Bear Creek Region Management Plan

Includes Hiwan Homestead Museum, Lair o’ the Bear Park, Mount Falcon Park, and Mount Lindo Park

Bear Creek Region Management Plan 1 Jefferson County Open Space 2013

APPROVAL PAGE

Management Planning is an on-going process. Plans will never be considered “completed,” although, they will be reviewed periodically so they take into account environmental, social and political changes and reflect those changes.

Having reviewed its contents, this ______(Name of Region) Management Plan, drafted in and revised in ______(date), has been adopted by the planning team members. Signature Date ______, ______Regional Park Supervisor ______, ______Regional Planning Coordinator

Bear Creek Region Management Plan i Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Table of Contents

Executive Summary: Bear Creek Region Management Plan ...... viii

Chapter 1: Jefferson County Open Space Management Planning ...... 14

Chapter 2: Detailed Information on Hiwan Homestead Museum ...... 5

Museum Vision ...... 5

Location...... 6

Chronology of Development ...... 6

Amenities ...... 6

Museum Capacity ...... 6

Historical Background ...... 6

Natural and Cultural Resources ...... 9

Activities ...... 10

Visitation and Use Trends ...... 10

Location Map ...... 11

Museum Map ...... 12

Acquisition History Map ...... 13

Management Context ...... 16

Management Unit Designation Map ...... 17

Agreements Table ...... 18

Work Plan Summary ...... 19

Actions Map ...... 20

Action Items ...... 21

Discussion Items ...... 22

Chapter 3: Detailed Information on Lair o‟ the Bear Park ...... 25

Park Vision ...... 25

Location...... 25

Bear Creek Region Management Plan ii Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Chronology of Development ...... 25

Amenities ...... 25

Park Capacity ...... 26

Historical Background ...... 26

Natural and Cultural Resources ...... 28

Activities ...... 29

Visitation & Use Trends ...... 29

Location Map ...... 30

Park Map ...... 31

Acquisition History Map ...... 32

Management Context ...... 34

Management Unit Designation Map ...... 36

Agreements Table ...... 38

Work Plan Summary ...... 39

Actions Map ...... 40

Action Items ...... 41

Discussion Items ...... 43

Chapter 4: Detailed Information on Mount Falcon Park ...... 46

Park Vision ...... 46

Location...... 46

Chronology of Development ...... 46

Amenities ...... 47

Park Capacity ...... 48

Historical Background ...... 48

Natural and Cultural Resources ...... 49

Activities ...... 50

Visitation & Use Trends ...... 50

Location Map ...... 52

Park Map ...... 53

Bear Creek Region Management Plan iii Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Acquisition History Map ...... 54

Management Context ...... 0

Management Unit Designation Map ...... 58

Agreements Table ...... 59

Work Plan Summary ...... 60

Actions Map ...... 62

Action Items ...... 63

Discussion Items ...... 64

Chapter 5: Detailed Information on Mount Lindo Park ...... 67

Park Vision ...... 67

Location...... 67

Chronology of Development ...... 67

Amenities ...... 67

Park Capacity ...... 68

Historical Background ...... 68

Natural and Cultural Resources ...... 69

Activities ...... 71

Visitation & Use Trends ...... 71

Location Map ...... 72

Park Map ...... 73

Acquisition History Map ...... 74

Management Context ...... 76

Management Unit Designation Map ...... 76

Agreements Table ...... 78

Work Plan Summary ...... 79

Actions Map ...... 81

Action Items ...... 82

Discussion Items ...... 83

Bear Creek Region Management Plan iv Jefferson County Open Space 2013

List of Tables ...... vi

List of Figures ...... vi

Appendix A: Open Space Management Designations System ...... 85

Appendix B: Operational Documents Used in Park Management ...... 92

Appendix C: Laws and Regulations ...... 93

Appendix D: Stakeholders and Constituencies ...... 95

Glossary: Terms and Acronyms ...... 97

Bear Creek Region Management Plan v Jefferson County Open Space 2013

List of Tables

Table 2a: Hiwan Homestead Museum Leases, Licenses, Easements, Contracts and Agreements...... 18

Table 3a: Lair o‟ the Bear Park Leases, Licenses, Easements, Contracts and Agreements ...... 38

Table 4a: Mount Falcon Park Leases, Licenses, Easements, Contracts and Agreements ...... 59

Table 5a: Mount Lindo Park Leases, Licenses, Easements, Contracts and Agreements ...... 78

List of Figures

Figure 2a: Hiwan Homestead Museum Location Map ...... 0

Figure 2b: Hiwan Homestead Museum Map ...... 12

Figure 2c: Hiwan Homestead Museum Acquisition History Map ...... 0

Figure 2d: Hiwan Homestead Museum Opportunities and Constraints Plan ...... 13

Figure 2e: Hiwan Homestead Museum Management Unit Designation Map ...... 17

Figure 2f: Hiwan Homestead Museum Actions Map ...... 20

Figure 3a: Lair o‟ the Bear Park Location Map ...... 30

Figure 3b: Lair o‟ the Bear Park Map ...... 31

Figure 3c: Lair o‟ the Bear Acquisition History Map ...... 32

Figure 3d: Lair o‟ the Bear Park Opportunities and Constraints Plan ...... 33

Figure 3e: Lair o‟ the Bear Park Management Unit Designation Map ...... 36

Figure 3f: Lair o‟ the Bear Park Actions Map ...... 40

Figure 4a: Mount Falcon Park Location Map ...... 52

Figure 4b: Mount Falcon Park Map ...... 53

Figure 4c: Mount Falcon Park Acquisition History Map ...... 54

Figure 4d: Mount Falcon Park Opportunities and Constraints Plan ...... 55

Figure 4e: Mount Falcon Park Management Unit Designation Map ...... 58

Figure 4f: Mount Falcon Park Actions Map ...... 62

Figure 5a: Mount Lindo Park Location Map ...... 72

Figure 5b: Mount Lindo Park Map ...... 73

Figure 5c: Mount Lindo Park Acquisition History Map ...... 74

Figure 5d: Mount Lindo Park Opportunities and Constraints Plan ...... 75

Figure 5e: Mount Lindo Park Management Unit Designation Map ...... 76

Figure 5f: Mount Lindo Park Actions Map ...... 81 Bear Creek Region Management Plan vi Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Executive Summary

Bear Creek Region MANAGEMENT PLAN

Includes Hiwan Homestead Museum, Lair o’ the Bear Park, Mount Falcon Park, and Mount Lindo Park

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryvii Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Executive Summary: Ranch Region Management Plan

Background:

In April of 1999 Jefferson County Open Space initiated a Management Planning process for its open space areas. The agency committed to developing management plans for each park and undeveloped open space in the system. In 2012, nine regions were identified and all 29 Management Plans are now a part of one of these regions.

Management Plan Objectives and Organization:

This Bear Creek Region Management Plan is part of the Jefferson County Open Space system-wide effort to provide for protection and appropriate use of Jefferson County‟s recreational, natural and cultural resources. This Plan is issue-driven. It identifies significant management issues at the parks and then recommends management approaches and actions to respond to those issues.

This Plan is organized as follows:  Jefferson County Open Space Management Planning provides an explanation of Open Space‟s approach to Management Planning throughout the Open Space system.  Descriptions of Hiwan Homestead Museum, Lair o’ the Bear Park, Mount Falcon Park, and Mount Lindo Park provide a description of the parks, their history and major attributes, trends in visitation and use, the Management Unit, management directions, and work plan summaries.  Appendices present information that complements the main body of text with information about the Open Space Management Designations System, and the Operational Documents used in park management.

Park Staff:

Role of a Regional Park Supervisor:  Responsible for all activities at a number of parks, defined by a park region.  Establish yourself as the public point of contact and ambassador for the Parks and properties in the region.  Be aware of topics of interest to the public and users in the park region and communicate all items of sensitivity with your section Manager and the Communications Manager.  Review the Regional Management Plan documents periodically and lead an annual field visit.  Recommend Priority Actions to section manager and/or management team and coordinate the timing and implementation of these for the Park Region.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryviii Jefferson County Open Space 2013

 Work with the respective section managers for budget and resource allocations necessary for appropriate scheduling and implementation of Priority Actions

Park Operations: On-site management of the Bear Creek Region is the responsibility of multiple Open Space sections. The Park Operations section is divided into several subsections: Park Services, Natural Resources Management, and Trail Services. Park Operation manages the daily operations of Open Space‟s parks, including but not limited to, trail maintenance; fence and sign maintenance and construction; trailhead facility maintenance; forest and wildlife management; and road and parking lot maintenance. The Park Construction subsection of Park Planning and Construction provides trailhead and entry signage, structure maintenance and construction. The Ranger subsection of Administration/Education Services provides patrol and emergency services on the parks. Each subsection utilizes operational documents to guide their management activities.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryix Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Hiwan Homestead Museum:

Park Location and Description: Hiwan Homestead Museum consists of approximately 4.0 acres and is located in the unincorporated community of Evergreen, approximately 35 miles southwest of Denver and roughly two miles southeast of Elk Meadow Park. The museum grounds include approximately four acres, including Heritage Grove, owned by Jefferson County. The museum complex consists of six buildings, five of them historic structures dating from the 1880‟s through the 1930‟s. The other building is a restroom structure built in the 1980‟s.

Activities: The museum provides educational opportunities for grade school students participating in school programs, and large pre-booked tours, as well as facilitates summer festival events, living history programs, holiday gatherings, and antique appraisal events.

Park Vision: The vision for Hiwan Homestead Museum reflects Jefferson County Open Space‟s commitment to preservation, conservation, and education. This is accomplished through providing a spectrum of opportunities for educational and interpretive activities, and through cultural resource preservation efforts. Hiwan Homestead Museum has one Management Unit Designation, Recreation Services and Amenities Area, which emphasizes the provision of educational opportunities and protection of the museum‟s resources.

Jefferson County Open Space and Hiwan Homestead Museum staff and volunteers are committed to sustaining the many community partnerships which enable the museum to operate. They are also using the American Association of Museums standards for small museums as a benchmark for the quality of the museum operations and services. Accreditation by the American Association of Museums, resulting from compliance with the high standards established by that organization, is a goal toward which Hiwan Homestead Museum will strive in the future.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryx Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Lair o’ the Bear Park:

Park Location and Description: Lair o‟ the Bear Park is located on the south side of State Highway 74 in Bear Creek Canyon, five miles west of the Town of Morrison and two miles east of Kittredge. The Park consists of 392 acres and features scenic streamside settings along Bear Creek.

Activities:  Recreational: hiking, biking running/jogging, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, fishing, picnic and personal interpretive programs.

