VOLume 17 NO.3 MARCH 2017 journal The Association of Jewish Refugees

From Schloss Salem to Gordonstoun ne of the undoubted highlights of the Charles is her great-great-great-grandson. At the struggling Weimar Republic and to UK’s recent Holocaust Memorial that critical historical juncture in November replace it with a more ‘nationally-minded’ Day activities was the high profile 1918, Hahn was acting as private secretary to government – which turned out to mean participationO of HRH Charles, Prince of Prince Max of Baden, who had, if reluctantly, Hitler. Wales, who spoke at the WJR dinner and also been appointed Chancellor of imperial Prince Max of Baden (1867-1929) visited Yavneh College. On both occasions Germany in early October 1918, when its played a brief but important role in the Prince Charles spoke glowingly of Kurt Hahn, military and political leaders were struggling tumultuous events of autumn 1918 in the German-Jewish educator credited with to come to terms with the catastrophic reality Germany, which were to bear such fateful founding the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award fruit for Germany and Europe some fifteen scheme and Gordonstoun in Moray, Scotland years later. Kurt Hahn, who had previously – the school attended by Prince Philip, and worked for the German Foreign Ministry, later by Prince Charles, Prince Andrew and was at his side. Prince Max could claim to Prince Edward. be Germany’s first parliamentary chancellor. Hahn had been headmaster of the famous For ever since Bismarck had first assumed progressive Schule Schloss Salem, near Lake that position in 1871, when Germany was Constance in South Germany, before fleeing united, the chancellor had been appointed to Britain in 1933. The school had been by the Emperor; he was not the leader founded in April 1920 by Hahn, with the of a parliamentary party, commanding a support of Prince Maximilian of Baden. It majority in the Reichstag, and did not even numbered the children of many celebrities sit in parliament. He had to secure a majority among its pupils, including two of Thomas in the Reichstag to ensure the passage of Mann’s children, Golo and Monika. The his legislation, but – typically of imperial renowned violinist Carl Flesch, a Jew, sent Germany’s hybrid constitution, which his son, also named Carl, to Salem. In placed it somewhere between democracy and 1934, the younger Carl Flesch emigrated autocracy – he was ultimately dependent on to Britain, where he became a successful Kurt Hahn the Emperor, not on the Reichstag. insurance broker and an active figure in the In autumn 1918, Ludendorff, realising AJR; he has left a vivid picture of his time at of Germany’s imminent defeat in World War that the German army was in danger of Salem in an interview in the AJR’s Refugee I and its terrible implications for the country’s collapsing, became convinced of the necessity Voices collection. Hahn was responsible for future. After two years of what had effectively of negotiating an armistice; but he was aware the development of original and important been the military dictatorship of the German that President Wilson of the United States pedagogical principles, which sought to Supreme Command, the looming prospect of would not negotiate with the old autocratic combine academic studies with physical defeat on the Western Front had deprived the regime in Germany. He therefore pressed for activities and character building. These army leaders, Field Marshall von Hindenburg a parliamentarisation of the regime, at least principles are also evident in the Outward and General Ludendorff, of their hold on to the extent that the new chancellor must Bound courses that he originally devised power, which passed to Germany’s politicians. have the backing of the moderate majority for young seamen at Aberdovey in Wales In November 1918, military defeat led in the Reichstag, the Social Democrats, during World War II; these derive from his to the collapse of the German Empire, the Progressives and Centre (Catholic) Party, concept of an intense experience involving abdication of the Kaiser and the establishment who had voted for the Peace Resolution in challenges in a natural setting, through which of the Weimar Republic, Germany’s first July 1917 (which the Supreme Command the individual builds a sense of self-worth, parliamentary democracy. But what had ignored). Prince Max, a man of liberal the group comes to a heightened awareness happened in Germany in November 1918 views despite his royal birth, was acceptable of human interdependence, and all grow in was very different from what had happened both to the politicians in the Reichstag and concern for those in danger and need. in Russia a year earlier, when the Bolshevik to the army leadership. He was accordingly The Revolution that Revolution had swept away the old Tsarist appointed chancellor on 3 October 1918, Overthrew the German Empire order; in Germany, by contrast, much of the leading a government that included members Kurt Hahn (1886-1974) also provides old order survived. What has often been seen of the majority parliamentary parties and the link between the heir to the throne of as the failure of the November revolution in was directly dependent on the Reichstag, in England in 2017 and the revolution that Germany to effect thorough-going change particular on the Social Democrats, the largest brought about the abdication of Kaiser created a weak and flawed democracy heavily party representing Germany’s working class. Wilhelm II in November 1918; Wilhelm reliant on anti-republican, right-wing forces; But Prince Max assumed office under was Queen Victoria’s grandson (his mother in the crisis situation of the early 1930s, these the most difficult circumstances. He had to was her eldest daughter Victoria), and Prince forces proved only too willing to undermine continued on page 2  journal MARCH 2017

From Schloss Salem to Gordonstoun  continued ANTISEMITISM UP 36% JR Chief Executive Michael shoulder the heavy burden of negotiating the Newman has joined leading terms of Germany’s defeat with its victorious Apoliticians and policemen in enemies. Worse still, Ludendorff insisted that denouncing the shocking rise in the new chancellor must make an immediate antisemitic hate incidents in the approach for an armistice to President Wilson UK, as reported in the Community – which, as Prince Max realised, would gravely Security Trust (CST)’s annual report. The CST recorded 1,309 weaken his government’s position both in his antisemitic incidents nationwide negotiations with the Allies and in dealing during 2016, a 36 per cent increase with Germany’s internal situation, where Prince Charles at Gordonstoun on 2015. The cause for the increase is news of the armistice negotiations would believed to be the cumulative effect undermine morale on the home front and proclaimed the republic from the balcony of of a series of events and factors, among the fighting forces. Ludendorff’s the Reichstag, while his colleague Friedrich including the Gaza conflict, terrorist demands had the effect of laying the heavy Ebert informed Prince Max that, in view incidents in Europe, allegations of responsibility for dealing with the disaster of the insurrectionary mood of the masses, antisemitism in the Labour Party of Germany’s defeat onto the new civilian he would have to withdraw his party’s and a general increase in racism government, while at the same time hobbling representatives from the government. Prince and xenophobia following the EU referendum. it in its attempts to do so. The military leaders Max accordingly resigned, leaving a situation Taken together, these factors thus offloaded much of the blame for their in which the moderate Social Democrats have created an atmosphere in disastrous conduct of the war onto the civilian sought to head off a wave of revolutionary which more antisemitic incidents are politicians who replaced them in power. extremism. In that they succeeded, but only occurring, and are also more likely to The weakness of the subsequent civilian by calling in the army and by siding with be reported to CST and the Police. governments of the Weimar Republic, and the right-wing forces fundamentally hostile to The most common single type of undeserved glorification of the imperial army democracy and to the new republic. Prince incident recorded by CST in 2016 that had in reality lost the war, can in part be Max’s short-lived government had been involved verbal abuse randomly traced to this juncture in events. the opening phase in Germany’s troubled directed at visibly Jewish people in On 3 October, Prince Max addressed transition to democracy. public. There were also 107 violent a note to President Wilson, requesting an Hahn’s Career after 1918 antisemitic assaults, although fortunately none of these resulted armistice and accepting Wilson’s celebrated After the First World War, Kurt Hahn’s in grievous bodily harm or threat Fourteen Points, set out in his speech of liberal principles were evident in his politics to life. 8 January 1918, as the basis for peace as well as in his attitude to education. He AJR’s Michael Newman negotiations between Germany and the Allies. was an outspoken opponent of the Nazis, commented: “This significant As Prince Max feared, events rapidly ran out giving public expression to his abhorrence of increase is profoundly troubling and of his control. The start of peace negotiations Nazi violence even after Hitler’s assumption a stain on Britain which already does made it obvious that Germany could no of power in January 1933. For this he was so much to counter these hateful longer hope to win the war and that a new arrested and imprisoned for five days in attacks. Most worrying is the form focus for popular support was required; but March 1933; he was only released after and sources of reported incidents, Prince Max, even as chancellor, was a little- an appeal from Ramsay MacDonald, the from among politicians to students as well as both physical and verbal known figure unable to unite the mass of British Prime Minister. Hahn left Germany assaults. We strongly commend the the people around his policies in a radically in July 1933 and settled in Scotland, where CST for its gathering and reporting changed situation. he founded Gordonstoun on lines more of these crimes and call upon all When a naval mutiny broke out in similar to Salem than to conventional British sectors of society to redouble efforts the ports of Kiel and Wilhelmshaven in public schools. He also became a convinced to address this scourge.” late October, it spread like wildfire across Christian. Hahn remained at Gordonstoun Germany, triggering a revolution in Bavaria until 1953, when ill health forced him to and reaching Berlin on 9 November, when resign the headship; he returned to Germany, the Kaiser abdicated. On that day, the leading where he died in 1974. Social Democrat Philipp Scheidemann Anthony Grenville

AJR Chief Executive Michael Newman INSIDE THIS ISSUE Finance Director Holocaust Memorials...... 3 David Kaye Our Wall of Honour...... 4 Heads of Department Karen Markham Human Resources & Administration News...... 5 Sue Kurlander Social Services Letters...... 6 Carol Hart Community & Volunteer Services Art Notes...... 8 AJR Journal Dr Anthony Grenville Consultant Editor Book reviews...... 8 & 9 Jo Briggs Acting Editor Nightingale Hammerson...... 10 Dr Howard Spier Executive Editor Karin Pereira Secretarial/Advertisements Looking for...... 11 Inside the AJR…...... 12 & 13 Views expressed in the AJR Journal are not Obituaries...... 14 & 15 necessarily those of the Association of Jewish Refugees and should not be regarded as such. Letter from Israel...... 16

