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Clark County, Kansas, Fire Fuels Reduction

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Clark County, Kansas, Fire Fuels Reduction Draft Environmental Assessment Clark County Fire Fuels Reduction Program FM-5170-KS-03 Clark County, KS January 2021 Federal Emergency Management Agency Region 7 Department of Homeland Security 11224 Holmes Rd, Kansas City, Missouri 64131 Cover: Dead trees in Englewood shelterbelt. Table of Contents SECTION 1 Introduction ................................................................................... 1-1 SECTION 2 Purpose and Need ........................................................................ 2-1 SECTION 3 Alternatives ................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 No Action Alternative ................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Proposed Action Alternative ..................................................................... 3-1 3.2.1 Debris and Slash Management ....................................................... 3-3 3.2.2 Maintenance Activities ..................................................................... 3-4 3.2.3 Avoidance and Minimization Measures ........................................... 3-4 3.3 Debris and Slash Management Alternatives ............................................. 3-5 3.4 Additional Action Alternatives Considered and Dismissed ........................ 3-5 3.4.1 Defensible Space ............................................................................ 3-6 3.4.2 Ignition-Resistant Construction ........................................................ 3-6 SECTION 4 Affected Environment, Potential Impacts, and Mitigation ......... 4-1 4.1 Resources Not Affected and Not Considered Further ............................... 4-1 4.2 Soils and Topography ............................................................................... 4-2 4.3 Air Quality and Climate ............................................................................. 4-5 4.4 Visual Quality and Aesthetics ................................................................... 4-7 4.5 Surface Waters and Water Quality ........................................................... 4-9 4.6 Wetlands ................................................................................................ 4-10 4.7 Floodplains ............................................................................................. 4-13 4.8 Vegetation .............................................................................................. 4-15 4.9 Fish and Wildlife ..................................................................................... 4-17 4.10 Threatened and Endangered Species and Critical Habitat .................... 4-20 4.11 Cultural Resources ............................................................................... 4-24 4.12 Environmental Justice .......................................................................... 4-27 4.13 Noise .......................................................................................................4-29 4.14 Transportation ...................................................................................... 4-30 4.15 Public Services and Utilities .................................................................. 4-32 4.16 Public Health and Safety ...................................................................... 4-33 4.17 Hazardous Materials ............................................................................. 4-34 4.18 Summary of Effects and Mitigation ....................................................... 4-36 SECTION 5 Cumulative Impacts ...................................................................... 5-1 SECTION 6 Agency Coordination, Public Involvement, and Permits ........... 6-1 6.1 Agency Coordination ................................................................................ 6-1 6.2 Public Participation ................................................................................... 6-1 6.3 Permits ..................................................................................................... 6-2 SECTION 7 List of Preparers ........................................................................... 7-1 SECTION 8 References .................................................................................... 8-1 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program i Clark County Fuels Reduction Program Draft Environmental Assessment Table of Contents Appendices Appendix A Endangered Species Act No Effect Memo Appendix B Agency and Tribal Correspondence Figures Figure 1-1. Project Vicinity ..........................................................................................................1-2 Figure 1-2. Ashland Project Area................................................................................................1-3 Figure 1-3. Englewood Project Area...........................................................................................1-4 Figure 3-1. Invasive Cedars Along Bear Creek in Ashland.............................................................3-2 Figure 3-2. Down Wood in Ashland Project Area ......................................................................3-2 Figure 3-3. Dead Trees Along Shelterbelt in Englewood ...........................................................3-3 Figure 3-4. Invasive Cedars in Englewood ................................................................................3-3 Tables Table 4.1. Evaluation Criteria for Potential Impacts...................................................................4-1 Table 4.2. Resources Eliminated from Further Consideration...................................................4-2 Table 4.3. Average Slopes and Predominant Soil Type by Project Area ..................................4-3 Table 4.4. Federally Listed Species near the Project Area......................................................4-21 Table 4.5. Environmental Justice Demographics.....................................................................4-28 Table 4.6. Hazardous Materials Sites......................................................................................4-35 Table 4.7. Summary of Impacts and Mitigation........................................................................4-36 Hazard Mitigation Grant Program ii Clark County Fuels Reduction Program Draft Environmental Assessment Acronyms and Abbreviations AA Action Area APE Area of Potential Effects ATSF Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railway ARS Arkansas River shiner CEQ Council on Environmental Quality CFR Code of Federal Regulations CK&W Chicago, Kansas, and Western Railroad dBA A-weighted decibels EA environmental assessment EO Executive Order EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map FONSI finding of no significant impact HMGP Hazard Mitigation Grant Program HMP Hazard Mitigation Plan IPaC Information for Planning and Consultation System KDEM Kansas Division of Emergency Management KDHE Kansas Department of Health and Environment KDWPT Kansas Department of Wildlife, Parks, and Tourism KHRI Kansas Historic Resources Inventory KSHS Kansas Historical Society MBTA Migratory Bird Treaty Act NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards ND No Date NEPA National Environmental Policy Act Hazard Mitigation Grant Program iii Clark County Fuels Reduction Program Draft Environmental Assessment NHD National Hydrography Dataset NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NRCS U.S. Department of Agriculture Natural Resource Conservation Service NRHP National Register of Historic Places NWI National Wetlands Inventory SHPO State Historic Preservation Office TMDL Total Maximum Daily Limit USC United States Code USDA United States Department of Agriculture USFS United States Forest Service USFWS U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service USGS United States Geological Survey WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation Hazard Mitigation Grant Program iv Clark County Fuels Reduction Program Draft Environmental Assessment Glossary Air Curtain Buner: An air curtain burner may be used to burn wood waste in a metal container or trench with a blower that creates a “curtain” of air over the top of the fire that reduces particulate air pollution Hazardous Fuels Reduction: Includes thinning vegetation, removing ladder fuels, reducing flammable vegetative materials, and replacing flammable vegetation with fire-resistant vegetation for the protection of life and property. Vegetation may include excess fuels or flammable vegetation. Loam: Well-drained soils composed of sand, silt, and clay in relatively even proportions. Slash: Vegetative debris created by hazardous fuels reduction and other forest management activities. Swamper Burn: A swamper burn pile is a pile that materials are gradually and continually added to over the course of a day allowing for more material to be burned in a smaller footprint. Thinning: Removal of some trees, branches, or shrubs from a forest stand. Wildfire: Any uncontrolled fire that spreads through vegetative fuels, such as forests, shrubs, or grasslands, exposing and possibly consuming structures. Wildland-Urban Interface: Geographical area where buildings and structures and other human development meet or intermingle with wildland or vegetative fuels (U.S. Department of Agriculture [USDA] and U.S. Department of the Interior 2001). Hazard Mitigation Grant Program v Clark County Fuels Reduction Program Draft Environmental Assessment SECTION 1 Introduction Clark County, Kansas is proposing to implement hazardous fuels reduction work on approximately 784 acres in and near the
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