Elegy and Self-Presentation in Early Modern England a Dissertation

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Elegy and Self-Presentation in Early Modern England a Dissertation The Form of Selfhood: Elegy and Self-Presentation in Early Modern England A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Asa D. Olson IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY John Watkins, Dissertation Adviser June, 2018 © 2018 Asa D. Olson ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Table of Contents Introduction: A Worthless Genre 1 Chapter 1: Elegy, Not Epic Generic Polemic and Self-Presentation in Rome 21 Chapter 2: Shakespeare, the Ovidian Poet Disciplining Self-Presentation in The Two Gentlemen of Verona 67 Chapter 3: Donne, the Sincere Poet Interrogating Selfhood in John Donne’s Elegies 102 Chapter 4: Milton, The Grave Poet Exile from Idleness in the Elegiarum Liber 127 Conclusion 172 Bibliography 176 Appendix: Elegy’s Reception From Augustan Rome to Early Modern England 188 i Introduction: A Worthless Genre Haec ego mente olim laeva, studioque supino, Nequitiae posui vana trophaea meae. These trifles are the empty monuments of my idleness that I set down, at one time, with silly reason and negligent fire. —John Milton’s Epigraph to his Elegiarum Liber, ll. 1-2 The lines above conclude John Milton’s book of elegies as they are published in his 1645 Poems. Whether this epigraph’s opening lines refer to only the preceding poem (“Elegia Septima”) or the entire collection is a topic of contention; however, the reference to Milton’s subject of his nequitia stands out for several reasons. Milton uses the word with some contempt and is actually asserting his dutiful reformation of morals since his youth, but the word is one that the Roman love elegists Propertius and Ovid embrace in their own collections.1 In the opening poem of his second book of Amores, for example, Ovid declares himself to be “nequitiae Naso poeta meae,” “Naso, the poet of my wantonness” (Amores 2.1.2). Propertius likewise uses the word in his poem to Tullus, who invites him along on a journey for glory through arms (Prop. 1.6). Propertius rejects the honorable path for love, requesting from Tullus: “me sine, quem semper voluit fortuna iacere, / huic animam extremam reddere nequitiae,” “Give leave to me, whom fortune has always desired to lie in ruins, to surrender my dying breath to this worthlessness” (1.6.25-26). Even in the 9 extant lines of Gallus, the earliest of the Roman elegists, we find the word, seemingly attributed to his beloved Lycoris.2 Nequitiae, in its prominence, is intricately entangled with the definition of elegy. It denotes, as my 1 For a sense of how often the term is used, who uses it, and for what purposes, see Propertius 1.6.26, 1.15.38, 2.5.2, 2.6.30, 2.24.6, 3.10.24, 3.19.10. Ovid Amores 2.1.2, 3.1.17, 3.4.10, 3.11.37, 3.14.17; Ars Amatoria 2.392; Heroides 4.17, 17.29; Fasti 1.414; Tristia 2.280. 2 See Edward Courtney, The Fragmentary Latin Poets (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993): Nequitia … a Lycori tua (fr. 2.1). 1 translations so far have shown, a variety of meanings, including idleness, wantonness, and worthlessness. It can reflect the elegists’ embrace of otium (idle leisure) over officium (duty), their preference for love over anything else, and their apathy toward modern values. Indeed, “value” is what is at stake in these examples, which declare the genre’s worthlessness and request that the reader decide whether these poems do indeed have any value. In Roman elegy, one frequent topos in which the question of “worth” is raised is the recusatio or the refusal to write in a higher genre, especially epic. Prop. 1.6, for example, engages with this issue when contrasting the soldier with the lover. This contrast between the soldier and lover is no far cry from the contrast of the poet of war and the poet of love, the subject of the subsequent elegy, Prop. 1.7. The idea in such poems is that the epic poet justifies his literary activity by performing some act of civic duty by writing about politics or history, especially in early imperial Rome when epic material had much to do with issues of nationhood and sovereignty. To some extent, the epic poet could be seen as engaging in a form of civic officium or at least otium negotiosum (a busy, justified sort of leisure). In elegiac recusationes, however, the poet usually rejects a request or opportunity to compose epic in order to continue writing elegies and pursuing love, whose subject (especially in contrast with epic) appears to be rather trivial. This contention between epic and elegiac utility is the subject of the first chapter of this dissertation, where I suggest a reason for the polemic’s prominence; however, this contention exists today too in literary scholarship. With all our attempts to disrupt notions of generic hierarchy and concepts of the canon, epic still maintains that privilege over elegy, and in studies of classical reception—the appropriation and 2 adaptation of ancient Greek and Roman texts—scholars still favor the