2 MARCH 2017 journal How can life go on? DESIGNS SHORTLISTED FOR he Ambassadors of five European testimony. She and her mother were counties and many other the only survivors of their family, 15 HOLOCAUST MEMORIAL Tdignitaries were among the members of whom were killed in he UK Holocaust Memorial AJR’s guests at our official Holocaust Auschwitz-Birkenau. Foundation has unveiled the ten Memorial Day service, held on 24 Perhaps the most encouraging Tshortlisted designs for the new January at Belsize Park Synagogue. perspective was delivered by the National Holocaust Memorial and learning The event, which was attended by AJR’s current intern from the Action centre, which will stand in Victoria Tower over 150 people, reflected the overall Reconciliation Service for Peace, Gardens. theme for HMD2017, ie How can life Merrit Jagusch. She assured the The 10 concept designs, which range go on? This asks audiences to think audience that “my generation from a giant rock overlooked by Cypress about what happens after genocide remains sensitized, and recognises trees to a large translucent sculpture and of our own responsibilities in the any injustice and intolerance” and above a subterranean ‘Hall of Voices’, were wake of such a crime. that she personally “…will tell my submitted in response to an international Introducing the service, AJR Chief children what you had to go through design competition which drew interest Executive Michael Newman reflected if they don’t have the opportunity to from 92 different teams. The different on the work of the Association since hear the experiences directly from an teams behind the 10 shortlisted designs comprise some of the finest and most it was set up in 1941. He concluded eyewitness anymore.” famous artists and designers in the world, by saying, “Our collective duty now is German children are encouraged including Zaha Hadid, Rachel Whiteread, to counter and combat those seeking to learn from WWII to help create Foster & Partners and Studio Libeskind. to divide and inhibit freedoms, a brighter future. Many of Merritt’s The site for the £40m project is right in and to ensure that despite the classmates have taken part in anti-racist the shadow of Parliament, at the heart of atrocities that still exist today, life demonstrations in their hometown of British democracy. As well as honouring can carry on with freedom, dignity Hanover. Other classmates have spent victims and survivors of Nazi persecution, and tolerance.” time helping refugees from Syria or the centre will educate future generations The Emeritus Rabbi Rodney Mariner Iraq to settle in their new homeland, about the dangers of prejudice and of the Belsize Square Synagogue, and one friend plays football with a hatred, and serve as a powerful statement established in 1939 by Jewish refugees group of young refugees every week. of our values as a nation. from Central Europe, then invited “We all want a peaceful coexistence The Foundation is now actively six AJR members to light memorial where everyone respects each other,” consulting on the shortlisted designs with candles. This was followed by an concluded Merritt. “I once asked the public, those working in the field of address by His Excellency the German a Holocaust Survivor, a kind and Holocaust remembrance and education, Ambassador, Dr Peter Ammon, who wise man, what my generation and technical experts. This consultation attended the event together with the should learn from the Third Reich. will play a crucial role in informing the Ambassadors from Austria, Poland, Without thinking twice he answered: jury’s final decision on the memorial. Hungary and the Slovak Republic. “being tolerant”. Tolerance within a View the 10 shortlisted designs on AJR member Eva Clarke, who was framework of justice under the rule https://competitions.malcolmreading. born in Mauthausen concentration of law in a free and open society is co.uk/holocaustmemorial/#shortlist camp in April 1945, then gave her the key.” and submit your feedback by email to [email protected]. Please remember to specify which design team you are referring to when providing feedback.

Alfred Kessler, George Vulkan, Paul Lang, Charlotte Lang, Timotheus Winterstein and Merrit Jagusch light the candles Allied Works’ proposed memorial is ‘folded back like a prayer shawl’ Northern Ireland Learns From Past JR member Mindu Hornick sister and two younger brothers. She spoke at a Holocaust Memorial has shared her story many times to ADay Event in Armagh, ensure future generations can learn organised by the Northern Ireland from the mistakes of the past. Executive Office. Among the Armagh audience Mindu, who is originally from were several History students from Prague and now lives in Birmingham the Banbridge Academy who will where she is also known as Margaret, be visiting the Holocaust Memorial The concept proposed by John McAslan + was sent to Auschwitz-Birkenau in Berlin and Sachsenhausen Partners and MASS Design Group includes the at the age of 13 with her mother, Concentration Camp later this year. laying of six million stones

3 journal MARCH 2017 Our Wall of Honour he Wiener Library for the Study Reading Room. The presence of the Holocaust & Genocide of over 100 plaques gave the Tis situated in a beautiful 19th Reading Room a very special century London townhouse in the quality and reminded all heart of Bloomsbury, and is one of the visitors of the individuality world's leading and most extensive of those touched by the archives on the Holocaust and the Holocaust. Thanks to a Nazi era. It forms a quiet centre generous gift, when the amidst the rabbit warren of university Library moved to Russell buildings where the young and not so Square on a long lease in young hurry about their exciting lives 2011, all these plaques were of learning and discovery. refurbished and mounted in In the Library a small and the Wolfson Reading Room, dedicated team continues the work to perpetuate the Library’s of Dr Alfred Wiener caring for, and commitment to honour making available to all, its unique these men and women. collection of over one million items, In 2016 we unveiled including published and unpublished a unique new way of works, press cuttings, photographs commemorating family, and eyewitness testimony. Valued friends and colleagues with volunteers devote their time to the creation of the Wiener helping the staff in their work caring Library Wall of Honour. for this remarkable archive of lost Each commemorative voices, while supporters of every plaque on the Wall of type give donations large and small, Honour carries the name of without which the Library would the person being honoured The original brass commemorative plaques in the cease to function and entire family and is linked to a page on Wolfson Reading Room archives of memories and lives lived our online Digital Wall of would be lost. Honour. There an applicant may more recent generations, equally The term genocide can seem to add photographs, details of the cherished and missed. conflate the horror into a statistic honouree’s life and additional If you would care to commemorate or a legal argument, but in the commemorative words, such as someone on the Wall of Honour Library’s archives each individual reflections on their life, personal and add another voice to those testimony whispers its personal story recollections by family members or that speak out from the heart and lives on. We continue to make friends, poems or passages from of the Wiener Library, please these whispers more loudly heard Scripture. contact Jane Biro at the Library via and are digitising vast amounts Those honoured on the Wall of [email protected] Holocaust testimonies recorded Honour are as varied as they are or 020 7636 7247 or our website by the Library in the 1950s for the personal to those who applied for (www.wienerlibrary.co.uk). Library’s forthcoming Testimonies to their plaque. The AJR commissioned The Wiener Library asks for a the Truth website. a Wall of Honour plaque for the minimum donation of £2,000 for During the 53 years that the Eva and Hans Reichmann; others a commemorative plaque, thereby Library occupied its former home at honoured include those whose lives securing the core work of the Wiener 4 Devonshire Street, supporters who were cut short brutally by war both Library in opposing antisemitism wished to commemorate their own individually or in one instance a and other forms of prejudice and loved ones had the option of placing plaque that honours all the victims intolerance. a brass plaque in the Library’s of the Holocaust. Others celebrate Jane Biro

The Library’s Head of Digital, Dr Toby Simpson, explains one of the Franziska Weit, former ARSP volunteer, admires the Weiner Library’s most unusual items in the collection: a children's board game from new Wall of Honour 1938 called Juden Raus (Jews Out).

4 MARCH 2017 journal BOOK NOW FOR YOM HASHOAH Association of JR members and other Holocaust refugees and Asurvivors will once again be Jewish welcomed as guests of honour at this year’s National Yom HaShoah Commemoration Ceremony, which takes place on Sunday 23 April at Refugees Barnet Copthall Stadium. The AJR is one of the sponsors of his is the new logo that will security. The flame-shaped symbol the Forum for Yom HaShoah. Carol soon replace the blue ‘AJR’ reflects the need for remembrance, Hart, our Head of Volunteers and logo in all the Association’s but also implies light and hope for Community Services, sits on the T communication materials. the future. event committee and has specific Designed by Graphical, which works Most importantly, the logo spells responsibility for all aspects of for numerous Jewish organisations our name out in full, preventing the event that directly relate to and charities, the new logo is a the us from being confused with the volunteers and refugees. result of a thorough consultative American Journal of Roentgenology “Unlike Holocaust Memorial Day, process involving members, staff, or any other terminology that might which is the international date to volunteers and trustees, all of who come to mind during these acronym- commemorate the Holocaust, Yom agreed that after over 20 years of ridden times. HaShoah was decreed as a day for using the old blue blocks, it is time to The new corporate identity is the Jewish community to remember bring a new and more ‘meaningful’ gradually being rolled out across our the Holocaust and honour those symbol to our name. website and our offline media, and who perished. It has, quite rightly, The colour orange was chosen in the April issue we will show you become a major event in the Jewish for the new logo because it projects what the new front cover of the AJR calendar, as a platform for sharing vibrancy and reflects warmth and Journal is going to look like. public mourning and ensuring the stories will never be forgotten,” explains Carol. 2017 is the third year that the PENDANT HOLDS THE KEY National ceremony has taken place Quilters Wanted at Barnet Copthall. Last year’s event he 70273 Project is a worldwide an anyone shed light on how this was attended by thousands, and collaborative art project pendant ended up at the Sobibor we had the privilege of over 200 Tdesigned to commemorate CDeath Camp? It belonged to survivors, refugees and veterans the 70,273 physically and mentally Karoline Cohn from Frankfurt, who joining us at the ceremony. disabled people who were murdered was transported to the Minsk Ghetto This year the main ceremony between January 1940 and August on 11 November 1941. begins at 4.30pm, with a special 1941 by Nazis under Aktion T4. The pendant, which remained reception for survivors, refugees and The founder of the project, Jeanne buried for more than 70 years under veterans commencing at 3pm. To Hewell-Chambers, is gathering the ruins of a hut at Sobibor, was secure your ticket please call Carol 70,273 quilt blocks which will unearthed in October 2016. It has Hart on 020 8385 3083 or book be made into 1000 or more captured public interest because of its online at www.yomhashoah.org.uk/ quilts that will travel the world, similarity to one belonging to Anne NationalEvent commemorating the disabled who Frank, but the full fate of Karoline died, celebrating those with special remains unknown. needs who live, and educating all You can watch a video about the who will listen. For more information discovery of the pendant on Youtube. about the project – including guidelines for making blocks – visit www.The70273Project.org.

