June Special HOD 2021 Meeting Reference Committee C

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

June Special HOD 2021 Meeting Reference Committee C Reference Committee C CME Report(s) 01* Council on Medical Education Sunset Review of 2011 House Policies 02* Licensure for International Medical Graduates Practicing in U.S. Institutions with Restricted Medical Licenses 03* Optimizing Match Outcomes 04* Expediting Entry of Qualified IMG Physicians to U.S. Medical Practice 05* Promising Practices Among Pathway Programs to Increase Diversity in Medicine Resolution(s) 301 Medical Education Debt Cancellation in the Face of a Physician Shortage During the COVID-19 Pandemic 302 Non-Physician Post-Graduate Medical Training 303 Improving the Standardization Process for Assessment of Podiatric Medical Students and Residents by Initiating a Process Enabling Them to Take the USMLE 304* Decreasing Financial Burdens on Residents and Fellows 305* Non-Physician Post-Graduate Medical Training 306* Establishing Minimum Standards for Parental Leave During Graduate Medical Education Training 307* Updating Current Wellness Policies and Improving Implementation 308* Rescind USMLE Step 2 CS and COMLEX Level 2 PE Examination Requirement for Medical Licensure 309* Supporting GME Program Child Care Residency Training 310* Unreasonable Fees Charged and Inaccuracies by the American Board of Internal Medicine 311* Student Loan Forgiveness 312* AMA Support for Increased Funding for the American Board of Preventive Medicine Residency Programs 313* Fatigue Mitigation Respite for Faculty and Residents 314* Standard Procedure for Accommodations in USMLE and NBME Exams 315* Representation of Dermatological Pathologies in Varying Skin Tones 316* Improving Support and Access for Medical Students with Disabilities * Contained in the Handbook Addendum REPORT OF THE COUNCIL ON MEDICAL EDUCATION CME Report 1-JUN-21 Subject: Council on Medical Education Sunset Review of 2011 House Policies Presented by: Liana Puscas, MD, MHS, Chair Referred to: Reference Committee C 1 Policy G-600.110, “Sunset Mechanism for AMA Policy,” calls for the decennial review of 2 American Medical Association policies to ensure that our AMA’s policy database is current, 3 coherent, and relevant. This policy reads as follows, laying out the parameters for review and 4 specifying the needed procedures: 5 6 1. As the House of Delegates adopts policies, a maximum ten-year time horizon shall exist. A 7 policy will typically sunset after ten years unless action is taken by the House of Delegates to 8 retain it. Any action of our AMA House that reaffirms or amends an existing policy position 9 shall reset the sunset “clock,” making the reaffirmed or amended policy viable for another 10 10 years. 11 12 2. In the implementation and ongoing operation of our AMA policy sunset mechanism, the 13 following procedures shall be followed: (a) Each year, the Speakers shall provide a list of 14 policies that are subject to review under the policy sunset mechanism; (b) Such policies shall be 15 assigned to the appropriate AMA councils for review; (c) Each AMA council that has been 16 asked to review policies shall develop and submit a report to the House of Delegates identifying 17 policies that are scheduled to sunset; (d) For each policy under review, the reviewing council 18 can recommend one of the following actions: (i) retain the policy; (ii) sunset the policy; (iii) 19 retain part of the policy; or (iv) reconcile the policy with more recent and like policy; (e) For 20 each recommendation that it makes to retain a policy in any fashion, the reviewing council shall 21 provide a succinct, but cogent justification (f) The Speakers shall determine the best way for the 22 House of Delegates to handle the sunset reports. 23 24 3. Nothing in this policy shall prohibit a report to the HOD or resolution to sunset a policy earlier 25 than its 10-year horizon if it is no longer relevant, has been superseded by a more current policy, 26 or has been accomplished. 27 28 4. The AMA councils and the House of Delegates should conform to the following guidelines for 29 sunset: (a) when a policy is no longer relevant or necessary; (b) when a policy or directive has 30 been accomplished; or (c) when the policy or directive is part of an established AMA practice 31 that is transparent to the House and codified elsewhere such as the AMA Bylaws or the AMA 32 House of Delegates Reference Manual: Procedures, Policies and Practices. 33 34 5. The most recent policy shall be deemed to supersede contradictory past AMA policies. 