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Article: Porfirio, Grasiela, Sarmento, Pedro, Xavier Filho, Nilson Lino et al. (2 more authors) (2014) Medium to large size mammals of southern Serra do Amolar, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilian Pantanal. Check List. pp. 473-482. ISSN 1809-127X

10.15560/10.3.473

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[email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Check List 10(3): 473–482, 2014 © 2014 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of lists and distribution

Medium to large size mammals of southern Serra do

PECIES Amolar, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazilian Pantanal S OF

1,2*, Pedro Sarmento 1, Nilson Lino Xavier Filho 2, Joana Cruz 3 and Carlos Fonseca 1 ISTS L

Grasiela1 University Porfirio of Aveiro, Biology Department and CESAM – Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar. 3810-193. Aveiro, Portugal.

3 University of York, Environment Department. YO10 5DD. Heslington, United Kingdom. *2 CorrespondingInstituto Homem author. Pantaneiro, E-mail: Environmental [email protected] Department. Comendador Domingos Sahib Street 300. CEP79300-130. Corumbá, MS, Brasil.

Abstract: Serra do Amolar (Amolar Mountain Ridge) is considered a Priority Area for biodiversity conservation in the Pantanal biome according to the Environmental Ministry of . Despite this fact, it is a little-studied area, lacking basic information such as species inventories. In this study, we provide a list of the medium- to large-sized mammals that inhabit the southern Serra do Amolar. We carried out a survey at Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve and Santa Tereza ranch from March 2009 to May 2013. We used non-invasive methods to generate a list of 33 species from 18 families, including Endangered species such as the giant (Pteronura brasiliensis), such as the lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris onca), highlighting the

), and Near Threatened species such as the ( importance of this area for mammal conservation in a regional context. DOI:

10.15560/10.3.473

Introduction is critical since it is the basis for improving integrated The Pantanal is one of the largest continuous wetlands management of the entire biome. of the world and it covers around 210,000 km2 (Mittermeier Regarding mammal biodiversity, several inventories et al. 2002) in Brazil, and . This biome is known for its unique abundance of wildlife (Trolle 2003), species in the Brazilian Pantanal (Schaller 1983; Alho et which results from seasonal changes in feeding and alconducted since theet 1980sal. 2002; have Trolle identified 2003; Alho a total 2008; of 174 reproductive niches (Alho 2008; Alho et al. 2011). Despite Alho et al. 2011). In a recent update, Carmignotto et this fact, the mammalian fauna of the Pantanal is still poorly al.. 1987; Rodrigues known (Rodrigues et al. 2002; Desbiez et al. 2010). The shared between , Caatinga, Amazonian and threats to the biome are increasing, mainly due to changes (2012) asserted that 79 species of mammals are absent in the Pantanal (Harris et al. 2005; Junk et al. the use of more nutritious pasture) and agriculture on the 2006).Atlantic rainforest. Faunal or floral endemism is virtually plateau,in productionboth leading in theto an floodplains increase (particularlyin deforestation through and Although mammal occurrence and distribution in the loss of natural habitat (Desbiez et al. 2009a; Desbiez et Pantanal is considered poorly documented (Rodrigues al et al. 2002; Trolle 2003; Junk et al. 2006; Desbiez et al. ranchers have been clearing land, mainly through the use 2010), there is a consensus that this biome serves as a . 2009b; Alho and Sabino 2011). Since the early 1970s, refuge for the largest populations of several threatened the carrying capacity for livestock (Desbiez et al. 2011). and endangered species, such as the marsh of fire, and planting pastures of exotic grasses to improve Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815), the Pteronura brasiliensis whoseApproximately main economic 17% of activity the Pantanal is beef production,has been deforested occupy Myrmecophaga tridactyla through the use of fire (Allho 2008) and private ranches,et Panthera onca (Gmelin, 1788), the giant anteater al. 2005). Other threats are caused by non-sustainable Priodontes maximus (Linnaeus, 1758), the jaguar practicesapproximately of socio-economic 95% of the Braziliandevelopment, Pantanal such (Harrisas illegal pointed out by Harris (Linnaeus, et al. 1758),(2005) in the their giant appraisal armadillo of Pantanal diversity.(Kerr, Considering 1792), this and point, many increased others as pesticides, leading to a progressive deterioration of natural knowledge on the distributions of mammals and their habitatsfishing and (Alho hunting, 2008; Alhounplanned and Sabino tourism, 2011). and pollution by in the Pantanal can contribute to the Within the vulnerability scenario of the Pantanal improvement of conservation strategies for these species, (Harris et al. 2005; Alho and Sabino 2011), species since the biome is currently facing changes in its landscape surveys and inventories provide the essential baseline (Desbiez et al. 2009a; Desbiez et al. 2010). Thus, the goal data for monitoring impacts on wildlife, caused by factors of this study is to provide a list of medium- and large-sized such as habitat conversion and climate change, and for mammals found in southern Serra do Amolar, situated in determining conservation priorities (Tobler et al. 2008). the Pantanal of Brazil, and to assess capture rates based on camera trapping surveys.

