DOCSLIB.ORG

The Development Study on Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development for Poverty Reduction Programme in the Central Dry Zone of the Union of Myanmar

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Development Study on Sustainable Agricultural and Rural Development for Poverty Reduction Programme in the Central Dry Zone of the Union of Myanmar MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK AND FISHERIES MINISTRY OF COOPERATIVES THE DEVELOPMENT STUDY ON SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT FOR POVERTY REDUCTION PROGRAMME IN THE CENTRAL DRY ZONE OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR FINAL REPORT (THE PILOT PROJECT) AUGUST 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY (JICA) SANYU CONSULTANTS INC., TOKYO, JAPAN ＾ Monywa Wetlet S4 S6 Ayadaw S13 S2 Myinmu Ngazum M8 M3 Tada-U Kyakse M1 Myittha M2 G7 Salin Chauk G14 Pwintbyu G13 Minbu G12 Pilot Villages in 2007/08 Pilot TSs in 2007/08 Pilot TSs in 2008/09 Photos for the Pilot Projects A Paddy Demonstration Plot under Integrated Crop Management Dapog Nursery, One of Improved Paddy Cultivation Methods: (Pwintbyu TS): Neighbor farmers are invited to see how to make Dapg nursery can reduce seeds by about 2/3, produce healthy reduced area wet bed nursery, how to grow good seedlings, etc. seedlings, and be easy to ferry to the main field, etc. A Paddy dryer (Legaing Village): Using rice husk, they are now Chick Pea Seed Regeneration with An Improved Seeder (Magyi drying pre-monsoon paddy which is usually harvested during the Village): With the seeder they can try line planting and save seed onset of rainy season, thereby needing drying. by about two thirds. Two Types Treadle Pumps: Left one can push irrigation water up Tubewell Drilling (Magyi Village): A construction of well is to over 13m while right one only 5-6 m but very simple structure being done by using traditional method. The water is to be used which can be produced even in their locality. for vegetable irrigation. i Raised Bed Cultivation for Onion (Khaungkawe Village): After Mushroom cultivation (Legaing Village): Mushroom cultivation the training, a beneficiary started full onion growing by using the does not need farmland but a small space only like house knowledge he acquired during the training. compound. This promotion is therefore meant for landless Bokashi Compost Making (Magyi Village): In this demonstration Sorghum intercropped with Rice Beans (Ar La Ka Pa Village): of Bokashi making, they use molasses, rice bran, rice vinegar, Since rice beans can fix atmospheric nitrogen, the sorghum in the etc. to facilitate the decomposition process. left picture has grown well than the conventional one on right. Goat Raising (Ma Gyi Sauk Village): 5 she-goats are provided to Pig Revolving (Mingan Village): 2 pigs are provided to the 1st each beneficiary of a group, and they have to revolve same 5 generation beneficiaries, and they are required to hand over same she-goats to the second generation beneficiaries. 2 pigs to the 2nd generation beneficiaries. ii An Embroidery Training with Equipment Supply (Ma Gyi Sauk Knitting Production (Ma Gyi Sauk Village): Altogether 50 Village): Resource persons are training village women who are members come up to the 5 knitting machines, and skilled interested in promoting embroideries. members transfer the technology to their peers. Guitar Key Production Improvement (Khaungkawe Village): The Tinsmith and Guitar Key Industry Strengthening (Khaungkawe village has been producing guitar keys and try to improve their Village): Provided with some equipment, the villagers produce products given some new equipment. better products. A Children’s Nutrition Center (North Pabe village): The center A Drinking Place (Ar La Ka Pa Village): Every evening about has become a rural development center where various kinds of 100 – 150 cattle and goat/ sheep come to this water, and also village development activities are carried out. around 50 HHs depend on this for their domestic water use. iii Bio-gas Plant Construction (Khaungkawe Village): They are A Diesel Engine Power Generation (Mingan Village): With this constructing the first tank wherein cow dung is to produce bio power generation, the villagers say they can work additional 3 gas to run diesel engine for power generation. hours for their stone ware production. A Primary School (Mingan Village): It was a joint project A Road Station (Village Product Sales Shop: Legaing Village): contributed a lot by the villagers. The children are no longer in The villagers sell their products to visitors