DOCSLIB.ORG

Index More Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41955-0 — Between Greece and Babylonia Kathryn Stevens Index More Information INDEX Abnu Šikinšu, 273–4 Antimenidas, brother of Alcaeus, 16 Adapa, 98n.12, 99 Antioch on the Orontes, 28, 244, 246 Aḫ’ûtu family, Uruk, 226–7, 320, 324–6 in Akkadian texts, 256n.6, 259–60, 290, Akesines river, 286–7, 301, 309 293, 297, 306 akītu festival, 224, 321 library at, 164 Akkadian language, 4 Antiochus Cylinder, from Borsippa, 26, disappearance of, 370–1 198, 220–3, 251, 258 loan-words into Greek, 17 Antiochus I of Commagene, 72 transcriptions in Greek alphabet, 56–7, Antiochus I Soter 95, 117–19, 268. See also and Berossus, 114–17, 270 Graeco-Babyloniaca land grants in Babylonia, 358 usage in Hellenistic Babylonia, 25 patronage of Babylonian culture, 198, Alexander Balas, 206, 208, 244 220–4, 361–2 Alexander of Aetolia, 205 patronage of Greek intellectual culture, Alexander Polyhistor, 96, 106, 163 206–7, 214, 244, 247 Alexander the Great, 233, 283, 287 Antiochus II Theos, 116, 155, 201, 325, interactions with Chaldaeans, 86, 358 229–31 Antiochus III Megas, 227, 366 Alexandria, 27 patronage of Babylonian culture, 224–5 astrology at, 86 patronage of Greek intellectual culture, astronomy at, 86, 145 206, 242, 244, 246 Library and Museum. See Library of Antiochus VIII Epiphanes, 216 Alexandria; Museum of Alexandria Antiochus IX Eusebes Cyzicenus, 212 Almanacs, 49, 370, 378 antiscion, 72 ammatu. See cubit Anu (god), 321, 323, 326, 352, 354, Amurru, 264 378 Anaxandridas of Delphi, 335–6, 342 elevation in Uruk pantheon, 331, 364 Anaximander of Miletus, 255 in Uruk Chronicle, 356–7, 363 Antagoras of Rhodes, 198, 205, 207, 210, Anu-aba-utēr, member of the Sîn-lēqi- 213, 250 unninni family, 36, 65, 323 Antigonus I Monophthalmos, 204, 240, Anu-aḫa-ušabši, member of the Aḫ’ûtu 244, 287 family, 4–5, 58n.88, 320–3, 351 Antigonus II Gonatas, 155, 207–10 Anu-bēlšunu, member of the Sîn-lēqi- patronage of Greek intellectual culture, unninni family, 323 198, 201, 205, 240–1, 244, 247 Anu-uballiṭ/Kephalon, member of the royal tutors, 211 Aḫ’ûtu family, 227, 324–5, 359n.138 student in Athens, 212 Anu-uballiṭ/Nikarchos, member of the Antigonus III Doson, 205, 244 Aḫ’ûtu family, 226–7, 324–5, Antigonus of Carystus, 203 359n.138, 368 Antikythera Mechanism, 53–4 apkallū, 98–9, 183n.153, 264 432 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41955-0 — Between Greece and Babylonia Kathryn Stevens Index More Information Index Apollodorus of Athens, 161–2, 214 Aššurbanipal (Aššur-bān-apli), king of Apollonius of Citium, 214 Assyria, 181–2, 217, 264, 304 Apollonius of Perge, 214 library of. See Library of Aššurbanipal Apollonius of Rhodes, 211, 243, Assyria, 23, 27, 271 262n.25, 342 intellectual life. See intellectual patron- Apsû, 255n.2 age, royal; libraries, Mesopotamian; Arabia, Arabs scholarship, cuneiform in Aristotle, 283, 299–300 astrologia, 37, 66, 69, See also astrology, in Berossus, 270 Graeco-Roman in Hellenistic cuneiform texts, 312 astrology, Graeco-Roman in Sudines, 275 borrowings from Mesopotamian in Theophrastus, 283, 287, 300–1 astrology, 69–88 Aramaic language, 4, 126, 129, 132, conceptual underpinnings, 66–9 234, 367 relationship to astronomy, 36–8, 60 influence on Akkadian, 127 astrology, Mesopotamian loss of sources in, 23, 27 at Neo-Assyrian court, 62 Aratus of Soli