In this context, knowledge of the biodiversity of the region 473 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

Materials and Methods area of 20,268 ha. The EEB protected area was created The study was carried out at Serra do Amolar region in 2008 by means of a private initiative to enhance the conservation efforts of the Pantanal Matogrossense Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage National Park. The EEB protected area is shaped by on Santa Tereza ranch (18°18′38″ S, 57°30′10″ W) and

Reserve (18°05′25″ S, 57°28′24″ W). Both properties mountains,are swamps and seasonally flooded grasslands. limitedsituated toin the the west state by theof BolivianMato Grosso border do and Sul, to theapproximately ReserveThe flood-prone is a category area of protected is comprised area established of water by bodies the that 180 km north of Corumbá in the Upper Paraguay BrazilianrepresentBasin, Federal 58% of Decree the EEBNo PNHR. A Private Natural Heritage Decree No. 1992 of 1996, where citizens voluntarily engage Pantanaleast by also the has Pantanal mountainous floodplains areas such (Figure as the 1). Urucum Although in the process of effective. 98914 protection of 1990, of and representative updated by consideredMassif and Amolarone of Mountainthe largest Ridge floodplains (Silva et al.in 2000).the world, The theBrazilian ecosystems. highest point is Amolar peak at an altitude of 1000 m. This Santa Tereza ranch, the second site surveyed, is in an Precambrian massif establishes an abrupt ecotone with the area contiguous with EEB, and covers 63,000 ha, of which et al. 2006), working as a geological control of the water activity is carried out on the ranch. The forest remnants drainage.seasonally The flooded climate plains of the of theUpper Brazilian Paraguay Pantanal Basin (Junk (APB) occupyonly 3% an is area used surrounding for cattle ranching.the Baía Vermelha, No other one economic of the is considered seasonal and as tropical savannah (AW) largest lakes of the basin (Calheiros and

Four traditional communities (Castelo, Paraguai Mirim, andaccording cold climate to the during Köppen the winter, classification and an annual (Cadavid-Garcia average Ferreira 1997). 1984), with a hot and humid climate in the summer, a dry vegetation of the Serra do Amolar region is composed of site,Amolar and and their Barra main do Sãoeconomic Lourenço), activities with approximatelyare associated galleryprecipitation forest of and 1,300 riparian mm (PCBAP forest along1997). watercourses The predominant and 400 people, are settled in the neighborhood of the study the Paraguai River, dry and humid savannahs, seasonal hunting is reported by some locals, and is directed at deciduous forest and seasonal semi-deciduous forest, and specieswith fishing such and as small-scalecapybaras cattleHydrochoeris production. hydrochaeris Subsistence et Caiman yacare (Daudin, 1802), al. 2012; Carmignotto et al. 2012). and Pecari tajacu occasional rocky fields (approximately 1%) (Sá Arruda (Linnaeus, 1766), caimans Private Natural Heritage Reserve (EEB), covering a total Data collection (Linnaeus, 1758). The first area surveyed was Engenheiro Eliezer Batista The study was carried out in seven phases: (I) from March 2009 to February 2010; (II) in March 2011; (III) from August to October 2011; (IV) from November 2011 to January 2012; (V) from February to May 2012; (VI) from August to September 2012; and (VII) from November 2012 to May 2013. We used a range of non-invasive methodologies to conduct the surveys, including camera trapping, track census, and direct observations (Silveira et al. 2003; Trolle 2003; Lyra-Jorge et al. 2008). Camera trapping was the main method employed, with the other methods complementing the species list. Paths, dirt roads, sand banks and watercourse margins were followed during phases I and II in order to record the presence of mammals based on track census and direct observations - this latter particularly for arboreal species at Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Protected Area. Tracks were

