117R Resource Handbook Changes in the 2011 Edition

Thank you for your interest in the Ohio 4-H publication 117R Beef Resource Handbook (2011). The following pages show the areas in which significant changes have been made to the 2000 edition. Pages with only minor changes are not included.

Orders for the revised edition can be placed online at http://estore.osu-extension.org or by contacting Ohio State University Extension, Media Distribution, 216 Kottman Hall, 2021 Coffey Rd., Columbus, OH 43210, phone 614.292.1607, email [email protected].

Visa and Mastercard accepted. To order with a purchase order, please call Media Distribution at 614.292.1607 Monday through Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m.

Ohio only: Ohio 4-H club advisors, club members, and other Ohio residents get the best price when they order and pick up their purchases at their local county Extension offices. Brahman This breed was developed in the Southwestern United States by crossing from India with British breeds. The color of these animals varies from light gray or red to almost black. They are known for their ability to withstand heat and insects.

Brangus This breed was developed by the USDA Experiment Station in Jeanerette, Louisiana, in 1932. Registered must be 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus, solid black and polled. The Brangus breed was created to combine strengths of the Brahman and Angus breeds.

Charolais This breed was developed in France and imported into the United States from Mexico in 1936. These animals are large and white. They are noted for their fast growth and lean meat.

Chianina This breed was developed in Italy and was originally white with black skin pigmentation. Today, they can be any color. They are a large breed that can stand six feet tall. They are noted for their working, mothering, and beef producing abilities.

Gelbvieh This breed originated in Germany. They are solid cream to reddish-yellow in color. These animals are known as a general-purpose breed with good milking abilities.

Chapter 2 — Selection 2-5 This breed was brought to the United States from England in 1783. These animals can be red, white, or roan in color. They are noted for their good disposition, mothering, and milking abilities.

Simmental This breed was imported into the United States from Switzerland, France, and Germany. Originally they were known for being red and white spotted but have evolved and can be any color today. They are noted for their fast growth, milking abilities, and meat quality.

Tarentaise This breed originated in the Tarentaise Valley in the French Alpine Mountains. These animals are solid wheat colored, ranging from cherry to dark blonde, and they have black hair around the eyes and pigmented udders and teats. They are noted for easy calving due to adequate pelvic capacity and small calves.

Texas Longhorn This breed originated from Spanish Andalusian cattle. These animals have long horns and several different color patterns. They are known for their longevity, hardiness, strong survival instincts, and resistance to disease and parasites.

Chapter 2 — Selection 2-9 Frame Size Structural Correctness Current trends in market cattle frame size While it is not emphasized as greatly as it is have shifted toward moderation. Market with breeding cattle, structural correctness cattle should have enough frame to enable is an important selection criteria when them to reach an acceptable market judging market animals. As with breeding weight (1,100-1,350 lbs.) at 12-18 months cattle, look for animals that: of age. Acceptable traits for today’s frame —stand squarely on front and rear legs size include: —heavy boned —moderate hip height (frame size 5.0-6.5) —move with a long, reaching stride —extra length of body —nearly level from hooks to pins —long rump —possess adequate set (flex) to the hocks —have a proper slope to the shoulder

(Figure 2.10a) (Figure 2.10b)

For more information on the selection of Evaluation beef animals, refer to the Pennsylvania of Feeder Calves 4-H Judging Manual that can be found at www.ohio4h.org/ publications or the Ohio 4-H bulletin The selection and evaluation of feeder 103R Beef, and Swine Selection calves is very similar to that of market and Evaluation. This publication can cattle. Keep in mind the feeder calf will be purchased at your local Ohio State University Extension office or go to eventually become a market animal so http://estore.osu-extension.org. meat production should be emphasized. Ohio residents receive the best price One significant difference when when they order and pick up their evaluating feeder calves is that finish, purchases at their local Extension office. or fat cover, is not a priority. In fact, excessively fat feeder calves can be an indication of small frame size or very early maturity.