35 36 6. Sunset policies will be retained in the AMA historical archives. © 2021 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. CME Rep. 1-JUN-2021 -- page 2 of 20 1 RECOMMENDATION 2 3 The Council on Medical Education recommends that the House of Delegates policies listed in the 4 appendix to this report be acted upon in the manner indicated and the remainder of this report be 5 filed. (Directive to Take Action) Fiscal Note: $1,000. CME Rep. 1-JUN-2021 -- page 3 of 20 APPENDIX: RECOMMENDED ACTIONS Policy Title Texts Recommendation Number H-210.986 Physicians and Our AMA (1) encourages residency review Rescind; duplicative of Family Caregivers committees and residency program directors to H-210.980, “Physicians - A Model for consider physician needs for training in and Family Caregivers: Partnership evaluation of caregivers. Emphasis at both the Shared Responsibility,” undergraduate and graduate level is needed on which reads: “Our the development of the physician’s AMA: (1) specifically interpersonal skills to better facilitate encourages medical assessment and management of caregiver stress schools and residency and burden; programs to prepare (2) supports health policies that facilitate and physicians to assess and encourage home health care. Current regulatory manage caregiver stress and financing mechanisms favor and burden; (2) institutionalization, often penalizing families continues to support attempting to provide lower cost, higher health policies that quality-of-life care; facilitate and encourage (3) reaffirms support for reimbursement for health care in the home; physician time spent in education and (3) reaffirm support for counseling of caregivers and/or home care reimbursement for personnel involved in patient care; and physician time spent in (4) supports research that identifies the types of educating and education and support services that most counseling caregivers effectively enhance the activities and reduce the and/or home care burdens of caregivers. Further research is also personnel involved in needed on the role of physicians and others in patient care; (4) supporting the family caregiver. supports research that Citation: (CSA Rep. I, I-91; Reaffirmed: Sunset identifies the types of Report, I-01; Reaffirmed: CSAPH Rep. 1, A- education, support 11) services, and professional caregiver roles needed to enhance the activities and reduce the burdens of family caregivers, including caregivers of patients with dementia, addiction and other chronic mental disorders; and (5) (a) encourages partner organizations to develop resources to better prepare and support lay caregivers; and (b) will identify and disseminate resources to promote physician understanding of lay caregiver burnout and develop strategies to support lay caregivers and their patients.” CME Rep. 1-JUN-2021 -- page 4 of 20 D-295.322 Increasing Our AMA will continue to study medical Retain; remains Demographically school implementation of the Liaison relevant, especially due Diverse Committee on Medical Education (LCME) to increased attention to Representation in Standard IS-16 and share the results with the need for diversity in Liaison appropriate accreditation organizations and all medical education and Committee on state medical associations for action on practice. Medical demographic diversity. (Res. 313, A-09; Education Modified: CME Rep. 6, A-11) Accredited Medical Schools H-295.888 Progress in 1. Our AMA encourages: (A) research on ways Retain; remains Medical to reliably evaluate the personal qualities (such relevant, as the AMA’s Education: the as empathy, integrity, commitment to service) Accelerating Change in Medical School of applicants to medical school and support Medical Education Admission broad dissemination of the results. Medical initiative and other Process schools should be encouraged to give activities seek to significant weight to these qualities in the improve the selection admissions process; (B) premedical coursework process for medical in the humanities, behavioral sciences, and students (and change social sciences, as a way to ensure a broadly- the composition and educated applicant pool; and (C) dissemination diversity of the future of models that allow medical schools to meet physician workforce). their goals related to diversity in the context of existing legal requirements, for example through outreach to elementary schools, high schools, and colleges. 2. Our AMA: (A) will continue to work with the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) and other relevant organizations to encourage improved assessment of personal qualities in the recruitment process for medical school applicants including types of information to be solicited in applications to medical school; (B) will work with the AAMC and other relevant organizations to explore the range of measures used to assess personal qualities among applicants, including those used by related fields; (C) encourages the development of innovative methodologies to assess personal qualities among medical school applicants; (D) will work with medical schools and other relevant stakeholder
Recommended publications
  • The Flexner Report ― 100 Years Later