the other phases, several camera trapping surveys were carriedidentified out based at Engenheiro on Lima-Borges Eliezer Batista and Tomas Protected (2004). Area In and Santa Tereza ranch (Table 1). The cameras were installed in different habitats, such as gallery forests, savannahs, and deciduous and semi-deciduous forests. All

h/day) and to take pictures at an interval of 30 seconds forcameras the digital were models programmed (Bushnell to operateTrophy Cam continuously and Panthera (24

analogical equipment (Tigrinus Conventional 6C). The geographicCamera Trap coordinates V4), and intervalsof camera of fivetraps, minutes photographic for the captures, presence signs, and observations were recorded using a GPS navigator. Figure 1. Map of the study site located at the Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve, and Santa Tereza ranch, Pantanal of Camera trap sampling effort was determined by Brazil. multiplying the number of camera traps by the number of

474 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

through direct observations, evidence from tracks or Chiarello (2005). Food scraps and cat urine were used to fresh burrows. In the southeastern part of the Pantanal, sampling days (1d=24 hours), as seen in Srbek-Araujo and Trolle (2003) recorded 30 species of medium- to large- sized mammals, while Rodrigues et al. (2002) recorded drawingsattract the in . Eisenberg Camera and Redford trap records (1999). were Nomenclature identified followedaccording Wilson to Lima-Borges and Reeder (2005). and Tomas (2004) and by de Conservação da Bacia do Alto Paraguai – Conservation To estimate the relative abundance of the terrestrial 93 species for the entire floodplain. The PCBAP (Plano provides one of the most complete lists that have been (Carbone et al. 2001), which is calculated using the number publishedPlan for the for Upper the mammals Paraguay that River inhabit Basin the- Brasil region, 1997) listing also ofmammals, independent we usedpictures the Relativefrom each Abundance species divided Index (RAI)by (Rodrigues et al. 2002). Until recently, it was believed that pictures of the same species to guarantee independence 13275 species, mammal and species acts as occurred a reference in the for Pantanal the Pantanal (Alho 2008).region betweenthe sampling them (Toblereffort. etWe al. used 2008). an A speciesinterval accumulation of 24 h between However, in a recente up date, Alho et al. curve was obtained through randomizations (with 1000 mammal species inhabiting the Brazilian Pantanal. runs) of different sized samples using the software R (2011) cited 174 version 2.15.3. We treated each survey day as a sample, mammal species believed to inhabit the region of our following Tobler et al. (2008). studyIn thisarea study,according we recordedto Schaller 33 of(1983). the 43 In non-flying fact, we recorded similar species to those observed by that author Results on Acurizal Ranch, which is located 30 km north of our With a total sampling effort for track census and direct study area in the northern side of Amolar Mountain Ridge. Although we used multiple methods to generate our inventory, we did not register some species observed daysobservations (Table 1), equivalent we recorded to 378.5 33 species km over from 45 18 field families days, by Schaller (1983), such as the Chrysocyon (Tableand a camera 2 and Figurestrapping 2 samplingand 3). effort of 11,414was the camera- richest brachyurus (Illiger, 1815), and some arboreal species such mammalian order in our inventory (Table 2). as the prehensile-tailed porcupine Coendou prehensilis During the surveys we found four primate species had a camera trapping record (Table 2). The agouti (Linnaeus, 1758). Schaller’s study was carried out at the Dasyprocta(Figure 4), azarae and all the species identified by tracks also1983).end of 1970s and, by that time, these species were already Cerdocyon thous considered extremely rare or difficult to detect (Schaller deer Mazama gouazoubiraLichtenstein, 1823, crab-eating behavior and abundance of the terrestrial species. Clearly, species most recorded(Linnaeus, by the 1766), camera and traps, graywhile brocketthe the Theplacement differences of the concerning camera traps RAIs near seem the to ground, reflect and the Euphractus(Fischer, sexcinctus 1814) (Linnaeus, were the the sensitivity of the sensor biased our results in favor of medium- to large-sized ground-dwelling mammals, Tamanduasix banded tetradactyla armadillo especially those species that frequently use roads, where lipped1758), the giant Tayassu armadillo, pecari the southern tamandua camera traps were preferentially installed (Harmsen et deer Blastocerus dichotomus(Linnaeus, (Illiger, 1815) 1758), were thethe least white- al. 2010). That said, we did capture some small mammal recorded, and therefore showed (Link, the 1795) lowest and RAIs the (Figure marsh species with this method, such as Thrichomys pachyurus 5). The species accumulation curve obtained considering Philander opossum only the camera trapping records presented an asymptotic which has two spots over the eyes, a prehensile tail with tendency (Figure 6). (Wagner, 1845) and (Linnaeus, 1758) rest of which is naked, black in 2/3 basal portion and Discussion discoloredless than 20% in 1/3 of thedistal basal portion portion as covereddescribed with in fur,Rossi the and Bianconi (2011) (Figure 3). Since different species have different probabilities of being detected by camera One of the first inventories in the Pantanal that included traps due to distinct behavioral traits, it is important a broad multi-taxa sampling effort was conducted by NhecolândiaSchaller (1983) sub-region on the of Acurizal the Pantanal, Ranch, Alho which et al. identified abundance relative to the abundance of all other species 64 species, of which 43 were non-flying mammals. In the to emphasize that this index is an estimation of species Desbiez et al. (2010) observed 25 medium- to large-sized (1987) population size estimator (Walker et al. 2000; Eduardo mammalidentified species 33 mammal in the same species, area excluding as Alho et bats, al. while andidentified Passamani by the 2009). method, The dense and cannot vegetation be usedand the as a