Park Vision: The vision for Lair o‟ the Bear Park is to balance human use with resource preservation through the application of management units upon the landscape, which define a spectrum of recreational opportunities, environmental education and interpretation opportunities, and natural resource conservation efforts, including the potential for native prairie restoration.

Lair o‟ the Bear Park has two Management Unit Designations:

The Recreation Services and Amenities Area includes the entire picnic area and serves as the primary trailhead for access to the Park‟s trail system. The north bank of Bear Creek is included as a boundary for this area. The Park‟s location along Bear Creek makes it a popular destination for park users. Thus, management of this area emphasizes accommodating these high use levels without compromising the sustainability of the area‟s natural resources. The Natural Area comprises the remainder of Lair o‟ the Bear Park, as well as the Bear Creek Trail that connects to Pence Park, including Pence Park‟s trailhead. The area is managed primarily for intensive multi-use trail activity, while maintaining the Park's natural resource values. To ensure the integrity of the Parks prized riparian corridor, Open Space will capitalize on the educational and interpretive opportunities afforded by Bear Creek.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryxi Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Mount Falcon Park:

Park Location and Description: Mount Falcon Park consists of 2,220 acres and is located southwest of Morrison, Colorado. Public access to the Park is located on both the east and west sides of the Park. To access the Park, take the Indian Hills turn-off from U.S. Highway 285, follow Parmalee Gulch Road for five miles to Picutis Road, then follow the signs to the west parking area. East access is available from Colorado Highway 8, south of Morrison. Turn west on Forest Avenue and north on Vine Avenue.

Activities:  Recreational: picnicking, hiking, biking, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, interpretive programs and self-guided interpretation.

Park Vision: The vision for Mount Falcon Park is to balance human use with resource preservation through the application of management units upon the landscape, which define a spectrum of recreational opportunities, environmental education and interpretation opportunities, and natural resource conservation efforts, including the potential for native prairie restoration.

Mount Falcon Park has two Management Unit Designations, each emphasizing different priorities for the provision of recreational opportunities and protection of the Park‟s resources. The Recreation Services and Amenities Area, which include the two parking lots and immediately surrounding areas, emphasize the provision of amenities to serve the basic needs of the Park‟s visitors, including ADA, and serve as the primary trailheads for access to the Park‟s trail system. The remainder of Mount Falcon Park has been designated a Natural Area and is managed to ensure the preservation of the scenic values of the Park, address the protection and preservation of wildlife habitat and general biodiversity of the property and to provide sustainable recreational opportunities.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryxii Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Mount Lindo Park:

Park Location and Description: This Plan directs the management of three distinct areas. They are: Mount Lindo, the Mount Glennon Hogback and the Stafford Hogback.

Mount Lindo is an undeveloped park of approximately 823 acres. The Park is located south of Highway 285 at Turkey Creek Road, near Tiny Town. It can be accessed from several locations, none of which have “official” trailheads. On the northern boundary of the Park, near Highway 285 are extreme steep slopes with rock cliffs and boulder fields. On the southern edge of the Park, one can find more gentle slopes and natural grass meadows, as well as the landmark lighted cross. The Mount Glennon hogback and the Stafford hogback have been included in this Management Plan. The approximate acreages are 350 and 115, respectively.

Activities: Recreational activities at the park involve the use of social trails to hike, bike, walk the dog and watch for wildlife. Rock climbing in an area called “Lovers Leap” is also a popular activity.

Park Vision: Mount Lindo is managed to protect the Park‟s resources while providing various recreational opportunities.

The Park‟s diverse topography supports beautiful meadows, scenic views of the Plains, and steep rock cliffs that allow for challenging climbing. A wealth of vegetative and wildlife species are found on Mount Lindo, including north face forests, mature Gambel oak communities and an abundance of unique wildlife that thrive amidst the heavy cover and small openings.

Mount Lindo Park has one management unit designation, that being the Natural Area Management Unit. Currently, the Park lacks facilities to accommodate public use, although in the future a small parking lot will be constructed to provide for formal access.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryxiii Jefferson County Open Space 2013

Chapter 1: Jefferson County Open Space Management Planning

Management Planning Approach:

Management Planning Principles: This Plan uses four basic principles to ensure the long-term public value of Management Planning:

1) Management Plans will be continuously revised: Management Planning is an on-going process. Individual plans will never be considered “completed,” although, they will be considered “mature,” ready to be acted upon, when they have been reviewed. This plan shall be reviewed periodically so it has the ability to take into account environmental, social and political changes and reflect those changes. 2) Management Plans are the primary document for communicating resource management information: Plans will be written to clearly communicate park and region specific resource stewardship issues, management approaches, and actions to the rest of the agency, the public and other stakeholders. 3) Park staff plays an integral role in producing and revising Management Plans: In this way, those responsible for implementing the plan have a vested interest in making it succeed. 4) Members of the public may participate in development of and updates to Regional Management Plans: Directly involving park stakeholders in producing and revising plans fosters better understanding of how their particular interests fit into the larger resource Management Unit while also giving them a stake in the plan‟s success.

Management Planning Steps: For efficiency and consistency among Management Plans, Jefferson County Open Space standardized the planning process by incorporating information that is applicable throughout the agency and providing this “model” format for presenting regional and park-specific information.

Regional Management Planning includes: 1. Establishing the park Management Unit. 2. Gathering preliminary natural, cultural, developmental and recreational resource information about the park and region. 3. Requesting information and opinions from people interested in or affected by park management decisions (stakeholders) on issues of concern to them. 4. Clearly defining issues. 5. Identifying and evaluating options for resolving management issues. 6. Drafting a management plan that explains the management approach and the specific management actions proposed to address issues. 7. Finalizing and implementing the Regional Management Plan.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Executive Summaryxiv Jefferson County Open Space 2013

8. Reviewing the management plans periodically to evaluate progress, identify new issues, and generate annual budgets/work plans. 9. Revising the management plan to respond to new issues and to reflect management changes.

Park Management Decisions: Resources and resource management issues vary between region and parks, but the essential challenge for the Open Space Program is accommodating public recreational use and protecting natural and cultural resources. Open Space staff utilize the following guidelines to help achieve a balance of recreational use and resource protection.

1) Systems Perspective: JCOS lands are within a larger system of outdoor spaces managed by local communities, state and federal agencies. Planning and decision- making will take into consideration the region, adjacent and nearby public lands and waters, and strive to maintain an important niche of “urban” open space and natural areas, taking into account the role of human interaction with these natural systems. 2) Public Values: There are many different values that county residents and other stakeholders have for JCOS. Planning and decision-making will consider all values and not the exclusive use or opinions of a single, smaller group. JCOS needs to respect and integrate the values and preferences of all residents, including major stakeholders such as recreationists and adjacent landowners. 3) Sustainability: Natural, cultural and recreational resource protection is of paramount concern for managing Jefferson County‟s Open Space areas. Management tools and techniques, facility types and design, and visitor management techniques that minimize impacts on these resources will be favored. 4) Economic Considerations: Using the financial resources of Jefferson County efficiently and effectively is critical, but this is not to suggest the least expensive option is the preferred. Environmental considerations should be judged equally with technical and economic considerations in planning and decision-making. 5) Appropriate Recreation: It is recognized that JCOS cannot be “all things for all people,” and difficult capacity and allocation decisions are necessary. 6) Appreciation and Education: A major purpose of JCOS is to help increase public appreciation and understanding for our great outdoors and our natural/cultural environments. 7) Respect the Resource: Much is not known about how ecosystems operate or how one activity may affect it or other activities. Planning and decision-making should reflect scientific findings and monitoring efforts by JCOS. When two or more alternatives are identified through an evaluation process, the alternative that least impacts the resource and visitor experiences and preserves future options should be the preferred alternative.

Management Context:

Open Space lands are classified into Management Unit‟s according to ecosystem and cultural resource protection requirements, and their capability and suitability to provide opportunities for visitor experiences.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 1 Jefferson County Open Space 2 2013 Open Space staff has adopted three land classifications:

1) Sensitive Areas are those that are very special, fragile, and highly valued for their natural or cultural features. Preservation and protection are the paramount considerations for these areas. Visitation to these areas is limited, controlled and monitored through a registration permit system.

2) Natural Areas are relatively large areas where ecological processes dominate and humans can typically experience a sense of solitude and remoteness.

3) Recreation Services and Amenities Areas provide opportunities for a wide variety of outdoor recreation experiences while ensuring the long-term sustainability of the natural resources.

Also utilized in park management is a Special Protection Area, or an SPA. It can be thought of as an overlay to one of the Management Unit Designations (MUDs) noted above. It has been created to address any unique item that requires special management actions, such as but not limited to: safety, a park access issue, natural resource concerns or restoration opportunities, cultural or environmental issues, biodiversity enhancement, time sensitive implications, a political imperative, other management consequences or opportunities. An SPA can be created within any MUD when specific resources, that are deemed significant, face real or potential impacts or opportunities that warrant special management actions. Given the preservation and protection already provided within a Sensitive Area, it is unlikely that a SPA will be needed. An effort at restoration, however, could be an applicable use of special management actions in a SPA. Specific location(s) and boundaries will be shown with the SPA labeled to denote the resource(s) in need of protection or special management. Issue-driven actions will be formulated to address the SPA.

Management Directions:

Resource Management: Resource Evaluation Management (REM) is a framework to establish and manage specific natural, cultural and recreational resource issues. Key issues are identified and, where feasible, monitored. Indicators and thresholds may be useful in developing desired standards. Each Regional Management Plan identifies 6 steps to assess the applicable approach. Three of these steps are relevant to best management practices for resources. The other 3 relate to the use of measurable indicators and an achievable standard. In these cases the conflicting resource issues must be identified with an ability to compromise a resource issue, and clear direction as to the resource priority, to attain and manage for the identified standard. Resource monitoring provides a flow of information that may indicate a need to alter or adapt management.

Managing a diverse collection of natural, cultural, and recreational resources is a balancing act. Park staff faces increasing pressure to accommodate public recreational use of natural and cultural resources while also protecting those resources from

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 1 Jefferson County Open Space 3 2013 unacceptable degradation. How much public use is too much? What kinds of use can a resource sustain? Over the last 40 years several approaches to resource management have been developed to increase harmony between recreational use and resource protection.

Open Space Resource Management can be summarized as follows:

1) Identify key resource and management issues (step 5 if no indicators present) 2) At selected times and places, choose measurable indicators of natural, cultural and recreational resource conditions: identify quantifiable events or physical properties that gauge resource conditions, e.g., area of bare ground in campsites, incidents of vandalism, reported visitor conflicts, etc. 3) When indicators are utilized, then measure, monitor and analyze indicators: reach qualitative and/or quantitative conclusions of resource conditions and visitor experiences, to determine best management practices. 4) When indicators are utilized a specific standard or threshold shall be established. 5) Explore and select most appropriate management option(s). 6) Evaluate management actions: determine successes and/or failures of applied management actions and, if necessary, over a period of time, adapt either management actions or standards.