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by PubMed Central YAlE JOuRNAl OF BiOlOGY AND MEDiCiNE 84 (2011), pp.269-276. Copyright © 2011. HiSTORiCAl PERSPECTivES iN MEDiCAl EDuCATiON The Flexner Report ― 100 Years Later Thomas P. Duffy, MD Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut The Flexner Report of 1910 transformed the nature and process of medical education in America with a resulting elimination of proprietary schools and the establishment of the bio - medical model as the gold standard of medical training. This transformation occurred in the aftermath of the report, which embraced scientific knowledge and its advancement as the defining ethos of a modern physician. Such an orientation had its origins in the enchant - ment with German medical education that was spurred by the exposure of American edu - cators and physicians at the turn of the century to the university medical schools of Europe. American medicine profited immeasurably from the scientific advances that this system al - lowed, but the hyper-rational system of German science created an imbalance in the art and science of medicine. A catching-up is under way to realign the professional commit - ment of the physician with a revision of medical education to achieve that purpose. In the middle of the 17th century, an cathedrals resonated with Willis’s delin - extraordinary group of scientists and natu - eation of the structure and function of the ral philosophers coalesced as the Oxford brain [1]. Circle and created a scientific revolution in the study and understanding of the brain THE HOPKINS CIRCLE and consciousness.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletteralumni News of the Newyork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Department of Surgery Volume 12, Number 2 Winter 2009
    NEWSLETTERAlumni News of the NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital/Columbia University Department of Surgery Volume 12, Number 2 Winter 2009 Virginia Kneeland Frantz and 20th Century Surgical Pathology at Columbia University’s College of Physicians & Surgeons and the Presbyterian Hospital in the City of New York Marianne Wolff and James G. Chandler Virginia Kneeland was born on November 13, 1896 into a at the North East corner of East 70th Street and Madison Avenue. family residing in the Murray Hill district of Manhattan who also Miss Kneeland would receive her primary and secondary education owned and operated a dairy farm in Vermont.1 Her father, Yale at private schools on Manhattan’s East Side and enter Bryn Mawr Kneeland, was very successful in the grain business. Her mother, College in 1914, just 3 months after the Serbian assassination of Aus- Anna Ball Kneeland, would one day become a member of the Board tro-Hungarian, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, which ignited the Great of Managers of the Presbyterian Hospital, which, at the time of her War in Europe. daughter’s birth, had been caring for the sick and injured for 24 years In November of 1896, the College of Physicians and Surgeons graduated second in their class behind Marjorie F. Murray who was (P&S) was well settled on West 59th Street, between 9th and 10th destined to become Pediatrician-in-Chief at Mary Imogene Bassett (Amsterdam) Avenues, flush with new assets and 5 years into a long- Hospital in 1928. sought affiliation with Columbia College.2 In the late 1880s, Vander- Virginia Frantz became the first woman ever to be accepted bilt family munificence had provided P&S with a new classrooms into Presbyterian Hospital’s two year surgical internship.
    [Show full text]
  • Medical School Expansion in the 21St Century Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine
    Medical School Expansion in the 21st Century Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Michael E. Whitcomb, M.D. and Douglas L. Wood, D.O., Ph.D. September 2015 Cover: University of New England campus Medical School Expansion in the 21st Century Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine Michael E. Whitcomb, M.D. and Douglas L. Wood, D.O., Ph.D. FOREWORD The Macy Foundation has recently documented the motivating factors, major challenges, and planning strategies for the fifteen new allopathic medical schools (leading to the M.D. degree) that enrolled their charter classes between 2009 and 2014.1,2 A parallel trend in the opening of new osteopathic medical schools (leading to the D.O. degree) began in 2003. This expansion will result in a greater proportional increase in the D.O. workforce than will occur in the M.D. workforce as a result of the allopathic expansion. With eleven new osteopathic schools and nine new sites or branches for existing osteopathic schools, there will be more than a doubling of the D.O. graduates in the U.S. by the end of this decade. Douglas Wood, D.O., Ph.D., and Michael Whitcomb, M.D., bring their broad experiences in D.O. and M.D. education to this report of the osteopathic school expansion. They identify ways in which the new schools are similar to and different from the existing osteopathic schools, and they identify differences in the rationale and characteristics of the new osteopathic schools, compared with those of the new allopathic schools that Dr. Whitcomb has previously chronicled. 1 Whitcomb ME.