Photo credit: Yoram Haimi, Israel Antiquities Authority

Increase in Enquiries he International Tracing service POSTSCRIPT (ITS) reported an increase in Congratulations to the Chair of the Tenquiries during 2016, proving Yom Shoah Forum, Neil Martin – that interest is as strong as ever. who is also CEO of the JLGB – who Of the 15,635 enquiries received, was recently presented with his over 2,000 were from survivors of Nazi MBE by HRH The Prince of Wales at Some of the quilt blocks that have been persecution. Enquiries came from 73 Buckingham Palace. already made nations, with a quarter from Germany.

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Do we have to read Mr Phillips’ dissertations in the Journal almost every month? Laszlo Roman, London N22 Sir – In response to David Kaye’s attack on me in your February issue, I should like to ask him in what way he would describe “Shomer Shabbat”, “Eruv Engaged” and “Wig Wearing” as being The Editor reserves the right part of Modern Orthodox Judaism? Let to shorten correspondence his family practise what it wants but how submitted for publication can he call it Modern Orthodox when there is nothing modern about this form of worship? As for Bernd Koschland’s attack, I agree that many pupils from HALF A SIXPENCE The theme of this year’s Memorial Jewish schools ultimately make their Sir – Thank you to AJR so much for Day “how can life go on?” was conveyed way to universities. I asked whether they booking tickets for this wonderful and to us by the German Ambassador, Dr would feel comfortable there, away from invigorating show. I don't remember Peter Amnon, in his very moving words; their Jewish bubble. The fact that Jewish enjoying myself so much since my darling a testimony was rendered by Eva Clarke, schools strengthen their pupils’ Judaism Leo passed away nearly ten years ago. a survivor of Mauthausen concentration is not questioned but can they cope in I thought Charlie Stemp was superb in camp where she was born in April 1945, the outside world where, for the first the title role and is a new star. I laughed, just prior to its liberation, and a young time, they are in the minority? clapped and could not keep the tears German volunteer spoke about her work Peter Phillips, Loudwater, Herts of joy from pouring from my eyes. The with the survivors who are looked after by music, dancing, acrobatics and singing all the AJR. The kaddish which was recited by NOTE FROM EDITOR: All letters that we added to the wonderful acting skills of Rabbi Mariner brought tears to my eyes. receive are considered for publication. the cast. What a wonderful production. The event was well attended and great In each issue we try to cover a range Even the sets were incredible. No words respect and consideration was shown of subjects and different viewpoints, can adequately describe the wonderful by all the AJR staff to the mostly elderly while making it clear that the opinions feeling I had from this super show. survivors, such as myself, who were expressed are not necessarily those of Please keep on booking similar events. present. Thank you for your work and the AJR. We are always delighted to We all enjoyed ourselves. dedication on our behalf. hear from new correspondents as well Helena Horn Betty Bloom (nee Schütz) as regular contributors. Watching Half a Sixpence at the TRY SUBSTITUTING MUSLIMS 1950’s POP Noel Coward Theatre with AJR was Sir – I read with great interest Tony sheer delight. It was truly an amazing Sir – I was much saddened to read, yet again, Mr Peter Phillips’ pronouncements Grenville’s piece “Another Jewish Nobel production with fantastic sets, superb Prize for Literature”. While he did not singing and dancing, and really intricate on the unpatriotic and uncivilized way religious, as well as other Jews conduct seem to agree that Dylan had the and faultless routines. Charlie Stemp’s literary credentials of other winners, he performance was superlative and every their lives. (“The Jewish bubble”, AJR Journal January 2017). did praise Dylan for transforming the single member of the cast seemed to standard of popular music from the “… enjoy the performance as much as the In Mr Phillips’ opinion Jews shouldn’t live too close to each other (presumably cheerful banalities of 1950’s pop.” audience. We all left with huge smiles Is this not a rather harsh reflection on on our faces. nine Jews in a square mile should be sufficient), shouldn’t teach their children 1950’s pop? An added bonus was being taken to Surely an academic of Tony Grenville’s and from the theatre by cab on what was too much, if anything, about the Jewish religion and forget (or deny!), anywhere calibre should be able to comprehend a freezing January afternoon. the deep profundity embedded in the Thank you so much AJR! outside Israel and probably even in Israel itself, all about having been Jewish in the immortal words: Hanne Freedman first place. “Pretty, pretty, pretty, pretty Peggy LIGHTING A CANDLE I assume Mr Phillips was born Jewish, Sue-eh-oo”? Sir – I should like to put on record my or at least had one orthodox or cultural David Kaye, Pinner deep appreciation of being invited by Jewish grandparent, and therefore would the AJR to light a candle on Holocaust have qualified for transport to the death MARK NOT MARSH Memorial Day 2017 in memory of the camps together with the “shtetl Jews”. Sir – My letter in the AJR Journal February 6 million victims of the Holocaust of Just as the Nazis of the ‘30s and ‘40s, issue ‘Keep sharing the stories’ gave my which my beloved father, Josef Schütz, today’s growing number of anti-Semites name as Eric Marsh, Kraainem, Belgium. who was murdered in Bergen-Belsen, do not need eruvs, Jewish schools or My wife and I have lived in Belgium for was just one. Israel to hate us. If Jews would live decades after I was nominated by HMG with no visible signs or actions of being to a post in the European Commission. Jewish, the anti-Semites would scream My name is Eric Mark which perhaps FULOP, Walter that “these Jews are trying to hide – but would merit a correction in your next we will get them!” edition to help those readers who are 1922-2017 I wonder whether Mr Phillips is nearly not necessarily aware of my existence. Beloved Husband, Father, Grandpa and Friend as judgemental of Muslims, Sikhs, Hindus Eric Mark, Kraainem, Belgium who will be deeply missed. or any other group of people trying to live their lives in the UK according to their TWO FINGERS UP Funeral arrangements obtained from Sir – I must express my delight that the Powell Funeral Service, Tel. No. 01992 470153 tradition. Because if he did hold such views that would be racist! Two Great Leaders decided on continuing No Flowers. Just try to substitute “Muslim” for the Churchill Tradition. Donations to: the word “Jewish” in Mr Phillips’ January I admired Mr Churchill because he put The Association of Jewish Refugees article and see how it reads! up his hand and used his two fingers as