Table 1. Data from camera trapping campaigns carried out in Engenheiro (1987) Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve, and Santa Tereza ranch from August 2011 to May 2013.

STUDY NO. OF CAMERA AVERAGE DISTANCE SURVEY SAMPLING EFFORT PHASE TRAPS BETWEEN CAMERAS (M) DAYS (CAMERA-DAYS) III 23 500 62 IV 12 1,500 58 696 1,426 V 20 1,500 95 1,900 VI 500 30 VII 2,000 166 14 420 Total 110 414 11,414 42 6,972

475 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

for surveying nocturnal, rare and cryptic mammals. resultsflooded onlyfields as restricted a rough ourestimate. movements We agree while with surveying Sberk- camera traps, our species accumulation curve showed an the area and, due to these difficulties, we consider these asymptoticAlthough some tendency, expected demonstrating species were that wenot succeededrecorded by the relatively practical and non-intrusive method, especially Araujo and Chiarello (2005) that camera traps are a in recording the vast majority of the medium-to large-

Figure 2. Mammal species detected at southern Amolar Mountain Ridge (Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve and Santa Tereza ranch) through camera trapping surveys carried out from August 2011 to May 2013. A. Pecari tajacu; B. pardalis; C. Dasyprocta azarae; D. Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris; E. Panthera onca; F. Myrmecophaga tridactyla; G. nasua; H. Mazama gouazoubira; I. yagouaroundi; J. Cerdocyon thous; L. Puma concolor; M. Tolypeutes matacus; N. Tapirus terrestris; O. Tamandua tetradactyla; P. Sylivilagus brasiliensis.

476 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

Figure 3. Mammal species detected at southern Amolar Mountain Ridge through camera trapping surveys and direct observations carried out from August 2011 to May 2013. A. Blastocerus dichotomus; B. Mazama americana; C. Priodontes maximus; D. Urosciurus spadiceus; E. Eira barbara; F. Dasypus novemcinctus; G. Thrichomys pachyurus; H. Tayassu pecari; I. Philander opossum.