A resource management process recognizes that any recreational use of natural or cultural resources will cause some degree of change to those resources. Key park resources can be assessed over time to determine if their condition achieves or remains within acceptable standards. If standards are not met, either additional management actions may be selected and implemented or resource standards may be changed, whichever is deemed appropriate.

In most cases, measuring changes or impacts to all resources in an area is impractical. For this reason, only limited resources and issues will have specific indicators utilized to determine the appropriate standard and management strategy. Typically only a few resource-related or visitor experience matters of heightened public or staff concern will require indicators and associated standards. These will provide additional information and guidance with management decisions.

Another practical consideration is the ability to establish and monitor indicators. Indicators are typically quantifiable measurements or qualitative observations or events that gauge the condition of a particular resource or resources. The use of indicators is an additional tool to evaluate standards, can reduce the need for comprehensive resource inventories, and allows persons without extensive technical expertise to monitor change.

JCOS utilizes resource management techniques that are adaptive and by monitoring resources and establishing standards, is able to provide a flow of information that may indicate the need to change a course of action.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 1 Jefferson County Open Space 4 2013

Chapter 2: Detailed Information on Hiwan Homestead Museum

Introduction:

Museum Vision: The management of Hiwan Homestead Museum reflects Jefferson County Open Space‟s commitment to preservation, conservation, and education. This is accomplished through providing a spectrum of opportunities for educational and interpretive activities, and through cultural resource preservation efforts. Hiwan Homestead Museum has one Management Unit Designation, Recreation Services & Amenities Area, which emphasizes the provision of educational opportunities and protection of the museum‟s resources.

Jefferson County originally purchased the historic building complex at Hiwan Homestead Museum in 1974 because of its importance to the history of the surrounding region. Hiwan Homestead was the first Open Space property to be purchased for the purpose of preserving a culturally and historically significant site. The distinctive architecture of the museum buildings reflects the close connection to the surrounding mountain environment felt by the two families who owned the property from the 1890‟s through the 1970‟s. Maintaining the integrity of these structures, which were placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1974, is one of Jefferson County‟s prime objectives at this site.

Hiwan Homestead Museum is located amid an area that is undergoing tremendous change. Suburban development and expansion of transportation corridors have completely transformed the Evergreen community during the past 25 years. Due to population growth, many local residents are new to the community and have no connection to its historical legacy except through the Museum. Visitors from beyond state and national boundaries also learn about the recreational, farming, and ranching background of all of Jefferson County at the Museum. Continued preservation and education efforts at Hiwan Homestead Museum will become increasingly important as development and population growth continue to transform Jefferson County. Hiwan Homestead Museum will continue to serve as a focus for the Jefferson County community, linking its residents together through a shared heritage.

Jefferson County Open Space and Hiwan Homestead Museum staff and volunteers are committed to sustaining the many community partnerships, which enable the museum to operate. They are also using the American Association of Museums standards for small museums as a benchmark for the quality of the museum operations and services. Accreditation by the American Association of Museums, resulting from compliance with the high standards established by that organization, is a goal toward which Hiwan Homestead Museum will strive in the future.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 1 Jefferson County Open Space 5 2013 Hiwan Homestead Museum Mission Statement: The Museum‟s purpose has been defined through a Mission Statement adopted in October 2001:

The mission of the Hiwan Homestead Museum is to: Provide educational exhibits, special events, and site preservation designed to stimulate public appreciation of Jefferson County‟s history and culture. The Museum interprets the heritage of the site‟s founding families and how they were central to local history from the 1880s through the 1970s.

This is accomplished through: preservation of existing structures, educational programs, information resources, community partnerships, historical exhibits, and special events.

Location: Hiwan Homestead Museum is located 11 miles west of C-470 and one-half mile west of State Highway 74 on Meadow Drive north of Evergreen.

Chronology of Development:

Amenities:

Museum Capacity: The museum staff limits the number of grade school students participating in school programs to 60 students. There is also a limit of 45 people for large pre-booked tours. For summer festival events, living history programs, and Holiday gatherings, the number allowed in the main building can be up to 100 people. The museum grounds have held up to 300 people and more for the antique appraisal event.

Acreage: Approximately 4.0 acres

Historical Background: In the late 1880‟s Mary Neosho Williams, widow of Civil War General Thomas Williams, and her daughter Josepha were among the wealthy Denverites who camped out in the summer for extended periods near the small ranching and farming community of Evergreen. They acquired approximately 40 acres in the area in 1893 and hired local Scottish carpenter John “Jock” Spence to convert a small log barn into a one-room cabin. The property was dubbed “Camp Neosho” after Mary‟s middle name. Jock added an octagonal tower to the front of the building about 1898. Overnight guests stayed in tents equipped with wooden floors, stoves, beds, and double canvas walls.

In 1889, Josepha graduated from Gross Medical School in Denver to become one of Colorado‟s first female physicians. Seven years later she married Father Charles Winfred Douglas, an Episcopal clergyman who earned world fame for his musical work. Father Douglas was also interested in studying and preserving the Native American culture of the Southwest. The Douglas‟ son, Eric, became an avid collector of Native American art. Eric became the Curator of Native Arts at the Denver Art Museum,

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 6 2013 building its collection from a few hundred objects to more than 20,000 of the finest examples of Native American art. The Douglas‟ home was also filled with Native American art objects.

The Douglas‟s employed Jock Spence to add to the original Camp Neosho building over the years. He enlarged it to 14 rooms including a beautiful private chapel, and built four outbuildings on the property. All structures were in the style of Rustic Architecture popularized by the Adirondack Great Camps in the late 1800‟s. Members of the Douglas‟ worldwide circle of friends, including Robert Frost, visited the family at Camp Neosho. Josepha Williams Douglas died in 1938. The buildings and approximately 1,100 acres of land were sold to Tulsa oil magnate Darst Buchanan. The Buchanans developed a 30,000-acre cattle ranching operation known as the Hiwan Ranch. Mrs. Ruth Buchanan pulled the name Hiwan, meaning “members of a family household”, out of an old Anglo-Saxon dictionary left in the house by Father Douglas. The Buchanans‟ Hiwan Hereford cattle were known throughout the country and won many stock show prizes.

Both the Douglas and Buchanan families were vital in the development of the Evergreen community and the organization of religious, cultural, educational, and economic institutions. Above and beyond their local influence, the cultural activities of the Douglas family and the oil and cattle operations of the Buchanans had national and even international importance.

During the 1960‟s and 1970‟s the Buchanans sold off most of their ranch property for housing subdivisions as Evergreen changed to a residential bedroom community for Denver. In 1973 Joan Landy, the last Buchanan daughter to live there, put up the home for sale. Developer George Hurst purchased the tiny remnant of the Hiwan Ranch property. In 1974 the newly created Jefferson County Open Space program acquired it. The site was added to the National Register of Historic Places that same year.

The home opened to the public as a museum in August 1975. Since then, the Open Space department and the Jefferson County Historical Society have worked together to maintain the buildings, to restore them to their original appearance, and to interpret them to the public. Open Space has put a new roof on the main museum building, restored and repaired deteriorating logs, added a security and alarm system, installed a handicap ramp, built a new bridge to the Stone House, put ultra-violet light shields on the museum windows, built a modern restroom building, and added many other improvements.

A Cooperative Agreement signed in 1991 by the County and the Historical Society outlines the responsibilities of each party. The educational programs developed in collaboration with the school system and the community stress Colorado history, the stories of the families that lived in the old home, and the site‟s place in the development of the surrounding area.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 7 2013 A major renovation project for the Hiwan Homestead Museum complex has been implemented. This project included new heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, (HVAC) systems, an upgrade of the electrical systems, rebuilding the original foot bridge between Eric‟s House and the Stone House, repairing and replacing deteriorating siding on several buildings, improving security lighting and the alarm system, improvements to Heritage Grove Pavilion and restoration of exterior mortar on the museum buildings. Repairing and refinishing the chapel floor has yet to be done. Remedial work on the HVAC system is continuing..

Hiwan Homestead Museum is the repository for any archaeological or cultural artifacts collected on Open Space property, through an agreement with the Colorado Historical Society. This may result in the museum staff playing an expanded role in the future advising and informing other sections of Open Space regarding state and Federal preservation guidelines on cultural sites and artifacts within the Open Space system.

Hiwan Homestead Museum will continue to serve as a focus for the Jefferson County community, linking its residents together through a shared heritage.

Acquired: The Hiwan property is located in portions of Sections 3, of T5S, R71W of the Sixth PM.

The first parcel of land acquired for the Hiwan Museum was purchased from The Conifer-Hiwan Associates in 1974 and consists of one acre, more or less. Acquisition of this parcel was approved by OSAC Resolution #5-74 on January 17, 1974 and by the Board of County Commissioners Resolution on July 22, 1974.

The second parcel of land acquired for the Hiwan Museum was purchased from The Jefferson County Historical Society in 1977 and consisted of 1.6 acres, more or less. Acquisition of this parcel was approved by OSAC Resolution #12-76 on April 27, 1976 and by the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC76-137 on May 4, 1976.

The third parcel of land acquired for the Hiwan Museum was purchased from Lehr and Robinson in 1979 and consists of 0.158 acres, more or less. Acquisition of this parcel was approved by OSAC Resolution #14-76 on August 31, 1976 and by Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC76-234 on September 2, 1976.

The fourth transaction at Hiwan was the exchange of land between Jefferson County and the Jefferson County Historical Society in 1990. In November 1990 Jefferson County conveyed 1.0951 acres, more or less to The Jefferson County Historical Society in exchange for 0.2451 acres, more or less. This exchange of land was approved by OSAC Resolution #59-90 on September 6, 1990 and by the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC90-880 on November 12, 1990.

The fifth transaction at Hiwan was a Grant of Easement from The Jefferson County Historical Society to Jefferson County for the construction maintenance and use of a walkway having an area of 0.0348 acres, more or less. Acquisition of this Easement

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 8 2013 was approved by OSAC Resolution #80-19 on September 1, 1993 and by the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC93-721 on October 27, 1993.

The Resolution noted that the property was suitable for Museum, parking, picnic areas and trails and would help meet the recreational and open space needs of the residents of Jefferson County.

Any and all minerals that were owned by the Seller were conveyed at the time of closing.

The sixth transaction at Hiwan was a donation of 2.4479 acres of land known as Heritage Grove to Open Space via the Jefferson County Open Space Foundation (reception #2009127558) on December 22, 2009. The acreage encompasses the ponderosa pine grove to the east of the Hiwan Homestead. This acreage was accepted via the OSAC Resolution #09-09 on February 5, 2009, and the Jefferson County Open Space Foundation resolution on February 25, 2009. The Board of County Commissioners confirmed the donation through Resolution #CC09-494 on December 15, 2009.