conceptual underpinnings, 61, 64, 66–9 at Antigonid court, 205 cross-cultural transmission, 35, 38–9, 61, at Seleucid court, 206, 214 69, 88 knowledge of the zodiac, 40 Greek influence on, 90–1 Arcesilaus of Pitane, 204 omen-based, 61–2, 65–6, 69–71. See Ariarathes V of Cappadocia, 212 also Enūma Anu Enlil Aristarchus of Samos, 54n.70, 86, 89n.206 relationship to astronomy, 36–8, 50, Aristarchus of Samothrace, 162, 211 60, 63–4 Aristoboulos of Alexandria, 157 reputation in Classical world, 35 Aristophanes of Byzantium, 203, 209 zodiacal, 62–6 Aristotle of Chalkis, 337, 342 astrology, Roman, 87 Aristotle of Stageira, 28 astronomia, 37, 109, See also astronomy, De Caelo date, 40 Greek Historia Animalium, 161, 279–88, Astronomical Diaries 299–300 astronomical data in, 43, 45, 49 knowledge of the east, 279–88, 299–300 Babylon-centrism, 288 library, 151–2, 165–6 geography, 257–60, 279, 288–97, 305–7 on Babylonian celestial expertise, 18, Seleucid kings in, 228–9 33–4, 40–1 astronomy, Babylonian. See also Armenia Almanacs; auxiliary tables; ephemer- in Akkadian texts, 297, 312 ides; Goal-Year Texts; procedure texts Arsinoe II, 209 arithmetical nature of, 49 Artemis (goddess), 337, 366 cross-cultural transmission, 38–9, 45, ascendant. See horoskopos 55–60 Asia Greek influence on, 88–9 in Aristotle, 281, 286–8, 299–300, 302 local differences in, 329 in Berossus, 270 mathematical, 49–50, 56–7, in Theophrastus, 283–7, 300–3 111–13 āšipu, āšipūtu, 184, 320–2, 324, 328, 378 nonmathematical, 48–9 Aśoka Maurya, 154–6 observational, 34, 42–4 edicts as evidence for spread of predictive, 47–50, 54 Buddhism, 156 relationship to astrology, 36–8, 50, aspect (astrology), 81 60, 63–4 433 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41955-0 — Between Greece and Babylonia Kathryn Stevens Index More Information Index astronomy, Greek and Greek scholarship, 102–7, 271–3 borrowings from Babylonia, 34, 39–47, as Babylonian priest, 95–6, 114–15, 117 50–60 as local historian, 347–8 kinematic nature of, 50, 52 astronomical fragments, 109–14 pre-Hellenistic, 39–41 correction of Greek misconceptions, relationship to astrology, 36–8, 60 102, 271 Athana Lindia (goddess), 338, 343, 355–6 geography of, 267–73 Athens, 28, 193, 238, 242, 244 identification as Bēl-rē’ûšunu, 117–19 as Hellenistic intellectual centre, 3, later reputation for astrology, 109, 111 204, 212 period of activity, 96 pre-Hellenistic evidence for stichome- possible reception in Alexandria, 160–2 try, 187 possible reception in Pergamon, 162–3 statue of Berossus in, 110 relationship to Seleucid court, 108, Attalus I Soter, 201, 204, 211, 232–3 115–17 Attalus II Philadelphus, 162, 203–4, transmission of Babyloniaca, 96, 211–12, 214 105, 112 Attalus III Philometor, 211 Beyond-the-river, satrapy Autolycus of Pitane in Akkadian texts, 293, 313 knowledge of the zodiac, 46 Bindusara Maurya, 206–7 auxiliary tables, astronomical, 50 bītniṣirti, 74–7 Biton of Pergamon, 214 Babylon Book of Sothis, 160 Greek knowledge and perceptions of, Borsippa, 26, 198, 358 257, 286 Antiochus I at, 198, 220–4 intellectual life. See scholarship, cuneiform scholarship in, 128, 327 cuneiform; astrology, Mesopotamian; in Astronomical Diaries and astronomy, Babylonian; geography, Chronicles, 313 intellectual; historiography, local in Berossus, 271 Babylonia, 23 Letters between Aššurbanipal and scho- Greek knowledge and