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Geoarchaeology and the Cross Timbers

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Geoarchaeology and the Cross Timbers Geoarchaeology and the Cross Timbers Compiled and edited by David J. Cranford, Elsbeth L. Dowd, and Don G. Wyckoff with contributions by Nicholas H ..Beale, Leland C. Bement, Abbie L. Bollans, James W. Clanahan, David J. Cranford, Linda S. Cummings, Elsbeth L. Dowd, Jason Eads, Stance Hurst, Thomas A. Jennings, Mike McKay, R.A. Varney, and Don G. Wyckoff Memoir 13 Oklahoma Anthropological Society 2009 Geoarchaeology and the Cross Timbers Compiled and Edited by David J. Cranford, Elsbeth L. Dowd, and Don G. Wyckoff With Contributions by Nicholas H. Beal Leland C. Bement Abbie L. Bollans James W. Clanahan David J. Cranford Linda S. Cummings Elsbeth L. Dowd Jason Eads Stance Hurst Thomas A. Jennings Mike McKay R.A. Varney Don G. Wyckoff Memoir 13 Oklahoma Anthropological Society 2009 Copyright 2009 by the Oklahoma Anthropological Society Printed by Action Printing Norman, Oklahoma Geoarchaeology and the Cross Timbers Table of Contents Page Dedication to Brian J. Carter ............................................................................................................................... iii Chapter 1: Geoarchaeology along the Cross TImbers, David J. Cranford and Don G. Wyckoff ....................... 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Defining the Cross Timbers ......................................................................................................................... 1 Previous Archaeological Studies in the Cross Timbers ............................................................................... 2 The Current Study ........................................................................................................................................ 2 Notes about this Study ................................................................................................................................. 5 Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................................... 5 References Cited .......................................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Windows to Central Oklahoma s Mid-Holocene: Geoarchaeological Investigations at Mustang Creek. Canadian County, Nicholas H. Beale and Mike McKay ....................................... 7 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 7 Area Description .......................................................................................................................................... 7 Previous Research ........................................................................................................................................ 8 Geomorphology and Environment .............................................................................................................. 8 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Results ........................................................................................................................................................ 12 Findings from 2005 Coring at Mustang Creek .......................................................................................... 13 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 18 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................................. 21 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................... 21 References Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Chapter 3: Pedogenic Investigations along Pumpkin Creek. Love County. Oklahoma, Abbie L. Bollans and Thomas A. Jennings ..................................................................................... 23 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 23 Pumpkin Creek (34LV49) Site Description .............................................................................................. 24 Geographic and Physiographic Location ................................................................................................... 24 Parent Material and Soils of Pumpkin Creek ............................................................................................ 26 Current Study ............................................................................................................................................. 26 Results ........................................................................................................................................................ 29 Summary: Pumpkin Creek Floodplain History ......................................................................................... 32 Discussion .................................................................................................................................................. 32 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 32 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................... 32 References Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 33 Chapter 4: Geoarchaeological Investigations at Pond Creek. Central Oklahoma, David J. Cranford and Elsbeth L. Dowd ........................................................................................ .35 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 35 Description of Study Locality .................................................................................................................... 36 Previous Investigations at Pond Creek ...................................................................................................... 37 Current Study ............................................................................................................................................. 37 Results ........................................................................................................................................................ 38 Archaeological Implications ...................................................................................................................... 43 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 43 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................... 44 References Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 44 ii Page Chapter 5: Geoarchaeology and Upland Settings along and adjacent the Cross Timbers, David J. Cranford .............................................................................................................................................. 45 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 45 Upland Soil Formation Processes .............................................................................................................. 45 Archaeology in Upland Settings ................................................................................................................ 46 Typical Upland Soils in the Cross Timbers ............................................................................................... 47 Examples from the Cross Timbers ............................................................................................................. 47 Conclusions ................................................................................................................................................ 50 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................................... 51 References Cited ........................................................................................................................................ 51 Chapter 6: The Powell Farm Hillside Paleosol, James W. Clanahan and Jason Eads ..................................... 53 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................ 53 Area Description ........................................................................................................................................ 54 Methodology
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