    [Show full text]
  • US Medical Education Reformers Abraham Flexner (1866-1959) and Simon Flexner (1863-1946)
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 443 765 SO 031 860 AUTHOR Parker, Franklin; Parker, Betty J. TITLE U.S. Medical Education Reformers Abraham Flexner (1866-1959) and Simon Flexner (1863-1946). PUB DATE 2000-00-00 NOTE 12p. PUB TYPE Reports Descriptive (141) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Biographies; *Educational Change; *Educational History; Higher Education; *Medical Education; *Professional Recognition; *Social History IDENTIFIERS *Flexner (Abraham); Johns Hopkins University MD; Reform Efforts ABSTRACT This paper (in the form of a dialogue) tells the stories of two members of a remarkable family of nine children, the Flexners of Louisville, Kentucky. The paper focuses on Abraham and Simon, who were reformers in the field of medical education in the United States. The dialogue takes Abraham Flexner through his undergraduate education at Johns Hopkins University, his founding of a school that specialized in educating wealthy (but underachieving) boys, and his marriage to Anne Laziere Crawford. Abraham and his colleague, Henry S. Pritchett, traveled around the country assessing 155 medical schools in hopes of professionalizing medical education. The travels culminated in a report on "Medical Education in the United States and Canada" (1910). Abraham capped his career by creating the first significant "think tank," the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. The paper also profiles Simon Flexner, a pharmacist whose dream was to become a pathologist. Simon, too, gravitated to Johns Hopkins University where he became chief pathologist and wrote over 200 pathology and bacteriology reports between 1890-1909. He also helped organize the Peking Union Medical College in Peking, China, and was appointed Eastman Professor at Oxford University.(BT) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Flexner As Critic of British and Continental Medical Education
    Medical History, 1989, 33: 472-479. ABRAHAM FLEXNER AS CRITIC OF BRITISH AND CONTINENTAL MEDICAL EDUCATION by THOMAS NEVILLE BONNER * When Abraham Flexner landed in England in October 1910, he was already well known in British medical circles. His report on medical education in the United States and Canada, published earlier in the year, had been widely distributed in Europe by Nicholas Murray Butler, an influential trustee of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching. When Flexner called on the president of the Royal College of Surgeons, Henry Butlin, on 8 October, Butlin told him of the impact his American study had made in Britain. "You didn't need any letter of introduction from Osler," Flexner recounted the conversation, "I've read your report, it's masterly. I am preparing a memorial to the Royal Commission on London University and you are my authority-see here, here's your Report ... every margin filled with pencil comments showing how you have analyzed our difficulties for us . Flexner's arrival in Britain was timely. Medical education throughout the island was in turmoil. Dissatisfaction with the variety of routes to licensure, the wide differences between Scottish and London requirements for degrees, and the rigidity of the seniority system within the hospitals had been growing since the 1880s. In addition, new concerns over British backwardness in laboratory study and scientific research were creating a sense of crisis in those aware of developments in Germany and America.2 William Osler himself, who had arrived at Oxford to fill the Regius Chair in 1905, had sharply criticized a year earlier the neglect of laboratory studies in British medical schools in a widely reported address at the London Hospital.3 Flexner conferred with Osler and other members of the British medical establishment on his arrival in Britain.
    [Show full text]
  • Abraham Flexner and His Views on Learning in Higher Education
    Iwabuchi Sachiko(p139)6/2 04.9.6 3:13 PM ページ 139 The Japanese Journal of American Studies, No. 15 (2004) The Pursuit of Excellence: Abraham Flexner and His Views on Learning in Higher Education Sachiko IWABUCHI* INTRODUCTION Abraham Flexner, one of the most influential educational critics in early twentieth-century America, faithfully believed in excellence. Ex- cellence epitomized his views on education. “Throughout my life,” Flexner wrote in his autobiography, “I have pursued excellence.”1 For Flexner, excellence meant more than surpassing skills, eminence, and dignity; excellence meant intellectual rather than mere mental training. It also connoted honor and spirituality rather than mercantilism and materialism. For Flexner an aristocracy of excellence is “the truest form of democracy.”2 The topic of excellence has become conspicuous in the discussions of university reform in Japan. The Twenty-First Century Centers of Ex- cellence (COE) Program was established based on the Ministry of Edu- cation, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology’s report “A Policy for the Structural Reform of National Universities,” under which a new funding mechanism has been implemented to subsidize the formation of research bases.3 Although the goal of the COEs is to promote excellent research results, some scholars have argued that the proposed program could drive researchers to commercially successful projects in order to Copyright © 2004 Sachiko Iwabuchi. All rights reserved. This work may be used, with this notice included, for noncommercial purposes. No copies of this work may be distrib- uted, electronically or otherwise, in whole or in part, without permission from the author. *Ph. D.