perceptions of, lars of Borsippa, 176, 189–90 256–7, 271–2, 286, 301 Buddhist texts Hellenisation, 25. See also Graeco- in Library of Alexandria, 153–6 Babyloniaca Hellenistic sources, 23–7 Calendar Texts, 80 in Parthian period, 132, 134, 293–7, 307 Callimachus of Cyrene, 372 intellectual life. See scholarship, Pinakes, 185–6 cuneiform relationship to Ptolemaic court, 202, 242 Babylonian World Map, 259–61, 305 Carmania Bactra, 272, 286 in Berossus, 100, 270 Bactria in Sudines, 275 Greek texts from, 139 in Theophrastus, 283 in Akkadian texts, 290, 306, 313 Carneades of Cyrene in Aristotle, 286, 299–300, 309 tutor of Ariarathes V and Attalus II, 212 in Theophrastus, 300–1, 309 Cassander, 204, 238 Bād-tibira, 271 Chaldaeans Beqa’a Valley, 287 and Hellenistic kings, 86–7, 229–36 Berossus, 25, 95–120, 192 celestial expertise of, 33–5, 38, 51, 55–6. and Babylonian scholarship, 97–101, See also astrology, Mesopotamian; 106–7 astronomy, Babylonian 434 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-41955-0 — Between Greece and Babylonia Kathryn Stevens Index More Information Index Chronicles, Babylonian. See also Uruk Cyrus Cylinder, 219 Chronicle; historiography, local in Berossus, 100 as sources for Berossus, 100–1, 106–7 generic classification, 352 Damascus, 272–3, 283, 286 geography, 257–60, 279, 288–97, 305–7 decans, 77, 87 Hellenistic kings in, 228–9, 306 degree (unit of celestial measure- Chrysippus of Soli ment), 46–7 invited to Ptolemaic court, 202 Delos, 4, 28, 212, 333–6, 343 possible knowledge of Babylonian birth Delphi, 28, 335–6, 342–3 omens, 72 Demetrius I Soter, 212 Cicero Demetrius of Phaleron, 147–9, 238–9, on Babylonian astrology, 34, 71 243 Cleanthes of Assos, 202 Demetrius Poliorcetes, 350 Clement of Alexandria, 157 Diodorus Siculus Cleostratus of Tenedos, 39 cross-cultural comparisons, 18, 20–1 Coele Syria on Chaldaean celestial expertise, 34, 67, in Berossus, 105, 270 70, 84, 86, 87 in Theophrastus, 287, 303 on Chaldaeans, 18, 20–1, 229 constellations on Greek scholars at Hellenistic courts, as bītniṣirti, 75 204, 240 Greek borrowings from Mesopotamia, Diogenes of Seleucia, 206 39–40 divination, celestial. See astrology in astrological geography, 65 dodekatemoria, 79–80, 85, 88, 379, See in astrological medicine, 83 also microzodiac linked to zones of the liver, 232n.103 Dorotheus of Sidon, 77, 79 Lock of Berenice, 86 Dynastic Prophecy, 100, 107 zodiacal, 40, 46, 73, 382 Craterus of Antioch, 212 Ea (god), 183 Crates of Mallos Eanna temple, Uruk, 320, 327n.29, 331n.46 at Attalid court, 203 Eber-nāri. See Beyond-the-river interest in Chaldaeans, 162 Ecbatana, 272 cross-cultural connections eclipses Greek world and Babylonia Greek use of Babylonian data and meth- ancient approaches to, 17–18, 21 ods, 41–5, 53–4 modern historiography of, 9, 16–22 observation in Babylonia, 42–3 through borrowing and influence, ominous significance, 42, 70–1 16–20, 33–195, 267–76 prediction of, 53–4 through comparativism, 20–2 ecliptic, 46, 53, 74–5, 79–80, 379 through structural similarity, 2, 16, 22, Egypt, 55, 217 30–2, 196–4, 276–377 as land of thaumata, 300 Ctesias in Akkadian texts, 258, 266, 293, 297 as source for Aristotle, 287–8, 300 in Aristotle, 286, 300 cubit (unit of celestial measurement), 45–6 in Berossus, 270 cuneiform script, 25, 131, 370–1, 379.
Recommended publications
  • Copyright by Hal Victor Cardiff III 2015