politics of epic over all that elegy offers, at least as it pertains to early modern England.3 We might consider the multitude of books on the reception of Virgil’s Aeneid and his other hexameter verse poems (the Eclogues and Georgics)4 or the special attention to Ovid’s only epic, the Metamorphoses, over his numerous elegiac collections: the Amores, Ars Amatoria, Heroides, Fasti, Tristia, and Epistulae Ex Ponto.5 Yet, early modern writers knew many of these texts just as well as they knew Virgil’s Aeneid or Ovid’s Metamorphoses, and a modern scholar can be justified in wondering how many Renaissance writers actually read the Aeneid from cover to cover without hesitating to assume their close familiarity with, for example, the Heroides. In this dissertation, I want to challenge modern understandings of elegy’s role in the classical world and, especially, early modern England.6 Following Tibullus’, Propertius’, and Ovid’s lead, as they 3 For representative books on the reception of epic, see David Quint, Epic and Empire: Politics and Generic Form from Virgil to Milton (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993); Richard Helgerson, Self- Crowned Laureates: Spenser, Jonson, Milton, and the Literary System (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983); Patrick Cheney, Spenser’s Famous Flight: A Renaissance Idea of a Literary Career (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993); Colin Burrow, Epic Romance: From Homer to Milton (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993); Thomas M. Greene, The Descent from Heaven: A Study in Epic Continuity (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1963). 4 For representative books on the reception of Virgil in this period, see Margaret Tudeau-Clayton, Jonson, Shakespeare and Early Modern Virgil (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998); John Watkins, The Specter of Dido: Spenser and Virgilian Epic (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1995). For the Eclogues, see Annabel M. Patterson, Pastoral and Ideology: Virgil to Valery (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987); Helen Cooper, Pastoral: Mediaeval into Renaissance (Ipswich: Brewer, 1977). For the Georgics, see J. Chalker, The English Georgic: A Study in the Development of Form (Baltimore: John Hopkins Press, 1969); Anthony Low, The Georgic Revolution (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1985). Several other scholars are worth mention here for their work on reception, though they do not directly address the period, including Craig W. Kallendorf’s works on Virgil, and the works of Thomas K. Hubbard, E. Kegel-Brinkgreve, and Thomas G. Rosenmeyer on pastoral. 5 Charles Martindale, John Milton and the Transformation of Ancient Epic (Totowa, NJ: Barnes & Noble Books, 1986); R. J. DuRocher, Milton and Ovid: Paradise Lost and the Metamorphoses (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1985); K. L. McKinley, Reading the Ovidian Heroine: ‘Metamorphoses’ Commentaries, 1100-1618 (Leiden: Brill, 2001). 6 Studies on the reception of elegy is relatively scattered. For a book-length study of Ovid’s love elegies, see M. L. Stapleton, Harmful Eloquence: Ovid’s Amores from Antiquity to Shakespeare (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996) and for a study of Catullus see Julia Haig Gaisser, Catullus and his Renaissance Readers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993). Barbara Boyd gives some attention to reception in 3 asserted the utility of elegy over epic, I argue that while writers and scholars trumpeted epic as a genre of nationhood and empire, schoolmasters, students, and poets silently transform elegy into a preeminent form of selfhood, which is to say that elegy plays a principal role in disciplining, constituting, and interrogating selfhood in early modern England. Elegy, I should clarify, was not the genre of funeral lament with which we associate it today, although this meaning did become more popular in the late 16th century. Rather, elegy (in Augustan Rome) was a genre of love poetry written in the first- person from the perspective of the poet. Its defining feature, if one can ever assert a defining feature for a genre, was its meter: the elegiac couplet. The canon of elegists (as they declare them and as they are received) include Gallus, Tibullus, Propertius, and Ovid, and their poems were often directed to a particular beloved, a puella (i.e., girl, girlfriend, sweetheart), but were sometimes directed to male friends, rivals, or patrons too. Through these relationships, the elegists present themselves in a sort of counter- cultural manner, though they never truly challenge the status quo. They embrace ideals of leisure, wantonness, femininity, and servitude to women; yet in doing so they also affirm Ovid’s Literary Loves (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1997), 203-224; and Cheney discusses the reception of Ovid’s career in Marlowe’s Counterfeit Profession: Ovid, Spenser, Counter- Nationhood (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997).