for nearby famous need of commuting a far-away school as before. Pagodas, also improving their rural incomes. An Improved Cooking Stove (North Pabe Village): The stove can A Mid-term Review Workshop: A village representative is now reduce firewood by at least 1/3, and also greatly reduce the risk presenting to the floor their activities, difficulties they faced and of fire, which is one of the big concerns of the CDZ population. lessons learned out of overcoming the difficulties. iv CONTENTS LOCATION MAP PHOTOS CONTENTS ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES PREFACE ................................................................................................................................... 1-1 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION OF THE PILOT PROJECT................................................... 1-1 1.1 Rationale of Its Implementation: Limit, How, Preview ....................................................... 1-1 1.2 Mechanism of the Pilot Project Implementation and Role of Stakeholders ........................ 1-1 1.3 Principle of Selecting Beneficiary: “Public Interest & Pro-Poor”....................................... 1-2 1.4 Overall Schedule of Pilot Project Implementation .............................................................. 1-3 CHAPTER 2 DESIGNING OF THE PILOT PROJECT............................................................ 2-1 2.1 Basic Approaches of Designing the Pilot Project ................................................................ 2-1 2.2 Design of FY 2007/08 Pilot Project..................................................................................... 2-3 2.3 Design of FY 2008/09 Pilot Project..................................................................................... 2-6 2.4 Targeted Beneficiary of the Pilot Project from the Aspect of Gender................................ 2-18 CHAPTER 3 TARGET TOWNSHIPS AND VILLAGES FOR PILOT PROJECT ................ 3-1 3.1 Townships and Villages for FY 2007/08 Pilot Project......................................................... 3-1 3.1.1 Khaungkawe Village ............................................................................................... 3-3 3.1.2 Magyi Village.......................................................................................................... 3-5 3.1.3 Ma Gyi Sauk Village............................................................................................... 3-8 3.1.4 Ar La Ka Pa Village .............................................................................................. 3-11 3.1.5 Mingan Village...................................................................................................... 3-12 3.1.6 Legaing Village ..................................................................................................... 3-15 3.2 Townships and Villages for FY 2008/09 Pilot Project....................................................... 3-18 3.2.1 First Kick-off Workshops (on June 16 and June 17, 2008)................................... 3-18 3.2.2 Second Kick-off Workshops (on June 26 and June 27, 2008)............................... 3-18 CHAPTER 4 FY 2007/08 PILOT PROJECT............................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Selection of Beneficiary of the Pilot Project of FY 2007/08 ............................................... 4-1 4.1.1 Selection of Beneficiary for Agricultural Components........................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Selection of the Beneficiary of Livestock Components.......................................... 4-2 4.1.3 Selection of the Beneficiary of Small-Scale Industries Components...................... 4-4 4.2 Consensus Making on the Components of the FY 2007/08 Pilot Project............................ 4-6 4.2.1 Consensus Formation as a Whole ........................................................................... 4-6 4.2.2 Consensus Formation and Plan Elaboration at Village Level ................................. 4-7 4.3 Overall Progress and Components Changed........................................................................ 4-8 4.3.1 Overall Progress at Activity Level by Sector.......................................................... 4-8 4.3.2 Components Changed............................................................................................. 4-8 4.4 Pilot Project Implementation for Agriculture Sector ......................................................... 4-10 4.4.1 Outputs from the Pilot Implementation................................................................. 