    [Show full text]
  • American Osler Society
    47th Annual Meeting of the American Osler Society Sunday, April 9th – Wednesday, April 12th, 2017 Emory Conference Center Hotel Atlanta, Georgia The image on the cover is of Sir William Osler and is on display on the Emory University campus in the James B. Williams Medical Education Building. The artist and history of the piece is unknown. 47th Annual Meeting of the AMERICAN OSLER SOCIETY Sunday, April 9th - Wednesday, April 12th, 2017 Emory Conference Center Hotel Atlanta, Georgia Photo courtesy of Osler Library of the History of Medicine, McGill University Course Objectives Upon conclusion of this program, participants should be able to: Describe new research findings in the history of medicine. Outline the evolution of medicine in a particular disease. List professional contributions made by others in medicine. Intended Audience The target audience includes physicians and others interested in Osler, medical history and any of the medically oriented humanities who research and write on a range of issues. Attendees will acknowledge the diversity of topics discussed and the spectrum of research techniques employed to investigate hypotheses, frame arguments, and draw conclusions. The themes addressed are comprehensible to all health care providers, making the content and conclusions accessible to the participants regardless of their main professional identity. CME Accreditation and Designation This activity has been planned and implemented in accordance with the accreditation requirements and policies of the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) through the joint providership of The University of Arizona College of Medicine – Tucson and the American Osler Society. The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Tucson is accredited by the ACCME to provide continuing medical education for physicians.
    [Show full text]
  • Dreams ATSU-SOMA’S Inaugural Class 92 New D.O.S Graduate in Our Point of View
    Dreams come true 92 new D.O.s graduate in ATSU-SOMA’s inaugural class Vol. 6, No. 2 • Fall 2011 Vol. Our point of view ATSU celebrated five commencements this spring, and you’re looking at a few of the 92 new D.O.s who graduated from ATSU-SOMA’s inaugural class in June. A.T. STILL UNIVERSITY Board of Trustees 2011 Carl G. Bynum, D.O., M.P.H., ’75 Chair Jefferson City, Mo. Friends, Kenneth E. Jones, D.O., ’83 It seems like every issue of the magazine is special, and this one is, Vice Chair Clinton, Mo. too, celebrating the first graduating class of our School of Osteopathic Medicine in Arizona. SOMA began as a dream six years ago when Dr. Cynthia D. Byler, D.O., M.P.H., Douglas L. Wood joined us as the founding dean. Now the dream has KCOM ’85, SHM ’04 Secretary become reality as 92 men and women of the inaugural class took part St. Louis, Mo. in commencement ceremonies on June 3 and, receiving their D.O. degrees, became osteopathic physicians. I am proud of each and ev- Richard W. Anderson, D.O., FACGP, ’46 ery one of them, and I am equally proud of the innovative curriculum Dallas, Texas which Dr. Wood and his staff have implemented and which Interim Manuel C. Bedoya, D.M.D. Dean Thomas McWilliams is carrying on. Tucson, Ariz. Daniel L. Biery, D.O., FACOI, FACG, ’72 from the At the Innovators’ Gala the evening before Phelps, N.Y. commencement I had the distinct privilege of presenting to Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • 2020 SGEA Regional Meeting Abstract Compendium
    2020 SGEA Regional Meeting Abstract Compendium 0 Contents Message from the SGEA Chair ....................................................................................................... 2 Message from the 2020 SGEA Conference Host ........................................................................... 3 Special Thank You and Acknowledgements .................................................................................. 4 SGEA Awards ................................................................................................................................. 5 Innovation Abstracts ....................................................................................................................... 6 Research Abstracts ...................................................................................................................... 135 Small Group, Workshop and Panel Discussion Abstracts .......................................................... 247 List of SGEA Steering Committee Members ............................................................................. 324 List of 2020 SGEA Regional Conference Planning Committee Members ................................. 325 2020 SGEA Reviewers ............................................................................................................... 327 1 Message from the SGEA Chair Dear Colleagues, I am so pleased to join with my peer regional GEA chairs and the AAMC medical education team in offering this important compendium of medical education innovation and scholarship.