presence and abundance in order to apply consistent thatsized occur ground-dwelling in low population mammals densities that are or expected those that for the measuresit is quite that important can minimize to gather these all losses. possible data on jaguar methodologyarea, only missing was unlikelythose that to mightcapture be (Voss extinct and in Emmonsthe area, The white-lipped peccary Tayassu pecari 1996). Several threatened species inhabit EEB PHNR and (Taber et al. et al. 2006) and is (Link,a Vulnerable 1795), Santa Tereza ranch. Among them, we recorded Endangered specieswhich is(IUCN one of2013), the mostwas recorded important only prey once of by the camera jaguar species such as the giant otter, which according to Schaller trap in May 1997; 2013, Weckel although a medium-sized group of due to intensive hunting; Vulnerable species such as the 2006 at Santa Tereza ranch (GP, personal observation). The lowland(1983) was tapir, considered the marsh virtually deer, andexterminated the giant inarmadillo, the area white-lippedapproximately peccary 20 individuals is a widespread was fruit-eatingobserved in mammal November in Neotropical rainforests (Bodmer 1990), which strongly reported for Serra do Amolar at Engenheiro Eliezer associates with forested areas (Desbiez et al. 2009b). with the first camera trapping record foret althis. 2012), latter andspecies Although the main threats to the species are related to habitat loss and hunting pressure (Carrillo et al. 2002), we Batista Protected Area in 2012 (Porfirio believe that the species may occur in low densities in the Near Threatened species such as the jaguar. In Brazil, the anpersecution attempt to of minimize , asthe well damage as other caused wildlife by livestock species, of the unsuitability of the study area habitat. In another predationis illegal, but(Marchini there are and still casesMacdonald of jaguars 2012). being Human shot in study areasite, inas theis also central the Pantanal,case in the Desbiez floodplains, et al. (2009a) because occupancy around the reserve is primarily by traditional found that white-lipped peccary densities were higher also small-scale cattle-raising systems. Hence, a single where the species was rarely sighted. cattlecommunities depredation that focus event on by fishing a native activities, predator but is theretreated are in forestedThe southern landscapes three-banded when compared armadillo to theTolypeutes floodplain, matacus species found in our inventory, had already been recorded as a significant loss that can lead to negative perceptions (Desmarest, 1804), another Near Threatened and attitudes towards these animals. So, in this context, 477 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

Figure 4. Primates observed at southern Amolar Mountain Ridge, Pantanal of Brazil. A. Callicebus pallescens picture by Erison Monteiro; B. Aotus azarae Allouata caraya; D. Sapajus cay. inpicture the Serraby Claudenice do Amolar Faxina; (Schaller C. 1983) and in the Pantanal Mico melanura (É. Geoffroy, of Nhecolândia (Alho et al 1812), occurs only in small isolated and elevated areas such from southeastern Bolivia and Mato Grosso, Brazil, through asextensive Urucum areas. Massif For (Vivo, example, 1991), and there is a considerable the Paraguayan Chaco to. 1987).the Province This species of Buenos is distributed Aires in (Wetzell 1985). Considered an opportunistic (Rodrigues et al. 2002). The remaining primate species insectivore (Bolkovic et al. 1995), this species is probably lack of information of its status in the Pantanal floodplain Aotus azarae (Humboldt, seem1811), to seems be associated to occur inwith transitional specific vegetationvegetation types.zones, For foodfacing (Abba a significant and Superina decline 2010). due to widespread habitat loss example,and on ridges Azara’s (Rodrigues night monkey et al et al. 2008). throughConsidering much of the its range,lack of and information because of for exploitation this region, for Although Aotus azarae is typically nocturnal (Fernandez- it is also important to highlight the detection of some Duque and Erkert 2006), it was. 2002; twice Cáceres seen during the day in the EEB PNHR. According to Schaller (1983), this species also occasionally calls in the daytime, and specieslongicaudis categorized (Olfers, 1818), as Data the agouti Deficient Dasyprocta according azarae to the Fernandez-Duque and Erkert (2006) found that this IUCN(Lichtenstein, Red List 1823), (2013), and for the example: the deerriver Mazamaotter species may be more active during the day if unfavorable americana lightning or temperature conditions prevail during the reported in other inventories carried out in the Pantanal night. Callicebus pallescens (Trolle 2003;(Erxleben, Desbiez 1777).et al. 2010) These and species records have such been as through direct observation and vocalization. According to these are essential for mammal conservation at a regional Hershkovitz (1990), C. pallescens(Thomas, occurs 1907) within was identifiedthe study scale, since the presence or absence of a particular species area, but there is little information about this primate provides the basic information necessary to assess its species for the Pantanal overall, and Tomas et al. (2010) ecological requirements. Deer are represented by four species in the Pantanal: for the Pantanal according to Rodrigues et al. (2002) Blastocerushas challenged dichotomus the validity, Mazama of this species’ americana taxonomic, Mazama rank. andWe Melo recorded et al. four of the six primate species reported gouazoubira and Ozotoceros bezoarticus Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) (2009),, which and isthese typically species registered seem to exhibitover areas, while species from the genus Mazama (Linnaeus, can be 1758). found a fragmented distribution, except for The first species is associated with marshy and flooded 478 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