4-10 4.4.2 Issues Arisen through the Implementation of Agriculture Pilot Projects .............. 4-12 4.4.3 Post Training Evaluation....................................................................................... 4-19 i 4.5 Pilot Project Implementation for Livestock Sector............................................................ 4-21 4.5.1 Outputs from the Pilot Implementation................................................................. 4-22 4.5.2 Issues Arisen through the Implementation of Livestock Pilot Projects................. 4-25 4.5.3 Post Training Evaluation....................................................................................... 4-31 4.6 Pilot Project Implementation for Cottage Sector ............................................................... 4-33
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Damaged Health Facilities in the Flooded Areas Sagaing - (As of 18 August 2015)
    Myanmar Information Management Unit Damaged Health Facilities in the Flooded Areas Sagaing - (As of 18 August 2015) 94° E 95° E 96° E N N ° ° 5 5 2 Nanyun Lay Shi 2 Lahe India Hkamti Homalin Lay Shi KACHIN Homalin Banmauk Homalin IndawKatha TamuPaungbyin PinlebuWuntho Tigyaing Mawlaik Kawlin India Kyunhla Kalewa Kanbalu Kale Taze Mingin Ye-U Khin-U TabayinShwebo Kani AyadawWetlet Yinmabin Pale MyinmuSagaing SalingyiMyaung Banmauk Banmauk Indaw Paungbyin Tamu Indaw Tamu Katha Paungbyin Ah Hlaw Pinlebu Katha Put Thar N Wuntho N ° ° 4 4 2 Pinlebu 2 Min Tha Mee Wuntho SAGAING Tigyaing Kawlin Myaung Gyi CHIN Kawlin Tigyaing Mawlaik Gway Tauk Taw Mawlaik Kyunhla Kale Kalewa Kyunhla In Daing Gyi Kyi Kone Kale Kalewa Kanbalu Zin Ka Le U Yin SHAN Kanbalu Kin Pun Chon (Kin Mun Chon) Taze Hto Mar Pauk Taw N N Inn Din ° ° 3 3 2 2 Kone Yin Taze Mingin Na Nwin Chaung Ye-U Pauk Aing Legend Kin Ye-U Khin-U State/Region Capital Mingin Khin-U Main Town Ohn Ma Tabayin Tabayin Type of Health Facilities District/Tsp Hospital Shwebo Shwebo Kani Station Hospital RMHCANDALAY Budalin Kani SRHC Budalin Wetlet Aing Taung Wetlet Type of Damage Ayadaw Fully Damaged Partially Damaged DAatyaa Sdaouwrces: Ministry of Health Base Map: MIMU Monywa Equipment Needs Yinmabin Boundaries: WFP/MIMU Monywa Township Damaged Place names: Ministry of Home Affairs Yinmabin Health Facilities (GAD) translated by MIMU Sagaing MAGWAY Township Boundary N N ° Map IDM: MyiInMmUu1326v01 ° 2 2 2 Pale Mandalay City 2 Salingyi Production Date: 10 September 2015, A3 State/Region Boundary Chaung-U Salingyi Pale Projection/Datum: MGyeinogmruaphic/WGS84 Chaung-U International Boundary Kilometers [email protected] Sagaing 0 10 20 40 www.themimu.info River and Stream Myaung 94° E 95° E Myaung 96° E Disclaimer: The names shown and the boundaries used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations..
    [Show full text]
  • Lower Chindwin District Volume A
    BURMA GAZETTEER LOWER CHINDWIN DISTRICT UPPER BURMA RANGOON OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT, GOVERNMENT PRINTING, BURMA TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAGE PART A. THE DISTRICT 1-211 Chapter I. Physical Description 1-20 Boundaries 1 The culturable portion 2 Rivers: the Chindwin; the Mu 3 The Alaungdaw gorge 4 Lakes ib. Diversity of the district ib. Area 5: Surveys ib. Geology 6 Petroliferous areas ib. Black-soil areas; red soils ib. Volcanic rocks 7 Explosion craters ib. Artesian wells 8 Saline efflorescence ib. Rainfall and climate 9 Fauna: quadrupeds; reptiles and lizards; game birds; predatory birds 9-15 Hunting: indigenous methods 16 Game fish 17 Hunting superstitions 18 Chapter II, History and Archæology 20-28 Early history 20 History after the Annexation of 1885 (a) east of the Chindwin; (b) west of the Chindwin: the southern portion; (c) the northern portion; (d) along the Chindwin 21-24 Archæology 24-28 The Register of Taya 25 CONTENTS. PAGE The Alaungdaw Katthapa shrine 25 The Powindaung caves 26 Pagodas ib. Inscriptions 27 Folk-lore: the Bodawgyi legend ib. Chapter III. The People 28-63 The main stock 28 Traces of admixture of other races ib. Population by census: densities; preponderance of females 29-32 Towns and large villages 32 Social and religious life: Buddhism and sects 33-35 The English Wesleyan Mission; Roman Catholics 35 Animism: the Alôn and Zidaw festivals 36 Caste 37 Standard of living: average agricultural income; the food of the people; the house; clothing; expenditure on works of public utility; agricultural stock 38-42 Agricultural indebtedness 42 Land values: sale and mortgage 48 Alienations to non-agriculturists 50 Indigence 51 Wages ib.