Chapter 2 — Selection 2-15 Feeder Calf Grading

An important part of raising and Each feeder calf receives two grades marketing feeder cattle in the beef One is a letter grade is given for the industry involves the feeder calf grades. frame size. (Figures 2.12a-2.12c) Because of the wide variation in the type L = Large Frame of feeder calves produced, the United M = Medium Frame States Department of Agriculture (USDA) S = Small Frame has established the feeder calf grading system. This system helps categorize The other is the number designating calves based on differences in body type. thickness. (Figures 2.12a-2.12d) The system provides the buyers uniform 1 = Thrifty, moderately thick information on the kind of calves being throughout, predominate beef purchased. The parts of the USDA Feeder breeding Calf grading system include: 2 = Thrifty, slightly thick Frame Size throughout, high proportion Thickness or Muscling beef breeding and slight Thriftiness breeding 3 = Thrifty, thin through the Thriftiness forequarter and middle part of Thriftiness refers to the apparent health the rounds. of the calf, size for its age, alertness, and 4 = Thrifty, less thickness than its estimated ability to gain weight rapidly minimum required for No. 3. and reach market weight quickly and efficiently. Example A medium framed, healthy Thickness or Muscling with a moderate amount of muscling The thickness or muscling of the feeder would be given a grade of “M-1.” calf refers to the amount of natural muscling the calf exhibits. The thickness grades given to USDA feeder calves range from 1, which designate a calf with a heavy amount of natural muscling to 4, which is a very light muscled calf. Most of all graded feeder calves are muscle thickness score 1. (Figure 2.13a - 2.13d)

For more information on the feeder calf grading system, go to: http://www.ams.usda.gov/AMSv1.0/getfile?dDocName=STELDEV3060890

2-18 Beef Resource Handbook Trimming Feet — Brush the animals when they are • Trimming feet should be done on an up and keep bedding clean. as needed basis. Allow plenty of time Grooming and showing are really fun if for trimming prior to a show. you are prepared and have practiced at • Proper trimming can correct home. Enjoy the time you spend with your structural problems and help the animal. Especially value the time you animal to move more freely. spend meeting other people and always • Trimming should be done by someone continue learning. with experience. Permanent injury or movement disorder can be caused by Exercise inexperience. • Exercise is necessary. It serves to add muscle tone, increase appetite, and Show Schedule Hints firms over-conditioned animals. Use in • Before you leave home—Are your moderation. tattoos legible and are all your registration and health papers in Show Day Preparation order? Prior to show day preparation, refer to the • Are your animals halter broke and do show’s rules to determine what the fitting they work with a stick? Practice at limitations are. Some county fairs do not home makes for a successful day at allow certain fitting techniques. the show. • Arrive at the show in plenty of time. This is the day all the hard work, long — Check-in with the office, give them hours, and patience pay off. your paperwork, and find your tie • Allow plenty of time to prepare— area. about 45 minutes per animal. Rinse — Unload the cattle into pre-made and blow dry prior to this time or use tie-outs if available—let them rest. an alcohol and water or vinegar spray Usually wait to feed and water rinse. unless it’s hot. • Work the hair. — Prepare the stall—try to elevate the • Apply an oil mix and brush and blow front of the bed a little. in. — Put up signs, arrange boxes, and • Apply show foam over the entire body. equipment. Brush it in and blow it completely dry. — Wash, dry, and condition cattle. The foam holds the hair and brings up — Tie in stall with neckties and let the under coat. cattle relax. • Spray on a product such as Base Coat/ — Feeding Clean Sheen or Zoom Bloom and blow — Try to feed the same time each the hair. day—usually when everyone • Any sticky substances such as hair around you does. sprays or adhesives should be applied — Water either before or after near the end of the preparation feeding grain—monitor water period. intake carefully. • Putting up the tail. Some steers are — Feed long hay after the grain shown with their tails bobbed—this pan has been removed in the is OK if the tail bone is short enough. stall in the AM, and in the tie Cows with calves are usually shown out in the PM. with the tail switch long and full, not tied up. (Figure 9.08)

9-10 Beef Resource Handbook BEEFResources

In this chapter • Online Resources • Youth Food Animal Quality Assurance Curriculum Guide • Beef Learning Laboratory Kit

Online Resources

Animal Welfare Agriculture Libraries and Ethics OklahomaOklahoma StateState UniversityUniversity Livestock Livestock VirtualVirtual Library AnimalAnimal WelfareWelfare Information Information Center Center http://westnilevirus.okstate.edu/libraryafs.okstate.edu/breeds/cattle http://awic.nal.usda.govawic.nal.usda.gov Beef Quality Assurance National Agricultural Library Beef Quality Assurance www.nalusda.gov www.bqa.orgbqa.org LivestockLivestock Behaviour,Behaviour, Design Design of of Facilities Facilities andand Humane SlaughterSlaughter (Temple Grandin’s Web Page) (Temple Grandin’s web page) Breed Associations www.grandin.comgrandin.com American Angus Association The Ohio State University American Angus Association www.angus.org College of Veterinary Medicine angus.org http://vet.osu.edu/preventive-medicine/ TheThe Angus Angus Society of Australia animal-behavior-and-welfare www.angusaustralia.com.auangusaustralia.com.au CanadianCanadian Angus AssociationAssociation www.cdnangus.cacdnangus.ca NewNew ZealandZealand Angus AssociationAssociation http://angusnz.comangusnz.com