Recommended publications
  • Banished to the Black Sea: Ovid's Poetic
    BANISHED TO THE BLACK SEA: OVID’S POETIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRISTIA 1.1 A Thesis submitted to the Faculty of The School of Continuing Studies and of The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Liberal Studies By Christy N. Wise, M.A. Georgetown University Washington, D.C. October 16, 2014 BANISHED TO THE BLACK SEA: OVID’S POETIC TRANSFORMATIONS IN TRISTIA 1.1 Christy N. Wise, M.A. Mentor: Charles A. McNelis, Ph.D. ABSTRACT After achieving an extraordinarily successful career as an elegiac poet in the midst of the power, glory and creativity of ancient Rome during the start of the Augustan era, Ovid was abruptly separated from the stimulating community in which he thrived, and banished to the outer edge of the Roman Empire. While living the last nine or ten years of his life in Tomis, on the eastern shore of the Black Sea, Ovid steadily continued to compose poetry, producing two books of poems and epistles, Tristia and Epistulae ex Ponto, and a 644-line curse poem, Ibis, all written in elegiac couplets. By necessity, Ovid’s writing from relegatio (relegation) served multiple roles beyond that of artistic creation and presentation. Although he continued to write elegiac poems as he had during his life in Rome, Ovid expanded the structure of those poems to portray his life as a relegatus and his estrangement from his beloved homeland, thereby redefining the elegiac genre. Additionally, and still within the elegiac structure, Ovid changed the content of his poetry in order to defend himself to Augustus and request assistance from friends in securing a reduced penalty or relocation closer to Rome.
    [Show full text]
  • Hints from Horace
    HINTS FROM HORACE INTRODUCTION BYRON AND HORACE: “the great little poet’s wrong”1 Byron refers to Horace more often than he does any other poet except Shakespeare. There is at once characteristic aptness and characteristic irony in this, for Horace was a kind of Roman Southey – with genius. Where Byron is far from scared about giving political offence to the establishment, Horace never even thinks of doing so – one of his longest verse-letters,2 and several of his Odes, are addressed in terms of respect, nay reverence, to the Emperor Augustus, and his Carmen Seculare (a title appropriated by Byron for The Age of Bronze, a poem the reverse of Caesarist) was commissioned by the Emperor himself. Horace is committed to the political status quo of his time and place. Byron would never write the English equivalent of Caelo tonantem credidimus Iovem Regnare; praesens divus habebitur Augustus adiectis Britannis Imperio gravibusque Persis.3 [We believe that Jove is king in heaven because we hear his thunders peal; Augustus shall be deemed a god on earth for adding to our empire the Britons and dread Parthians.] or, … ego nec tumultum nec mori per vim metuam tenente Caesare terras.4 [Neither civil strife nor death by violence will I fear, while Caesar holds the earth.] 1: Don Juan XIV, 77, 2. 2: Hor. Epis. II, i. 3: Hor. Od. III, v, 1-4. 4: Hor. Od. III, xiv , 14-16. Many more examples could be adduced, of Horace’s intense patriotism and Caesarism,5 a Caesarism all the more intense for being, like Southey’s conservatism, that of a turncoat, a renegado: for Horace had fought at Philippi on the side of Brutus and Cassius.