    [Show full text]
  • Teachers Helping Children Become Better Learners
    Despite the increase in the number of students attending schools worldwide, the ndings of studies are that students are not necessarily learning at level. In spite the heavy investments made in education systems, certain groups of children are still being left behind despite attending school. Are children reading, writing, and doing arithmetic at level by Grade 2? Are they developing language and communication Learners Better Become Helping Children Teachers Learning skills early in life? Are they learning to read, write and do arithmetic (the 3Rs) in the early primary years? Data from many countries including more developed ones reveal large percentages of students not mastering these foundational competencies. More children may be attending school today, but are they, in fact, Learning? ese are stories of teachers from around Southeast Asia recognized by the Princess Maha Chakri Award Foundation. eir stories look at Learning their teaching journeys and how they dene Learning for themselves and their students. Teachers Helping Children Lim Soh Ngo, Brunei Darussalam Become Better Learners Dy Sophorn, Cambodia Encon Rahman, Indonesia Khuonvilay Khenkitisack, Lao PDR Saripah binti Embong, Malaysia Stories of the 2017 Princess an Tun, Myanmar Maha Chakri Awardees Jesus Catigun Insalada, Philippines Sarabjeet Kaur, Singapore Jirat Jamsawang, ailand Leopoldina Joana Guterres, Timor-Leste Phan i Nu, Vietnam Juan Miguel Luz Princess Maha Chakri Award Foundation LEARNING Teachers Helping Children Become Better Learners Stories of the 2017 Princess Maha Chakri Awardees Juan Miguel Luz Princess Maha Chakri Award Foundation LEARNING Teachers Helping Children Become Better Learners Stories of the 2017 Princess Maha Chakri Awardees ISBN 978-616-93648-0-1 Author: Juan Miguel Luz Layout: Ms.
    [Show full text]
  • India-Myanmar-Bangladesh Border Region
    MyanmarInform ationManage mUnit e nt India-Myanmar-Banglade shBord eRegion r April2021 92°E 94°E 96°E Digboi TaipiDuidam Marghe rita Bom dLa i ARUN ACHALPRADESH N orthLakhimpur Pansaung ARUN ACHAL Itanagar PRADESH Khonsa Sibsagar N anyun Jorhat INDIA Mon DonHee CHINA Naga BANGLA Tezpur DESH Self-Administered Golaghat Mangaldai Zone Mokokc hung LAOS N awgong(nagaon) Tuensang Lahe ASSAM THAILAND Z unhe boto ParHtanKway 26° N 26° Hojai Dimapur N 26° Hkamti N AGALAN D Kachin Lumd ing Kohima State Me huri ChindwinRiver Jowai INDIA LayShi Maram SumMaRar MEGHALAYA Mahur Kalapahar MoWaing Lut Karimganj Hom alin Silchar Imphal Sagaing ShwePyi Aye Region Kalaura MAN IPUR Rengte Kakc hing Myothit Banmauk MawLu Churachandpur Paungbyin Indaw Katha Thianship Tamu TRIPURA Pinlebu 24° N 24° W untho N 24° Cikha Khampat Kawlin Tigyaing Aizawal Tonzang Mawlaik Rihkhawdar