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V-sign. That ensured British Victory. I used to admire his image and was hoping to Righteous Amongst the Nations awards gain his facial likeness when I grow up. for Josef and Irena I admired Mr Churchill when in 1944 he bravely took to the sky and reached t is written in Jewish Talmudic texts to England, where the Committee the Kremlin and negotiated with Mr “Whosoever saves a single life, of the Jewish Trade Unions in New Stalin, who became our Liberator from Isaves an entire universe’’ (Mishnah, York provided them with a monthly Nazi Occupation. Due to Mr Churchill's Sanhedrin 4:5). So what to say about allowance. care, the Yalta agreement came to effect. someone who saved many more? Or Andrzej Pluskowski grew up not Eventually our Party Secretary publicly someone who, even if he was unable knowing about his parents’ heroics. took the Oath in all of our names that to save as many as he would have His father passed away when he we remain loyal to the fine political ideas. liked, did his utmost to help them in was young, and Irena never spoke So may the spirit of Sir Winston – who their hour of need? about those days. In 1970 Anrzej was Liberal & also Conservative – lead the Josef Pluskowski risked his life discovered a book at the London unity of our Great Britain. Jenkev Jusef ben Doved VBE, to assist Jews imprisoned in the School of Economics, and began London N2 Warsaw Ghetto. He was a member to research the story. Eventually he of PPS, the Polish socialist party, who pieced it together and presented it to Sir – Thank you again for your sterling had befriended Gustav Miller, a Jew, Yad Vashem. Joseph Pluskowski and efforts in producing AJR Journal – I really through their mutual activity in the Irena Pluskowska were recognized as look forward to receiving and reading it trade unions of Łódz.’ Righteous Amongst the Nations and every month. Pluskowski worked for Warsaw on 23 November 2016, their children I have one small suggestion: City Council, but secretly served took part in a moving ceremony at the As you may know the Six Point Foundation is apparently closing in about as liaison between the Polish and Israeli Embassy where HE Ambassador 6 weeks. They have done magnificent Jewish resistance movements. He Mark Regev presented Andrzej with work in a supportive, modest and provided Jews with fake identity the award. understanding fashion. As a linkage to documents, crucial information on Ambassador Regev said: “An the Otto Schiff past they also have links German activities, and viable hiding inherent part of our gathering here to the AJR. locations. Wife Irena helped by today is to reflect on the Holocaust, Would it be possible to have an article carrying weapons to the ghetto. They to stand together courageously to on their creation, work and demise? also hid Gustav Gerson Miller’s family say ‘never again’. During humanity’s Arthur Oppenheimer, Brighton and others in their flat. darkest days some people stood out NOTE FROM EDITOR: The Six Point During the Warsaw Ghetto uprising as rare beacons of light. These people Foundation is indeed closing and in Pluskowski was arrested. He was recognized our common humanity; our April issue we will feature a review released in 1945 with nothing, and they offered sanctuary, safe passage written by Frank Harding, who is a had to appeal to the Central Jewish and support. They stood out for trustee of both the Foundation and the Committee for clothes and shoes. decency, tolerance and respect and AJR. Pluskowski was then imprisoned they risked their own lives in doing so’’. Sir – May I assure Ernest Kolman (Feb. by the Communists. The Jewish Rony Yedidia–Clein, 2017) that I do not just oppose Nazism community fought to save and Minister-Counsellor for Public old and new by merely writing letter to smuggle him to France. They secured Diplomacy at the Embassy of Israel this learned journal, though that is the a Jewish passport for Irena icing on the cake. under the name Rachel My and my classmates' fate at the Miller and smuggled her Jewish school in Prague forms a chapter in and son Andrzej to Israel, Hodder Education “History Year 9’’ (2009), from where they travelled 10th imp. 2013) Schools History Project. to France to be reunited This last January 26th I gave the inaugural with Jozef. address on “How can life go on?’’ to In December 1946 pupils from 9 schools, 8 from Essex, at Gustav Gerson Miller spoke the University of Essex auditorium and next day I was on BBC-TV East for which to the Jewish Committee, ’ I had been filmed by BBC-TV East from Łód z: Norwich and interviewed by BBC-Radio “I testify that Josef Suffolk in Ipswich and was seen and heard Pluskowski and his wife as far as Australia apart from immediate Irena Pluskowska hid me neighbours, my GP receptionist, my and my family in their dentist and uncle Tom Cobley and all. spacious flat in Warsaw, I had been visiting schools in Suffolk on 5 Electrolena Street, for years but invitations from those between 1942 and 7th schools which had converted into August 1944. They have academies have dried up completely. done so not for profit, Their trusts, who determine their syllabus, while demonstrating as distinct from local authority schools, great devotion, care and have dumped Holocaust Education at friendship.” the very first opportunity, either due to antisemitism or because they prefer to In 1950, Pluskowski keep their charges ignorant of modern suddenly passed away, European history even though a witness leaving Irena and two of events is still around. toddlers isolated. The Frank Bright, exiled Polish Government Andrzej Pluskowki receives the award from Mark Regev Martlesham Heath, Suffolk in London brought them on behalf of his parents.

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of which they share no part. The exhibition has several themes, including Lenin’s cult status, the heroism of the proletariat, the eventual betrayal of the REVIEWS peasants, whose agrarian-industrial collective ART dream led to starvation, nostalgia and Stalin’s Amor Fati dystopian Utopia. This is an art of five-year SEVEN ESSAYS ON BERGEN-BELSEN NOTES plans, of poverty and disillusion portrayed by Abel Jacob Herzberg with realism, with surrealism, with cubist Göttingen, Wallstein Verlag, 2016 lthough the number of inmates GLORIA TESSLER blocks of colour and regimented symmetry. murdered at Auschwitz, Treblinka The artists’ portrayal of women workers: Aand Sobibór, were much greater, it strong, muscular, raw-faced and angry, was the photos taken at Bergen-Belsen hen a nation comes foreshadows the fate of during its 1945 liberation that shocked to terms with its the impossible vision of the world, to the extent that to this day history, it often does the agricultural-industrial it is Belsen that represents the depravity Wso through art. The Royal of the Nazi extermination machine. collective, although Academy’s new exhibition, Alexander Deineka’s In 1946 one of the survivors, Abel Revolution: Russian Art delicate looking Textile Jacob Herzberg from Amsterdam, 1917-1932 commemorates Workers of 1927 is an wrote seven essays based on his secret the centenary of this most Kazimir camp diary for a Dutch periodical, exception. and in 1947 published them in a slim turbulent period of history, Malevich’s Peasants,1930, volume. It was one of the first witness which despite the flamboyant presents two stiff and statements. Although the book was colours of many paintings, Marc Chagall, Promenade, faceless people in bright subsequently translated into German, proved a time of repression 1917–18. © 2016, State Russian colours looking over the Italian and Hebrew, it has only now and betrayal. For the peasants Museum, St. Petersburg regimented agricultural appeared in English, published in who believed in their economic land intended to be their Germany (with German punctuation) salvation, for the artists heritage, but which will in a good translation by another Dutch stunted by the regime, for the lead to poverty. That Belsen survivor, Jack Santcross. intellectuals who ended up in poverty becomes explicit The essays contain few overt Stalin’s gulag, this optimism David Shterenberg “horror” descriptions, and no statistics, in ’s but they are not needed – nobody who soon soured. Modiglini-like Aniska, has seen the photos can ever unsee There were a few brief a painting of a forlorn them. Rather, Herzberg attempts to dig periods of illumination, Russian girl shown with into the psychology of the large – and when the state released its half a loaf of bread on small-scale persecutors, the Kapos (the stranglehold on freedom of the table. “in betweens” – prisoners charged by expression, and poets and Kazimir Malevich, Red Square, For a while artists the SS with maintaining order), and the peasants looked to an exciting 1915. © 2016, State Russian used their talents to inmates themselves. He contemplates future and the chance to build Museum, St. Petersburg commercialise the moral questions, which sometimes a new proletarian art. But the Revolution in a flurry come down to a piece of swede or a work of avant-garde artists of cheerful posters on lump of bread, the piece that will keep Chagall Kandinksy one alive. Self-preservation versus the like , , hoardings, windows greater good. Malevich and Tatlin was and trams, before being We see portraits of the SS lieutenants violently suppressed while the crushed by the proletarian – are they “ordinary” men? – and “The Socialist Realism of Brodsky, boot – evident in Boris Bitch”, one of the female guards who Deineka, Mukhina and Mikailovitch Kustodiev’s were perhaps worse than the men Samakhvalov portrayed the Bolshevik in which a giant (though she takes to the baby of an truth of Mother Russia. As revolutionary rampages inmate and promises “if you’re all to peasants starved and ration through his ancient be gassed or shot, I’ll save this little books favoured the Red city. The final Room of one”). We read of the ad hoc court of Army against children, an justice set up by the prisoners, dealing Memories is a black cube with such matters as stolen food, and inevitable nostalgia developed illustrating the thousands generally settled by the death of the in paintings of onion-domed sent by Stalin to the gulag, accused. And we see the evacuation churches and past elegance. David Shterenberg, Aniska, many of whom were shot train that departs Belsen in front of the Perhaps no-one was more 1926, © 2017 The Tretyakov or died there. advancing Allied armies, a train that optimistic – or incongruously State Gallery Till 17 April 2017 is “nothing but a travelling dunghill, romantic – than Marc Chagall. a lazaretto full of infection”, which Look at his celebratory wedding self-portrait Herzberg describes as “the tragedy of Promenade set in his home town of Vitebsk, the wounded hero who is falling, but in which his wife Bella floats above him in the who, in his downfall, is determined to clouds with the wedding wine glass, the green Annely Juda Fine Art drag his enemy with him. Even though all is lost, he still keeps his grip around houses and countryside and the ghost onion- 23 Dering Street his opponent’s throat. Beautiful, don’t dome of the church in the background. (off New Bond Street) you think? Movingly beautiful! Sieg But in 1922 Chagall grew disillusioned Heil! Sieg Heil! Never before has the and left for France. This nostalgia is seen Tel: 020 7629 7578 world heard a more strident death cry. in Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin’s Petrograd Fax: 020 7491 2139 For what else can it mean than, Long Madonna, reflecting the traditional style of CONTEMPORARY live death!” icon painting as the Madonna and child are There is little black and white here; viewed against a revolutionary background PAINTING AND SCULPTURE he examines many shades of grey.

