Panorama of Transport
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
ISSN 1725-275X KS-DA-07-001-EN-C Statistical books Panorama of transport Panorama Panorama of Transport The “Panorama of Transport” presents a statistical analysis of transport in the European Union, which Panorama of Transport was recently enlarged to include Bulgaria and Romania, as well as in the EFTA and candidate countries. Some comparisons with the US and Japan have been made when possible. Alongside tra c details (vehicle movements) and transport as such (movement of people and goods), the analysis also considers infrastructure, resources, transport as a separate sector of the economy, safety and the impact on energy consumption and the environment. http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat Edition 2007 ISBN 978-92-79-04618-6 Price (excluding VAT) in Luxembourg: EUR 25 9 789279 046186 EUROPEAN COMMISSION cover_definitiva.indd 1 17-07-2007 11:50:52 How to obtain EU publications Our priced publications are available from EU Bookshop (http://bookshop.europa.eu), where you can place an order with the sales agent of your choice. The Publications Office has a worldwide network of sales agents. You can obtain their contact details by sending a fax to (352) 29 29-42758. chapter1_transport.qxp 29/03/2007 20:15 Page 4 ISSN 1725-275X Statistical books Panorama of Transport Edition 2007 EUROPEAN COMMISSION chapter1_transport.qxp 29/03/2007 20:15 Page 4 Europe Direct is a service to help you nd answers to your questions about the European Union Freephone number (*): 00 800 6 7 8 9 10 11 (*) Certain mobile telephone operators do not allow access to 00 800 numbers or these calls may be billed. More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). Luxembourg: Oce for Ocial Publications of the European Communities, 2007 ISBN 978-92-79-04618-6 ISSN 1725-275X Catalogue number: KS-DA-07-001-EN-C Theme: Transport Collection: Statistical books © European Communities, 2007 Printed in Belgium PRINTED ON WHITE CHLORINE-FREE PAPER chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:22 Page 1 Foreword On this 50th anniversary of the Treaty of Rome, if political will has been the motor of European integration, transport has - to some extent - been the wheels, enabling people and goods to circulate in an increasingly larger Union. Transport connects countries and their peoples but it also facilitates their economic growth - this recognition is at the heart of 'Keep Europe Moving', the mid-term review of the 2001 White Paper on EU transport policy. Transport statistics are therefore not just about transport. They are an indicator of economic activity and European integration, as shown for instance by the increase in the proportion of intra-EU transport, both in terms of passengers and freight. Transport statistics are, of course, also useful for looking at problems such as aviation security, rising prices at the petrol pump and the impact of transport on health. With this in mind, the fifth edition of the Panorama of Transport sets out to describe, from various angles, the development of the transport sector from 1990 to 2005 in the EU-25, a time span that saw two waves of enlargement, the largest in 2004. Reflecting transport's place in society, as well as its impact, the Panorama looks at infrastructure; equipment; enterprises, employment and economic performance; freight and passenger transport performance; safety, and lastly, energy consumption and the impact on the environment. The Panorama principally exploits the wealth of data available on Eurostat's main dissemination database New Cronos, as well as various data compiled by different services and agencies of the EU, Japan and the United States. It must be noted that some of these data, out of Eurostat’s scope, could not be fully controlled and verified. Of course, the publication presents only a selection of the most important data available. Readers who wish to find out more or consult the freshest data are invited to visit Eurostat's dedicated transport pages. Hervé CARRE Director General Eurostat chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:22 Page 2 Panorama of Transport, 1990-2005 Fifth edition This publication has been produced by Eurostat unit G5 responsible for transport. The opinions expressed are those of the individual authors alone and do not necessarily reflect the position of the European Commission. Project management: Yves Mahieu Publication management: Glen Campbell and Jelle Bosch (SOGETI) Authors: Glen Campbell Internal reviewers: Giuliano Amerini (Eurostat) Luis de la Fuente Layos (Eurostat) Antigone Gikas (Eurostat) Ulf Johansson (Eurostat) Yves Mahieu (Eurostat) Andreas Nägele (DG Energy and Transport) Simo Pasi (Eurostat) Hans Strelow (Eurostat) Anastassia Vakalopoulou (Eurostat) Special acknowledgments: Andreas Nägele (DG Energy and Transport) Peder Gabrielsen (European Environment Agency) Karen Treanton (International Energy Agency) For further information: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu Other comments and questions: Yves Mahieu, Transport Statistics Tel. (+352) 4301 37656 [email protected] chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:22 Page 3 Table of Contents 1. Transport in the EU . .1 2. Transport infrastructure . .7 3. Means of transport . .33 4. Enterprises, employment and economic performance . .49 5. Traffic and transport quantities and performances . .67 5.1 Transport of goods . .69 5.1.1 General development . .69 5.1.2 National goods transport . .75 5.1.3 International goods transport . .82 5.1.4 Transport by type of commodity . .95 5.2 Passenger transport . .102 5.2.1 General development . .102 5.2.2 National passenger transport . .108 5.2.3 International passenger transport . .115 6. Transport safety . .125 7. Energy consumption and the environment . .139 7.1 Energy consumption . .142 7.2 Emissions . .156 Background Information . .169 chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:22 Page 4 chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:23 Page 1 1. Transport in the EU chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:23 Page 2 1. Transport in the EU 1. TRANSPORT IN THE EU Keeping Europe moving There are close to 460 million citizens in the EU-25, and environmental needs, as highlighted by the mid-term most of them will use transport to go to work, to go to review of the 2001 White Paper, 'Keep Europe moving' school or to do the shopping, from the school child to the (see box). Effective transportation systems are essential for old-age pensioner. An average of 36 kilometres will be Europe's prosperity, having significant impacts on travelled every day, and 27 of these will be by car. In fact, economic growth, social development and the in 2005 there was 1 car for every two inhabitants (Chapter environment. 3). The ever-increasing mobility of citizens is today part of everyday life. The trans-European transport network (TEN-T) plays a crucial role in securing the free movement of passengers And when it comes to filling up the shelves in shops, and goods in the European Union. It is a key element in the forwarding energy and building materials for transport and relaunched Lisbon strategy for competitiveness and our homes, among others, one tonne of goods will travel a employment in Europe for these reasons alone: to unblock daily average distance of 23 kilometres for every EU major transport routes and ensure sustainable transport, citizen, 10 of these going by road. including through major technological projects (Chapter 2). Mobility of persons and goods is an essential component of With all this in mind, it therefore comes as no surprise that the competitiveness of European industry and services; transport is an integral part of the Treaty establishing the mobility is also an essential citizen right. The goal of the European Community (see box), with statistics playing a EU's sustainable transport policy is to ensure that our key role in implementing EU transport policy. transport systems meet society's economic, social and The momentum for EU transport policy starts in the treaties (Extracts from the Treaty establishing the European Community, incorporating changes made by the Treaties of Maastricht and Amsterdam) TITLE V - TRANSPORT Article 70 The objectives of this Treaty shall, in matters governed by this Title, be pursued by Member States within the framework of a common transport policy. Article 71 1. For the purpose of implementing Article 70, and taking into account the distinctive features of transport, the Council shall, acting in accordance with the procedure referred to in Article 251 and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions, lay down: (a) common rules applicable to international transport to or from the territory of a Member State or passing across the territory of one or more Member States; (b) the conditions under which non-resident carriers may operate transport services within a Member State; (c) measures to improve transport safety; (d) any other appropriate provisions.(...) Article 80 1. The provisions of this Title shall apply to transport by rail, road and inland waterways. 2. The Council may, acting by a qualified majority, decide whether, to what extent and by what procedure appropriate provisions may be laid down for sea and air transport. (...) 2 # chapter1_transport_120607.qxp 12/06/2007 15:23 Page 3 1. Transport in the EU TITLE XV - TRANS-EUROPEAN NETWORKS Article 154 To help achieve the objectives referred to in Articles 14 and 158 and to enable citizens of the Union, economic operators and regional and local communities to derive full benefit from the setting-up of an area without internal frontiers, the Community shall contribute to the establishment and development of trans- European networks in the areas of transport, telecommunications and energy infrastructures. Within the framework of a system of open and competitive markets, action by the Community shall aim at promoting the interconnection and interoperability of national networks as well as access to such networks.