Resources R-1 BeefmasterBeefmaster BreedersBreeders United United Australian Poll Poll Hereford Hereford Society Society Limited Limited www.beefmasters.orgbeefmasters.org (Herefords Australia)Australia) herefordsaustralia.com.auwww.herefordsaustralia.com.au AmericanAmerican Belgian BlueBlue Breeders, Breeders, Inc. Inc. www.belgianblue.orgbelgianblue.org Canadian Hereford Hereford Association Association hereford.cawww.hereford.ca BelgianBelgian BlueBlue Beef Beef Herd-Book Herd-Book (Belgium) (Belgium) www.hbbbb.be/accueil_en.htmhbbbb.be Hereford CattleCattle Society Society (UK) (UK) herefordcattle.orgwww.herefordcattle.org U.S.U.S. BeltedBelted Galloway Galloway Society Society www.beltie.orgbeltie.org American HighlandHighland Cattle Cattle Association Association highlandcattleusa.orgwww.highlandcattleusa.org UnitedUnited Breeders Breeders www..orgbrafords.org Australian Highland Cattle Society, Society, Inc. Inc. highlandcattle.org.auwww.highlandcattle.org.au AmericanAmerican Brahman Breeders Breeders Association Association http://www.brahman.org/brahman.org Canadian Highland Highland Cattle Cattle Society Society chcs.cawww.chcs.ca/eindex.htm InternationalInternational BrangusBrangus Breeders Breeders AssociationAssociation North AmericanAmerican Limousin Limousin Foundation Foundation http://gobrangus.comgobrangus.com nalf.orgwww.nalf.org BritishBritish BlondeBlonde Society Society Canadian Limousin Limousin Association Association www.britishblondesociety.co.ukbritishblondesociety.co.uk limousin.comwww.limousin.com BraunviehBraunvieh AssociationAssociation of of America America American MaineMaine Anjou Anjou Association Association www.braunvieh.orgbraunvieh.org maine-anjou.orgwww.maine-anjou.org BritishBritish WhiteWhite Cattle Cattle Association Association of of American MurrayMurray Grey Grey Association Association AmericaAmerica murraygreybeefcattle.comwww.murraygreybeefcattle.com www.britishwhite.orgbritishwhite.org Murray Grey Grey Society Society American-InternationalAmerican-International Charolais Charolais murraygrey.com.auwww.murraygrey.com.au AssociationAssociation www.charolaisusa.comcharolaisusa.com Red AngusAngus Association Association of of America America redangus.orghttp://redangus.org CanadianCanadian CharolaisCharolais Association Association www.charolais.comcharolais.com American RedRed Brangus Brangus Association Association americanredbrangus.orgwww.americanredbrangus.org AmericanAmerican Chianina Association Association www.chicattle.orgchicattle.org American SalersSalers Association Association salersusa.orgwww.salersusa.org AmericanAmerican Dexter CattleCattle Association Association www.dextercattle.orgdextercattle.org Canadian Salers Salers Association Association salerscanada.comwww.salerscanada.com AmericanAmerican Gelbvieh AssociationAssociation www.gelbvieh.orggelbvieh.org Santa Gertrudis Gertrudis Breeders Breeders International International santagertrudis.comhttp://santagertrudis.com AmericanAmerican Hereford AssociationAssociation www.hereford.orghereford.org