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Apish Art': Taste in Early Modern England
    ‘THE APISH ART’: TASTE IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND ELIZABETH LOUISE SWANN PHD THESIS UNIVERSITY OF YORK ENGLISH AND RELATED LITERATURE JULY 2013 Abstract The recent burgeoning of sensory history has produced much valuable work. The sense of taste, however, remains neglected. Focusing on the early modern period, my thesis remedies this deficit. I propose that the eighteenth-century association of ‘taste’ with aesthetics constitutes a restriction, not an expansion, of its scope. Previously, taste’s epistemological jurisdiction was much wider: the word was frequently used to designate trial and testing, experiential knowledge, and mental judgement. Addressing sources ranging across manuscript commonplace books, drama, anatomical textbooks, devotional poetry, and ecclesiastical polemic, I interrogate the relation between taste as a mode of knowing, and contemporary experiences of the physical sense, arguing that the two are inextricable in this period. I focus in particular on four main areas of enquiry: early uses of ‘taste’ as a term for literary discernment; taste’s utility in the production of natural philosophical data and its rhetorical efficacy in the valorisation of experimental methodologies; taste’s role in the experience and articulation of religious faith; and a pervasive contemporary association between sweetness and erotic experience. Poised between acclaim and infamy, the sacred and the profane, taste in the seventeenth century is, as a contemporary iconographical print representing ‘Gustus’ expresses it, an ‘Apish Art’. My thesis illuminates the pivotal role which this ambivalent sense played in the articulation and negotiation of early modern obsessions including the nature and value of empirical knowledge, the attainment of grace, and the moral status of erotic pleasure, attesting in the process to a very real contiguity between different ways of knowing – experimental, empirical, textual, and rational – in the period.
    [Show full text]
  • Cogjm.Vol-5 Num-10.Pdf (411.8Kb)
    SOME CURES FOR THE TEXT BOOK BLUES extbooks cost a lot of money and this is State of nothing new. The textbook industry is a T racket and we, the students, are the ones getting screwed. Well, we here at The Red Pill have compiled a number of ways for you to get free Disunion or cheaper text books next semester. AGAINST PRISONS Use your contacts. Borrow textbooks PERCENT OF from friends that have already taken the class. INCREASE IN COST PERCENT OF MAY 2007 VOL. 5 NO. 10 If the book is a different edition, don’t let that of textbook production INCREASE IN dissuade you from using the book; most of the since 1998: THE PRICES OF time very little in the textbook has changed, 5.4 TEXTBOOKS they just want to increase their sales by making that publishers set old editions arbitrarily obsolete. PERCENT INCREASE since 1998: GANG VIOLENCE ROCKS If you have a class like Shakespeare, IN COLORADO 35.1 BUENA VISTA PRISON 18th Century Literature, or American History, POPULATION where most of the works are now in the public from 1980-2003: PERCENT domain, just head over to the computer lab and 59 INCREASE IN search for PDFs of the books on the web and COLORADO PRISON ne of Colorado’s largest prisons, out for chow and showers. There have been 5 then print them out on the school’s dime. www. NUMBER OF BLACK POPULATION Buena Vista Correctional Facility, or 6 other incidents. Just the other day there pdfplanet.com has thousands of public domain MALES PER 100,000 from 1980-2003: has been rocked by gang violence.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 the RING of the DOVE by IBN HAZAM
    THE RING OF THE DOVE By IBN HAZAM (994-1064) A TREATISE ON THE ART AND PRACTICE OF ARAB LOVE Translated by A.J. ARBERRY, LITT.D., F.B.A LUZAC & COMPANY, LTD. 46 GREAT RUSSELL STREET, LONDON, W.C. 1 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CONTENTS -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Preface Author's Preface Preliminary Excursus The Signs Of Love On Falling In Love While Asleep On Falling In Love Through A Description On Falling In Love At First Sight On Falling In Love After Long Association On Falling In Love With A Quality And Thereafter Not Approving Any Other Different Of Allusion By Words Of Hinting With The Eyes Of Correspondence Of The Messenger Of Concealing The Secret Of Divulging The Secret Of Compliance Of Opposition Of The Reproacher Of The Helpful Brother Of The Spy Of The Slanderer Of Union Of Breaking Off Of Fidelity Of Betrayal Of Separation Of Contentment Of Wasting Away Of Forgetting Of Death 1 Of The Vileness Of Sinning Of The Virtue Of Continence PREFACE THE Arabs carrying Islam westwards to the Atlantic Ocean first set foot on Spanish soil during July 710 the leader of the raid, which was to prove the forerunner of long Moslem occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, was named Tarif, and the promontory on which he landed commemorates his exploit by being called to this day Tarifa. The main invasion followed a year later; Tariq Ibn Ziyad, a Berber by birth, brought over from the African side of the narrows a comparatively small army which sufficed to overthrow Roderick the Visigoth and to supplant the Cross by the Crescent; he gave his name to that famous Rock of Gibraltar (Jabal Tariq, the Mountain of Tariq), which has been disputed by so many conquerors down the ages, and over which the British flag has fluttered since the early years of the eighteenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • THE EARLY MODERN BOOK AS SPECTACLE by PAULINE
    THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY: THE EARLY MODERN BOOK AS SPECTACLE by PAULINE E. REID (Under the Direction of Sujata Iyengar) ABSTRACT This dissertation approaches the print book as an epistemologically troubled new media in early modern English culture. I look at the visual interface of emblem books, almanacs, book maps, rhetorical tracts, and commonplace books as a lens for both phenomenological and political crises in the era. At the same historical moment that print expanded as a technology, competing concepts of sight took on a new cultural prominence. Vision became both a political tool and a religious controversy. The relationship between sight and perception in prominent classical sources had already been troubled: a projective model of vision, derived from Plato and Democritus, privileged interior, subjective vision, whereas the receptive model of Aristotle characterized sight as a sensory perception of external objects. The empirical model that assumes a less troubled relationship between sight and perception slowly advanced, while popular literature of the era portrayed vision as potentially deceptive, even diabolical. I argue that early print books actively respond to these visual controversies in their layout and design. Further, the act of interpreting different images, texts, and paratexts lends itself to an oscillation of the reading eye between the book’s different, partial components and its more holistic message. This tension between part and whole appears throughout these books’ technical apparatus and ideological concerns; this tension also echoes the conflict between unity and fragmentation in early modern English national politics. Sight, politics, and the reading process interact to construct the early English print book’s formal aspects and to pull these formal components apart in a process of biblioclasm.
    [Show full text]
  • Open Mueller Thesis Final.Pdf
    THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY SCHREYER HONORS COLLEGE SCHOOL OF MUSIC PRETTY OPHELIA: THE DESTRUCTIVE NATURE OF OBJECTIFICATION THROUGH MUSIC AND PROSE LEAH W. MUELLER Spring 2012 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a baccalaureate degree in Music Education with honors in Music Reviewed and approved* by the following: Ted Christopher Assistant Professor of Music Thesis Supervisor Joanne Rutkowski Professor of Music Education Honors Adviser * Signatures are on file in the Schreyer Honors College i ABSTRACT Shakespeare’s Ophelia has long fascinated composers, painters, poets, and scholars alike. She is at first beautiful and pure, but descends into utter madness filled with dark coded phrases that leave plenty of room for mystery and interpretation. In this thesis I investigated the lack of personal identity and tragic circumstances that lead to Ophelia’s demise. All who surround her, Hamlet, Polonius, Laertes, and even Shakespeare himself, constantly objectify her. The successive composers who have interpreted Ophelia diminish this objectification by giving her, her own voice. As part of this thesis project, a recital featuring the Brahms’ and Strauss Ophelia lieder as well as a performance of the original Shakespeare text was given on November 15th, 2011. The recital program, program notes, script, and video are included in this thesis. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT i TABLE OF CONTENTS ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iii CHAPTER 1: OPHELIA IN PROSE Introduction 1 Ophelia and the Play 2 A Symbol of Purity 5 Ophelia Through the Feminist Gaze 8 CHAPTER 2: OPHELIA IN MUSIC Ophelia and the French 13 Ophelia and the Germans 16 CHAPTER 3: OPHELIA ONSTAGE Performance Planning 22 Rehearsing for the Performance 25 CHAPTER 4: SUMMARY, DISCUSSION, & CONCLUSION Summary 27 Discussion 28 Conclusion 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY 30 APPENDICES APPENDIX A: Performance Script 32 APPENDIX B: Recital Program 40 APPENDIX C: Recital Program Notes 42 APPENDIX D: Video of Performance Project 45 Academic Vita iii ACKNOWLEGMENTS I would like to thank Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Atlantis 31.2