    Copyright by Hal Victor Cardiff III 2015

    Copyright by Hal Victor Cardiff III 2015 The Thesis Committee for Hal Victor Cardiff III Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Drinking with the Dead: Odyssean Nekuomanteia and Sympotic Sophrosyne in Classical Greek Vase Painting APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Nassos Papalexandrou Penelope Davies Drinking with the Dead: Odyssean Nekuomanteia and Sympotic Sophrosyne in Classical Greek Vase Painting by Hal Victor Cardiff III, B.A. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts The University of Texas at Austin May 2015 Abstract Drinking with the Dead: Odyssean Nekuomanteia and Sympotic Sophrosyne in Classical Greek Vase Painting Hal Victor Cardiff III, M.A. The University of Texas at Austin, 2015 Supervisor: Nassos Papalexandrou Though the episode is well known from Book 11 of the Odyssey (11.23-330, 385- 567), only two painted vases survive from antiquity that clearly depict Odysseus' nekuomanteion ("consultation with the dead"): a mid-fifth century Attic pelike by the Lykaon Painter (Boston, MFA: 34.79), and an early-fourth century Lucanian kalyx-krater by the Dolon Painter (Paris, Bibliothèque nationale: 422). Owing to their rarity, these images have long interested scholars, but what has largely been missing from the discussion are attempts to situate the vase paintings of necromancy within a context of use. This thesis places these objects at their original functional context of the symposium, the ancient Greek, all-male drinking party. Following a hermeneutic method of analysis, I explore the ways in which ancient symposiasts might have looked at and understood the pictorial programs on these two objects as a reflection of their convivial activities and values.
  • In the Wake of the Compendia Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Cultures

    In the Wake of the Compendia Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Cultures

    In the Wake of the Compendia Science, Technology, and Medicine in Ancient Cultures Edited by Markus Asper Philip van der Eijk Markham J. Geller Heinrich von Staden Liba Taub Volume 3 In the Wake of the Compendia Infrastructural Contexts and the Licensing of Empiricism in Ancient and Medieval Mesopotamia Edited by J. Cale Johnson DE GRUYTER ISBN 978-1-5015-1076-2 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-1-5015-0250-7 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-1-5015-0252-1 ISSN 2194-976X Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A CIP catalog record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2015 Walter de Gruyter Inc., Boston/Berlin Typesetting: Meta Systems Publishing & Printservices GmbH, Wustermark Printing and binding: Hubert & Co. GmbH & Co. KG, Göttingen ♾ Printed on acid-free paper Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com Notes on Contributors Florentina Badalanova Geller is Professor at the Topoi Excellence Cluster at the Freie Universität Berlin. She previously taught at the University of Sofia and University College London, and is currently on secondment from the Royal Anthropological Institute (London). She has published numerous papers and is also the author of ‘The Bible in the Making’ in Imagining Creation (2008), Qurʾān in Vernacular: Folk Islam in the Balkans (2008), and 2 (Slavonic Apocalypse of) Enoch: Text and Context (2010). Siam Bhayro was appointed Senior Lecturer in Early Jewish Studies in the Department of Theology and Religion, University of Exeter, in 2012, having previously been Lecturer in Early Jewish Studies since 2007.
  • A History of Cynicism

    A History of Cynicism

    A HISTORY OF CYNICISM Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com A HISTORY OF CYNICISM From Diogenes to the 6th Century A.D. by DONALD R. DUDLEY F,llow of St. John's College, Cambrid1e Htmy Fellow at Yale University firl mll METHUEN & CO. LTD. LONDON 36 Essex Street, Strand, W.C.2 Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com First published in 1937 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN Downloaded from https://www.holybooks.com PREFACE THE research of which this book is the outcome was mainly carried out at St. John's College, Cambridge, Yale University, and Edinburgh University. In the help so generously given to my work I have been no less fortunate than in the scenes in which it was pursued. I am much indebted for criticism and advice to Professor M. Rostovtseff and Professor E. R. Goodonough of Yale, to Professor A. E. Taylor of Edinburgh, to Professor F. M. Cornford of Cambridge, to Professor J. L. Stocks of Liverpool, and to Dr. W. H. Semple of Reading. I should also like to thank the electors of the Henry Fund for enabling me to visit the United States, and the College Council of St. John's for electing me to a Research Fellowship. Finally, to• the unfailing interest, advice and encouragement of Mr. M. P. Charlesworth of St. John's I owe an especial debt which I can hardly hope to repay. These acknowledgements do not exhaust the list of my obligations ; but I hope that other kindnesses have been acknowledged either in the text or privately.
  • Antiochus I Soter