Figure 5. Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve and the Santa Tereza Ranch (Amolar Mountain Ridge, Pantanal of Brazil), carried out from August 2011 Index to May of Relative2013. Abundance (RAI) obtained by the number of records of each mammal species registered by camera trapping at the

Ozotoceros bezoarticus, which et al. that occur in the Pantanal according to Alho et al. (2011). (Rodriguesover the entire et al .floodplain. 2002) and, since little of this habitat type The presence 2010). We of suchregistered a high 50%number of theof speciescarnivore suggests species was not recorded in this study, mainly inhabit field areas absence of the species from our inventory. and abundant prey, the most important ecological is foundThe richnesswithin the of reserve, carnivores this could found probably in our explainstudy sitethe requirementsthat the study for area carnivores presents (Pierce sufficient et al. 2000). habitat integrity followed a pattern close to that observed in other mammal The importance of the EEB PNHR and Santa Tereza studies carried out in the Pantanal (Trolle 2003; Desbiez ranch for the conservation of biodiversity is based not only on the presence of endangered and threatened species, but

of neighboring biomes such as the Chaco, Amazon Forest andalso Cerrado.on the diversity Additionally, of habitats the EEB as a PNHR result and of the Santa influence Tereza ranch are located in a strategic geographical position, i.e. in the corridor formed by the Pantanal Matogrossense National Park and four other Private Natural Heritage Reserves that together comprise the Network for Protection and Conservation of the Serra do Amolar (“Rede de Proteção e Conservação da Serra do Amolar”), a multi-organizational conservation framework for the Serra do Amolar that legally protects 209,000 hectares of Pantanal biome (Bertassoni et al. 2012). Furthermore, our study applies the recommendations of the Environment

biodiversity inventories for the Serra do Amolar region, Ministry of Brazil (MMA 2007) to establish, as a priority, for conservation. The results obtained from this study Figure 6. Species accumulation curve obtained through randomizations revealsince it the is classifiedneed to concentrate as an area ofconservation extremely highinitiatives importance in (with 1000 runs) considering the camera trapping surveys carried out at this region, both in public and private areas, since it plays the Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve and the Santa Tereza ranch (Amolar Mountain Ridge, Pantanal of Brazil), from an important role as a refuge for the mammalian fauna in August 2011 to May 2013.

the western floodplains of the Pantanal.

479 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

Table 2. in Engenheiro Eliezer Batista Private Natural Heritage Reserve and Santa Tereza ranch between March 2010 and May 2013. GF= Gallery Forest, RF= Riparian Forest,List of species, DS= Dry common Savannah, name, HS= habitat Humid type, Savannah, conservation SDF= Seasonal status according Deciduous to IUCNForest, Red SSF= List Seasonal (2013), andSemi-deciduous type of record Forest, of mammals RF= Rocky identified Field,