Natural and Cultural Resources:  Five historic buildings constructed in the style of Rustic Architecture between the 1880‟s and 1930‟s. The buildings include the main 25-room log home; Eric‟s House, the summer residence for Eric Douglas and his family; the Housekeeper‟s Cabin, a simple structure built for the family servants in 1913; the Pioneer Workshop, containing antique tools and printing equipment; and the Stone House, originally a playhouse for Eric Douglas‟ children built in 1931.  Historical artifact collections, featuring rare Native American weavings, ceramics, and baskets from the turn of the century, and a large international collection of antique dolls.  Historical furnishings of the 1880-1940 era.  Antique tool collection  Antique printing press and typesetting equipment  Historical research library, manuscript collection, map collection, and photograph archive focused on the history of Jefferson County, Colorado.  2.5-acre historic Heritage Grove next to the Museum. The Grove can be rented for weddings, receptions, company functions, picnics, and other occasions, and is the site for the annual Fine Arts Festival.

Visitors to Hiwan Homestead Museum can enjoy:  Guided Tours of the Museum  Educational Programs, including the Colorado History program, After School Program crafts programs, Discovery Days summer day camp, children‟s book readings, historically-oriented teas, and special lectures and programs  Special events including Holiday events with period decorations and music, concerts of traditional music, living history presentations, and exhibit openings

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 9 2013  Weddings in the Museum chapel  Research in the Museum‟s local history files, library, or photo collection  Programs on historic preservation  Exhibits on various aspects of Jefferson County history  Events in Heritage Grove.  Hikers can also enjoy walks along the Nature Trail behind the Museum.

Activities:

Visitation and Use Trends: Annual visitation at Hiwan Homestead Museum has varied during the past ten years from 13,861 in 2001 to 20,423 in 2011. Outreach programs presented by museum volunteers or staff have served anywhere from 1,860 in 2001 to 5,150 in 2011. The trend during this time period had been increasing visitation to the museum. It was anticipated that new approaches to museum programming and additional outreach programs would increase the number of people served by the museum in the future. In 2002 and 2003, these programming improvements did result in sharp increases in the number of people served by the museum. Museum visitation and outreach attendance again dipped to 11,937 in 2004, but increased over the following two years. In 2006, the Museum served 13,512 people, an increase of more than 1,500 over the previous year. The numbers of people served by the Museum rose dramatically in 2007 due to increased outreach opportunities with several parades and the Big Chili festival in Evergreen. Successful exhibits and special events have also contributed to increased visitation. The service numbers for 2007 exceeded 19,000. Service numbers for 2008 reached approximately 16-17,000. The drop in 2008 service numbers is due to the fact that we did not participate in the Big Chili celebration, and to the troubling drop in school program bookings due to the high cost of busing students to our location. However, museum visitation remains at a high level compared to previous years, due in part to the introduction of an award-winning four-color brochure designed by Bridgit Coffman of the Citizen Outreach section and several high-profile exhibits. Visitation and outreach programs remained high throughout 2009, due to very successful events and higher visibility because of the 150th Anniversary of the Evergreen area in which the Museum staff and volunteers played a prominent part. In 2011, partly due to the 2010 addition of Heritage Grove to the Museum grounds led to a service level of 20,423, the first time in the Museum‟s history that it has served more than 20,000 people. .

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 10 2013 Figure 2a: Hiwan Homestead Museum Location Map

Figure 1. Hiwan Homestead Museum Location Map

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Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 11 2013 Figure 2b: Hiwan Homestead Museum Map

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Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 12 2013 Figure 2c: Hiwan Homestead Museum Acquisition History Map

Fig. 2: HIWAN HOMESTEAD MUSEUM Acquisitions history

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Figure 2d: Hiwan Homestead Museum Opportunities and Constraints Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 13 2013

Museum Operations: Hiwan Homestead Museum is managed and operated through the Administration/ Education Services section of Jefferson County Open Space. Staff positions at the Museum include:

Administrator: Manages and directs Hiwan Homestead operations. Assists in preparing budget and monitors expenditures. Acts as liaison with other Open Space sections and County departments. Prepares grant proposals to fund Museum projects. Recruits and trains new volunteers and employees.

Education Coordinator: Coordinates Hiwan education programs by scheduling school classes, scout groups, home school units, and others participating in education programs. Recruits, trains, and schedules education volunteers. Develops education curriculum in collaboration with schools.

Museum Program Coordinator: Coordinates all curatorial efforts at the Museum, including cataloguing, accessioning, and care of artifacts. Plans, organizes, and schedules Museum special events. Coordinates special Museum exhibits. Recruits and trains curatorial volunteers. Arranges loans of artifacts to and from other museums. Administrative Specialist I: Schedules all weekday volunteer Tour Guides and Receptionists. Mails all monthly schedules to volunteers. Assists with Museum tours when necessary. Assists researchers with local history files and photo collection. Distributes press releases through mail and fax.

Maintenance/Custodian: Maintains Hiwan buildings, grounds, and landscaping. Repairs Museum buildings, utilities, plumbing, and equipment as needed. Prepares Museum for education programs, special events, and community gatherings. Builds exhibit furniture. Takes care of snow removal.

Custodian: Cleans interior of Museum buildings and informs staff of any needs for cleaning materials or interior repairs.

Weekend Tour Guides: Give guided tours of the Museum and provide information about Evergreen and Jefferson County.

The staff is also assisted by a very dedicated group of approximately 125 volunteers. Volunteer positions at Hiwan Homestead Museum include Tour Guides, Volunteer Receptionists, School Aides, Curatorial Volunteers, and Special Event Volunteers.

The Administration/Education Services section has several subsections, including Network Administration, Volunteer Services, GIS Analysis, Administration, Accounting, Visitor Resource Protection, Lookout Mountain Nature Center, and Hiwan Homestead Museum. Aspects of Jefferson County Open Space managed by Administration/ Education Services include budget development and monitoring, accounting services for the entire department, computer networking and maintenance, park patrolling and

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 14 2013 ranger staff, coordination of volunteer recruitment and training, and operations at Lookout Mountain Nature Center and Hiwan Homestead Museum.

Hiwan Homestead Museum also receives a great deal of assistance from the Park Operations section. The Park Construction, Natural Resource Management, Park Services, and Trails Services subsections and others all assist Hiwan Homestead Museum with major repairs, renovation, security, and information.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 15 2013

Management Context:

This section identifies and describes the Management Units that have been designated for Hiwan Homestead Museum. See Figure 2e.

Recreation Services and Amenities Management Unit: Below is the justification for designating the entirety of Hiwan Homestead Museum a Recreation Services & Amenities Area.

1. The Hiwan property is too small (approximately four acres) to justify designating any portion of it a natural or sensitive area. 2. The primary vision of the Hiwan property is for public tours, educational activities, and programming relating to the five historic buildings on the site. 3. None of the areas on the small Hiwan property are secluded or undeveloped enough to justify a natural or sensitive designation. 4. The Hiwan site is surrounded by housing, public roadways, and other development, making it impossible to create enough undisturbed area to justify a natural or sensitive designation.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 16 2013 Figure 2e: Hiwan Homestead Museum MUD Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 17 2013

Hiwan Homestead Museum Leases, Easements, Contracts and Agreements: Jefferson County Open Space often enters into agreements with other public and private organizations and individuals on behalf of an area. These agreements sometimes help the area to fulfill its recreational, educational or stewardship objectives while providing a service or benefit to the other party. Agreements of this type are legally binding, and as a result, form a critical element of an area‟s legal and policy context. Leases, easements, contracts and agreements entered into on behalf of this area are outlined in Table 1a below.

TABLE 2a: HIWAN HOMESTEAD MUSEUM LEASES, LICENSES, EASEMENTS, CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS Agreement Type Agreeing Parties Description Location Cooperative Jefferson County Cooperative Agreement specifying responsibilities Hiwan office, Agreement Historical Society, for finances and operations at Hiwan Homestead Administration & Jefferson County Open Museum Education Services Space office, County Attorney Trail easement Jefferson County Easement granted to County in 1993 for access to Hiwan office, Historical Society, parking lot area Acquisitions section, Jefferson County Open Open Space Space

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 18 2013

Work Plan Summary:

The Figure on the following page reflect the five-year financial strategy for Hiwan Homestead Museum. The “issue-driven” actions identified in the Actions Map (Figure 2f) correspond alpha-numerically to the “Management Directions” portion of this chapter. The Actions Map (Figure 2f) shows the temporal relationship between the issues.

Definitions:

1) System-wide Priority Criteria

A decision whether to implement a particular management action is based on system-wide priorities, which are derived from the following criteria:

 Universal Accessibility/life safety/public health  Resource protection  Special studies/planning  Cyclic maintenance

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 19 2013 Figure 2f: Actions Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 20 2013 Action Items:

An explanation of identified issues specific to Hiwan Homestead Museum and the actions proposed to resolve them follow. The issues and actions articulated below correspond alpha-numerically to Figure 2f. Implementation of the preferred management options may be limited by staffing and/or budget constraints.

Exterior Mortar Replacement:

C.2 Contract for Mortar replacement:

C.3 Replace Mortar: The mortar used in the stonework in foundations, chimneys, etc. at Hiwan Homestead Museum has been repaired and replaced many times, often with inappropriate materials. Open Space received a grant from the State Historical Fund (administered through the Colorado Historical Society) to partially fund replacement of the existing mortar with more appropriate period-correct material. This project proceeded in three phases: applying for the grant (completed), contracting with Olde English Masonry for the mortar replacement (completed), and replacing the mortar (completed). All exterior mortar on the main Museum building, Eric‟s House and the Housekeeper‟s Cabin has been replaced.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 21 2013

Discussion Items: Although the following discussion items were not considered issues by Open Space staff, they are included here for the administrative record.

1. Aspects of the Cooperative Agreement between the Jefferson County Historical Society and Jefferson County Open Space were discussed, but the Management Plan Team decided that this did not constitute an issue. Since then, the leadership of the Historical Society has changed and its relationship with Open Space has drastically improved.

2. The off-site storage area at the R-1 warehouse was vacated in 2005. The artifacts stored there have been returned to Hiwan Homestead as a result of the HVAC system completion, or have been deaccessioned and disposed of by Jefferson County Historical Society.

3. The need for additional storage and work space for the Education Coordinator, Museum Program Coordinator, and Maintenance/Custodian is becoming acute. Loss of work and storage space to the new HVAC system has caused backup and overcrowding in the staff offices. A major reevaluation of existing work and storage areas will be undertaken early in 2007, in the hope of alleviating this growing problem.