8 MARCH 2017 journal

His expression is dry, with occasional OUTING GROUPS OUTING touches of sarcasm and Galgenhumor (“There I was with a Magen David on MONDAY 3 APRIL 2017 THURSDAY 16 MARCH 2017 my breast,” he writes of the camp evacuation ahead of the liberating Willow Road, Hampstead armies in 1945, “standing between Built by Erno Goldfinger cross and swastika begging for a piece Followed by lunch at of bread. Who would want to miss something like that in his life?”). His The Freemason’s Arms references to the dead and dying are devoid of emotion – it is the anaesthesia of his situation. Elstree and Borehamwood Museum is an It is hard to imagine the effect these independent local history museum which essays must have had so soon after the opened its doors in 2000. It evolved out of end of the war. Even 70 years later they a community history project with a small remain powerful; lessons of history collection of objects and photographs. Run never to be forgotten. entirely by volunteers, the museum has Tanya Tintner acquired a large collection of items leading to the production of themed displays and talks. 2 Willow Road is part of a terrace of three We will be visiting the new exhibition entitled: houses in Hampstead, London designed by FROM VILLAGE TO TOWN architect Ernö Goldfinger and completed in Thank Heaven for Emil Celebrating A Century Of Migration 1939. It has been managed by the National PUTZI’S MEMOIRS Trust since 1995 and is open to the public. which explores the changes to Borehamwood It was one of the first Modernist buildings by Mary Brainin Huttrer since the coming of the railways as wave after acquired by the Trust, giving rise to some Available from Amazon wave of new people settled in the Village and controversy, even said to be the inspiration his is a gem of a book. Mary made it a Town. Brainin Huttrer – whose nickname for a James Bond villain. After our visit we will have lunch at a is “Putzi” – has written about her No. 2 is the largest of the three houses and T local restaurant. life in Vienna, abruptly cut short by the features a spiral staircase designed by Danish arrival of Hitler and her family’s flight For details please call Susan Harrod on engineer Ove Arup. Goldfinger himself to England. 020 8385 3070 or email [email protected] designed much of the furniture and the house She describes life in her new country also contains a significant collection of 20th- and the trials of growing up here. century art by Bridget Riley, Marcel Duchamp, Many refugees have written similar Henry Moore and Max Ernst. autobiographies. But I have read none KT LUNCH We will have a guided tour of the property which describe their situation with such but due to the size numbers are limited to humour. Wednesday 8 March 2017 20, so be sure to book quickly. After the tour She describes the trials of living in we will walk to The Freemason’s Arms for a At Alyth Gardens Synagogue two course lunch. England with inadequate knowledge 12.30pm of the language, as well as an episode For details please call Susan Harrod on when aged seven she was sent to Please join us for lunch where we will be 020 8385 3070 or email [email protected] joined by two representatives from the Charity a boarding school that was more Citizens UK. This charity has recently initiated Dickensian than 1939. Fortunately, “The Dubs Fund” an arm of the charity to help she was with her big sister, Ruth, who support refugee children currently arriving in always managed to outwit the evil the UK. Lord Dubs, himself a Kind, has lent his JO SOVIN adults. name to this new project and hopes it will help One of my favourite episodes, CHAOS CONQUEROR refugee children, both in continuing to open Do you need help with amongst many, is when the most up safe and legal routes to sanctuary, but also de-cluttering, preparing for downsizing popular girl in the class enlisted the building durable community-led support for and moving, or finding organising teenage Mary to act as interpreter refugee children who have arrived in the UK to at her clandestine meetings with a lead a full and dignified life. and storage solutions? young German POW. The young man I can help brought along a friend for Mary and Booking is essential for catering purposes Jo Sovin – Chaos Conqueror they had to make conversation whilst [email protected] the other couple indulged in passionate Please either call Susan Harrod on www.josovin.com embraces. Mary struggled to find a 020 8385 3070 or email [email protected] subject and was delighted to find that 020 7263 8229 / 07905 581 794 Karl had read Emil and the Detectives, £7.00 per person Impeccable references provided which was the only German book she knew. They made this discussion last for the whole encounter. As Mary grew up her life had both AJR CARD AND GAMES CLUB comedy and tragedy. Each episode is Please join us at our new Card and Games Club utterly absorbing and I am sure that Tuesday 28 March 2017 at 1.00pm many of us would feel, on reading this at North Western Reform Synagogue, lovely book, that we would do well to Alyth Gardens, Temple Fortune, London NW11 7EN emulate Mary’s sense of humour in Open to all levels Bridge players – come and join us life’s difficult situations. We also offer card games, backgammon, scrabble you decide. I strongly recommend this book, not Games are dependent on numbers being sufficient – the more the merrier just to Austrian and German refugees, A sandwich lunch will be served upon arrival with tea, coffee and Danish pastries. who of course will love it, but also to anyone who wants a good and £7.00 per person satisfying read. Booking is essential – when you book please let us know your choice of game. Thea Valman Please either call Susan Harrod on 020 8385 3070 or email [email protected]

9 journal MARCH 2017 Care Charity to Expand Services ightingale Hammerson quality of life for all residents, has a long history and particularly those with Nreputation of providing dementia. Around 65 per cent care to older members of our of residents at Nightingale community, over the years Hammerson are living with housing and helping to support some form of dementia. When several AJR members. completed Hammerson House One long-standing AJR will be a world-class facility, fully member who is now resident equipped to provide exemplary at Nightingale House in residential, dementia and South London is Wlodka Blit nursing care for older people. Robertson, who escaped from The charity is famous for the Warsaw ghetto in 1943. its person-centred approach With Nightingale Hammersons’ Music is one of many therapies enjoyed by residents looking beyond the physical help, Wlodka still takes part health of their residents. in many Holocaust education Questions asked include how events. Just last month she is their mental wellbeing? What gave an inspiring talk to 90 sort of life did they lead? What schoolchildren, discussing how did they like to do when they to combat hate in the modern were younger? Are we taking world. account of things that might Wlodka and a number of create anxiety because of their other Holocaust survivors and life story? refugees take part every month Seemingly ordinary things in Nightingale Hammerson’s like therapies and activities can Conversation Café, a support make a huge difference. From project which enables pottery, to art, theatre and survivors to discuss their past music, and a conversation café, experiences in a safe and caring Wlodka Roberston speaking at Nightingale House Nightingale Hammerson offers environment. residents a huge selection of Now all of the fantastic creative therapies to enable Nightingale services that are them to reignite memories, on offer in South London will express themselves and increase soon be fully mirrored north of joy and happiness. It also runs the river, through a £36 million projects that are both inclusive redevelopment of the charity’s to all, but sensitive to the needs North London home which will of each individual. significantly broaden the level Generous donations help of care it can offer, support the activities and Hammerson House originally therapies provided and ensure opened over 50 years’ ago for no one is turned away from older people requiring relatively their homes for financial low levels of residential care. reasons. Even the residents get The situation today is very An impression of the new look Hammerson House, © Pollard involved. Later this year, Ann different and the focus of the Thomas Edward Rowe, who is 87, is taking part redevelopment reflects that. in a 5km push/run race called People are living longer, coming into The redevelopment will implement Parallel London. She will be pushed care homes much later in life, and improvements that will have a by a physio at Nightingale House, but many are experiencing dementia. significant, positive impact on the Ann plans to walk over the finish line!

www.fishburnbooks.com Books Bought SURVIVOR SPEAKS: Jonathan Fishburn buys and sells Modern and Old POLAND Jewish and Hebrew books, ephemera and items of n Thursday 2 March at 7:30pm Jewish interest. at JW3, the Ambassador of He is a member of the Antiquarian Poland, Arkady Rzegocki, will Booksellers Association. Eric Levene O be interviewed by Trudy Gold and Contact Jonathan on 020 8364 3554 / 07855387574 020 8455 9139 then be in conversation with Polish or 07813 803 889 [email protected] survivors. For more information see for more information I also purchase ephemera www.jw3.org.uk

10 MARCH 2017 journal

LOOKING FOR: SAVE THE DATES JOIN US THIS YEAR IN he AJR regularly receives messages AJR FILM CLUB LIVERPOOL from our members and other Please join us at our next Film Club. people looking for help in particular Sunday 21st May – Thursday T Our film showing will be at subjects. Here are some of the most 25th May 2017 Sha’arei Tsedek North London Reform recent requests – please get in touch Accompanied travel Synagogue, 120 Oakleigh Road North, by train from London to directly with the person concerned if you Whetstone N20 9EZ think you can help. Liverpool, plus four nights’ on Monday 13 March 2017 accommodation in Liverpool. The George Pub in London at 12.30pm We will also help arrange Richard Strimber is looking for any A lunch of smoked salmon bagels, travel from other parts of information about a pub that his late Danish pastries and tea or coffee will be England to Liverpool. mother Lilo Strimber, nee Liselotte served first. Highlights of this trip will include The Albert Gesztesi, used to frequent during Dock and the museums of Liverpool based WWII. Apparently it was a very popular HUNTING ELEPHANTS there; Southport with a Fish & Chip lunch; Port meeting place for pro-Israeli groups and (This film has sub-titles so we will be Sunlight; Lady Lever Art Gallery; a ferry across Czechoslovakian Jews. showing it on a large screen to make The Mersey; The Beatles Magical Mystery [email protected] viewing easier) Tour; Speke Hall Tudor House; Princes Road Synagogue and much more. Stones & Congenhoe Three elderly men and grandson Yonatan find themselves stuck together in a Jerusalem nursing All meals and travel will be included. Kindertransportees home. The kid is a genius, but stammers and is Places are limited. Susi Weiss, who traveled on the bullied at school. Yonatan's grandfather, Eliahu, Please call Susan Harrod on Kinderstransport from Vienna with her whom he had never met, is a former member of the brother Peter, is keen to track any of 020 8385 3070 for full information and Lehi (pre-State Jewish underground), and a cold booking forms or email the eight other children who were all person. Eliahu's best friend from Lehi, Nick, is full of [email protected] fostered by a Quaker family named Max ambition and passion that will never materialize; and & Sylvia Stone, who subsequently moved Eliahu's English brother-in-law, a has-been, third- them all to Cogenhoe in Northampton. rate actor in debt for 232,000 euros. There's one thing keeping them together – they all want to rob AJR ANNUAL LUNCH One of the other children was called the bank that employed Yonatan's deceased father Thomas Feuer (d.o.b. 30 May 1930) and to avenge it for not paying the Yonatan's mother Sunday 10th September 2017 another was Frances Tetzner, who was compensation for his dad's death, due to the "small Holiday Inn, Borehamwood later formally adopted by the Stones. print" in his employment contract. And they want the Further details to follow Susi, who now lives in the US, is being money to make their last wish come true. helped in her search by Denise Robinson, An Israeli award winning comedy – join us for an whose email address is below. afternoon of laughs. [email protected] £7.00 per person WHY NOT TRY AJR’S Mike Papo BOOKING IS ESSENTIAL MEALS ON WHEELS Adrian Sichel would like to contact the SERVICE? son of the late Dr M Papo, Rabbi of the Please call Susan Harrod on 020 8385 3070 Sephardic community in Zimbabwe. He or email [email protected] The AJR offers a kosher Meals on Wheels is responding to an enquiry posted by service delivered to your door once a week. Mike Papo himself in the AJR Journal in The meals are freshly cooked every week by Kosher to Go. They are then frozen prior to 2010. [email protected] JACKMAN . delivery. Feelings about Berlin The cost is £7.00 for a three-course meal For a new research project, Professor SILVERMAN (soup, main course, desert) Joachim Schlör has read through several plus a £1 delivery fee. collections of letters exchanged between COMMERCIAL PROPERTY CONSULTANTS Our aim is to bring good food to your door former Berliners from all over the without the worry of shopping or cooking. world and representatives of the city For further details, please call and institutions such as the Jewish Telephone: 020 7209 5532 AJR Head Office on 020 8385 3070. Museum or the Centrum Judaicum. [email protected] Deeply impressed by the variety of Berlin-related feelings in these letters, LEO BAECK HOUSING ASSOCIATION he would be grateful if readers with a Berlin background would contact him. spring grove CLARA NEHAB HOUSE [email protected] London’s Most Luxurious RESIDENTIAL CARE HOME If you would like to place a search RETIREMENT HOME Small caring residential home in a future issue of the AJR Journal 214 Finchley Road with large attractive gardens then please email [email protected], London NW3 close to local shops and public transport including the words SEARCH REQUEST  Entertainment 25 single rooms with full en suite facilities. in the title of your email.  Activities 24 hour Permanent and Respite Care  Stress Free Living Entertainment & Activities provided.  24 House Staffing Excellent Cuisine Ground Floor Lounge and Dining Room Kindertransport  Full En-Suite Facilities • Lift access to all floors. by Diane Samuels Call for more information or a personal tour For further information please contact: is being staged by the Tower Theatre Company at 020 8446 2117 The Manager, Clara Nehab House, Camden’s Theatro Technis between 4 – 8 April. or 020 7794 4455 13-19 Leeside Crescent, London NW11 0DA More info via www.towertheatre.org.uk/ [email protected] Telephone: 020 8455 2286

