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Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Ka Pu‘Uhonua Waonahele Aupuni ‘O Hakalau)

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Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Ka Pu‘Uhonua Waonahele Aupuni ‘O Hakalau) U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Comprehensive Conservation Plan Refuge Forest Wildlife National Hakalau U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Hakalau Forest Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex 60 Nowelo Street, Suite 100 Hilo, Hawai‘i 96720 National Wildlife Refuge Phone: 808/443-2300 Fax: 808/443-2304 http://www.fws.gov/hakalauforest Comprehensive Conservation Plan National Wildlife Refuge System Information 1 800/344 WILD April 2011 Front Cover Photos: Back Cover Photos: ‘Akiapo¯la¯‘au ‘A¯kepa ©Jack Jeffrey ©Jack Jeffrey ‘I‘iwi ‘Io ©Michael Walther ©Michael Walther Ne¯ne¯ Hakalau Forest USFWS USFWS April 2011 A Vision of Conservation Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Ka Pu‘uhonua Waonahele Aupuni ‘o Hakalau) Aia no¯ i uka i ke kua ko‘olau o Mauna Kea ka pu‘uhonua waonahele aupuni ‘o Hakalau. He wahi ke¯ia e hui ai ka¯naka e laulima ma o ke ka‘analike aku, ka‘analike mai i ka ‘ike, ka no‘eau, a me ka mana i mea e ho‘opalekana, ho‘oikaika, a ho‘o¯la hou ai i ke ola maoli e noho ana ma ka waonahele. Ua kapa ‘ia ka inoa ‘o Hakalau no ka nui o na¯ haka e noho ‘ia e na¯ manu ‘o¯iwi. I ke¯ia la¯ ‘o Hakalau kekahi o na¯ home nunui no ka hui manu Hawai‘i ‘ane make loa. Kı¯kaha a‘ela na¯ manu, na¯ pua laha ‘ole ho‘i, i ka ‘ohu‘ohu o Hakalau a ma lalo iki e mu¯kı¯kı¯ i ka wai pua ‘o¯hi‘a. Ua nani no¯ ka ‘ikena a ‘upu a‘ela no¯ ke aloha no ke¯ia ‘a¯ina nei no na¯ kau a kau. On the windward slope of majestic Mauna Kea, midway between summit and sea, lies Hakalau Forest NWR, a place where people come together to laulima, “many hands working together,” to share their knowledge, to share their skills, and to share their energy to protect, to enhance, to restore, and to respect Hawaiian wildlife. Known to Hawaiians as “place of many perches,” verdant rainforest supports the largest populations of endangered Hawaiian forest birds. Crimson, orange, yellow and green hued birds, the jewels of Hakalau, flit through the mist, pausing to sip nectar from ‘o¯hi‘a lehua, inspire joy and wonder for present and future generations. Kona Forest Unit (Ka Waonahele o Kona) Mai Mauna Kea no¯ a ka‘a i lalo, a hiki aku i Mauna Loa, ma laila no¯ ka waonahele o Kona, kahi e noho lewalewa ana na¯ ao ‘o¯pua i ka ‘uhiwai e ho¯‘olu‘olu ana i ka ulu la¯‘au. ‘Ike ‘ia ka ‘io e kı¯kaha ana ma luna loa o ka papa kaupoku i ho‘owehiwehi ‘ia me ka limu. Ma lalo o ke kaupoku koa me ‘o¯hi‘a, e ‘imi ana ka ‘alala¯ me kona hoa manu i ka hua‘ai, wai pua, a me na¯ mea kolokolo i mea ‘ai na la¯kou. Aia no¯ ma ka malumalu o na¯ ana kahe pele kahiko na¯ mea kanu ka¯ka‘ikahi o ka ‘a¯ina, a me na¯ iwi o na¯ manu make loa ma Hawai‘i. Kuahui maila no¯ na¯ hoa ma¯lama ‘a¯ina i ola hou ka nohona o na¯ mea ‘ane make loa ma ke¯ia ‘a¯ina nui a¯kea. On leeward Mauna Loa, where the clouds kiss the slopes with cool gray fog, lies the Kona Forest. ‘Alala¯ and other Hawaiian forest birds forage for fruit, nectar, and insects amongst the lichen-draped branches and canopy of the old-growth koa/‘o¯hi‘a forest, while the ‘io soars overhead. In their damp darkness, ancient lava tubes and cave systems shelter rare plants, archaeological resources, and the bones of extinct birds. Conservation partners collaborate to restore habitat for the native and endangered species across the landscape. Comprehensive Conservation Plans provide long-term guidance for management decisions and set forth goals, objectives, and strategies needed to accomplish refuge purposes and identify the Service’s best estimate of future needs. These plans detail program planning levels that are sometimes substantially above current budget allocations and, as such, are primarily for Service strategic planning and program prioritization purposes. The plans do not constitute a commitment for staffing increases, operational and maintenance increases, or funding for future land acquisition. ‘O¯hi‘a tree ©Lesa Moore Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan Executive Summary Hakalau Forest NWR Background: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) consists of the Hakalau Forest Unit and the Kona Forest Unit, collectively managed as the Big Island National Wildlife Refuge Complex. The Hakalau Forest Unit was established in 1985 to protect and manage endangered forest birds and their rainforest habitat. Located on the windward