4. The closing of a large section of Heritage Grove, next to the Museum for revegetation by Jefferson County Historical Society is cause for concern. The loss of so much area for the big summer festivals held in the Grove will probably mean that they will relocate. This will mean a loss of the large numbers of visitors who tour the Museum during those festivals. The Museum staff will have to evaluate various strategies to make up for this loss in visitation. The Museum is considering having a Model T auto festival as part of the 100th anniversary of the Model T. Bringing Denver Mountain parks and the Lariat Loop into involvement may help boost the event.

5. Because of the concerns about Heritage Grove, it may be advisable for the staff to inquire about possibly using some of the adjoining Timbervale Homeowners Association property for various types of events. Timbervale has not been very receptive to this idea.

6. Future issues involving the appearance and maintenance of the Museum may include a grant from the State Historical Fund to replace the existing stone mortar in all the Museum buildings with more durable and historically correct mortar. The State Historical Fund employee who evaluated the recent Museum mortar work, Nan Rickey, brought this concept to us. This could be contracted out in completing this work should it be pursued.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 22 2013 7. At a recent Jefferson County Historical Society Board meeting, the question was asked whether Open Space would like to assume ownership of Heritage Grove next to the Museum. The Grove is currently owned and managed by the Society. Concerns over conservation of the soil and trees in the Grove have led to a level of annual expenditures that the Historical Society Board feels that it cannot sustain – ranging from $5-7,000 per year. The Grove includes about 5 acres of land contiguous to the Museum. Open Space currently maintains and interprets the section of the Grove on which the Nature Trail is located. The Society would donate the Grove property to Open Space if we want to assume ownership.

8. With the completion of the current HVAC system, curatorial and education work space was cut to a minimum. Storage space for artifacts has been wedged into various nooks and crannies in the Museum buildings. Volunteers and staff working on cataloguing, marking, and sorting artifacts, and assembling items for the education programs, were forced to intrude into scarce office space. It has become evident that generic, open work space is definitely needed. I propose that an addition to the current restroom building be constructed to include a sink, fume hood, about 12 feet wide and running the 30-foot length of the existing building. The addition could be added to either the front or rear of the restrooms.

9. Our October and November calendars are noticeably sparse in school field trips. This is highly unusual and our investigation with the schools has revealed that the expense of field trips is the main culprit. Schools are now charging $6.50-$7.00 for each student for field trips, on top of the modest $.50 charged by the Historical Society for the Museum programs. Especially for less prosperous school districts, this is starting to become a real barrier to student visitation. The Museum may have to begin emphasizing school outreach programs more than actual Museum visits if this trend continues. Alternately, some system of providing grants to cover the cost of field trips may be possible. Tim Sandsmark and I will be discussing this in November with representatives of the Open Space Foundation and with other organizations.

10. The HVAC system is still not working properly. Only one boiler is working in the main Museum and in Eric‟s House. Though the boilers that are working are reliable and provide adequate heat, the thermostats do not seem to be regulating heat the way they should be. Heat has to be regulated manually by turning air handlers off and on. Clinical Engineering, Inc. has been working on the system and has attained mechanical reliability to a certain extent, but much more work needs to be done on the control system. Whether Clinical Engineering or another company does the work, the control system needs to be worked on so that the thermostats will actually control the amount of heat being provided in both buildings.

11. Possible construction of storage shed in 2012 to house large lawn mower, snow blower, and other equipment, plus flammable materials storage cabinet.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 23 2013 12. The refinishing of the chapel floor is to be completed in 2012, but there was discussion of whether it was feasible to refinish all the floors in the Museum at the same time. Because it would most likely take at least a month and the Museum would have to be closed that whole time, this would have to be planned well in advance, with the earliest possible date being sometime in 2013. January and February are the Museum‟s slowest months. Dale Sawin of Building Maintenance and Construction will look into whether this is something Open Space can do in- house or whether it would have to be done by an outside vendor.

13. Dale Sawin of Building Maintenance and Construction proposed that the Museum look into replacing the shake shingles with a plastic-rubber composite. These composite shingles come in several colors, including red, do not rot, do not need repainting, reduce wildfire hazard and have a 50-year warranty. Though more expensive initially, this would cut down on long-term maintenance costs and would significantly reduce the amount of time spent on the roof by Open Space employees, therefore reducing safety risks.

14. A new informational kiosk is planned for Heritage Grove.

15. There was a discussion of whether to replant Heritage Grove trees to anticipate death of old trees. After reading the Heritage Grove Advisory Report of 2006, Dave Schott of Natural Resources recommended that Open Space should not replant. He agreed with the report that management of the Grove should be preservation, not restoration.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 24 2013

Chapter 3: Detailed Information on Lair o’ the Bear Park

Introduction:

Park Vision: The management of Lair o‟ the Bear Park reflects Jefferson County Open Space's mission of balancing human use with resource preservation. This is accomplished through the application of management units upon the landscape, which define a spectrum of recreational opportunities, environmental education and interpretation opportunities, and natural and cultural resource conservation efforts. Lair o‟ the Bear Park has two Management Unit Designations, each emphasizing different priorities for the provision of recreational opportunities and protection of the Park's resources.

Location: Lair o‟ the Bear Park is located on the south side of State Highway 74 in Bear Creek Canyon, five miles west of the Town of Morrison and two miles east of Kittredge.

Chronology of Development: 1990-91 Initial development 1991 Park opened in June Development included picnic area, restroom, parking lot, trails, accessible fishing pier and two bridges. 1994 Two additional bridges installed at east and west ends, with trail extensions along Bear Creek to Park boundaries. Second clivus restroom constructed. A small capacity well for park visitors was added. 2002 5-mile trail completed and opened, which connected Lair o‟ the Bear Park with Pence Park. Improvements, including a kiosk, signage and a screened porta toilet were added to the Pence Park parking lot. 2008 A shelter was constructed for use as an outdoor class room. 2009 Trail connections made to outdoor class room.

Amenities:  9.3 miles of natural surface trails  parking for 120 cars  4 trail bridges  2 clivus restrooms  outdoor class room (shelter)  26 picnic tables  9 benches  8 picnic grills  1 hitching rail  1 map box  14 trash cans

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 2: Hiwan Homestead Museum Jefferson County Open Space 25 2013  2 recycle cans  3 gates  1 well (hand pump has been removed)  kiosk  fencing  accessible fishing deck  signs

Park Capacity: Lair o‟ the Bear Park has 120 parking spaces. The capacity for the Park is estimated to be 360 visitors, including non-motorized or “walk in” access. Staff reports indicate that the parking lot reaches capacity primarily on weekends and holidays when the weather is good. Not only does the number of people visiting the Park result in facility capacity issues, it also results in social capacity issues. The visitor survey conducted in 2005 revealed a significantly higher rate of conflict experiences on weekends than on weekdays, at 12% and 6%, respectively.

Acreage: The Park consists of 393 acres, more or less.

Historical Background: Like many of Jefferson County's Open Space parks, Lair o‟ the Bear Park has a rich and colorful past. Lair's parkland was once part of the Mountain Nook Ranch. In 1902, after emigrating from Sweden, John Albin Johnson and his wife, Mathilda purchased 560 acres along Bear Creek. In addition to raising Red Durham cattle, the Johnsons grew a variety of produce, which they trucked to Evergreen and Denver. In fact, John's reputation for growing fine vegetables quickly earned him the nickname "Rutabaga." Mountain Nook's crops were irrigated with the help of three log dams, which John designed. John and Mathilda also planted over 200 cherry and apple trees, many of which can still be found throughout the Park.

Mountain Nook Ranch boasted one of the only lathe and plaster houses in the area. Built in the 1880's, the house had four bedrooms, (one for each of their sons, Finis and Francis) as well as two fireplaces, a dining room, living room and kitchen. The outhouse was conveniently placed behind the main house.

Frequent, and often severe, flooding of Bear Creek also created problems for the Johnsons. The Lariat Trail (now known as Highway 74) crossed Bear Creek six times between Morrison and Mountain Nook Ranch. It was not uncommon for a flood to wash away the creek's fragile, wood bridges and strand travelers in Bear Creek Canyon for days. In the early 1920's, a flood warning system was implemented in Evergreen. Evergreen's telephone operator would call the Johnsons, and other families along the canyon, to warn them if a flood was headed their way.

When they weren't hunting rabbits or fishing, Finis and Francis Johnson used to hike the 1½ miles to school in Starbuck. Starbuck got its name from John Starbuck who won the town property in a poker game. Today, we know the area as Idledale. Mathilda, moved

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 26 2013 to California after John died in 1928, but she continued to hold on to Mountain Nook Ranch until 1959, when she had her sons sell the land to Marcus and Muriel Wright. The Wrights were well known in Idledale as the owners of the famed Wright Castle. In the mid-1960's, the land was sold to the Mountain Air Corporation, who, in turn, sold it to Open Space in 1987. "Lair o‟ the Bear" was the name that members of the Mountain Air Corporation gave to the Park when they owned it. The name was taken from the student union at the University of California, whose mascot is a bear.

Acquired: Lair o‟ the Bear Park was acquired for small and large group picnics, fishing, sports and games, plant and animal study, hiking, horseback riding, and day camping. At first, the Open Space Advisory Committee (OSAC) and Open Space staff recommended that horses, mountain bikes and dogs should be excluded from the Park to preserve its various ecosystems. However, the Board of County Commissioners overrode these recommendations on the grounds that they were too restrictive to the public. The Lair o‟ the Bear Park property is located in portions of Sections 31 and 32, in T.4.S., R.70.W., of the Sixth PM.

The first parcel was acquired from Mountain Air-Bear Creek, a Limited Partnership, which contained 317 acres, more or less of land and 30 shares of Hodgson Ditch Water. Acquisition of this property was approved by OSAC Resolution #75-27 on October 28, 1975, and the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC75-194 on November 17, 1975. The property was acquired in November, 1987. The County next acquired 3 acres, more or less from Charles Braun. Acquisition of this property was approved by OSAC Resolution #12-91 on March 7, 1991, and the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC91-261 on May 28, 1991. The third tract was acquired from Muriel Steen Wright and contained 73 acres, more or less. Acquisition of this property was approved by OSAC Resolution #93-91 on November 7, 1991, and the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC91-1013 on December 19, 1991. The fourth acquisition was for 2 acres, more or less, from Rush A. and Clarice Y. Bagwell. Acquisition of this property was approved by OSAC Resolution #107-92 on November 19, 1992, and the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC93-111 on April 14, 1993. The fifth transaction was with Gross Masonry Inc. and involved the exchange of an isolated tract containing 2 acres, more or less, acquired from Braun, located north of Highway 74 for the mineral rights to the former Bagwell property. This transaction was approved by OSAC Resolution #107-92 on November 19, 1992, and the Board of County Commissioners Resolution #CC93-111 on April 14, 1993.

