Cookbooks by Female Celebrity Chefs
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A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF LANGUAGE AND GENDER IN COOKBOOKS BY FEMALE CELEBRITY CHEFS By KELSI MATWICK A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2016 © 2016 Kelsi Matwick To my family ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I give thanks to the Lord for His abundant blessings. I am also grateful for my chair, Professor Ann Wehmeyer, who has supported and guided me from the beginning of this project until the end, and made each step of the writing process a learning experience. I owe her my gratitude for her dedication and professionalism. I would also like to extend my thanks to my committee members, Dr. Paula Golombek, Dr. Diana Boxer, Dr. Jane Townsend, and Dr. Barbara Pace. Their invaluable comments and feedback made the completion of this study possible. I owe love and gratitude to my mother and my father, Ann and John Matwick, who were a source of encouragement and support. Last but not least, I thank my twin sister, Keri, who kept me going and made the journey that much more fun. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 8 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Review of Literature .......................................................................................... 12 1.3 Purpose of the Study ........................................................................................ 21 1.4 Research Questions ......................................................................................... 23 1.5 Significance of the Study .................................................................................. 24 1.6 Dissertation Layout ........................................................................................... 26 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND AND FRAMEWORK ........................................... 30 2.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 30 2.2 Theoretical Framework ..................................................................................... 31 2.2.1 What is CDA? .......................................................................................... 31 2.2.2 Fairclough’s Three-Dimensional Framework ........................................... 32 2.2.2.1 Text analysis .................................................................................. 33 2.2.2.2 Discursive practice analysis ........................................................... 34 2.2.2.3 Sociocultural practices ................................................................... 36 2.2.3 Gender, Hegemony, and Ideology ........................................................... 37 2.2.4 Summary ................................................................................................. 40 2.3 Model of Analysis .............................................................................................. 41 2.3.1 Lexicalization ........................................................................................... 42 2.3.2 Presupposition ......................................................................................... 43 2.3.3 Interpersonal Function ............................................................................. 45 2.3.3.1 Modality .......................................................................................... 46 2.3.3.2 Politeness ...................................................................................... 48 2.3.4 Language and Gender ............................................................................. 50 2.3.5 Intertextuality ........................................................................................... 53 2.3.6 Topics ...................................................................................................... 55 2.4 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 58 3 METHODOLOGY AND DATA ................................................................................ 60 3.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 60 3.2 Data Selection .................................................................................................. 60 3.3 Methodology ..................................................................................................... 62 5 3.4 Overview of Female Celebrity Chefs ................................................................. 63 3.5 Data Methods Analysis ..................................................................................... 68 4 TEXTUAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................................. 70 4.1 Overview ........................................................................................................... 70 4.2 Lexicalization .................................................................................................... 71 4.2.1 Description of the Food ........................................................................... 71 4.2.1.1 Tradition vs modern ....................................................................... 71 4.2.1.2 Easy and delicious ......................................................................... 73 4.2.2 Culinary Terms and Loanwords ............................................................... 77 4.2.3 Unique lexemes and distinctive phrases ................................................. 81 4.2.4 Recipe Titles ............................................................................................ 84 4.3 Presuppositions ................................................................................................ 86 4.4 Interpersonal Function ...................................................................................... 91 4.4.1 Hedges: Mitigate Imposition .................................................................... 92 4.4.2 Boosters: Convey Enthusiasm ................................................................ 94 4.4.3 Personal Pronouns .................................................................................. 95 4.5 Summary .......................................................................................................... 96 5 DISCURSIVE PRACTICE ANALYSIS .................................................................. 104 5.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 104 5.2 Intertextuality .................................................................................................. 106 5.2.1 The Expert Voice and the Amateur Voice: Ina Garten ........................... 106 5.2.1.1 Expert makes French cooking accessible .................................... 107 5.2.1.2 Expert aligns with professionals ................................................... 110 5.2.2 The Expert Voice and the Amateur Voice: Ree Drummond .................. 111 5.2.3 The Expert Voice and the Amateur Voice: Giada De Laurentiis ............ 114 5.3 Topics ............................................................................................................. 116 5.3.1 Discourse of Cooking for Men and the Self ........................................... 118 5.3.2 Discourse of Time.................................................................................. 125 5.3.2.1 Nostalgia for the past ................................................................... 125 5.3.2.2 How to live in reality: Make it ahead or faster ............................... 128 5.3.3 Discourse of Expertise ........................................................................... 131 5.3.4 Discourse of Authenticity ....................................................................... 135 5.3.5 Discourse of Control .............................................................................. 139 5.3.5.1 Discourse of Control: When to eat desserts ................................. 141 5.3.5.2 Discourse of control subverted ..................................................... 144 5.3.6 Discourse of Food and Feeding ............................................................ 146 5.4 Summary ........................................................................................................ 150 6 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................... 152 6.1 Overview ......................................................................................................... 152 6.2 Findings at the Textual Level .......................................................................... 153 6.2.1 Lexicalization ......................................................................................... 153 6 6.2.2 Presupposition ....................................................................................... 158 6.2.3 Interpersonal Function