Legend Ted im Kyunhla State/RegionCapital Serc hhip Town Khaikam Kalewa Kanbalu Ge neralHospital MIZORAM Kale W e bula TownshipHospital Taze Z e eKone Bord eCrossing r Falam Lunglei Mingin AirTransport Facility Y e -U Khin-U Thantlang Airport Tabayin Rangamati Hakha Shwebo TownshipBoundary SaingPyin KyaukMyaung State/RegionBoundary Saiha Kani BANGLA Budalin W e tlet BoundaryInternational Ayadaw MajorRoad Hnaring Surkhua DESH Sec ondaryRoad Y inmarbin Monywa Railway Keranirhat SarTaung Rezua Salingyi Chaung-U Map ID: MIMU1718v01 22° N 22° Pale Myinmu N 22° Lalengpi Sagaing Prod uctionApril62021 Date: Chin PapeSize r A4 : Projec tion/Datum:GCS/WGS84 Chiringa State Myaung SourcData Departme e : ofMe nt dService ical s, Kaladan River Kaladan TheHumanitarian ExchangeData Matupi Magway BasemMIMU ap: PlaceName General s: Adm inistrationDepartme (GAD)and field nt Cox'sBazar Region sourcTransliteration e s.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Around the Sagaing Township in Kon-Baung Period All Authors Moe
    Title Around the Sagaing Township in Kon-baung Period All Authors Moe Moe Oo Publication Type Local Publication Publisher (Journal name, Myanmar Historical Research Journal, No-21 issue no., page no etc.) Sagaing Division was inhabited by Stone Age people. Sagaing town was a place where the successive kings of Pagan, Innwa and Kon-baungs period constructed religious buildings. Hence it can be regarded as an important place not only for military matters, but also for the administration of the kingdom. Moreover, a considerable number of foreigners were Siamese, Yuns and Manipuris also settled in Sagaing township. Its population was higher than that of Innwa and Abstract lower than that of Amarapura. Therefore, it can be regarded as a medium size town. Agriculture has been the backbone of Sagaing township’s economy since the Pagan period. The Sagaing must have been prosperous but the deeds of land and other mortgages highlight the economic difficulties of the area. It is learnt from the documents concerning legal cases that arose in this area. As Sagaing was famous for its silverware industry, silk-weaving and pottery, it can be concluded that the cultural status was high. Keywords Historical site, military forces, economic aspect, cultural heigh Citation Issue Date 2011 Myanmar Historical Research Journal, No-21, June 2011 149 Around the Sagaing Township in Kon-baung Period By Dr. Moe Moe Oo1 Background History Sagaing Division comprises the tracts between Ayeyarwady and Chindwin rivers, and the earliest fossil remains and remains of Myanmar’s prehistoric culture have been discovered there. A fossilized mandible of a primate was discovered in April 1978 from the Pondaung Formation, a mile to the northwest of Mogaung village, Pale township, Sagaing township.