Water rights: Hodgson Ditch Water Appropriate Amount Priority No. Adjudication Date Date (cfs) 3 2-04-1884 6-01-1861 8.25 3 2-04-1884 5-31-1862 2.07

Of the total 10.32 cfs. decreed for irrigation in the Hodgson Ditch Open space holds 0.387 cfs. of water in 15 shares of stock.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 27 2013

In 1994 Open Space constructed a small capacity well (5 gpm) to provide water for Park visitors and is registered with the Division of Water Resources under Permit No. 172123.

The Water Resource Summery Report is located in the Lair o‟ the Bear Park Acquisition file in LiveLink.

Natural and Cultural Resources: Vegetative Resources (Major Habitat Types, Community Types, and Plant Communities in the Rocky Mountains; United States Forest Service) 1. Foothills Grassland-19 Acres  Western wheatgrass/Smooth brome-3 Acres  Smooth brome/Slender wheatgrass-16 Acres 2. Foothills shrubland-111 Acres  Mountain mahogany/Needle & thread-111 Acres 3. Foothills woodland-220 Acres  Douglas-fir/Cliff jamesia-179 Acres  Ponderosa pine/Mountain mahogany-27 Acres  Douglas-fir/Mountain mahogany-14 Acres 4. Riparian area-36 Acres 5. Broken rock-6 Acres

Wildlife Values Given the Park‟s geological location, size, level of human use and its structural diversity, Lair o‟ the Bear Park has an average amount of wildlife usage throughout the montane regions of the Park. The riparian area, however, is the main feature of the Park with a high degree of diversity of wildlife.

Weed Management Although Lair o‟ the Bear Park has very few pockets of noxious weeds in the interior of the Park, traditional avenues of weed dispersal are very apparent, with large pockets of Canada thistle and leafy spurge along the stream sides and trail corridors. The parking and picnic areas also have inherent noxious weed infestations. Therefore, an active weed management program has been, and will continue to be, in place using integrated weed management techniques.

Forest Management Due to topography and terrain and potential impacts to the riparian area, forest management for the Park has been limited to mountain pine beetle monitoring, hazardous tree removal and pruning overgrowth in the picnic area. As with all Open Space parks, the program‟s goal is to preserve, protect and improve the quality and diversity of the landscape.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 28 2013 Cultural Resources A Class III Cultural Resources Inventory was conducted by SWCA, Inc., during the summer of 1999. Three historic sites and two isolated finds were recorded on the Park. Two of the sites consist of road cuts that are not recommended as eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP). The other site consists of the ruined remains of a structure. This site is recommended as eligible for inclusion in the NRHP.

Activities: Hiking, biking running/jogging, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, fishing, picnic and personal interpretive programs.

Visitation and Use Trends: The average annual visitation to Lair o‟ the Bear Park is approximately 60,000. The 2005 user survey shows that 64% of park visitors hike, 31% bike, 18% view wildlife, 12% picnic, and another 8% engage in “other” activities such as birding, contemplation, exercising and wading.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 29 2013 Figure 3a: Lair o’ the Bear Park Location Map Figure 1. Lair 'o the Bear Park Location Map

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Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 30 2013 Figure 3b: Lair o’ the Bear Park Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 31 2013 Figure 3b: Lair o’ the Bear Park Existing Conditions Map

Figure 3c: Lair o’ the Bear Park Acquisition History Map

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Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 32 2013

Figure 3d: Lair o’ the Bear Park Opportunities and Constraints Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 33 2013

Management Context:

This section identifies and describes the management units that have been designated for Lair o‟ the Bear Park. See Figure 3e.

Sensitive Area Management Unit: All species of wildlife, even those that are adaptable and visible, require some degree of undisturbed space and time for certain aspects of their life history (breeding, foraging, resting, hiding, etc.). If portions of the landscape are available with little to no disturbance, these species will utilize them as needed and thus continue to occupy and utilize the entire landscape. Eventually, those species of wildlife that are adaptive will become part of the more visible watchable wildlife that the public has come to observe and enjoy on Open Space parks. There are no designated Sensitive Areas on Lair o‟ the Bear Park.

Natural Area Management Unit: Below is the justification for designating the majority of the park (397.7 acres) a Natural Area Management Unit, and thereby, providing public access in the form of natural trails.

Recreation Resources  The area provides opportunities for ecological study and research, as well as a platform for educational opportunities.  The central location and easy access to the park from Denver and the surrounding suburbs offers the visitor a convenient, recreational option for multi-use trail activity. Wildlife Usage  Due to the geological features, natural corridors, and riparian area, the park has an assortment of wildlife including deer, elk, fish, birds, black bears and the occasional mountain lion, which provide watchable wildlife for park visitors.  Approximately 75% of the wildlife species known or likely to occur in Colorado are dependent on riparian areas during all or a portion of their life cycle. This is especially significant when we realize that riparian areas make up less than 1% of the land mass in Colorado. Vegetation Resources  The area has a high degree of plant diversity due to the numerous community types found in an area of transition from riparian to montane foothill slopes.  The park has exceptional examples of mountain shrubland (mountain mahogany/needle and thread) community types considered by the Natural Heritage Program as a habitat type of concern.  The riparian area associated with Bear Creek has a wide array of species contributing to the overall diversity of the entire area. This resource should

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 34 2013 be protected to ensure opportunities for the future.

Recreation Services and Amenities Area Management Unit: Below is the justification for designating the parking and picnic area of Lair o‟ the Bear (6.91 acres) as a Recreation Services and Amenities Area, and thereby, providing recreational facilities to a large number of visitors.

 The area has been developed to accommodate large numbers of park visitors.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 35 2013 Figure 3e: Lair o’ the Bear Park MUD Map

Fig. 4: LAIR O' THE BEAR PARK Management Unit Designations

ek re C ar WXYZï Be

Lair o' the Bear Park

Corwina Park (Denver Mountain Park)

Little Park (Denver Mountain Park)

O'Fallon Park (Denver Mountain Park)

0 0.25 0.5 Miles

1:18,000 1 = 1500' . Natural Area Hydrography Recreation Service and Amenities Area Streets Trails Pence Park Other public lands (Denver Mountain Park) Sources: Jefferson County Open Space and Jefferson County IT Dept.

Sources: Jefferson County Open Space and Jefferson County IT Dept. 1/25/10 D:\Data\ArcGIS9\PMP\LOB\lob_mud.mxd

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 36 2013

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 37 2013 Lair o’ the Bear Park Leases, Easements, Contracts and Agreements: Jefferson County Open Space often enters into agreements with other public and private organizations and individuals on behalf of a park. These agreements sometimes help the park to fulfill its recreational or stewardship objectives while providing a service or benefit to the other party. Agreements of this type are legally binding, and as a result, form a critical element of a park‟s legal and policy context. Leases, easements, contracts and agreements entered into on behalf of this park are outlined in Table 1b below.

TABLE 3a: LAIR O’ THE BEAR PARK LEASES, LICENSES, EASEMENTS, CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS Agreement Type Agreeing Parties Description Location Easement, lease, etc. Enter where document can be found Reservation Patent Mineral Reservation Bk. 22 Pg. 105 and Pg. 393 Right of Way Mt. Evans Pipeline Pipeline Right of Way Ditch Plat Book, Bk. 1, Pg. 29 Right of Way Canon Pipeline Pipeline Right of Way Ditch Plat Book, Bk. 1, Pg. 14 Riparian U.S.A., State, People Riparian Rights Water and Bed of Bear Creek Right of Way Mountain States Phone Lines Bk. 344 Pg. 196 and Bk. 365 Pg. 85 Telephone Right of Way Colo. Central Power Electrical Transmission Lines Bk. 978 Pg. 444 Co. Easement Genesee Water and Water line Recp. #82005414 Sanitation Easement Arvada Evangelical Sanitary Sewer Line and Storm Recp. #F0606951 Covenant Church Drainage Right -of -Way North Table Mountain Sanitary Sewer Lines Recp. #F0634428 Water and Sanitation Easement North Table Mountain Water Lines Recp. # 94158547 Water and Sanitation

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 38

Work Plan Summary:

The Figure on the following page reflects the five-year financial strategy for Lair o‟ the Bear Park. The “issue-driven” actions identified in the Actions Map (Figure 3f) correspond alpha-numerically to the “Management Directions,” portions of this chapter. The Actions Map (Figure 3f) shows the temporal relationship between the issues.

Definitions:

1) System-wide Priority Criteria

A decision whether to implement a particular management action is based on system-wide priorities, which are derived from the following criteria:

 Universal Accessibility/life safety/public health  Resource protection  Special studies/planning  Cyclic maintenance

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 39 Figure 3f: Actions Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 40

Action Items:

An explanation of identified issues specific to Lair o‟ the Bear Park and the actions proposed to resolve them follow. The issues and actions articulated below correspond alpha-numerically to Figure 3f. Implementation of the preferred management options may be limited by staffing and/or budget constraints.

Riparian Corridor Enhancements: To improve the overall condition of the riparian corridor at Lair o‟ the Bear Park several issues need to be addressed. Each issue has its own set of action items, but these issues need to be viewed collectively in order to improve the riparian ecosystem.

Significant erosion and vegetation degradation is occurring along the stream bank. Prolonged erosion contributes to sediment loading in the stream, thus damaging fisheries habitat. The erosion also poses a hazard to park users who view the eroded areas as an entrance into the stream. This is particularly hazardous during spring flows. To address the erosion issue, staff will: A.4. Construct the improvements.

Carrying Capacity: The parking lot at Lair o‟ the Bear Park is often full on weekends and holidays during periods of good weather. The park has become the preferred location to picnic and hike due to its location along Bear Creek and is at or near capacity during these high use periods. The recent addition of the trail to Pence Park has resulted in an increase in mountain bike usage and use of the Lair parking lot. The Ranger staff has to turn away park visitors during these periods of high use. Usually, visitors will be redirected to the Pence Park parking lot when the Lair o‟ the Bear lot reaches capacity.

Actions to be addressed include: B.2. Pursue with Denver the possibility of using the Little Park trailhead for hikers and bikers. Timing is dependent on C.1., per input from Denver Mountain Parks.

Bear Creek Trail to Lair o’ the Bear Park: Lair o' the Bear Park and/or Pence Park would complete a missing link on the Trails 2000 Plan.

Bear Creek Trail to Evergreen: A trail extending west from the Pence Park trailhead and linking with the proposed trail in downtown Evergreen would complete a missing link on the Trails 2000 Plan. Actions to be addressed include: D.3. Acquire the remaining trail corridor right-of-way; D.4. Trail Design – Contingent upon D.3; D.5. Trail Plan/Design-Denver (per IGA) – Contingent upon D.3; Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 41 D.6. Construct the trail – Contingent upon D.3.