E=Endangered. R=River, T= Tracks, CT= Camera trap, DO= Direct Observation, B= Burrow, LC= Least Concern, DD= Data Deficient, V= Vulnerable, NT = Near Threatened, CONSERVATION TYPE OF TAXON AND SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME HABITAT TYPE STATUS RECORD Cervidae Mazama gouazoubira Gray GF, RF, SDF, SSF LC T/CT Mazama americana Red brocket deer GF, RF, SDF, SSF DD CT/DO/T (Fischer, 1814) Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815) HS V T/CT/DO (Erxleben, 1777) Tayassuidae Pecari tajacu GF, DS, SSF LC CT/T Tayassu pecari White-lipped peccary SSF, GF V CT/T (Linnaeus, 1758) Didelphidae (Link, 1795) Philander opossum Gray four-eyed opossum RF, SSF LC CT (Linnaeus, 1758) Cerdocyon thous GF, DS, SDF, SSF LC T/CT/DO (Linnaeus, 1758) Crab-eating fox Leopardus pardalis Ocelot GF, RF, DS, HS, SDF, SSF LC T/CT Puma yagouaroundi (É. Geoffroy, 1803) SSF LC T/CT (Linnaeus, 1758) Puma concolor Puma SDF, SSF LC T/CT Panthera onca Jaguar RF, GF, HS, SSF NT T/CT/DO (Linnaeus, 1771) (Linnaeus, 1758) Eira barbara SDF, SSF LC CT/DO Lontra longicaudis (Olfers, 1818) Neotropical otter RF, R DD DO (Linnaeus, 1758) Pteronura brasiliensis Giant otter RF, R E DO (Gmelin, 1788) Nasua nasua DS, SDF, SSF LC T/CT cancrivorus Crab-eating raccoon SSF LC CT (Linnaeus, 1766) Sciuridae (C.[Baron] Cuvier, 1798) Urosciurus spadiceus Olfers, 1818 Southern Amazon Squirrel SDF, SSF LC DO/CT Dasyprocta azarae Lichtenstein, 1823 RF, SSF DD T/CT/DO Caviidae Azara’s agouti Hydrochoeris hydrochaeris Capybara GF, RF, HS LC T/CT/DO Echimyidae (Linnaeus, 1766) Thrichomys pachyurus Sauía SDR, RF LC DO/CT Tapiridae (Wagner, 1845) Tapirus terrestris Lowland tapir GF, RF, DS, SDF, SSF V T/CT Cebidae Linnaeus, 1758 Sapajus cay (Illiger, 1815) GF, SSF LC DO/CT Mico melanura (É. Geoffroy, 1812) Silvery marmoset SDF, SSF LC DO Azara’s capuchin Aotidae Aotus azarae (Humboldt, 1811) Azara´s night monkey SDF, SSF LC DO Atelidae Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) Black howler monkey RF, SDF, SSF LC DO/CT Pitheciidae Callicebus pallescens Chacoan Titi monkey SDF, SSF LC DO Dasypodidae (Thomas, 1907) Dasypus novemncictus Nine-banded armadillo GF, SSF LC CT Priodontes maximus Giant armadillo SSF V T/B/CT Linnaeus, 1758 Euphractus sexcinctus DS, SSF LC CT (Kerr, 1792) Tolypeutes matacus Southern three-banded armadillo SSF NT CT (Linnaeus, 1758) Six-banded armadillo Myrmecophagidae (Desmarest, 1804) Myrmecophaga tridactyla Giant anteater DS, HS, SSF V CT Tamandua tetradactyla Southern tamandua SSF LC CT Linnaeus, 1758 Leporidae (Linnaeus, 1758) Sylvilagus brasiliensis Tapeti SDF, SSF LC CT

(Linnaeus, 1758) Acknowledgments: This study was supported by MMX Mineração e Viviane Moreira, Fernanda Rabelo and Valdir Pereira for their invaluable of Portugal, and Department of Biology from Aveiro University. FCT Arackén Porfirio, André Giovanni Coelho, Vania Foster, Stephanie Leal, Metálicos - EBX holding Brazil, FCT – Fundação para Ciência e Tecnologia We thank Teresa Bracher, the owner of Santa Tereza ranch and her trapsassistance to cover during the study the field site, campaigns.and to Luiz AGustavo special R. thanks Oliveira-Santos to Fernando for provided a scholarship grant to the first author (SFRH/BD/51033/2010). helpingTortato, withRafael the Hoogesteijn data analysis. and Panthera NGO that lent us the camera Wagner Amorim Brandão, Franciane Souza da Silva, Thomas Rosen, employees for field assistance. We also thank Ramão Feitosa, André 480 Porfirioet al. | Mammals of Southern Serra do Amolar, Pantanal

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