11 journal MARCH 2017 she is doing at a local care home, as a scrumptious afternoon tea of her now part of the Yoni Jesner Award Scheme. infamous baking! The award honours the memory of Wendy Bott avid volunteer Yoni, who was just 19 years’ old when he was killed by a NORTH WEST LONDON How to suicide bomber in Tel Aviv. Sienna also commemorate? gave us an interesting account of her Our first lunch meeting of 2017 INSIDE school JCoSS. focused on Holocaust Memorial Day. the Leslie Sommer Opinions were mixed as to whether HMD should be just for the Jewish AJR EDGWARE Record chaplaincy Holocaust, with other more recent Dr Rob Ginsberg gave a fascinating genocides having their own memorial talk on his father Major Rabbi Alec days (Editor’s note: interesting CARDS & GAMES CLUB Rummikub Ginsberg, who was the longest serving point, let us know what you think). is Favourite Jewish British Army Chaplain. He spent Either way, we must preserve the Our monthly club takes place at Alyth, many of his 16 years’ service overseas, memories and I’m proud that a photo after a lovely lunch. There’s a good in various post-war areas where Jews of my wife Charlotte (a survivor born choice of games (Rummikub is my of all ranks were still serving, and then in Vienna) and myself with our sons personal choice) – please look out for worked as a Rabbi here in the UK. and grandsons is now on permanent future dates and come along for what Edgar Ring display in Block 27 at Auschwitz. is always a fun afternoon. David Lang David Lang ESSEX Life goes on This was the first meeting without PINNER Prison badge our Chairman Otto Deutsch who sadly Wearing his official ‘Jewish Rabbi’ SCOTLAND REMEMBERS passed away on 3 January, and we badge, Keith Simons shared a mix of THE HOLOCAUST spent the time fondly reminiscing. serious and amusing stories drawn Otto always spoke English with a from his 30 years’ as a volunteer prison Scotland’s National HMD event was strong Viennese accent, but was also chaplain, He gave a fascinating insight held at Bishopbriggs Academy in known to revert to Geordie, having into how Jewish prisoners are helped East Dunbarton. Speakers included lived with and learned English from by the community, including with Scotland’s Deputy First Minister a Christian family in Newcastle after kashrut matters. John Swinney, Umutese Stewart – arriving on the Kindertransport. Robert Gellman who survived the 1984 Rwandan Larry Lisner Genocide, unlike other members of her family – and Saskia Tepe, GLASGOW BOOK CLUB Thumbs up MAKING MEMORIES whose mother Brigitte survived the for coffee Holocaust. Pupils from local schools Heavy snow showers led to a smaller Rabbi Mark Goldsmith of Alyth performed with distinction and the than usual turnout, but everyone Gardens synagogue was the main memorial prayer was sung by Rabbi enjoyed a delicious afternoon tea and speaker at the first Kindertransport Moshe Rubin. agreed that The Little Coffee Shop of Group lunch meeting of 2017. His Meanwhile First and Second Kabul made excellent reading. Here’s theme was the important subject Generation survivors joined a packed hoping that next month’s book, Silver of Making memories for the future, audience to hear Professor Phillippe Linings Play Book is just as good. speculating on what younger Sands QC talk at the 17th Glasgow Anthea Berg generations will tell their children University Holocaust Memorial about the Shoah in years to come, Lecture, which is sponsored by HARROGATE & YORK and the need to employ modern the AJR. Professor Sands talked 70th anniversary technology to ensure that memories about the origins of genocide We met for a delicious lunch at are preserved. and crimes against humanity, and the lovely home of Marc and Rozi David Lang also described becoming personal Schatzberger, who had just celebrated friends with the son of Hans Frank, their 70th wedding anniversary. We who was Hitler’s personal lawyer chatted about recent and forthcoming PRESTWICH Animated discussion and governor-general of the Polish Holocaust memorial events, Mr Trump The conversation became most Territories. and many other things…as always animated as Mr Trump’s name was Agnes Spier conversation flowed and a good time raised over lunch at the lovely home was had by all! of Louise Elliott in Manchester. Other Wendy Bott topics included antisemitism at BRIGHTON & HOVE Late but lovely universities. As always a good time Because of the rail strike our Chanukah ILFORD Welcome back was had by all. party was very late this year, but During a very pleasant and leisurely Wendy Bott nevertheless we enjoyed the doughnuts morning, we discussed many and the quiz. Remembering our interesting topics. We were particularly RADLETT Picture this families, we also had a debate about delighted to welcome back Josie and Members took the opportunity to the forthcoming Holocaust Memorial Peter Granby after Peter’s recent stay share their stories with a young Day and religious expression. in hospital. photographer Benji Gordon, which Ceska Abrahams Meta Roseneil resulted in a lively cross-generational discussion about the Holocaust’s EALING Learning from the young LEEDS Sweet treats origins, forgiveness and learning from Twelve year old Sienna Noxton came to Leeds members enjoyed a lovely social at history. talk to us about the volunteering work the home of Barbara Cammerman and Merritt Jagusch

12 MARCH 2017 journal

CONTACTS MARCH GROUP eventS Susan Harrod As the exact timings of these events are often subject to last minute changes Lead Outreach & Events we do not include them in the AJR Journal and suggest you contact the relevant Co-ordinator regional contact for full details. 020 8385 3070 [email protected] Wendy Bott Book Club 1 March Discussion and tea Northern Outreach Co-ordinator Glasgow 1 March Outing to Garrion Antiques and Garden Centre 07908 156 365 [email protected] Ilford 1 March Kathryn Prevezer and Colin Davey – ‘A virtual Agnes Isaacs tour of Jewish Soho’ Northern Outreach Co-ordinator Cheshire 1 March Social get-together 07908 156 361 [email protected] Pinner 2 March Please bring along a possession that has a Kathryn Prevezer story behind it and tell us the story Southern Outreach Co-ordinator Sheffield 5 March Dr Julie Macdonald, High Sheriff of 07966 969 951 [email protected] Nottingham Esther Rinkoff Bath / Bristol 6 March Refugees and Immigration from Kinder to Southern Outreach Co-ordinator present day 07966 631 778 [email protected] Ealing 7 March Nick Dobson – ‘An Underground Guide to Eva Stellman London’ Southern Outreach Co-ordinator Norfolk 7 March Second Generation speaker to be confirmed 07904 489 515 [email protected] Harrogate / York 8 March Social get-together KT-AJR (Kindertransport) Oxford 9 March Social at home of Helga Brown Susan Harrod Muswell Hill 9 March Inaugural meeting 020 8385 3070 [email protected] Bradford 10 March Lunch at Salt Mills Child Survivors’ Association-AJR Henri Obstfeld Essex (Westcliff) 14 March Ronnie Schwartz – ‘East London’ 020 8954 5298 [email protected] Radlett 15 March Lawrence Colin – ‘Ogenarians’ Brighton 20 March Lawrence Colin – ‘Ogenarians’ Edgware 21 March Philippa Bernard – ‘Roderigo Lopez: Physician to Queen Elizabeth I’ CLASSIFIED Didsbury 22 March Social get-together Joseph Pereira (ex-AJR caretaker Nottingham 22 March Film afternoon – ‘Woman in Gold’ over 22 years) is now available for DIY repairs and general Manchester 26 March Speaker – Brian Greene maintenance. North West London 27 March Helen Pankhurst – ‘History of Famous Aunt No job too small, Emily’ very reasonable rates. Liverpool 28 March Fingerprinting speaker Please telephone Wembley 29 March Social get-together 07966 887 485 North London 30 March Peter Hedderley – ‘The Winton train and other journeys’ Ealing 4 April Harvey Bratt from UJIA WHY NOT Book Club 5 April Discussion and tea CONVERT Ilford 5 April A return of one of our regular speakers – David YOUR OLD CINE Barnett FILMS AND PUT THEM ON DVDS PillarCare FREE OF CHARGE? Eastbourne Quality support and care at home Contact Alf Buechler at  Hourly Care from 4 hours – 24 hours [email protected] or tel 020 8554 5635 Lansdowne Hotel  Live-In/Night Duty/Sleepover Care Sunday 11 June to  Sunday 18 June 2017 Convalescent and Personal Health Care  Compassionate and Affordable Service Come and join us for a week  Professional, Qualified, Kind Care Staff Make new friends and meet up  Registered with the CQC and UKHCA with old friends Call us on Freephone 0800 028 4645 £425pp for twin/double PILLARCARE 10-DAY VISIT TO ISRAEL £450 for single room THE BUSINESS CENTRE · 36 GLOUCESTER AVENUE · LONDON NW1 7BB NOVEMBER 2017 Sea View rooms an additional £15 per room per night PHONE: 020 7482 2188 · FAX: 020 7900 2308 The AJR is considering organising a Carol Rossen will be among those www.pillarcare.co.uk 10-day trip to Israel in early November this accompanying the trip year. The cost of the visit is not yet decided. Space is limited so book early Carol Rossen will be accompanying the trip. For further details, switch on electrics If you would like to join the trip, please telephone Lorna Moss Rewires and all household please contact Lorna Moss on 020 8385 3070 electrical work on 020 8385 3070 or at PHONE PAUL: 020 8200 3518 [email protected] as soon as possible. Mobile: 0795 614 8566

