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The tennis stadium proved to be very suitable for the fencing bouts. The cupola hall of the House of German Sport was the scene of many exciting competitions. INDIVIDUAL COMPETITIONS Fencing Number of Competitors Rounds Single Bouts Hits Recorded By far the heaviest demands upon the programme of the Xlth Olympic Games were made by the Foils (Ladies) 41 13 227 1612 fencing competitions. From the first to the last day, from early morning to late in the evening, Foils (Men) 62 22 395 2901 fencing was in progress. Long after the silence of night had enshrouded the Olympic arenas, one Epée (Men) 68 15 557 2395 Sabres (Men) 71 19 392 2863 could still hear the clash of weapons in the Cupola Hall of the House of German Sport on the Reich Sport Field. It was a tournament of gigantic magnitude. The programme corresponded exactly with Total 242 69 1571 9771 that of the Games from 1924 to 1932: There were individual events and team competitions for men TEAM COMPETITIONS in foils, épée and sabres; furthermore individual foils' contests for ladies. In addition, the épée fenc­ Number of Competitors Team Competitions Single Bouts Hits Recorded ing in connection with the "Modern Pentathlon" was on the programme. The épée and the foils Foils 18 38 585 4262 competitions each lasted 5 days, while the last 4 days were exclusively devoted to sabre competitions. Epée 21 46 634 2856 Sabres 21 44 662 4770 The general mode of procedure was practically decided upon as far back as 1934. The organizers of the Olympic fencing contests visited every competition of any importance at home or abroad Total 60 128 1881 11888 for some years before the Berlin Games, and the experience thus gathered was put to good use COMPILATION during the Olympic tournament. The arenas for the events were in readiness at an early date, the Total Rounds Single Bouts Hits Recorded electric apparatus for registering the hits and the announcement board were installed. After thorough Individual Competitions 69 1571 9771 tests they were declared to be in working order. All arrangements had been completed 8 days before Team Competitions 128 1881 11888 the fencing tournament started. 197 3452 21659 Fencers from four continents had assembled in Berlin. Thirty-one nations participated in the fencing Epée fencing in connection with the "Modern contests, 18 being represented in the foils events, and 21 each in the épée and in the sabre events. A Pentathlon" 141 990 ca. 1100 chronicler went to the trouble of compiling the following figures : Total 338 4442 22759 752 753 Source : Bibliothèque du CIO / IOC Library In this connection, it deserves mention that many rounds and contests were not fought to a finish, Fencing if the victory of one of the competitors could be foreseen as a certainty. If this had been done, the Entries and participation. Entered: 30 nations with 332 participants. Competed: 29 nations with 310 participants. total figures would have been considerably larger. During the épée fencing the "hit" signal sounded Number of competitors who were entered for and who competed in the various Fencing Contests and total numbers from each country. about 30,000 times and 2,100 small wooden number plates had to be affixed to the result board. Foils Epée SalDre T otal Numbers Individual Individual from Each An extensive organization had been established, members of the National Socialist Special Guard Country Teams Teams ieams Country ') and of the Hitler Youth, and students of the Reich Academy for Physical Training belonging to it. Men Women Men Men comp. ent. comp. ent. comp. Also, the numerous judges, serving on the committees and hailing from practically all countries, press- ent. comp. ent. comp. ent. comp. ent. comp. ent. comp. ent. 6 5 3 3 _ _ 6 4 3 2 6 4 3 3 8 8 headquarters with a polyglot service, soldiers of the German Air Force in charge of the tele-type­ 6 Egypt 5 4 3 3 — — 6 5 3 3 — — 1 1 7 3 3 11 11 writers, and then naturally the actual organizers of the contests, the offices of the technical manage­ 6 6 3 3 •— — 6 5 3 2 —• — 6 6 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 3 6 5 3 3 21 20 ment, the scoring list recorders, who worked incessantly for a full fortnight, the armourers, and 5 4 3 3 1 1 5 4 3 3 4 — 3 3 6 6 — — 1 1 — — — — 1 1 — — 1 1 1 1 many others. This organization found the estimation of our guests. The President of the "Fédération Chile —• — 3 3 — — 6 5 3 2 6 5 3 3 9 7 1 1 Internationale d'Escrime", Paul Anspach (Brussels), addressed a letter to the German Organizing — .— — •—. — — — — — — —• —• 1 1 6 5 3 3 3 3 6 4 3. 3 5 4 3 3 9 9 Committee, in which he says: —• 6 6 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 2 6 6 3 3 19 19 Great Britain 6 6 3 3 2 2 6 6 3 3 6 5 3 3 19 18 "You have had considerable work, your organization was perfect, your devotion boundless. You — — 1 1 1 1 6 4 3 3 6 5 3 3 12 11 6 6 3 3 — — 6 6 3 3 6 6 3 3 16 16 12 all have rendered the "Fédération Internationale d'Escrime" distinguished services, for which we 6 6 3 3 2 2 — — 3 2 6 5 3 3 14 thank you most heartily." During the contests, there were no controversies of a serious nature 5 5 3 3 3 3 5 4 3 3 5 4 3 3 8 8 — —• 1 — — — — — 2 2 — — 2 — 2 2 •— 6 5 and it was only once necessary to summon the Jury. 6 4 3 3 — — — —• 2 2 — — — 6 6 3 3 3 3 5 5 3 3 6 6 3 3 15 15 The tournament floors for the fencers were good. The two gymnasium halls, which were only — — .