Components, Shift Linkages Collarlok® The Collarlok prevailing torque hex or flange nut design offers the reuse characteristics of the proven ESNA insert type. A red nylon collar bonded into the head of the nut provides a prevailing torque type nut with the advantage of high speed assembly using automatic assembly tools. The non-galling collar offers superior vibration performance in standard or metric threads. ESlok® The ESlok red nylon locking patch type fastener has a controlled amount of red nylon permanently bonded to the threads of the standard hex nut and to the center threads of the nut permitting either end entry of the bolt for automatic machine assembly. Parts are easily removed with a wrench and may be reused up to five times. No metal is removed or distorted insuring the tensile strength and non-galling characteristics of an ESlok self-locking fastener. 2369 Schuetz Road Saint Louis, Missouri 63146 Phone 314/ 567-8585 Fax 314/567-7334 LOCK NUTS Strux® Nuts The Strux nuts system provides a completely automated, accurate and reliable method for installing fasteners, as well as eliminating expensive manual secondary operations and increasing productivity. The result is a precisely located threaded hole that becomes an integral part of the steel plate. -
Transiently Stable Emulsions for Metalworking Fluids
ISTC Reports Illinois Sustainable Technology Center Transiently Stable Emulsions for Metalworking Fluids Peter Bittorf Shiv G. Kapoor Richard E. DeVor Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign RR-119 December 2011 www.istc.illinois.edu RR-119 Transiently Stable Emulsions for Metalworking Fluids Peter Bittorf, Shiv G. Kapoor, and Richard E. DeVor Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign December 2011 Submitted to the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center Prairie Research Institute University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign www.istc.illinois.edu The report is available on-line at: http://www.istc.illinois.edu/info/library_docs/RR/RR119.pdf Printed by the Authority of the State of Illinois Patrick J. Quinn, Governor This report is part of ISTC’s Research Report Series. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center, a division of the Prairie Research Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, for their support of the project (Grant No. HWR05191). In addition, the authors would like to thank all of the gracious and helpful staff at the Illinois Sustainable Technology Center for their assistance with data acquisition and analysis. In particular, the authors would like to thank Dr. Nandakishore Rajagopalan for his guidance and support during the project. iii iv Table of Contents -
Surface Engineering of Specialty Steels
ASM Handbook, Volume 5: Surface Engineering Copyright © 1994 ASM International® C.M. Cotell, J.A. Sprague, and F.A. Smidt, Jr., editors, p 762-775 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.1361/asmhba0001306 www.asminternational.org Surface Engineering of Specialty Steels J.R. Davis, Davis & Associates SPECIALTY STEELS encompass a broad P/M materials for structural parts are iron-copper- amount of admixed graphite and the composition range of ferrous alloys noted for their special carbon, iron-nickel-carbon, and iron-carbon. of the sintering atmosphere. processing characteristics (powder metallurgy al- Parts made from these materials respond to heat loys), corrosion resistance (stainless steels), wear treatment with a defined hardenability band. Iron Deburring P/M Parts (Ref 4) resistance and toughness (tool steels), high parts that are low in carbon and high in density strength (maraging steels), or magnetic properties can also be case hardened. Although cleaning and deburring generally are (electrical steels). Each of these material considered different operations, they are often groupsmwith the exception of stainless steels, Designation of Ferrous P/M Materials accomplished simultaneously. Therefore, much which were discussed in the previous article in of the discussion on deburring is applicable to the this Sectionmwill be reviewed below. Additional Ferrous P/M materials are customarily desig- subsequent section of this article on cleaning. information on these materials can be found in nated by the specifications or standards to which The inherent porosity in P/M parts demands Volumes 1 and 2 of the ASM Handbook. they are made, such as those listed in Table 1. special considerations in all secondary opera- Comparable standards are published by ASTM, tions. -
AMS-QQ-P-416.Pdf
00-P-41 6F i“October 1991 SUPERSEDING ~-P-416E 18 Aprtl 1986 FEDERAL SPECIFICATION PLATING, CADMIUM (ELECTRODEPOSITED) This specification has been approved by the Commissioner, Federal Supply Service, General Services Adminlstratlon, for use by all Federal Agencies. 1. SCOPE AND CLASSIFICATION 1.1 Scope. This specification covers the requirements for electro- deposited cadmium platlng. 1.2 Classification. Cadmium plating shall be of the following types and classes, as specified (see 6.2): 1.2.1 Types. I - As plated II - With supplementary chromate treatment (see 3.2.9.1) 111 - With supplementary phosphate treatment (see 3.2.9.2) 1.2.2 Classes. 1- 0.00050 inch minimum 2- 0.00030 inch minimum 3- 0.00020 Inch mlnlmum 2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2.1 Government documents. 2.1.1 Specifications and standards. The following specifications and standards form a part of this document to the extent specified here~n. Unless otherwise specified, the issues of these documents are those listed in the issue of the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (0001SS) and supplement thereto, cited in the solicitation (see 6.2). Beneficial comments (recommendations, additions, deletions) and any pertinent data which may be of use In improving this document should be addressed to: Naval Air Engineering Center, Systems Engineering and Standardization Department (Code 5312), Lakehurst, NJ 08733-5100, by using the attached Standardization Document Improvement Proposal (DD Form 1426), or by letter. AhiSC N/A AREA MFFP OISTRIEHJTION STATEMENT A. Approved -
Download the Table of Contents
contents Chapter 1 introduction 1 1.1 introduction 1 Chapter 2 Wear and friction properties of surfaces 7 2.1 introduction 7 2.2 abrasive Wear 9 2.2.1 low -stress scrAtching AbrAsion 10 2.2.2 high-stress grinding AbrAsion 11 2.2.3 gouging AbrAsion 12 2.3 adhesive Wear 12 2.4 case study: solid lubricants and triboloGical characterisation hereof 16 2.4.1 block-on-ring test for solid lubricAnts 17 2.4.2 fAlex pin And vee block test for solid lubricAnts 19 2.5 fatiGue Wear 21 2.6 corrosive Wear 22 2.6.1 cAse study: fretting 23 2.7 erosive Wear 27 2.8 references 33 2.9 recommended additional readinG 33 2.10 relevant standards 33 Chapter 3 introduction to corrosion 37 3.1 introduction 37 3.2 the pourbaix diaGram 48 3.3 strateGies for corrosion protection 52 3.3.1 conversion coAtings As corrosion protection 52 3.3.2 AdditionAl corrosion protection strAtegies 55 3.4 typical appearance of surface corrosion 56 3.4.1 uniform corrosion 57 3.4.2 gAlvAnic corrosion 61 3.4.3 crevice or deposit corrosion 63 3.4.4 fretting corrosion 68 3.5 recommended additional readinG 69 IX ◆ Part1.indb 9 21/04/13 21.28 Advanced Surface Technology Chapter 4 basic electrochemistry for surface modifications 71 Chapter 6 Guidelines for electro-chemical deposition 149 4.1 introduction 71 6.1 introduction 149 4.2 basic electrolytic processes 72 6.2 material distribution and Geometry 149 4.2.1 hydrAtion of the metAl ion 72 6.2.1 types of overpotentiAl (polArizAtion types) 149 4.2.2 dissociAtion of the solution 73 6.2.2 optimizing mAteriAl distribution 151 4.2.3 interAction