R-2 Beef Resource Handbook SantaSanta Gertrudis Breeders’Breeders’ (Australia) (Australia) AssociationAssociation Bull Test Stations www.santagertrudis.com.ausantagertrudis.com.au ClemsonClemson UniversityUniversity BullBull Test Test Program Program www.clemson.edu/extension/livestock/ AmericanAmerican ShorthornShorthorn AssociationAssociation clemson.edu/extension/livestock/ livestock/beef/bull_tests www.shorthorn.orgshorthorn.org livestock/beef/bull_tests Georgia Bull Evaluation Centers, BeefBeef ShorthornShorthorn Society ofof AustraliaAustralia Georgia Bull Evaluation Centers, University University of Georgia www.beefshorthorn.org.au/cmsbeefshorthorn.org.au of Georgia www.caes.uga.edu/commodities/beef.caes.uga.edu/programs/georgia-bull- AmericanAmerican SimmentalSimmental AssociationAssociation animals/beefevaluation-centers.html www.simmental.orgsimmental.org IndianaIndiana Beef Evaluation Program, Program, InternationalInternational Texas LonghornLonghorn Association Association PurduePurdue University www.itla.netitla.net www.ansc.purdue.edu/ibepag.purdue.edu/ansc/ibep/Pages/default. Oklahomaaspx BEEF Inc., OklahomaOklahoma StateBEEF Inc.,University www.ansi.okstate.edu/outreach-extension/Oklahoma State University Beef Councils and beefbeefextension.com Cattlemen’s Associations PennsylvaniaPennsylvania BullBull Testing Testing Program, Program, Penn State University Cattlemen’s Beef Board Penn State University Cattlemen’s Beef Board http://www.livestockevaluationcenter.com/ www.beefboard.orgbeefboard.org livestockevaluationcenter.com/ BullTesting.aspxBullTesting.aspx CanadianCanadian Cattlemen’s Association Association www.cattle.cacattle.ca OhioOhio BeefBeef Council www.ohiobeef.orgohiobeef.org Extension and USDA OhioOhio Cattlemen’sCattlemen’s AssociationAssociation Resources www.ohiocattle.org ohiocattle.org ColoradoColorado StateState University Extension Extension Livestock Publications NationalNational Cattlemen’s Beef Beef Association Association Livestock Publications www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/pubs. (NCBA)(NCBA) extension.colostate.edu/publications-2 html#ag_livestock www.beefusa.org beefusa.org National 4-H Curriculum National4-h.org 4-H Curriculum www.4-h.org National Directory of State Extension NationalServices Directory of State Extension Servicesnifa.usda.gov/land-grant-colleges-and- www.csrees.usda.gov/qlinks/extension.universities-partner-website-directory html University of Nebraska-Lincoln Universityextensionpubs.unl.edu of Nebraska-Lincoln www.ianrpubs.unl.edu

Resources R-3 OhioOhio StateState University Extension Extension Fact Sheets The Ohio State University OhioFact SheetsState University Extension The Ohio State University http://ohioline.osu.eduFactohioline.osu.edu Sheets CollegeCollege ofof Food,Food, Agricultural, and and http://ohioline.osu.edu EnvironmentalCollegeEnvironmental of Food, SciencesSciences Agricultural, and Ohio State University Extension Ohio State University Extension http://cfaes.osu.eduEnvironmentalcfaes.osu.edu Sciences PublicationsOhio State University Extension Publications http://cfaes.osu.edu http://estore.osu-extension.orgPublicationsextensionpubs.osu.edu OhioOhio StateState University Extension Extension http://estore.osu-extension.org http://extension.osu.eduOhioextension.osu.edu State University Extension Oklahoma State University Oklahoma State University http://extension.osu.edu Cow-CalfOklahomaCow-Calf Corner State University OhioOhio StateState University Beef Beef Team Team http://cowcalfcorner.okstate.eduCow-Calfsunup.okstate.edu/category/ccc Corner http://beef.osu.eduOhiobeef.osu.edu State University Beef Team http://cowcalfcorner.okstate.edu http://beef.osu.edu USDAUSDA Publications DepartmentDepartment of Animal SciencesSciences http://USDA.govUSDAUSDA.gov Publications www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ansci/index.phpDepartmentansci.osu.edu of Animal Sciences http://USDA.gov www.ag.ohio-state.edu/~ansci/index.php VirginiaVirginia Cooperative ExtensionExtension Publications OhioOhio AgriculturalAgricultural ResearchResearch and and PublicationsVirginiapubs.ext.vt.edu Cooperative Extension DevelopmentOhioDevelopment Agricultural CenterCenter Research and http://pubs.ext.vt.eduPublications www.oardc.ohio-state.eduDevelopmentoardc.osu.edu Center http://pubs.ext.vt.edu www.oardc.ohio-state.edu AgriculturalAgricultural Technical InstituteInstitute http://ati.osu.eduAgriculturalati.osu.edu Technical Institute http://ati.osu.edu Governmental Departments ofGovernmental Agriculture Departments OhioofOhio Agriculture DepartmentDepartment of Agriculture Online Publications www.agri.ohio.govOhioagri.ohio.gov Department of Agriculture TheOnlineThe CattleCattle PublicationsPagesPages www.agri.ohio.gov UnitedUnited StatesStates DepartmentDepartment of of Agriculture Agriculture www.cattlepages.comThecattlepages.com Cattle Pages www.cattlepages.com http://USDA.govUnitedUSDA.gov States Department of Agriculture TheThe CattlemanCattleman MagazineMagazine http://USDA.gov www.thecattlemanmagazine.comThetscra.org/what-we-do/the-cattleman- Cattleman Magazine www.thecattlemanmagazine.commagazine