    [Show full text]
  • Myanmar Traditional Egg-Tapping Game in Ayemyawady Quarter, Sagaing
    Myanmar Traditional Egg-Tapping Game in Ayemyawady Quarter, Sagaing Thandar Swe * Abstract Myanmar has a long history of art, literature and music. Cultural festivals are held throughout the year in various places in various seasons. This paper presents the information of the festival of Egg-Tapping Game that has been held every year at Zinamanaung Bronze Buddha in Ayemyawady Quarter, Sagaing. Through the studies of traditional festivals, the culture of Myanmar can be seen. This festival makes friendship, unity, equality of gives and takes, and happiness for them. This paper also intends to encourage the new generations to maintain the tradition of cultural festivals. Studies for this paper are done using reference books and also through field research. Key words: Egg-Tapping Game, Ayemyawady , Sagaing. Introduction Sagaing Township is located within latitudes 21 13N and 21 15N and between longitudes 95 3´ E and 96 36´ E. It falls within the dry zone. It is situated in north of Yangon, 373 miles by road and 398 miles by rail 586 miles by water. Sagaing Township stands 228.009 feet above sea level. Sagaing Township is bounded by Mandalay Township on the east, Tada-U Township on the south, Myinmu Township on the west and Wetlet Township on the north. On the east and west the Ayeyarwady River forms a natural boundary of Sagaing Township and the Mu River forms a natural boundary on the west. On the north is the land boundary between Sagaing and Wetlet townships. The area of Sagaing Township is 485.16 square miles. The residential quarters in the urban area of the Sagaing town are: 1.Pabetan, 2.Seingon, 3.Tagaung, 4.Minlan, 5.Moeza, 6.Ayemyawady, 7.Potan, 8.Nandawin, 9.Daweizay, * Associate Professor, Dr, Department of Oriental Studies, Yadanabon University 10.Myothit, 11.Ywahtaung, 12.Htonbo, 13.Thawtapan, 14.Parami, 15.Nilar, 16.Pattamya, 17.Shweminwun, 18.Zeyar, 19.Miyahtar, 20.Pyukan, 21.Kyauksit, 22.Magyisin, 23.Magyigon, 24.Tintate, and 25.Sitee.
    [Show full text]
  • TRENDS in SAGAING Photo Credits
    Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN SAGAING Photo Credits William Pryor Mithulina Chatterjee Myanmar Survey Research The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN SAGAING UNDP MYANMAR The State of Local Governance: Trends in Sagaing - UNDP Myanmar 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive summary 1 - 3 1. Introduction 4 - 5 2. Methodology 6 - 8 3. Sagaing Region overview and regional governance institutions 9 - 24 3.1 Geography 11 3.2 Socio-economic background 11 3.3 Demographic information 12 3.4 Sagaing Region historical context 14 3.5 Representation of Sagaing Region in the Union Hluttaws 17 3.6 Sagaing Region Legislative and Executive Structures 19 3.7 Naga Self-Administered Zone 21 4. Overview of the participating townships 25 - 30 4.1 Introduction to the townships 26 4.1.1 Kanbalu Township 27 4.1.2 Kalewa Township 28 4.1.3 Monywa Township 29 4.1.4 Lahe Township (in the Naga SAZ) 30 5. Governance at the frontline – participation in planning, responsiveness for local service provision, and accountability in Sagaing Region 31- 81 5.1 Development planning and participation 32 5.1.1 Planning Mechanisms 32 5.1.2 Citizens' perspectives on development priorities 45 5.1.3 Priorities identified at the township level 49 5.2 Basic services - access and delivery 50 5.2.1 General Comments on Service Delivery 50 5.2.2 Health Sector Services 50 5.2.3 Education Sector Services 60 5.2.4 Drinking Water Supply Services 68 5.3 Transparency and accountability 72 5.3.1 Citizens' knowledge of governance structures 72 5.3.2 Citizen access to information relevant to accountability 76 5.3.3 Safe, productive venues for voicing opinions 79 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Buddhism in the Late Konbaung Period(1819-1885)
    BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) PhD DISSERTATION KO KO NAING DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY UNIVERSITY OF MANDALAY MYANMAR JUNE, 2010 BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) University of Mandalay BUDDHISM IN THE LATE KONBAUNG PERIOD(1819-1885) A Dissertation Submitted to the University of Mandalay In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in History Department of History Ko Ko Naing 4 PhD(R)-Hist-22 Mandalay, Myanmar June, 2010 ABSTRACT This paper is an analysis of Buddhism in the late Konbaung Period. How Buddhism was introduced into Myanmar is discussed. How the Myanmars professed a mixture of Buddhism and their traditional beliefs is explained. Among the seven kings who supported the Religion in Myanmar, two—Kings Badon and Mindon—reigned in the late Konbaung Period. King Badon’s personal views and progressive ideas concerning the Religion are touched upon. How the kings purified the Religion partly to facilitate their rule is discussed. The monks formed separate sects in the late Konbaung period even though they did not differ from one another in robes, literature, doctrine or goal. However, the kings’ support was important for a sect to stand on its own. In the late Konbaung Period, the Fifth Buddhist Synod, which was the first Buddhist Synod held in Myanmar, was convened. That the Buddhist synod convened by King Mindon was not necessary for the Religion and that he convened it only to defy the British who had annexed Lower Myanmar and to assume the title Pyinsama Thangayanatin Mintaya (the Convener of the Fifth Buddhist Synod) are discussed.