13 journal MARCH 2017 ObituarIES Dr Kurt Schapira, MD FRCP FRCPsych DPM Julius Jakob Klein Born in Vienna, 2 December 1928. Died in Newcastle upon Tyne, 4 April 1925 – 27 December 2016 20 November 2016, aged 87 ulius Klein orn in Vienna but practising in and clinical features of MS, many of which was born in Newcastle, Dr Kurt Schapira are often cited today. Düsseldorf personified the image of the Jewish In 1961 Kurt negotiated a transfer to J on 4 April Bpsychiatrist – wise, warm, generous and the University Department of Psychiatry. 1925, the second sympathetic, with a depth of experience Promotion to Senior Registrar followed, then child of Lilli Klein and fund of jokes. He was also First Assistant to Professor, then (née Plotke) and a leading researcher into the Lecturer and, in 1970, Senior Rabbi Dr.Siegfried effects of Multiple Sclerosis Lecturer. His final move was to Klein – the much- (MS). become Consultant Psychiatrist to loved “Junior” Rabbi of the mainstream Jewish Kurt’s happy early childhood the Newcastle Health Authority community in Düsseldorf. in Vienna was spent in a in 1974, whilst remaining an Julius was 13 years old when, during the traditional orthodox Jewish Honorary Lecturer. He retired night of 9 November 1938, he watched SA home with his older sister Jenny, from the NHS in 1989. troops force their way into the family home, until his mother died when he He participated in studies on assault his parents and vandalise everything in was seven. By this time, Hitler was firmly anxiety and depression and undertook his their path. Together with his parents, Julius in power. In 1938, sometime between own research into suicide and attempted was marched down to Düsseldorf Police HQ March (the Anschluss) and November suicide. He also became particularly adept at and released with his mother the next day. (Kristallnacht), his beloved father – a treating sufferers from anorexia nervosa. He His father was detained for a further 12 days. wholesaler in household linens – was sent contributed several articles on these and other In early 1939 Julius (and, separately, to Germany to be incarcerated in Dachau subjects, and lectured as far afield as Brisbane, his sister Hanna) arrived here thanks to and then Buchenwald. There he managed Minnesota, Montreal and Jerusalem. the Kindertransport. His parents were not to secure a visa for Shanghai via London. In retirement he continued his research so fortunate. In October 1941 they were He stayed in London and was joined by one into factors influencing suicide. His last deported to Łodz Ghetto where, a few months brother. article on the subject, in collaboration with later, his mother succumbed to the twin Meanwhile, 10 year old Kurt and his others, appeared in June 2016. horrors of starvation and lack of hygiene. In sister were sent first to their maternal aunt He was a member of several committees 1944 his father was transported to Auschwitz and uncle in Berlin, and then on separate within the university and the Royal College and probably murdered on arrival. Kindertransports to England in 1939. The of Psychiatrists, as well as examiner for Julius was taken in by Arnold and Lena rest of their large extended family all perished. various psychiatry-related degrees and Levy, a childless couple living in Petersfield. Arriving at Liverpool Street, Kurt president of two professional bodies. He There he absorbed the ethos of orthodox found no one to meet him, due to faulty enjoyed teaching and regularly topped Judaism which was to sustain him throughout communications. Sent back to Harwich, student ratings for the wit and erudition of his life. he spent his first night in England in the his lectures. He was equally popular among In 1998, almost 60 years later, Julius – nearby converted Dovercourt Holiday non-medical audiences, especially on the art accompanied by his niece Marion – set foot Camp, sobbing. The following day he was of Chagall and Salvador Dali and the artistic in Düsseldorf for the first time since leaving reunited with his father. They had lodgings portrayal of doctors and lawyers. He was also in 1939. Marion recorded an interview with in Stamford Hill and he was educated at the a connoisseur of opera and classical music, him in which the most striking characteristic orthodox Hasmonean Grammar School, particularly Mozart and Giuseppe Verdi, is the absence of any emotional expression. which was evacuated to Bedfordshire in 1944. referring to the latter as Joe Green. Understandably but sadly, the events of the late Under the tutelage of Rabbonim Schonfeld In 1965 he married Eva who, sadly, 1930s had a lasting effect on Julius: he found and Spitzer, Kurt proved an excellent pupil had recently been widowed and brought it extremely difficult to express his feelings. but, unlike most of the boys who went on to two children into the marriage: Susie (now Without a soulmate, Julius devoted his become rabbis, he chose medicine. In 1947 he retired but previously the Manager at the life to his adoptive Portsmouth & Southsea gained a place at Newcastle Medical School, AJR Centre in Cleve Road) and Steven (a Hebrew Congregation and to the cause of qualifying five years later. practising solicitor), both proud to call Kurt inter-religious relations. He was a member He served his "house jobs" in Paediatrics their father. Kurt and Eva had a son, Martin, of the Portsmouth branch of the Standing at the Fleming Memorial Hospital for Sick a psychotherapist. Advisory Council on Religious Education, a Children and in Adult Medicine at Dryburn A genial extrovert and renowned cause close to his heart. Whilst not a qualified Hospital, Durham. After a two-year National raconteur, Kurt was always willing to speak rabbi he often led services, and was a pillar of Service stint in the Royal Army Medical about his childhood experiences to audiences the community. Corps he returned to Newcastle for the rest ranging from schoolchildren to prisoners, Julius spent the whole of his adult life in of his career and his life. and was proud to meet Prince Charles at a and around Southsea until November 2015 In 1956 he was appointed research reception for Kindertransport survivors. when he moved to a Jewish residential home fellow for the eminent neuropsychiatrist, From the Danube to the Tyne was a in North London where he endeared himself Dr (later Professor) Henry Miller, head of long and arduous journey, both physically to staff and residents alike. Within days he had the newly established neurology department and metaphorically, but Kurt Schapira taken charge of lighting candles and leading at the Newcastle Royal Victoria Infirmary. felt very secure within the Newcastle prayers, not only on the Jewish festivals but Kurt’s work involved the mammoth task of Jewish community and often expressed his every Friday evening. reviewing over 1,000 local sufferers of MS, indebtedness to England for accepting him His death leaves one surviving member which opened his eyes to the psychological as a refugee. of the older generation of our family. Despite effects of degenerative disease. This became He leaves his wife, Eva, three children, being a very private man, Julius was a huge his specialist subject, contributing towards 16 sister, five grandchildren and four great- presence and his passing will leave an unfillable published scientific articles between 1959 and grandchildren. void. 1967 on various aspects of the epidemiology Ruth Rothenberg Marion Koebner