—. — — : — •—• — — 2 — 2 — 6 6 3 2 6 6 3 3 11 11 used for the preliminary rounds, fully served their purpose. The cupola hall of the House of German 6 5 3 3 •— — — •—• 6 5 9 6 Sport was splendidly adapted as the arena for most of the final competitions. The tennis stadium .—. — 2 — 2 2 — •— 3 3 6 4 3 3 — 3 3 3 2 6 6 3 3 6 5 3 3 14 13 also proved its value in that respect. Upon entering the cupola hall, one was faced by a row of broad 6 5 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 3 6 4 3 3 21 18 6 5 3 3 2 2 6 6 3 3 6 5 3 3 14 14 windows, reaching up to the ceiling and forming the background of the stage. The view was further —. — — — 2 2 — — — — 6 5 3 3 8 7 6 6 3 3 3 3 6 5 3 3 6 6 3 3 19 18 enhanced by the attractive surrounding landscape, studded with birch and pine trees. In the hall the — — •—• — — •—• — — —• — 6 5 3 3 6 5 cupola above formed a huge arch, which stood out clearly against its surroundings in the evenings, U.S.A 6 6 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 3 6 6 3 3 22 22 6 6 3 3 3 3 6 6 3 3 6 6 3 2 16 16 being indirectly illuminated in a silver-grey hue, whilst in day time an abundance of light flowed Total ; 105 97 65 62 42 41 123 110 74 68 128 107 76 71 332 310 through the glass-domed cupola. The rows of seats slanted down to the arena in long tiers so that 18 18 24 22 17 17 21 21 26 26 22 21 28 26 30 29 the competitors were easily visible from all parts of the Hall. Our guests were most enthusiastic 1) These totals were not obtained by addition of the figures referring to each contest, Several competitors were entered for and competed about this wonderful scene. The floors of the épée fencers in the lawn tennis stadium made an in more than one event. equally good impression. These were constructed as follows: Narrow wooden platforms, covered with Maximum number of entries : Individual Competitions : 3 man fencers or lady fencers olive-green linoleum, were placed on the reddish-brown soil. The seats for spectators were bordered by Team Competitions: 6 fencers Maximum number of competitors: Individual Competitions: 3 man fencers or lady fencers light-greenstones, and strips oflawn separated them from the arena. During the épée competition, the Team Competitions: All 6 fencers could compete during the tournament. Four fencers formed a team officials were accommodated in a block house harmonizing with the surrounding landscape. in each competition. Extraordinary demands were made upon the endurance of all competitors. Today, however, after GOVERNING BODIES AND ORGANIZATIONS a certain time for reflection has elapsed, it can be recorded with pleasure that the Olympic fencing Fédération Internationale d'Escrime Technical Committee President: P. Anspach (Belgium) A. Lajoux (France) tournament of a fortnight's duration has contributed its share to the success of the Xlth Olympic Secretary-General: R.Feyerick (Belgium) Dr. O. Mayring (Germany) Dr. G. Rozgonyi (Hungary) Games. Deutscher Fechtverband P. Anspach (Belgium) Chairman: E. Casmir Technical Management (for the presentation of the fencing contest) Jury of Appeal G. Canova (Italy) C. Botassis (Greece) M. de Noronha (Portugal) A. Lajoux (France) Ibrahim Bay (Egypt) Boerecu (Rumania) Dr. O. Mayring (Germany) C.
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  • A “New Woman” and Her Involuntary Myth* - One Hundred Years Ago the German Fencer Helene Mayer Was Born by Volker Kluge

    A “New Woman” and Her Involuntary Myth* - One Hundred Years Ago the German Fencer Helene Mayer Was Born by Volker Kluge

    30 A “New Woman” and her Involuntary Myth* - One hundred years ago the German fencer Helene Mayer was born By Volker Kluge Th e “New Woman”: ffaces the question “pregnancy or career” (the answer title page of the bbeing abortion) the magazine brought another original “Berliner Illustrirten iin the shape of Helene Mayer, even if the 17 year old Zeitung” of 18 ssenior pupil had other challenges to meet before that November 1928, oone. showing Helene Mayer duelling with her brother Ludwig. WWho was she – this modern being of whom Vicki BBaum’s page-boy look became a synonym? She was yyoung, dynamic and self-confi dent; possessed of a bboyish fi gure, the legs shapely and well-defi ned, She ccould be sometimes chic, sometimes sporty – but ffashion was only a fi rst step. IIf the fi rst women who embodied this type in the USA wwere still in the pioneer tradition,by the “Roaring TTwenties” they were, rather, female citizens demanding eequal rights, women who took the liberty of making ttheir own decisions about their body and their choice oof career. Th e “New (Picturebook) Woman” cut off her sskirt above the knee, like the graceful Viennese fi gure sskater Herma von Szabó. She played powerful tennis llike the American Helen Wills, was brave like the EEnglish girl Bella White, who dared to dive head fi rst ffrom the 17 metre high Saddle Rock near Torquay. OOr she performed energetic feats like the German- AAmerican Gertrud Ederle, the fi rst woman to swim tthe English Channel. On 18 November 1928, the well-known German magazine “Berliner Illustrierte Zeitung” (BIZ) featured Good luck for Off enbach, a young woman who had plaited her blonde hair over good luck for Helene Mayer her ears.