    [Show full text]
  • Western Myanmar
    ©Lonely Planet Publications Pty Ltd Western Myanmar Why Go? Rakhaing State . 270 Travelling in Rakhaing (Arakan) State, bordering Bangla- Ngapali Beach . .270 desh and cut off from the rest of Myanmar by a 600-mile Thandwe . .274 long mountain range, almost feels like you’re in a diff erent country – which, in fact, it once was. The landscape is tropi- Sittwe (Akyab) . .275 cally lush, proud locals speak the Rakhaing language, the Mrauk U food comes with more chilli, and the mix of cultures refl ects (Myohaung) . .279 the Indian subcontinent. Around Mrauk U . 286 Few tourists head this way and most who do confi ne Chin State . 287 themselves to the relaxing resorts of Ngapali Beach where the pristine sand is lapped by the turquoise waters of the Mt Victoria (Nat Ma Taung) . .287 Bay of Bengal. The more adventurous head to the state’s scrappy, atmospheric capital Sittwe (Akyab) and the old Kalaymyo (Kalay) . 288 Rakhaing capital of Mrauk U (Myohaung), an amazing ar- chaeological site, studded with hundreds of temples. Looming to the north is elusive, underdeveloped Chin Best Places to State, a richly traditional area where travel requires govern- Stay ment permits, although it’s easy to get a taste of Chin life at riverine villages accessed on boat trips from Mrauk U. » Royal Beach Motel (p 272 ) » Pleasant View Resort (p 272 ) When to Go » Shwe Thazin Hotel (p 277 ) Those wishing to risk the heat or rains outside the high » Mrauk U Princess Hotel season (November to March) will fi nd that downpours or (p 284 ) jellyfi sh will discourage much fun at Ngapali Beach.
    [Show full text]
  • Myanmar : Administration and UNHCR Offices (2017)
    Myanmar : Administration and UNHCR Offices (2017) Nawngmun Puta-O Machanbaw Khaunglanhpu Nanyun Sumprabum Lahe Tanai INDIA Tsawlaw Hkamti Kachin Chipwi Injangyang Hpakan Myitkyina Lay Shi Myitkyina CHINA Mogaung Waingmaw Homalin Mohnyin Banmauk Bhamo Paungbyin Bhamo Tamu Indaw Shwegu Momauk Pinlebu Katha Sagaing Mansi Muse Wuntho Konkyan Kawlin Tigyaing Namhkan Tonzang Mawlaik Laukkaing Mabein Kutkai Hopang Tedim Kyunhla Hseni Manton Kunlong Kale Kalewa Kanbalu Mongmit Namtu Taze Mogoke Namhsan Lashio Mongmao Falam Mingin Thabeikkyin Ye-U Khin-U Shan (North) ThantlangHakha Tabayin Hsipaw Namphan ShweboSingu Kyaukme Tangyan Kani Budalin Mongyai Wetlet Nawnghkio Ayadaw Gangaw Madaya Pangsang Chin Yinmabin Monywa Pyinoolwin Salingyi Matman Pale MyinmuNgazunSagaing Kyethi Monghsu Chaung-U Mongyang MYANMAR Myaung Tada-U Mongkhet Tilin Yesagyo Matupi Myaing Sintgaing Kyaukse Mongkaung VIET NAM Mongla Pauk MyingyanNatogyi Myittha Mindat Pakokku Mongping Paletwa Taungtha Shan (South) Laihka Kunhing Kengtung Kanpetlet Nyaung-U Saw Ywangan Lawksawk Mongyawng MahlaingWundwin Buthidaung Mandalay Seikphyu Pindaya Loilen Shan (East) Buthidaung Kyauktaw Chauk Kyaukpadaung MeiktilaThazi Taunggyi Hopong Nansang Monghpyak Maungdaw Kalaw Nyaungshwe Mrauk-U Salin Pyawbwe Maungdaw Mongnai Monghsat Sidoktaya Yamethin Tachileik Minbya Pwintbyu Magway Langkho Mongpan Mongton Natmauk Mawkmai Sittwe Magway Myothit Tatkon Pinlaung Hsihseng Ngape Minbu Taungdwingyi Rakhine Minhla Nay Pyi Taw Sittwe Ann Loikaw Sinbaungwe Pyinma!^na Nay Pyi Taw City Loikaw LAOS Lewe
    [Show full text]
  • Atula Hsayadaw Shin Yasa: a Critical Biography of an Eighteenth-Century Burmese Monk