slope of Mauna Kea, Island of Hawai‘i, this 32,733-acre unit supports a diversity of native birds and plants (27 of which are listed under the Endangered Species Act). The Kona Forest Unit was set aside in 1997 to protect native forest birds, the endangered ‘alalā (Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian crow), and several listed plants. Located on the leeward slope of Mauna Loa, this 5,300-acre unit supports diverse native bird and plant species, as well as rare lava tube and lava tube skylight habitats. Comprehensive Conservation Planning Process Summary: Initial preplanning activities began in 2007. This period included team development and identification of management issues, vision, goals, and objectives. Public involvement began in 2009 with the scoping process and publication of our notice of intent to prepare a CCP. This period involved mailings of the planning update, a news release and website posting, two public open houses, an interagency scoping meeting, and briefings of public officials. In 2010, the draft CCP/EA was developed and circulated for public comment. Notification of this document as well as solicitation of public comment during the 30 day comment period was accomplished through a planning update, a notice of availability in the Federal Register, a news release and website posting, holding of a public open house meeting, and circulating announcements via email and list serves. Refuge responses to public comments received were incorporated as part of Appendix K. Alternative Selected (Summary of Management): Three alternatives were analyzed during the CCP process and public comment review period. Alternative B (the Refuge’s preferred alternative) was chosen for implementation. This alternative focuses on protecting additional habitat; increasing management activities related to restoration and reforestation as well as controlling threats such as feral ungulates, invasive weed species, predator mammals, and other pests; better focusing and prioritizing of data collection and research for adaptive management; and expanding public use activities and collaborative partnering. The vision (with Hawaiian translation) for Hakalau Forest NWR: Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge (Ka Pu‘uhonua Waonahele Aupuni ‘o Hakalau) Aia nō i uka i ke kua ko‘olau o Mauna Kea ka pu‘uhonua waonahele aupuni ‘o Hakalau. He wahi kēia e hui ai kānaka e laulima ma o ke ka‘analike aku, ka‘analike mai i ka ‘ike, ka no‘eau, a me ka mana i mea e ho‘opalekana, ho‘oikaika, a ho‘ōla hou ai i ke ola maoli e noho ana ma ka waonahele. Ua kapa ‘ia ka inoa ‘o Hakalau no ka nui o nā haka e noho ‘ia e nā manu ‘ōiwi. I kēia lā ‘o Hakalau kekahi o nā home nunui no ka hui manu Hawai‘i ‘ane make loa. Kīkaha a‘ela nā manu, nā pua laha ‘ole ho‘i, i ka ‘ohu‘ohu o Hakalau a ma lalo iki e mūkīkī i ka wai pua ‘ōhi‘a. Ua nani nō ka ‘ikena a ‘upu a‘ela nō ke aloha no kēia ‘āina nei no nā kau a kau. Executive Summary Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan On the windward slope of majestic Mauna Kea, midway between summit and sea, lies Hakalau Forest NWR, a place where people come together to laulima, “many hands working together,” to share their knowledge, to share their skills, and to share their energy to protect, to enhance, to restore, and to respect Hawaiian wildlife. Known to Hawaiians as “place of many perches,” verdant rainforest supports the largest populations of endangered Hawaiian forest birds. Crimson, orange, yellow, and green hued birds, the jewels of Hakalau, flit through the mist, pausing to sip nectar from ‘ōhi‘a lehua, inspire joy and wonder for present and future generations. Kona Forest Unit (Ka Waonahele o Kona) Mai Mauna Kea nō a ka‘a i lalo, a hiki aku i Mauna Loa, ma laila nō ka waonahele o Kona, kahi e noho lewalewa ana nā ao ‘ōpua i ka ‘uhiwai e hō‘olu‘olu ana i ka ulu lā‘au. ‘Ike ‘ia ka ‘io e kīkaha ana ma luna loa o ka papa kaupoku i ho‘owehiwehi ‘ia me ka limu. Ma lalo o ke kaupoku koa me ‘ōhi‘a, e ‘imi ana ka ‘alalā me kona hoa manu i ka hua‘ai, wai pua, a me nā mea kolokolo i mea ‘ai na lākou. Aia nō ma ka malumalu o nā ana kahe pele kahiko nā mea kanu kāka‘ikahi o ka ‘āina, a me nā iwi o nā manu make loa ma Hawai‘i. Kuahui maila nō nā hoa mālama ‘āina i ola hou ka nohona o nā mea ‘ane make loa ma kēia ‘āina nui ākea. On leeward Mauna Loa, where the clouds kiss the slopes with cool gray fog, lies the Kona Forest. ‘Alalā and other Hawaiian forest birds forage for fruit, nectar, and insects amongst the lichen-draped branches and canopy of the old-growth koa/‘ōhi‘a forest while the ‘io soars overhead.
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