Nordic Visual Arts Education in Transition Education Nordic Visual Arts
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14:2008 IN T RANSITION NORDIC VISUAL A RTS EDUCATION The Committee for Educational Sciences has, right from the outset in 2001, initiated a large number of overviews and surveys. The purpose has been to provide a stimulus for discussion about the area of educational science and also to provide further data on the basis of which the Committee can take strategic decisions. This overview presents Nordic research in the realm of visual arts education. The pedagogy of art can be studied on the basis of knowledge of art or teaching. It can be described in terms of visual communication or visual culture. Professor Lars Lindström at Stockholm University, who is the editor of the overview, commences with several articles explaining the conceptual framework and the historical background. This is followed by overviews from the five Nordic countries on research topics between 1995 and 2006 or later. By way of conclusion there is a comprehensive bibliography of literature in the realm of visual arts education. NORDIC VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION IN TRANSITION Klarabergsviadukten 82 | SE-103 78 Stockholm | Tel +46-8-546 44 000 | Fax +46-8-546 44 180 | [email protected] | www.vr.se VETENSKAPSRÅDETS RAPPORTSERIE A Research Review The Swedish Research Council is a government agency that provides funding for basic research of the highest scientific quality in all disciplinary domains. Besides research ISSN 1651-7350 funding, the agency works with strategy, analysis, and research communication. ISBN 978-91-7307-148-2 The objective is for Sweden to be a leading research nation. VETENSKAPSRÅDETS RAPPORTSERIE 14:2008 NORDIC VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION IN TRANSITION A Research Review Editor: Lars Lindström With national reviews by Helene Illeris, Denmark Rósa Kristín Júlíusdóttir, Iceland Lars Lindström, Sweden Liv Merete Nielsen, Norway Marjo Räsänen, Finland Nordic Visual Arts Education in Transition This report can be ordered at www.vr.se VETENSKAPSRÅDET (Swedish Research Council) SE-103 78 Stockholm © Swedish Research Council ISSN 1651-7350 ISBN 91-7307-148-2 Cover Photo: Kennet Ruona Graphic Design: Erik Hagbard Couchér, Swedish Research Council Printed by CM Gruppen, Bromma, Sweden 2009 FÖRORD Utbildningsvetenskapliga kommittén har, alltsedan starten 2001, initierat ett stort antal översikter och kartläggningar. Detta dels för att stimulera till diskussioner om det utbildningsvetenskapliga området och dels för att få ytterligare underlag till strategiska ställningstaganden i kommitténs arbete. På samma sätt som övriga råd och kommittéer vid Vetenskapsrådet har kommittén även i uppgift att behandla forskningspolitiska frågor och arbeta med forskningsinformation. Kommittén fördelar medel till forsknings projekt och forskarskolor. Utöver detta stöder kommittén även forskarnätverk, arrangerar konferenser och delar ut resebidrag för att stimulera internationellt utbyte mellan forskare. I denna översikt presenteras nordisk didaktisk forskning på bildområdet. Bildämnets didaktik kan studeras med utgångspunkt i bildkunskap eller pedagogisk kunskap, ämnet kan beskrivas i termer av visuell kommunikation eller visuell kultur. Professor Lars Lindström, Stockholm universitet, som är redaktör för översikten, inleder med fl era artiklar som förklarar begrepp och ger historisk bakgrund. I en av dessa redovisas en studie av bilddidaktisk forskning och kursplaner i bild i Sverige fram till och med 1994. Därefter följer översikter från de fem nordiska länderna kring temata i forskningen 1995-2006 eller senare. Avslutningsvis fi nns omfattande bibliografi er över didaktisk litteratur på bildområdet. Stockholm i november 2008 Sigbrit Franke Elisabet Nihlfors Ordförande Huvudsekreterare NORDIC VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION IN TRANSITION 3 CONTENTS ENGLISH SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 7 SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA ................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 10 ISSUES IN VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 13 A Conceptual Framework Lars Lindström FROM PSYCHOLOGY TO SEMIOTICS ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Swedish Studies and Curricula until 1994 Lars Lindström MEDIATED ACTION AND AESTHETIC LEARNING ................................................................................................................................................... 52 Themes in Swedish Studies 1995–2008 Lars Lindström BETWEEN VISUAL ARTS AND VISUAL CULTURE .................................................................................................................................................... 80 Themes in Danish studies 1995–2008 Helene Illeris MULTICULTURALISM AND ARTS-BASED RESEARCH .................................................................................................................................... 95 Themes in Finnish Studies 1995–2006 Marjo Räsänen MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION ..................................................................................................... 113 Themes in Icelandic Studies 1995–2007 Rósa Kristín Júlíusdóttir ART, DESIGN AND ENVIRONMENTAL PARTICIPATION ........................................................................................................................ 127 Themes in Norwegian Studies 1995–2007 Liv Merete Nielsen APPENDIX 1 Swedish Publications 1995–2008 ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 146 APPENDIX 2 Danish Publications 1995–2006 ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 160 4 NORDIC VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION IN TRANSITION APPENDIX 3 Finnish Publications 1995–2006 ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 174 APPENDIX 4 Icelandic publications 1995–2007 .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 195 APPENDIX 5 Norwegian Publications 1995–2006 .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 198 NORDIC VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION IN TRANSITION 5 ENGLISH SUMMARY This review of Nordic research in visual arts education (VAE) is part of a series, funded by the Swedish Research Council, on teaching and learning in diff erent school subjects. It presents, to begin with, a multidimensional, conceptual framework describing the knowledge base of VAE. For example, VAE can be studied by taking either the visual arts or education as the star- ting point when formulating research questions, etc. Another important dimension is whether the subject matter being taught is mainly defi ned in terms of visual communication or visual culture. In a substudy, “From psychology to semiotics”, Swedish research and VAE curricula until 1994 are reviewed. After these conceptual and historical introductions, authors from each one of the Nordic countries present a review on trends and themes in her or his country from 1995 until 2006 or later: • Themes in Swedish Studies: Mediated action and aesthetic learning. • Themes in Danish Studies: Between visual arts and visual culture. • Themes in Finnish Studies: Multiculturalism and arts-based research. • Themes in Icelandic Studies: Multifaceted approach to visual arts education. • Themes in Norwegian Studies: Art, design and environmental participation. • Finally, extensive national bibliographies of studies in VAE are made available. • These include Ph.D. theses, books, chapters, articles and reports. NORDIC VISUAL ARTS EDUCATION IN TRANSITION 7 SAMMANFATTNING PÅ SVENSKA Denna översikt över nordisk didaktisk forskning på bildområdet ingår i en serie rapporter, utgivna av Vetenskapsrådet, om undervisning och lärande i olika skolämnen. Undersökningen presenterar, till att börja med, en mång- dimensionell, begreppslig referensram avsedd att beskriva den bildrelaterade didaktikens kunskapsbas. Bildämnets didaktik kan exempelvis studeras med utgångspunkt antingen i bildkunskap eller i pedagogisk kunskap. En annan viktig dimension handlar om huruvida ämnet bild beskrivs i termer