    Atula Hsayadaw Shin Yasa: a Critical Biography of an Eighteenth‐Century Burmese Monk (version 1.1) April 02, 2012 Alexey Kirichenko One of the few relatively well-known episodes in the eighteenth-century history of monastic Buddhism in Burma is the debate on how novices should be dressed when going outside of the monastery to collect alms food.1 Sometimes referred to as the ekaṃsika-pārupana or the “one shoulder” vs. the “two shoulder” controversy, the debate revolved around the issue of whether novices should wear their robes in the same fashion as the monks or whether they should be dressed in a specifically distinct manner. According to a number of influential Burmese sources, this issue caused a serious rift in the saṃgha, which lasted for almost a century and was remedied only through resolute actions of King Badon-min (Bodawpaya, 1782–1819). As a subject for debate and a cause for monastic reform, the “one shoulder” vs. the “two shoulder” controversy seems a typical case for Theravādin monasticism. The tendency of Theravāda monks to emphasize seemingly minor issues of discipline or ritual practice over the matters of doctrine is long noted in the literature.2 Such matters as the manner of wearing the robe or carrying the alms bowl, the acceptability of wearing footwear (in general or in specific contexts), the propriety of certain types of monastic fans, the permissibility of smoking after noon, the rules for intoning Pāli ceremonial and ritual formulas, calendrical practices, etc., engaged the best minds in the saṃgha for decades. The debates on such issues were usually fueled by inter-monastic competition and provided rallying points for different networks or groupings of monks as well as the justification for dissent in the eyes of lay patrons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Preparatory Survey Report on the Provision of Equipment for Rural Water Supply Project in the Central Dry Zone (Phase 2) in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar
    DEPARTMENT OF RURAL DEVELOPMENT (DRD) MINISTRY OF LIVESTOCK, FISHERIES AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT (MLFRD) THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR THE PREPARATORY SURVEY REPORT ON THE PROVISION OF EQUIPMENT FOR RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROJECT IN THE CENTRAL DRY ZONE (PHASE 2) IN THE REPUBLIC OF THE UNION OF MYANMAR JANUARY 2016 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY(JICA) EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE CO., LTD. (JAPAN) ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS GLOBAL CO., LTD. (JAPAN) 環境 CR(3) 16-003 PREFACE Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) decided to conduct the preparatory survey and entrust the survey to the consortium consist of Earth System Science Co., Ltd. and Oriental Consultants Global Co., Ltd. The survey team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of Myanmar, and conducted a field investigations. As a result of the further studies in Japan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the promotion of the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of Myanmar for their close cooperation extended to the survey team. January, 2016 Kunihiro Yamauchi Director General Global Environment Department Japan International Cooperation Agency Summary SUMMARY 1. OUTLINE OF MYANMAR (1) LAND AND NATURAL CONDITIONS Myanmar is located in the westernmost of Southeastern Asia and bordered with India, Bangladesh, China, Laos and Thai, and facing the Bengal Bay and Andaman Sea. It occupies about 680 x 103 km2 of land (About 1.8 times that of Japan). The population is 51.49 million persons (2014, the 2014 Myanmar Population and Housing Census).
    [Show full text]