CAIDA’s IPv4 & IPv6 AS Core

B AS-level GRAPH S B S a i n i a n n n g g g J k J g a a a Archipelago August 2010 k p o a IN p k N k o IN o k , o a I N a k , r , y r I B r , e B r , y T i a e t , e , t T a e , i a h b a i H S l i h b j , j , S H IPv4 T IPv6 e T l i i n I G m I G a a n e m D o 90E D D 90E i g 0E E i g o p 10 80 p 100E D , E B , 80E E e A e B C , V C A i E i S i E V , 110 l , 10 , S N 70 b a e N 1 7 i l T E d o T 0E a e a b W i u W d o h v a u l A i E o , h v l 0 D s 0E o , 12 t K 2 I D 6 u 1 s K 0 o 60 t E k R E u o b S R , b k A

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ANALYSIS TEAM . Bradley Huffaker, kc claffy This visualization represents macroscopic snapshots of corresponds to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). We map largest observed degree in both 2009 and 2010. The In neither 2009 nor 2010 are the top degree-ranked surprising given the reportedly large IPv6 deployment in Number of Number of Number of Number of SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT Young Hyun, Matthew Luckie IPv4 and IPv6 Internet topology samples captured in each observed IP address to the AS responsible for routing second and third largest ASes, AS 174 and AS 3549, also ASes the same across IPv4 and IPv6. The IPv4 core is Asia. This gap may reflect the geographic bias of our IP addresses IP links ASes AS links fraction of largest degree per year vs. time POSTER DESIGN Connie Lyu, Will Michaelsen 2010. The plotting method illustrates both the extensive traffic to it, i.e., to the origin (end-of-path) AS for the IP maintained the same observed degree relative to the centered primarly in the United States, while the IPv6 IPv6-capable monitor deployment: five in the US, four in IPv4 16,802,061 18,796,744 26,7021 85,104 6939 (Hurricane Electric) geographical scope as well as rich interconnectivity of prefix representing the best match for this address in BGP largest degree AS (3356) for the last two years. In contrast, core includes Europe as well as the United States. We Europe, and only one in Asia. 150 6695 (DE-CIX) IPv6 8,551 21,852 715 1,672 nodes participating in the global Internet routing sytem. routing tables collected from Route Views. ASes 7018, 701, and 1239 saw observed peering degree observed no high-degree "hub" IPv6 ASes in Asia, 1200 (AMS-IX1) 3257 (Tinet) ARK HOSTS AARNet, Acreo, AMS-IX, APAN, ARIN, ASTI, CAIDA, Canarie, CENIC, CNRST, CYMRU, Evolva Telecom, FORTH, FunkFeuer, For the IPv4 map, CAIDA collected data from 45 monitors The position of each AS node is plotted in polar declines relative to the largest degree AS 3356, slipping to 5459 (London Internet Exchange) located in 24 countries on 6 continents. Coordinated by coordinates (radius, angle) calculated as follows. 4th, 5th, and 7th place. Note that we rank each AS 3549 (Global Crossing Ltd.) HEANet, Hurricane Electric, Indonesian IPv6 Task Force, Internet Systems Consortium, Iowa State Univ., KREONet2, Level 3 Top Ranked ASes our active measurement infrastructure, Archipelago independently; some network providers have topology 2914 (NTT America, Inc.) IPv4 IPv6 11537 (Internet2) Communications, Men and Mice, National Research Council Canada, NCAR, NIC Chile, NIC Mexico, Northeastern Univ., Public Univ. of 1 outdegree(AS) + 1 (Ark ), the monitors probed paths toward 174 million /24 radius = spread across multiple ASes. A more accurate 3356 6939 174 (Cogent) Navarra, Purdue Univ., RNP, Southern Methodist Univ., SURFnet, TKK, TWAREN, UCAD, Univ. Leipzig, Univ. Politècnica de Catalunya, Univ. of 1 - log maximum.outdegree + 1 174 200 3257 networks that cover 96% of the routable prefixes seen in ( ) topology-based ranking of providers would require a 3549 1200 1299 (TeliaNet Global Network) 3000 100 Cambridge, Univ. of Hawaii, Univ. of Napoli, Univ. of Nevada at Reno, Univ. of Oregon, Univ. of Waikato, Univ. of Washington, Univ. of 2 7018 6695 6175 (Sprint) the Route Views (BGP) routing longitude of the AS’s BGP prefixes validated list of AS ownership -- data not currently 1299 5459 12008 (Centergate Research, LLC) = 701 2914 Zurich, US Army Research Lab tables on 1 August 2010. angle available. 2500 ( in netacq ) 3257 150 3549 COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION FOR INTERNET DATA ANALYSIS 4323 6453 For the IPv6 map, CAIDA collected data from 12 Ark The observed IPv6 AS ranking experienced greater 1239 San Diego Supercomputer Center . University of California, San Diego 174 Copyright (c) 2010 UC Regents monitors located in 6 countries on 3 continents. This Our IPv6 graph grew from 515 AS nodes in January 2009 change. AS 6939 moved up from 2nd place in 2009 to 1st 2000 209 1299 9500 Gilman Drive, mc0505 . La Jolla, CA 92093-0505 . 858-534-5000 2914 11537 All rights reserved. 6461 6175 degree subset of monitors probed paths toward 307 thousand to 948 nodes in August 2010 (84% growth). Over the same place in 2010. AS 1200 dropped from 1st to 3rd place. AS degree 100 12008 http://www.caida.org/research/topology/as_core_network/ 1500 IPv6 prefixes which represent 99.6% of the globally period, the number of ASes in our IPv4 graph grew 22%, 12008 and 6175 fell out of the top ten, allowing AS 1299 50 routed IPv6 prefixes seen in Route View's BGP tables on 1 from 23K to 28K. and 174 to rise to 9th and 10th place. The third and fourth digital 1000 envoy August 2010. We aggregate this IP-level data to construct Most ASes grew their observed peering degree in both ranked ASes -- AS1200 and AS6695 -- are both exchange 50 IPv4 and IPv6 Internet connectivity graphs at the our IPv4 and IPv6 graphs, although at different rates, points rather than transit providers, reflecting the less 500

Autonomous System (AS) level. Each AS approximately which alters their relative degree-based rank over time. In mature state of the IPv6 topology, i.e., characterized by Archipelago 1 Ark: http://www.caida.org/projects/ark/ 0 0 www.caida.org the IPv4 graph, AS 3356 remained dominant, with the relatively fewer private peering relationships. 200801 200901 201009 200901 201009 2 Route Views: http://www.routeviews.org/ date date 0 200901 date 201008