    Revista de la Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos Vol. 31, núm. 2 Diciembre 2009 31.2 (December 2009) 31.2 (Diciembre 2009) EDITORS Editores General Editor: Angela Downing Universidad Complutense de Madrid Assistant Editor: Ludmila Urbanová Managing Editor: Carmen Méndez University of Brno Universidad Complutense de Madrid Book Reviews Editor: Clara Calvo Editor’s Assistant: Juan Rafael Zamorano Universidad de Murcia Universidad Complutense de Madrid Universität Bremen Copy Editor: Jorge Arús Hita Universidad Complutense de Madrid EDITORIAL BOARD Consejo de Redacción BOARD OF ADVISORS Consejo Asesor Andrew Blake Heinz Ickstadt University of Winchester Freie Universität Berlin Martin Bygate J. Hillis Miller Lancaster University University of California at Irvine Teresa Fanego Susheila M. Nasta Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Open University Fernando Galván Francisco J. Ruiz de Mendoza Universidad de Alcalá de Henares Universidad de La Rioja BOARD OF REFEREES Consejo Científico y Evaluador Joan C. Beal Rachel Bowlby Graham D. Caie University of Sheffield University College London University of Glasgow Jesús Benito Sánchez Kris Van den Branden Gordon Campbell Universidad de Valladolid Katholieke Universiteit Leuven University of Leicester Marcella Bertuccelli Papi Mario Brdar Isabel Carrera Università di Pisa Josip Juraj Strossmayer University Universidad de Oviedo Nilufer E. Bharucha Laurel J. Brinton Shirley Chew University of Mumbai University of British Columbia University of Leeds Clare Birchall Manuel Broncano Robert Clark Middlesex University Universidad de León University of East Anglia Anita Biressi Jorge Luis Bueno Alonso Thomas Claviez Roehampton University University of Vigo University of Bern Maggie Ann Bowers Christopher S. Butler Tom Cohen University of Portsmouth Swansea University University of Albany Juan Camilo Conde-Silvestre David Johnson Victor J.
    [Show full text]
  • Orpheus and Eurydice in the Middle Books of the Faerie Queene The
    Orpheus and Eurydice in the Middle Books of The Faerie Queene The commendatory sonnet by ‘W. S.’ appended to the first edition of The Faerie Queene hails Spenser as the ‘Brittayne Orpheus,’ and modern critics have thought the author was onto something. Thomas Cain in 1971 made the case that Spenser ‘use[s]...the Orpheus- figure to assert and assess his own role as poet’ across his works; more recently Patrick Cheney has talked about Spenser’s ‘Orphic career’.1 In Spenser criticism at large, the idea that Spenser wants to present himself as another Orpheus is frequently mentioned, though rarely discussed in much detail. Given all this attention to the importance of Orpheus in Spenser’s self-presentation, it is remarkable that an extremely curious feature of Spenser’s treatment of the Orpheus-myth has received so little comment, and its implications for our understanding of Spenser’s conception of his own role and powers remain unexplored. It concerns his treatment of Orpheus’ greatest exploit, his katabasis in the attempt to recover his wife Eurydice from the Underworld. In the version best known today, the episode ends in tragic failure: though Orpheus with his enchanting song succeeds in charming the gods of the Underworld to consent to Eurydice’s return, he breaks the condition imposed on him that he should not look back at her before they are both safely again in the upper world, and so loses her a second time, and irrevocably. Spenser refers to the myth several times across his works, but consistently presents Orpheus’ attempt as successful, and Eurydice as restored to life.
    [Show full text]
  • LIT 372 Topics in Early Modern Literature
    John Jay College of Criminal Justice The City University of New York New Course Proposal When completed, this proposal should be submitted to the Office of the Associate Provost for consideration by the College Curriculum Committee. 1. Department (s) proposing this course: English 2. Title of the course: Topics in Early Modern Literature Abbreviated title (up to 20 characters): TPCS LIT Early Mod 3. Level of this course: ___100 Level ____200 Level ___X__300 Level ____400 Level 4. Course description as it is to appear in the College bulletin: (Write in complete sentences except for prerequisites, hours and credits.) Topics in Early Modern Literature will examine major and minor literary movements, authors, or ideas at work in sixteenth and seventeenth century literature with an eye to the formal features of texts as well as the social, historical, and political contexts in which they appeared. The course will approach the canon for this period not as a fixed entity but as a body of work consistently open to reevaluation and critique; alternative texts, voices, and subject positions relevant to the topic(s) will be included. As a means of understanding the literature of the period, the course may focus on a literary genre or convention (e.g., drama, sonnet) or an important theme (e.g., the Other in literature, hierarchy, literature of love, monarchy in crisis). The specific focus of the course will be determined by the individual professor and may be concerned exclusively with English literature, Western Literature more broadly, or Western and nonWestern literature. Pre-requisite: ENG 102/201 Co-requisite: LIT 2XX (Introduction to Literary Study) or permission of the instructor.