    [Show full text]
  • Electives and Career Planning
    Electives and Career Planning John Graneto, D.O., M.Ed. Professor and Associate Dean Disclosure • This study was supported by a grant from the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine and the Osteopathic Heritage Foundation. IRB • This study was reviewed by the IRB at Midwestern University, Downers Grove IL. Acknowledgements • Statistical Support provided by: • Matthew S. Mayo, Ph.D., MBA • Founding Chair and Professor, Department of Biostatistics • KU Medical Center, Kansas City Introduction • Osteopathic medical students face decisions such as “should they enter primary care or a specialty field?” • Factors that ultimately influence an individual medical student’s specialty choice are also varied. 1,2 • What is less well described are the rotation elective choices students make based on entering these specialties. • The objective for this study is to compare the elective choices that students make. Background • Medical school curricula, generally consist of earlier years of foundational teachings in the science-based disciplines or systems and during the later years more clinically focused rotation-based bedside patient encounters with physician preceptors.6,7 • Every year thousands of osteopathic medical students throughout the country make the transition from these pre-clinical classroom years to the rotation-based clinical experiences.8,9 Background • Each student may have limited number of electives • Perceived lifestyle of that career choice is cited as one factor that influences students’ decisions to match in a
    [Show full text]
  • Promoting a More Adaptable Physician Pipeline
    Promoting a More Adaptable Physician Pipeline FDA & Health James C. Capretta The views expressed are those of the author in his personal capacity and not in her official/professional capacity. To cite this paper: James C. Capretta, “Promoting a More Adaptable Physician Pipeline”, released by the Regulatory Transparency Project of the Federalist Society, February 26, 2020 (https://regproject.org/wp- content/uploads/RTP-FDA-Health-Working-Group-Paper-Physician-Supply.pdf). This paper adapted from a report originally published by the American Enterprise Institute under the title “Policies affecting the number of physicians in the US and a framework for reform” (https://www.aei.org/wp- content/uploads/2020/03/Report-Policies-affecting-the-number-of-physicians-in-the-US-and-a-framework-for- reform.pdf) March 25, 2020 Table of Contents Executive Summary 3 Introduction 3-4 A Top-line Perspective 4-6 Historical Context 6-7 Basic Framework for Physician Licensure in the US 7-9 Foreign-Born Physicians and International Medical Graduates 9-12 Public Subsidies and Policies for Graduate Medical Education 12-15 More GME Funding Is Not the Answer 15-16 The Role of the Medicare Fee Schedule 17-18 Toward a More Flexible and Adaptable Pipeline of Prospective Physicians 18-20 Conclusion 21 2 Executive Summary Since the latter half of the 19th century, the medical profession has been effectively regulating itself through state medical boards and control of the organizations that certify educational and training institutions. The federal government participates in (but does not directly control) residency programs through partial funding provided mainly by Medicare.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Problem-Based Learning and Its Impact on Medical Students’ Attitudes and Academic Outcomes: a Meta-Analysis
    An Examination of Problem-Based Learning and its Impact on Medical Students’ Attitudes and Academic Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis by Alexandria L. Brice A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Auburn University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Auburn, Alabama May 7, 2017 Keywords: meta-analysis, active learning, medical students, problem-based learning, attitudinal behavior Copyright 2017 by Alexandria L. Brice Approved by James E. Witte, Chair, Professor, Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology Maria M. Witte, Professor, Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology Leslie A. Cordie, Assistant Professor of Educational Foundations, Leadership, and Technology Melody L. Russell, Associate Professor of Curriculum and Teaching Abstract This study examined the relationship of Problem-based Learning (PBL) and medical students’ attitudinal behavior and academic outcomes. The analyses of 14 independent, primary studies conducted between 2003 –2016, on 4,981 medical students across various medical schools were included in the study. The data were examined using a meta-analysis technique. Limits were set as a means to include and exclude research studies. Studies were considered for inclusion if the study resulted in effect sizes or statistics that could be converted to effect sizes. Articles related to academic outcomes and attitudinal behaviors of medical students’ use of PBL were included. Studies that were qualitative in nature were excluded due to the statistical analysis required for meta-analysis. Educational environments outside of medical education environments and education programs outside of medical education were also excluded. Studies were identified and examined to distinguish their congruence within the inclusion criteria. Studies that were included evaluated: PBL as an active learning technique, PBL in medical classrooms and settings, medical students’ attitudinal behaviors, perceptions, and academic outcomes.
    [Show full text]