Non-Personal Interpretive Opportunities: Lair o‟ the Bear Park is included in the Interpretive Media Plan. Thus, non- personal. Interpretive signage will be developed for this park.

Sheltered Area/Outdoor Classroom: Lair o‟ the Bear is used extensively by recreational public groups and individuals year-round. The park is also used for Open Space staff led personal educational programs on a year-round basis, serving 2,800 participants annually. Oftentimes, weather conditions can change quickly, including seasonal snow storms, and summer electrical storms. For safety and educational reasons, a sheltered area may be appropriate for the park.

Brittlefern Trail: The section of trail along the north side of the parking lot gets little to no use by park visitors. This results in an overgrowth of vegetation within the trail tread that requires additional maintenance by staff. It appears that trail users are utilizing the parking lot or the trail on the south side of the parking lot to move east-west or west-east.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 42

Discussion Items:

Although the following discussion items were not considered issues by Open Space staff, they are included here for the administrative record.

1. Traffic Calming Field Both Trails and Ranger staffs discussed the problem of bike traffic speeding past picnic areas. It was decided to implement traffic calming devices in conjunction with signs to slow the bike traffic and thereby reduce the risk of user conflict. Trails staff designed an area west of the Dipper bridge, 100‟ long. The area now contains approximately a dozen boulders strategically placed to force bike traffic to slow. Ranger staff will place signs that warn bike traffic of the high use area ahead and how they should proceed.

These approaches will be tried for the next few months and, if successful, they may be extended to other areas in the park and/or adjusted for better effect. Additionally, at the PMP review meeting with the Management Team, it was suggested that a dismount area be considered as a possible solution.

2. Barbed Wire Fence The Team discussed removing an old barbed wire fence along the State Highway right-of-way (ROW) and the Bear Creek Trail and relocating the gate further up the road. Mike Faber, Open Space Maintenance staff, met with Roger Anderson, District Maintenance Supervisor with the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT), and explained the team‟s ideas regarding the fence and gate. Roger stated that he had no problem with Open Space removing the fence, but that Jefferson County would have to sign an Agreement (CDOT will draft it). The agreement will include that Open Space do the fence removal, leave painted t-posts by all survey pins, and that all t-posts remain State property. Also, if the County ever wants a fence in the same location, its installation will be at the County‟s expense. Mr. Anderson will fax the agreement to Mike Faber at a later date. Removal of the fence was completed in 2004.

3. School Group Visits One of the issues the team discussed is school groups not knowing they need a Special Activity Permit before arriving at the park. It seems that many school groups arrive without a permit, which sometimes causes overcrowding. The team believes that we can better schedule the groups coming to the park if the need for a Special Activity Permit was communicated regularly to school administrators and teachers. This would help make each school group‟s visit more positive and minimize impact on the park.

4. Pence Sledding/Parking Mark Hearon discussed the sledding/parking issues with Denver Mountain Parks.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 43 They told Mark that Denver Mountain Parks staff has not closed the lot at Pence since Open Space took over maintenance and that they will not do so. They are going to look over their regulations on sledding to determine if they will pursue new signage to prohibit sledding in a more formal fashion. For now, he is willing to let it stay as is. He mentioned the way we handle sledding at Meyer, in that we do not sign for or against the activity, but we also don‟t promote it.

5. Carrying Capacity Part of the discussion regarding parking at the park involves what staff tells visitors when the lot is full. It was agreed that visitors should be directed to the Pence lot as an alternative. Picnickers should also be directed to O‟ Fallon Park when Lair fills up. At this time, other parking alternatives are not recommended due to safety and management concerns. At the 2007 PMP annual update meeting, it was agreed that action B.1. should become part of the discussion section primarily because it has become more of a base item for VRP.

6. Ranger Patrol on Denver Parks The trail plan, per an Intergovernmental Agreement (IGA) with Denver, defines a 20-foot wide trail corridor in addition to the Pence parking lot that JCOS is responsible for managing. The question is whether JCOS Ranger staff should respond to something occurring outside of the defined management area. Further discussion with Denver Mountain Parks staff is suggested, although JCOS staff will approach the issue with common sense.

7. Parking along the park entrance road The park entrance road has been used as overflow parking along the north side. There are “no parking” signs currently posted along the road that are not being enforced by staff. The parking lot has120 spaces and therefore is large enough to accommodate a high level of use at the park. This concern will be forwarded to the manager of Administration/Education Services and the Park Rangers Supervisor. In 2007, the PMP team met on site and agreed to minor modifications to the existing parking plan. Equestrian parking was relocated further east along the parking lot access drive (where it was widened) in order to make available more spaces for head in parking in the main lot, north side where equestrians had previously been directed to park. As a result, the Rangers will be enforcing the no parking signs along the park entrance road at all times, no exceptions for Holidays when the lot becomes full.

8. Bear Creek Trail to Lair o’ the Bear Park The needed acquisition of trail corridor right-of-way (C.2) and the construction of the trail improvements (C.3) were moved to the discussion items as decided during this year‟s Management Plan annual team meeting.

9. Replacement of Cleavis Park Construction staff has made a request to replace the existing restroom. Increased park usage has dramatically increased the demand for maintenance on

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 44 the facility.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 45

Chapter 4: Detailed Information on Mount Falcon Park

Introduction:

Park Vision: The management of Mount Falcon Park reflects the Jefferson County Open Space mission of balancing human use with resource preservation. This is accomplished through the application of management units upon the landscape, which define a spectrum of recreational opportunities, environmental education and interpretation opportunities, and natural and cultural resource conservation efforts. Mount Falcon Park has two Management Unit Designations, each emphasizing different priorities for the provision of recreational opportunities and protection of the Park‟s resources. The Recreation Services and Amenities Area, which include the two parking lots and immediately surrounding areas, emphasize the provision of amenities to serve the basic needs of the Park‟s visitors, including Universal accessibility, and serve as the primary trailheads for access to the Park‟s trail system. These areas provide parking, picnic areas and restroom facilities and are managed for high levels of use.

The remainder of Mount Falcon Park has been designated a Natural Area and is managed to ensure the preservation of the scenic values of the Park, address the protection and preservation of wildlife habitat and general biodiversity of the property and to provide sustainable recreational opportunities. The southern portion of the Natural Area is managed primarily for recreational trail use, but not to the detriment of the natural and cultural resources. This area includes the John Brisben Walker ruins and multi-use as well as hiker only trails. The abundance of natural and cultural resources provide a myriad of potential interpretive opportunities.

The northern portion of the Park is managed for its natural resource values. The area north of Castle Trail provides a relatively large, unfragmented and undisturbed habitat that includes elements of old growth forest. This habitat has a high degree of value for wildlife ranging from diverse songbird populations to large predator species. In addition, a Natural Heritage Conservation Site has been identified in the northern portion of the Park, which includes Mixed montane shrubland and Lower montane forest plant associations, which are valued for their relatively rare statewide biodiversity.

Location: Mount Falcon Park is located southwest of Morrison, Colorado (See Figure 4a). Public access to the Park is located on both the east and west sides of the Park. To access the Park, take the Indian Hills turn-off from U.S. Highway 285, follow Parmalee Gulch Road for five miles to Picutis Road, then follow the signs to the west parking area. East access is available from Colorado Highway 8, south of Morrison. Turn west on Forest Avenue and north on Vine Avenue.

Chronology of Development: 1975/1976 West access road/parking construction Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 3: Lair o’ the Bear Park Jefferson County Open Space 2013 46 1976 Tower, Meadow, Castle, Old Ute and Two Dog Trails constructed; vault toilet built at west lot; dedication at west picnic area 1977 Devil‟s Elbow and Parmalee Trails constructed 1978 East parking access and vault toilet built 1980 East portion of Park deeded to Morrison as “Morrison Town Park” 1981 West parking expanded 1982 Interpretive signs installed at Castle and White House 1984 Kirchof family cabin remodeled into Eagle Eye shelter 1986 Hand pump (permit #141992) for drinking water installed at west trailhead; Tower shelter renovated 1989 Parmalee Trail rerouted 1990 West Clivus built; vault toilet demolished at east trailhead 1993 Trailhead easement granted to Open Space on Morrison Town Park for east access 1997 Chris Poole memorial bench shelter built on Meadow Trail 1998 West shelters built; replaced west Clivus with Devap; Turkey Trot Trail constructed 1999 East clivus, east shelter built; west picnic area renovated with crusherfine trails; structural engineering evaluation of John Brisben Walker Ruins by Atkinson Noland Engineers 2003 Removed pay phone and ranch gate at west entry. Replaced gate with bollard. Fire in the Pines interpretive signs were installed 2004 Fencing around Walker Ruins was installed.

Amenities:  East and west trailheads  Two paved parking lots (60 parking spaces at east and 55 parking spaces at west parking lots)  Two restrooms, one Clivus at the east trailhead, which is ADA accessible and one Devap 2000 at the west trailhead, not fully ADA accessible (built prior to 1990 ADA and does not meet the five-foot turning radius)  One picnic shelter at east trailhead, two shelters at west trailhead and two shelters in the interior of the Park  One memorial bench shelter (west)  Twenty-eight picnic tables (26 west and 2 east)  Two standard kiosks  Ten benches (nine west and one east)  Seven picnic grills (west)  Three map boxes  Sixteen trash cans  Two recycle cans  Three gates  Two entry signs  Two auto rules and regulations signs  Fifteen highway directional signs

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 47 2013  Twelve miles of natural surface trails  Interpretive Signs

Park Capacity: The facility capacity of Mount Falcon Park, as illustrated on the Park Map, allows for 115 cars between its two parking lots. Including non-motorized access to the area, this equates to approximately 245 visitors at any one time on the Park. Visitor surveys conducted from May through September in 2007 revealed that only 4.2% of those surveyed had experienced recreation conflict during their visit. Recreation conflict was defined as the presence or behavior of others that can interfere with one‟s enjoyment. That interference could be the result of discourteous behavior, people not willing to share the trails, or by the mere presence of another park visitor.

Acreage: 2,220 acres, more or less

Historical Background: The story of Mount Falcon is largely the story of John Brisben Walker, who once owned over 4,000 acres of land in this area.

During the early 1900's Walker lived in an elaborate stone house on Mount Falcon while planning the construction of a summer home for the Presidents of the United States, which was to have been located on a ridge to the east of his home. Walker‟s home burned in 1918, and all that remains of this once splendid edifice are the massive stone walls and numerous fireplaces of a unique mountain castle. On this site, the crumbling remnants of a broken dream and the views of the plains to the east and mountains to the west combine to create an inspirational setting.