    [Show full text]
  • Imitatio and Intertextuality in Sixteenth- Century English Receptions of Classical Latin Love Elegy
    ORBIT - Online Repository of Birkbeck Institutional Theses Enabling Open Access to Birkbecks Research Degree output Turning others leaves: imitatio and intertextuality in sixteenth- century English receptions of classical Latin love elegy http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/74/ Version: Full Version Citation: Grant, Linda (2014) Turning others leaves: imitatio and intertextuality in sixteenth-century English receptions of classical Latin love elegy. PhD thesis, Birkbeck, University of London. c 2014 The Author(s) All material available through ORBIT is protected by intellectual property law, including copyright law. Any use made of the contents should comply with the relevant law. Deposit guide Contact: email 1 ‘Turning others’ leaves’: imitatio and intertextuality in sixteenth-century English receptions of classical Latin love elegy Linda Grant PhD Thesis Birkbeck, University of London 2014 2 Statement of originality I declare that this thesis is the product of my own work, and that any work used from other authors has been properly acknowledged. ------------------------------------------------------ Linda Grant, April 2014 3 Abstract This thesis situates itself within the field of classical reception, and explores the appropriation and imitation of Latin erotic elegy (Catullus, Propertius, Ovid, Sulpicia) in the love poetry of sixteenth-century England. It shows imitatio to be a dynamic, rich and sophisticated practice, one which may be productively read as both a form of intertextuality and reception, terms which capture its contingent and active nature. The readings here re-calibrate Petrarch’s canzoniere suggesting that this influential sequence of love sonnets is itself a moralised re- writing of Roman erotic elegy. By re-framing the ‘Petrarchan’ love poetry of Thomas Wyatt, Philip Sidney, John Donne and Mary Sidney as elegiac receptions, the readings here re-open these familiar texts and offer fresh interpretations of how they can be made to mean.
    [Show full text]
  • On the Study of Early Modern “Elegant” Literature(Suzuki Ken’Ichi)
    On the Study of Early Modern “Elegant” Literature(Suzuki Ken’ichi) On the Study of Early Modern“ Elegant” Literature Suzuki Ken’ichi On 21 November 2014, I was fortunate enough to be given the opportunity to talk about my past research at the Research Center for Science Systems affiliated to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. There follows a summary of my talk. (1)Elucidating the distinctive qualities of early-Edo 江戸 literature, with a special focus on “elegant” or “refined”(ga 雅)literature, such as the poetry circles of the emperor Go-Mizunoo 後水尾 and the literary activities of Hayashi Razan 林羅山 . The importance of the study of “elegant” literature ・Up until around the 1970s interest in the field of early modern, or Edo-period, literature concentrated on figures such as Bashō 芭蕉,Saikaku 西鶴,and Chikamatsu 近松 of the Genroku 元禄 era(1688─1704)and Sanba 三馬,Ikku 一 九,and Bakin 馬 琴 of the Kasei 化 政 era(1804─30), and the literature of this period tended to be considered to possess a high degree of “common” or “popular”(zoku 俗)appeal. This was linked to a tendency, influenced by postwar views of history and literature, to hold in high regard that aspect of early modern literature in which “commoners resisted the oppression of the feudal 39 On the Study of Early Modern “Elegant” Literature(Suzuki Ken’ichi) system.” But when considered in light of the actual situation at the time, there can be no doubt that ga literature in the form of poetry written in both Japanese (waka 和歌)and Chinese(kanshi 漢詩), with its strong traditions, was a major presence in terms of both its authority and the formation of literary currents of thought.
    [Show full text]