14 MARCH 2017 journal ObituarIES Felix Franks Otto Deutsch Born 21 March 1926, 1928-2017 Died 5 September 2016 tto was one of those rare people a life partner. elix Franks was the son who captivated the attention of Eventually, one weekend in the early of Henriette Muller those around him. He befriended 1970s, he visited Southend-on-Sea and and Paul Frankfurther, Opeople from all communities, leaving a fell in love with it. He bought a flat in whoF ran a successful textile lasting impression of kindness, tolerance Southchurch and never left. He was an business in Berlin. Sadly, his and endurance despite hardship and active member of the Southend and mother died very young, and atrocity in his young life that most people Westcliff Hebrew Congregation for over his father remarried Nina are fortunate never to 40 years. He would sit Lachman. They lived in a experience. in the same corner each spacious villa in Dahlem with Otto was born in Shabbat, sharing stories of a large family nearby. Vienna on 12 July 1928 his life with all who asked. As Nazi clouds gathered, Felix frequently skipped to Victor and Wilma Otto was fiercely school. In 1936 he slipped unnoticed into the Deutsch, poor but loving independent, preferring Olympics. He saw Jesse Owens win a race and Hitler parents. He spent the to make his own way storm out in disgust. early years of his life, whenever he could. He Felix and his sisters arrived at a Jewish boarding along with his older sister loved classical music, school in Surrey in April 1939 via the Kindertransport. Adele, as part of the large Jewish pre-war arranging shows of his favourite Austrian Their parents escaped Berlin days before war broke community in the Favoriten district until pieces at the shul and the local council out, with the secret help of Magda Goebbels, who was the Nazis invaded Austria before the start offices. He never learned to cook, but fostered by Nina’s family during WWI. They rented of WWII. enjoyed eating out every day, either at rooms in Hampstead and his father borrowed money His childhood and family were then the Christian Fellowship Centre or at to send Felix to Haberdashers School. savagely destroyed. First his father was the town cafés that served Austrian-style In 1943, having changed his name to Franks, betrayed on Kristallnacht in November food with rice. He was especially fond of Felix enlisted. He fought in the D-Day landings and 1938 by their neighbour and former chicken soup! witnessed the liberation of Belsen, before spending friend, Kurt Kowatsch. Otto knew him as In 2007 Rabbi Binyamin Bar organised two years working undercover in Soviet East Germany. Uncle Kurt. He had been in the Imperial his barmitzvah. On his German passport, In 1948 Franks became naturalised and studied Austrian Army in WWI with Victor and as for all male Jews who lived under Nazi physical chemistry at London University. In 1950 they were both decorated soldiers. Otto control, the second name of Israel was he met fellow refugee Hedy Werner, originally from never again saw his father, who was inserted. Rabbi Bar suggested that even Czechoslovakia and a survivor of Terezin. They were assigned to the Forced Labour Battalion though the name was originally a symbol married by Rabbi Georg Salzberger at the New Liberal that built Germany’s first autobahns. of degradation, Otto should now wear it synagogue. Otto himself was then forced to flee with pride. And so Otto Deutsch became Franks gained a PhD at Birkbeck and held Vienna on the Kindertransport. His ‘Yisroel ben Avraham’. His only regret was academic posts at Bradford, Nottingham and mother queued desperately long hours that his family was not there to celebrate Cambridge, interspersed with work for Unilever and to secure Otto a ticket. As he walked one what was also his 79th birthday. Carnegie Mellon. He focused on the fundamental last time with his mother and sister to At social events children would always physical properties of water, earning the nickname catch the train, her parting wish became enjoy hanging around Otto, whose face “Water Franks”. embedded in his memory forever: he beamed pure joy. He was in great demand Later Franks turned to preservation technologies, should never lose his Yiddishkeit. at home and abroad by schools, clubs and including freeze drying. His group of six people at Otto and his cousin Alfred Kessler organisations, giving talks on his early life Cambridge Science Park worked for 18 of the top 20 landed at Harwich on 6 July 1939 and in Vienna and England. As an active AJR major pharmaceutical companies. Collaborating with went to live with a Christian couple, member he was well known amongst both a US biotech company he developed inhalable insulin, the Fergusons, in Morpeth. Otto called Holocaust survivors and interfaith groups. ending daily injections for some diabetic patients. them Auntie Nell and Uncle Jim. The internet contains many articles and He gained widespread recognition and in 2014 an They ensured Otto had some Jewish interviews of him talking in his familiar international conference was held in his honour at education by arranging monthly visits Austrian accent and his story can be found Cambridge. from a yeshiva student in nearby in a number of books about the Holocaust, Franks was a fine pianist and cellist, playing in Gateshead. Very sadly, his parents most recently in “Who betrayed the Jews?” music ensembles into his late 80s. He sang in Finchley and sister, all of whom he adored and by Agnes Grunwald-Spier. Reform Synagogue choir and played the organ at never tired of speaking about, were Otto was a dearly loved and much Bradford Reform Synagogue. murdered by the Nazis on 24 May 1942 respected man, both for what he went In 2000 Felix retired from Cambridge and he along with many others at the Maly through to escape the Nazis, leaving his and Hedy moved to London. Having seen his family Trostinec concentration camp near family behind, and as a symbol of good scattered during WWII, being close to his children Minsk, Belarus. In 2011 Otto visited triumphing over evil, reminding us always was crucial. He was a devoted father and grandfather, the forests where they were killed and to be vigilant against such evil, whatever frequently taking the entire family on summer holidays their bodies burned. He said kaddish for form it take. to the South Tyrol, where he had spent happy times them and left a photo pinned to a tree Otto Deutsch died peacefully at his as a child. in their memory. home as the New Year was beginning, In 2006 Felix’s story was featured in ‘Heimat und When Otto turned 16 he made his way leaving behind five first cousins. His Exil’ – an exhibition at the Jewish Museum in Berlin. to London and worked as a tour guide, memory will burn brightly forever and He returned there in 2015 aged 89 to speak to German putting his language skills to good use his devotion to the family he lost will be schoolchildren. with the burgeoning business of European a shining example of how love can endure He is survived by his wife Hedy, daughters Suzanne tours. There were several ladies to whom despite the most heinous of atrocities and Carolyn and five grandchildren. he was close at different times of his life but being committed. Suzanne Franks for various different reasons none became Kevin Leigh

15 journal MARCH 2017

Reclaiming Identity Joint AJR & German Embassy EventS Dorothea Shefer-Vanson On 16 March at 6pm at the German Embassy, 34 Belgrave Square, there will be a panel discussion during which the author Thomas Harding, QC Philippe Sands and Prof Mary Fulbrook will Leo Baeck and Jewish Liberalism discuss approaches of Holocaust survivors or ucked away in a quiet Jerusalem lecture. After a brief welcome from the their descendants to looking at their family’s side-street is the Leo Baeck Institute. Deputy German Ambassador to Israel, five background and what this means with regard to Its official purpose is ‘the study of different experts in aspects of Liberal Judaism confronting and reclaiming their (German) identity. TGerman and Central European Jewry’ and as currently practised in Israel and elsewhere, On Friday 17 March between 10am – 12 noon it hosts a wide range of lectures, symposia gave a short lecture. Professor Moshe Halbertal at the offices of the AJR, a delegation from the German citizenship authority “Federal Office of and seminars. Sister institutes can be found of the Hebrew University spoke about the Administration” (Bundesverwaltungsamt) will be in Frankfurt, New York, London and Berlin, importance of ethics and spiritualism in the available for questions re naturalisation according and the Jerusalem institute. USA today and how this features in the focus to Art. 116 (2) Basic Law. One recent sysmposium, held in of Liberal Judaism. Dr. Hillel Ben-Sasson, Please contact Susan Harrod via partnership with the Association of Former of the Jewish Theological Seminary in New [email protected] or 020 8385 3078 Residents of Central Europe and Beit York, spoke about the central position of the for more information or to book. Theresienstadt, the Theresienstadt Martyrs individual in Liberal Judaism in the USA Remembrance Association, was entitled and the heightened attention placed on the ‘Liberal Judaism Then and Now, Sixty Years separation of religion and state in the political approach to religion throughout Judaism, Since the Passing of Rabbi Doctor Leo Baeck.’ arena, the implication being that this is sadly including even the orthodox variety, and The turnout for a cold, wet December lacking in modern Israel. certainly in Liberal Judaism. evening was surprisingly large, and I was For me personally the talk by Rabbi Gabi Finally, Dr. Margalit Shlein, who heads lucky to find an empty chair at the back of Dagan, who heads the Leo Baeck institutions the Theresienstadt Martyrs Remembrance the hall to hear the director of the Institute, in Haifa, was particularly interesting. The Association, gave an outline of Rabbi Professor Samuel Feiner’s introductory emphasis there, starting in kindergarten and Dr. Leo Baeck’s activities during 1943 going through to high- – 1945 when he was incarcerated in the school and vocational Theresienstadt Ghetto. Although given education classes, is on preferential treatment as a ‘Prominent,’ he inculcating the values devoted himself to bringing succour to the of Liberal Judaism as other inmates, providing spiritual guidance opposed to the rote as well as lectures connected with his religious learning and restricted philosophy and outlook. intellectual scope of Dr. Shlein was at pains to point out orthodox Jewish learning. that, although he was aware of the fate of He stressed how this the Jews at Auschwitz, Rabbi Baeck kept approach had been the information to himself, fearing that advocated by Rabbi knowledge would serve to deter those being Leo Baeck himself, deported from cooperating, and thus cause and that pupils who go additional suffering. When the prisoners through their educational were finally released in May 1945, Rabbi institutions are equipped Baeck refused to leave until the last prisoners for life with an open mind, had left. an enquiring approach, The evening ended on a lighter note, tolerance and acceptance with singers performing songs in English, of others, and recognition German, Yiddish and Hebrew. of the importance of self-realisation within NOTE FROM EDITOR: Rabbi Dr Leo the framework of the Baeck was a figure of great importance to community. the AJR and its members. One of the leading Professor Ruhama Liberal rabbis in Germany, he refused every Weiss of the Hebrew opportunity to emigrate after 1933, stating Union College spoke of that he would leave only when the last Jew had Reception for survivors and refugees from 3pm Yom HaShoah ceremony 4.30pm the importance of feminist left Germany. After surviving Theresienstadt interpretations of the (Terezin), he came to Britain, where he was

book your tickets now at Talmud, particularly the acknowledged as the spiritual leader of the yomhashoah.org.uk/nationalevent Babylonian Talmud. She German Jews who had fled abroad. He wrote noted with satisfaction the front-page article for the first issue of AJR www.facebook.com/yomhashoah @yomhashoahuk an increasingly feminist Information in January 1946. Operating under the auspices of The Board Deputies Charitable Foundation Charity No. 1058107

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