    Antiochus I Soter

    Antiochus I Soter home : ancient Persia : ancient Greece : Seleucids : index : article by Jona Lendering Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter ('the savior'): name of a Seleucid king, ruled from 281 to 261. Successor of: Seleucus I Nicator Relatives: Father: Seleucus I Nicator Coin of Antiochus I Soter Mother: Apame I, daughter of Spitamenes (Museum of Anatolian Wife: Stratonice I (his stepmother), daughter of Demetrius Civilizations, Ankara) Poliorcetes Children: Seleucus Laodice Apame II (married to Magas of Cyrene) Stratonice II (married to Demetrius II of Macedonia) Antiochus II Theos Main deeds: 301: Present during the Battle of Ipsus 294/293: marriage with his father's wife Stratonice I 292: made co-regent and satrap of Bactria (perhaps Seleucus was thinking of the ancient Achaemenid office of mathišta) Stay in Babylon (on several occasions?), where he showed an interest in the cults of Sin and Marduk, and in the rebuilding of the Esagila and Etemenanki September 281: death of Seleucus (more...); accession of Antiochus; Philetaerus of Pergamon buys back Seleucus' corpse 280-279: Brief war against Ptolemy II Philadelphus (First Syrian War, first part); Cappadocia becomes independent when its leader Ariarathes II and his ally Orontes III of Armenia defeat the Seleucid general Amyntas 279: Intervention in Greece: soldiers sent to Thermopylae to fight against the Galatians; they are defeated 275 Successful "Elephant Battle" against the Galatians; they enter his army as mercenaries; Antiochus is called Soter, 'victor' 274-271: Unsuccessful war against Ptolemy (First Syrian War, second part) 268: Stay in Babylonia; rebuilding of the Ezida in Borsippa 266: Execution of his son Seleucus 263: Eumenes I of Pergamon, successor of Philetaerus, declares himself independent 262: Antiochus defeated by Eumenes Page 1 Antiochus I Soter 262: Antiochus defeated by Eumenes Dies 2 June 261 Succeeded by: Antiochus II Theos Sources: During Antiochus' years as crown prince, he played a large role in Babylonian policy.
  • Reposs #8: Mean Motions in the Almagest out of Eclipses

    Reposs #8: Mean Motions in the Almagest out of Eclipses

    RePoSS: Research Publications on Science Studies RePoSS #8: Mean Motions in the Almagest out of Eclipses Kristian Peder Moesgaard May 2010 Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus, Denmark Research group: History and philosophy of science Please cite this work as: Kristian Peder Moesgaard (May 2010). Mean Motions in the Al- magest out of Eclipses. RePoSS: Research Publications on Sci- ence Studies 8. Aarhus: Centre for Science Studies, University of Aarhus. url: http://www.css.au.dk/reposs. Copyright c Kristian Peder Moesgaard, 2010 1 Mean Motions in the Almagest out of Eclipses by Kristian Peder Moesgaard* 1.1: Synodic period relations for the five planets go with eclipse intervals.. p. 2 1.2: A relation for Mercury out of two solar eclipses.................................... p. 3 1.3: For the remaining planets eclipses emerge from similar relations.......... p. 3 2: Suggestions for the move from eclipses to the synodic relations............... p. 5 3: Evaluating the genesis of the Almagest planetary tables ............................ p. 6 4: Mean motions of Moon and Sun............................................................... p. 10 5: The crime(?) of Hellenistic astronomy...................................................... p. 12 6: From mean to true motion of the Sun........................................................ p. 16 7: Overview and outlook................................................................................ p. 18 8: References.................................................................................................
  • Chapter 4 – the Diffusion of Chaldean Astrology