Meat Science AmericanMeatAmerican Science MeatMeat Institute (AMI) (AMI) Veterinary Science www.meatami.comAmericanmeatinstitute.org Meat Institute (AMI) TheVeterinary Ohio State University Science www.meatami.com TysonTyson FreshFresh MeatsMeats CollegeTheThe OhioOhio of StateVeterinary UniversityUniversity Medicine www.tysonfoods.com/Business-to-Tysontysonfoods.com/sustainability Fresh Meats http://vet.osu.eduCollegeCollege ofof VeterinaryVeterinary MedicineMedicine Business/Fresh-Meats.aspxwww.tysonfoods.com/Business-to- http://vet.osu.eduvet.osu.edu U.S. Meat Animal Research Center NetVet Business/Fresh-Meats.aspx U.S.ars.usda.gov/plains-area/clay-center-ne/ Meat Animal Research Center http://netvet.wustl.eduNetVetCenter for Animal Health and Productivity, http://netvet.wustl.edu www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs.U.S.marc Meat Animal Research Center CenterUniversity for Animalof Pennsylvania Health and vet.upenn.edu/research/centers- htm?docid=2340www.ars.usda.gov/main/docs. Productivity,Center for Animal University Health of and Pennsylvania U.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF) initiatives/center/center-for-animal- htm?docid=2340 http://cahpwww.vet.upenn.eduProductivity, University of Pennsylvania U.S.usmef.org Meat Export Federation (USMEF) health-and-productivity http://usmef.orgU.S. Meat Export Federation (USMEF) http://cahpwww.vet.upenn.edu http://usmef.org

R-4 Beef Resource Handbook R-4 Beef Resource Handbook Youth Food Animal Beef Learning Quality Assurance Laboratory Kit Curriculum Guide This kitkit is is useful useful in in enhancing enhancing the the YouthThis curriculum involved in guidefood animal was designed exhibitions, by educational componentcomponent ofof clubclub meetings,meetings, byeducators definition, for areeducators food animal to teach producers. youth conducting interviewinterview judging, judging andand Youtheducation food inanimal the areas producers, of quality at the conducting skillathons.skillathons. It It includes: includes: culminationassurance and of the animal project, welfare. will sell It includestheir • Educator’s curriculum curriculum guide guide titled entitled animal(s)presentation and stylefood productsnotes with which lesson are “Quality Assurance Assurance and and Animal Animal Care” Care” intendedplans, supporting for human factual consumption. information, and accompanyingaccompanying videotape videotape with with 7 web resources for additional technical seventeaching teaching segments segments Theinformation, Ohio Department and hands-on of Agriculture experiential • Animal medicationmedication product product label label poster (ODA)learning mandates activities. that all youth exhibiting • Animalposter medication product insert food animal projects participate annually • posterAnimal medication product insert A supplemental CD is included for the in quality assurance programming. OSU • Medicationposter bottle and syringe style reproduction of materials to be used Extension provides the leadership for • pipetteMedication bottle and syringe style for educational programs and includes implementing quality assurance programs, • Animalpipette skeleton structure poster supporting materials for the activities in partnership with agricultural education • Animal handlingskeleton andstructure management poster that were not included in the curriculum and agricultural societies. • posterAnimal handling and management guide. • Animalposter part identification poster ContactThe authors your localensured OSU that Extension this guide office for • StructuralAnimal part correctness identification poster, poster focusing dateswould the make program it easy is offered.to consistently Please visitbe • onStructural feet and correctnessleg characteristics poster, focusing ohio4h.org/AQCAimplemented by volunteers, for more information. with the • Wholesaleon feet and meat leg characteristics cut poster guidance of extension professionals, • ColorWholesale breed meat identification cut poster photos agricultural educators, and agricultural • withColor breed breed name identification tags and breed photos trait societies. descriptionswith breed name tags and breed trait • Colordescriptions retail meat identification photos If you plan to use this guide outside • ResourceColor retail materials meat identification master for educator/ photos of Ohio, check with your state’s • leaderResource materials master for requirements due to this curriculum being educator/leader specific to Ohio’s youth livestock project All posters, photographs, and label tags are regulations. laminatedAll posters, with photographs, answer keys and on labelreverse side. Velcrotags are is laminatedincluded for with label answer tags. Packaged keys Please contact Paul Kuber for more withon reverse a durable side. carrying Velcro caseis included for easy for use, information at [email protected] or 614- storage,label tags. and Packaged transportation. with a durable 247-8305. carrying case for easy use, storage, and To order, contact Michelle Milligan at Totransportation. order the Beef Learning Lab Kit visit [email protected] or 614-292-7374 or extensionpubs.osu.edu. 2029 Fyffe Court, 221A Animal Sciences To order the Beef Learning Laboratory Building, Columbus, Ohio 43210. Kit contact: Ohio 4-H Youth Development 2201 Fred Taylor Drive Columbus, OH 43210 (614) 292-9772 www.ohio4h.org/learninglabkits