    Chapter 4 – the Diffusion of Chaldean Astrology

    CHAPTER 4 The Diffusion of Chaldean Astrology HALDEAN astrology was diffused far and wide before the fall of Babylon in the sixth century B. C., and it long survived that historic event. Before the beginning of the Christian Era, Babylonian astrological notions had spread into Egypt, Greece, and Rome. W. F. Albright, in the following statement, gives a very brief and comprehensive summary of the facts about it: “The scientific importance of the Chaldaean astronomical records was well known to Aristotle, who commissioned his pupil Callisthenes to investigate them, which he did in the year 331 B. C. In the following decades the Babylonian scholar Berossus, who founded a Greek astrological school at Cos about 280 B. C., made the first translations of Babylonian astronomical texts into Greek, followed probably by others, since it has been lately shown by Schnabel and Schaumberger that Geminus (of Tyre?), the pupil of Posidonius, published Greek versions of Babylonian astronomical tables in the early first century B. C. About 250 B. C. a distinguished Chaldaean astrologist and writer, named Sudines (Shum-iddin), was active at Pergamum. Apparently Chaldaean astrology was favorably received from the outset in most Greek philosophical circles, and even Hipparchus became an adept. “The first Greek to popularize it in Egypt may have been Critodemus, and it was embraced there with such extraordinary ardor that Egypt became the classical land of astrological „research,‟ in the second century B. C. (Cumont, L’Egypte des Astrologues, Brussels, 1937), thanks to the activity of two native Egyptians, Nechepso and Petosiris (c. 150 B. C.).
  • Babylonian Astral Science in the Hellenistic World: Reception and Transmission

    Babylonian Astral Science in the Hellenistic World: Reception and Transmission

    CAS® e SERIES Nummer 4 / 2010 Francesca Rochberg (Berkeley) Babylonian Astral Science in the Hellenistic World: Reception and Transmission Herausgegeben von Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München Center for Advanced Studies®, Seestr. 13, 80802 München www.cas.lmu.de/publikationen/eseries Nummer 4 / 2010 Babylonian Astral Science in the Hellenistic World: Reception and Transmission Francesca Rochberg (Berkeley) In his astrological work the Tetrabiblos, the astronomer such as in Strabo’s Geography, as well as in an astrono- Ptolemy describes the effects of geography on ethnic mical text from Oxyrhynchus in the second century of character, claiming, for example, that due to their specific our era roughly contemporary with Ptolemy [P.Oxy. geographical location „The ...Chaldeans and Orchinians 4139:8; see Jones 1999, I 97-99 and II 22-23]. This have familiarity with Leo and the sun, so that they are astronomical papyrus fragment refers to the Orchenoi, simpler, kindly, addicted to astrology.” [Tetr. 2.3] or Urukeans, in direct connection with a lunar parameter Ptolemy was correct in putting the Chaldeans and identifiable as a Babylonian period for lunar anomaly Orchinians together geographically, as the Chaldeans, or preserved on cuneiform tablets from Uruk. The Kaldayu, were once West Semitic tribal groups located Babylonian, or Chaldean, literati, including those from in the parts of southern and western Babylonia known Uruk were rightly famed for astronomy and astrology, as Kaldu, and the Orchinians, or Urukayu, were the „addicted,” as Ptolemy put it, and eventually, in Greco- inhabitants of the southern Babylonian city of Uruk. He Roman works, the term Chaldean came to be interchan- was also correct in that he was transmitting a tradition geable with „astrologer.” from the Babylonians themselves, which, according to a Hellenistic Greek writers seeking to claim an authorita- Hellenistic tablet from Uruk [VAT 7847 obv.
  • Ancient Fragments Containing What Remains of the Writings of Sanchoniatho, Berossus, Abydenus, Megasthenes, and Manetho

    Ancient Fragments Containing What Remains of the Writings of Sanchoniatho, Berossus, Abydenus, Megasthenes, and Manetho

    AN C IENT F RAGMENTS C O N TAI NI N G WH AT R EMAI NS OF TH E WR I TINGS OF SANC H O NIATHO B ER SUS A Y ENUS , O S , B D , MEGASTHE E E H N S AND M T O . , AN ALSO TI—IR H E R METIC C R EED T HE O LD C H RO IC LE , N , THE LATERC U LU S O F E R TO STH E ES A N , TH E TY R I LS AN ANNA , TH E O R AC LES O F Z O RO ST E R A , AND TH E PE RIPLU S O F H ANN O . I R ES . B Y . P. C O Y , Q B R G F EL L O W O F C AI U S C O L L EGE , C AM I D E LO NDON W I L L I AM PI C K E R I N G . MDCCCXXV III . P C R E F A E . IN presenting this collection of ANC IE NT F R AG M t o the m t wha t ENTS world , so e explana ion of is comprehended under that title is n ot altogether t unnecessary . We are accus omed t o regard the t th e k t Hebrew scrip ures , and Gree and La in t the t d t uit : wri ings, as only cer ain recor s of an iq y et t t n y here have been o her la guages , in which have been written the annals and the histories of t t o her countries .
  • Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, Etc

    Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, Etc

    Author BC AD ACHILLES TATIUS 500? Acts of Paul and Thecla, of Pilate, of Thomas, of Peter and Paul, of Barnabas, etc. at the earliest from 2d cent. on AELIAN c. 180 AESCHINES 345 AESCHYLUS *525, †456 AESOP 1 570 AETIUS c. 500 AGATHARCHIDES 117? ALCAEUS MYTILENAEUS 610 ALCIPHRON 200? ALCMAN 610 ALEXIS 350 AMBROSE, Bp. of Milan 374 AMMIANUS MARCELLINUS †c. 400 AMMONIUS, the grammarian 390 ANACREON2 530 ANAXANDRIDES 350 ANAXIMANDER 580 ANDOCIDES 405 ANTIPHANES 380 ANTIPHON 412 ANTONINUS, M. AURELIUS †180 APOLLODORUS of Athens 140 APOLLONIUS DYSCOLUS 140 APOLLONIUS RHODIUS 200 APPIAN 150 APPULEIUS 160 AQUILA (translator of the O. T.) 2d cent. (under Hadrian.) ARATUS 270 ARCHILOCHUS 700 ARCHIMEDES, the mathematician 250 ARCHYTAS c. 400 1 But the current Fables are not his; on the History of Greek Fable, see Rutherford, Babrius, Introd. ch. ii. 2 Only a few fragments of the odes ascribed to him are genuine. ARETAEUS 80? ARISTAENETUS 450? ARISTEAS3 270 ARISTIDES, P. AELIUS 160 ARISTOPHANES *444, †380 ARISTOPHANES, the grammarian 200 ARISTOTLE *384, †322 ARRIAN (pupil and friend of Epictetus) *c. 100 ARTEMIDORUS DALDIANUS (oneirocritica) 160 ATHANASIUS †373 ATHENAEUS, the grammarian 228 ATHENAGORUS of Athens 177? AUGUSTINE, Bp. of Hippo †430 AUSONIUS, DECIMUS MAGNUS †c. 390 BABRIUS (see Rutherford, Babrius, Intr. ch. i.) (some say 50?) c. 225 BARNABAS, Epistle written c. 100? Baruch, Apocryphal Book of c. 75? Basilica, the4 c. 900 BASIL THE GREAT, Bp. of Caesarea †379 BASIL of Seleucia 450 Bel and the Dragon 2nd cent.? BION 200 CAESAR, GAIUS JULIUS †March 15, 44 CALLIMACHUS 260 Canons and Constitutions, Apostolic 3rd and 4th cent.
  • A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY of the POWERS of MESOPOTAMIA (Using Dates Based Primarily on John Bright’S a History of Israel, P

    A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY of the POWERS of MESOPOTAMIA (Using Dates Based Primarily on John Bright’S a History of Israel, P

    A BRIEF HISTORICAL SURVEY OF THE POWERS OF MESOPOTAMIA (using dates based primarily on John Bright’s A History of Israel, p. 462ff.) I. Assyrian Empire (Gen.10:11) A. Religion and culture were greatly influenced by the Sumerian/Babylonian Empire. B. Tentative list of rulers and approximate dates: 1. 1354-1318 - Asshur-Uballit I: (a) conquered the Hittite city of Carchemish (b) began to remove Hittite influence and allowed Assyria to develop 2. 1297-1266 - Adad-Nirari I (powerful king) 3. 1265-1235 - Shalmaneser I (powerful king) 4. 1234-1197 - Tukulti-Ninurta I - first conquest of Babylonian empire to the south 5. 1118-1078 - Tiglath-Pileser I - Assyria becomes a major power in Mesopotamia 6. 1012- 972 Ashur-Rabi II 7. 972- 967 - Ashur-Resh-Isui II 8. 966- 934 - Tiglath-Pileser II 9. 934- 912 - Ashur-Dan II 10. 912- 890 - Adad-Nirari II 11. 890- 884 - Tukulti-Ninurta II 12. 883- 859 - Asshur-Nasir-Apal II 13. 859- 824 - Shalmaneser III - Battle of Qarqar in 853 14. 824-811 - Shamashi-Adad V 15. 811-783 - Adad-Nirari III 16. 781-772 - Shalmaneser IV 17. 772-754 - Ashur-Dan III 18. 754-745 - Ashur-Nirari V 19. 745-727 - Tiglath-Pileser III: a. called by his Babylonian throne name, Pul, in II Kings 15:19 b. very powerful king c. started the policy of deporting conquered peoples d. In 735 B.C.. there was the formation of the “Syro-Ephramatic League” which was an attempt to unify all the available military resources of the transjordan nations from the head waters of the Euphrates to Egypt for the purpose of neutralizing the rising military power of Assyria.
  • An Incident of Magic in Heroides 20 and 21

    An Incident of Magic in Heroides 20 and 21

    An Incident of Magic in Heroides 20 and 21 Eva Anagnostou-Laoutides Introduction The myth of Acontius and Cydippe was narrated by Callimachus in his Aetia and by Ovid in the so-called “double Heroides”, a text that was in circulation at the time of Ovid’s exile, albeit in draft form.1 It relates Acontius’ efforts to secure a promise from Cydippe of amorous exclusivity. Acontius’ objective is achieved when Cydippe unintentionally swears an oath by Artemis. However, a closer reading of the two texts suggests that Cydippe’s oath draws on popular magical spells of near-eastern origin, which often included oaths.2 Under the longstanding influence of the Egyptians, the Jews, and the Babylonians, who excelled in the practice of magic, spells ― especially erotic spells ― became widespread in the Greco-Roman world, infiltrating its literary circles.3 During the Hellenistic period, a renewed interest in magic facilitated the cultural interface between the Greeks and the peoples of the East.4 Similarly, although magic was practised in Rome from the earliest times and the Romans were irrefutably familiar with Greek magic,5 towards the end of the Republic, a new array of magical practices that had 1 Call. Aet. fr. 75.33-37 Pfeiffer; cf. Aristaenet. Ep. 1.10; Ov. Her. 20 and 21. Poems 16-21 are often referred to as “double-Heroides” because they contain three cases of erotic couples who exchange letters (see poems 16-17 for the letters exchanged by Helen and Paris, 18-19 for those of Hero and Leander, and 20-21 for those of Acontius and Cydippe).
  • Style of Architecture, Consisting of Hard Backed Bricks, Molded in Such a Shape As to Fit Regularly to Each Other”

    Style of Architecture, Consisting of Hard Backed Bricks, Molded in Such a Shape As to Fit Regularly to Each Other”

    Journal of Earth Sciences and Geotechnical Engineering, Vol.10, No.3, 2020, 87-111 ISSN: 1792-9040 (print version), 1792-9660 (online) Scientific Press International Limited Babylon in a New Era: The Chaldean and Achaemenid Empires (330-612 BC) Nasrat Adamo1 and Nadhir Al-Ansari2 Abstract The new rise of Babylon is reported and its domination of the old world is described; when two dynasties ruled Neo- Babylonia from 612 BC to 330 BC. First, the Chaldeans had taken over from the Assyrians whom they had defeated and established their empire, which lasted for 77 years followed by the Achaemenid dynasty, which was to rule Babylonia for the remaining period as part of their empire. Out of the 77 years of the Chaldean period king, Nebuchadnezzar II ruled for 43 years, which were full of military achievements and construction works and organization. Apart from extending the borders of the empire, he had managed to construct large-scale hydraulic works which were intended for irrigation, navigation and even for defensive purposes. He excavated, re-excavated, and maintained four large feeder canals taking off from the Euphrates, which served the agriculture in the whole area between the Euphrates and the Tigris in the middle and lower Euphrates regions. Moreover, he was concerned with flood protection and so he constructed one large reservoir near Sippar at 60 km north of Babylon to be filled by the Euphrates excess water during floods and to be returned back to the river during low flow season in summer. His works involved river training projects, so he trained the Euphrates by digging artificial meanders to reduce the velocity of the flow and improving navigation and allow the construction of the canal intakes in a less turbulent flows.