Resources R-5 Resource BEEFHandbook

for Market, Breeding, and Feeder Calf Projects

Coordinating and Technical Editing Team Jodi P. Black, State Extension Associate, 4-H/Animal Sciences, Ohio State University Extension—4-H Youth Development/Animal Sciences R. Warren Flood, Instructional Design Intern, Ohio State University Extension—4-H Youth Development John Grimes, Extension Agent, Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ohio State University Extension—Highland County Jeanne M. Osborne, Associate to the Chair, Department of Animal Sciences—The Ohio State University

The information in this Resources section was: The information in this Resources section was: Developed by: Jodi P. Black, State Extension Associate, 4-H/Animal Science, Developed by: Jodi P. OhioBlack, State State University Extension Extension, Associate, 4-H 4-H/Animal Youth Development/Animal Science, Sciences This edition has been slightly revised with this printing. It has been brought up to date Ohio State University Extension—4-H Youth Development/Animal Sciences R. Warren Flood, Instructional Design Intern, with corrections and clarified industry standards by Amanda Forquer, Program Assistant, R. WarrenOhio Flood, State InstructionalUniversity Extension, Design Intern,4-H Youth Development John Grimes,Ohio ExtensionState University Agent, AgricultureExtension—4-H and Natural Youth Resources,Development Ohio State University Extension, 4-H Youth Development. John Grimes,Ohio State Extension University Agent, Extension, Agriculture Highland and NaturalCounty Resources, Laura JaneOhio Murphy, State UniversityExtension Agent, Extension—Highland 4-H Youth Development, County Laura JaneOhio Murphy,State University Extension Extension, Agent, 4-HAthens Youth County Development, Nancy Y.Ohio Snook, State Extension University Agent, Extension—Athens 4‑H/Youth Development, County Cooperative Extension Service, Copyright © 2011, 2001, The Ohio State University Nancy Y.University Snook, Extension of Kentucky, Agent, College 4-H/Youth of Agriculture, Development, McCracken Cooperative County Extension Service, College of Agriculture—University of Kentucky—McCracken County Ohio State University Extension embraces human diversity and is committed to ensuring that all research Reviewed by: Andrea Auker, Student Assistant, 4-H/Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Reviewed by: Andrea Food, Auker, Agricultural, Student Assistant—4-H/Animal and Environmental Sciences Sciences, (CFAES) Department of Animal Science and related educational programs are available to clientele on a nondiscriminatory basis without regard Ronnie E.The Silcox, Ohio Extension State University—Department Animal Scientist, Cooperative of Animal Extension Sciences Service, to age, ancestry, color, disability, gender identity or expression, genetic information, HIV/AIDS status, Ronnie UniversityE. Silcox, Extensionof Georgia Animal Scientist, Cooperative Extension Service, military status, national origin, race, religion, sex, sexual orientation, or veteran status. This statement is Jeanne M.University Osborne, ofAssociate Georgia to the Chair, Department of Animal Sciences, in accordance with United States Civil Rights Laws and the USDA. Jeanne OhioM. Osborne, State CFAES Associate to the Chair, Department of Animal Sciences 2019 update: Elizabeth—The Share, Ohio Program State Specialist, University Ohio 4-H Youth Development, Greg Davis, Ph.D., Interim Director, Ohio State University Extension Ohio State University Extension For Deaf and Hard of Hearing, please contact Ohio State University Extension using your preferred communication (e-mail, relay services, or video relay services). Phone 1-800-750-0750 between 8 a.m. and 5 p.m. EST Monday through Friday. Inform the operator to dial 614-292-6181.

R-6 Beef Resource Handbook 3/16—5M—Q00672