The construction of the Summer White House never proceeded beyond the laying of the foundation and cornerstone. American involvement in World War I, combined with a waning of Walker‟s good fortunes, brought an end to this project. From the site of the Summer White House one may look down on Red Rocks Park, one of Walker‟s dreams come true.

John Brisben Walker was a man of many visions. Walker‟s purchase of the Stanley Steamer Company was a losing bet against Henry Ford‟s internal combustion engine. Although he held vast fortunes at various times in his life, Walker died penniless in 1931 at the age of 83.

The present multi-use trails lead to historic sites and scenic vistas throughout the Park. These trails lead from the plains at the east end of the Park and up to the foothills on a narrow road, which once carried Stanley Steamers, and through forests and meadows to the many points of interest at the top of the Park.

Eagle Eye Shelter, once the home of a more recent tenant, provides a panoramic view from Indian Hills to Evergreen and Mount Evans. Atop Mount Falcon itself, a wooden tower rises to yield intriguing views of the ruins, Red Rocks Park, and the plains. The

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 48 2013 west parking area provides an approach to these areas from above. From the east parking area (off Highway 8) south of the Town of Morrison, a trail loops across plains and gullies to an interesting outcrop of red sandstone. Picnic tables and restrooms are provided at both parking areas.

Acquired: The Mount Falcon Park property is located in portions of Sections 33 and 34, T. 4 S., R. 70 W. and Sections 3, 4, 9 and 10, T. 5 S., R. 70 W., all of the Sixth P.M.

The first tract of land acquired for the Mount Falcon Park was the land in Sections 3, 4, 9 and 10. This property was acquired from Mount Falcon Association through Colorado Open Lands in 1974 and consisted of 1,479 acres, more or less. The Open Space Advisory Committee passed a Resolution on July 23, 1974, stating that the property would meet the recreational needs of the residents of Jefferson County.

The second tract acquired was the S½ N½ of Section 4, which was acquired from the Y.M.C.A. in 1991 and consists of 159 acres, more or less. OSAC passed a Resolution on September 5, 1991, stating that the property would be suitable for scenic preservation of the Bear Creek Canyon and as a trail connection between Mount Falcon Park and the City and County of Denver‟s Little Park.

In 1992, 549 acres of land on the south side of Bear Creek in Sections 3, 33 and 34 were acquired and added to the Park. This property was acquired from Bear Creek Development through Trust for Public Lands. OSAC passed a Resolution on April 16, 1992, stating that the property would be suitable for public passive recreation use, including but not limited to trails, restrooms, parking lots, picnic facilities and camping.

The last acquisition in 2000 was of 117 acres, more or less in Section 4. OSAC passed a Resolution on November 2, 2000, stating that the property would be suitable for open space, trails and scenic preservation.

On November 13, 1974, three tracts of land were acquired for access to the Mount Falcon property. The total area acquired was 6 acres. In 1980, the Board of County Commissioners issued a Commissioners Deed to the Town of Morrison for 90 acres of the Mount Falcon Park. In 1993, OSAC passed a Resolution to enter into an Easement Agreement with the Town of Morrison for the use of 13 acres, more or less, of the land conveyed in 1980 for the purpose of maintaining the parking lot, trailhead and trails.

Natural and Cultural Resources: Five different plant community types are found on the Park: 1. Approximately 1,020 acres of mixed Foothill shrubland  Serves as critical elk and deer winter range  Located on lower moderate to steep slopes having a southern aspect 2. Approximately 750 acres of Douglas fir forest  Occurs on upper moderate to steep slopes having a northern aspect  Provides both thermal and hiding cover for deer and elk

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 49 2013  Section of this forest was cited by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program as the only example of a Douglas fir plant association found in Jefferson County 3. Approximately 400 acres of ponderosa pine woodland  Occurs on upper moderate to steep slopes having a southern aspect  Dwarf mistletoe infestations occur on several locations throughout the Park, including an area around the west picnic facilities and the Walker ruins.  Heavy mountain pine beetle infestations have occurred here in recent years and treatment of individual trees continues. 4. Approximately fifty acres of Foothills grassland 5. Approximately twenty-five acres of Wetland-foothills & canyon  Found in low elevation riparian areas  Important for wildlife habitat

The area north of Castle Trail is relatively undisturbed habitat that has a high degree of value for wildlife. In addition, 494 acres of this area have been designated a Natural Heritage Site due to its significant plant associations.

Six species of noxious weeds are found in the Park, and an active management program is in place. 1. Leafy spurge occurs in small, isolated patches. 2. Musk thistle occurs on dry sites, isolated patches. 3. Canada thistle occurs in drainages and is heaviest within the area that was burnt during the wildfire in 1988. 4. Diffuse knapweed has been increasing on surrounding private properties and occurs in small patches throughout the open areas of the Park. 5. Yellow and Dalmatian toadflax occur throughout the Park, with Dalmatian toadflax being relatively common. No effective control measures have been developed, although research into biological controls is showing some promise.

A total of twenty-eight cultural resources have been identified on the Park. These include eleven historic sites, twelve historic isolated finds, four prehistoric finds and one previously recorded historic site. Two of the historic sites are considered potentially eligible for the National Historic Register. The two sites that are potentially eligible appear to be associated with the early logging history of the area. A National Register of Historic Places nomination form was submitted for the Walker Castle ruins in 1997, but it was determined not eligible for the National Register since it does not possess the appropriate criteria. This determination was upheld in 1998 as the result of a second nomination application.

Activities: Recreational activities available at the Park are picnicking, hiking, biking, horseback riding, wildlife viewing, interpretive programs and self-guided interpretation.

Visitation and Use Trends: Mount Falcon Park is one of the most heavily used of Jefferson County Mountain Parks. Vehicle counts in 2008 show an estimated number of Park visitors of approximately

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 50 2013 130,500. This number is derived from inductive loop counters measuring vehicles entering the parking lots and a random sampling of users per vehicle. Visitor surveys conducted from May through September 2007 revealed that 53% of the 480 surveys collected are hiking, while just under 31% are biking.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 51 2013 Figure 4a: Mount Falcon Park Location Map

Figure 1.Mount Falcon Park Location Map

WXYZû

WXYZî

Arvada

!"a$

Golden Im Wheat Ridge Im !"a$ Lakewood

Morrison K° Evergreen

WXYZä K°

Conifer

. 0 1 2 3 4 5 Miles

1 = 250,000

Sources: Jefferson County Open Space and Jefferson County IT Dept. 01/19/10 D:\Data\ArcGIS9\PMP\MTF\mtf_loc_map.mxd

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 52 2013 Figure 4b: Mount Falcon Park Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 53 2013 Figure 4c: Mount Falcon Park Acquisition History Map

Fig. 2: MOUNT FALCON PARK Acquisitions history

April, 1980 90 acres (Deeded to Morrison) December, 2000 117 acres November, 1992 549 acres December, 1991 159 acres

July, 1993 13 acres (of 90, Easement from Morrison)

November, 1974 1389 acres

Source: Jefferson County Open Space 01/28/11 M:\GISANALYST\Data\ArcGIS9\PMP\MTF\mtf_acq_hist.mxd

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 54 2013 Figure 4d: Mount Falcon Park Opportunities and Constraints Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 55 2013

Management Context:

This section identifies and describes the Management Units that have been designated for Mount Falcon Park. See Figure 4e.

Sensitive Area Management Unit: All species of wildlife, even those that are adaptable and visible, require some degree of undisturbed space and time for certain aspects of their life history (breeding, foraging, resting, hiding, etc.). If portions of the landscape are available with little to no disturbance, these species will utilize them as needed and thus continue to occupy and utilize the entire landscape. Eventually, those species of wildlife that are adaptive will become part of the more visible watchable wildlife that the public has come to observe and enjoy on Open Space parks.

There are no Sensitive Area Management Units at Mount Falcon Park.

Natural Area Management Unit: Below is the justification for designating the majority of Mount Falcon Park a Natural Area Management Unit.

1. Wildlife Usage  A large variety of wildlife occurs in the Park, ranging from diverse songbird populations to large predator species.  Flamulated owls are known to occur in the north area of the Park. 2. Vegetative Resources  Five different plant community types are found in the park including Mixed Foothill Shrubland, Douglas-fir forest, Ponderosa pine woodland, Foothills grassland and wetland.  A Natural Heritage Conservation Site has been identified in the northern portion of the Park, which includes Mixed montane shrubland and Lower montane forest plant associations with a biodiversity ranking of B4. A B4 ranking indicates Moderate Significance, i.e. a good example of a community type, excellent or good occurrence of state rare species. 3. Recreational Resources  The area provides an ideal setting for visitors to appreciate animals in their natural habitat.  The area is large enough for park visitors to enjoy a quality recreational experience since they are dispersed over a large area.

Recreation Services and Amenities Area Management Unit: Below is the justification for designating the parking and immediately surrounding areas a Recreation Services and Amenities Area Unit and, thereby, providing parking, restroom facilities, picnic tables and informational signage.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 56 2013 1. Park access – east and west trailheads  These areas provide the only vehicular access into the Park.  These areas were designed to allow access to all of the major trails located on the Park. 2. Park facilities  Both the east and west sides of the Park were designed for high levels of use. They provide for the basic needs of Park visitors, which results in many visitors tending to not venture into other areas of the Park.  These areas receive considerable human use and, consequently, severely limited wildlife use.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 57 2013

Figure 4e: Mount Falcon Park MUD Map

FIG. 4: MOUNT FALCON PARK Management Unit Designations

Red Rocks JCOS Matthews/Winters Park WXYZï Park (Denver)

Little �Ā Park (DMP) MORRISON

DMP (Town of Morrison)

WXYZ¾

DMP . 2000 0 2000 DMP Feet 1:24,000 1" = 2000' Natural area Recreation Services and Amenities Area Other public lands Other Jefferson County Open Space K° Leased area Trails Streets

Sources: Jefferson County Open Space and Jefferson County IT Dept. 2/25/10 D:\Data\ArcGIS9\PMP\MTF\mtf_mud.mxd

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 58 2013 Mount Falcon Park Leases, Easements, Contracts and Agreements: Jefferson County Open Space often enters into agreements with other public and private organizations and individuals on behalf of a park. These agreements sometimes help the park to fulfill its recreational or stewardship objectives while providing a service or benefit to the other party. Agreements of this type are legally binding, and as a result, form a critical element of a park‟s legal and policy context. Leases, easements, contracts and agreements entered into on behalf of this park are outlined in Table 3 below.

TABLE 4a: MOUNT FALCON PARK LEASES, LICENSES, EASEMENTS, CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS Agreement Type Agreeing Description Location Parties Reservation U.S.A. Ditches and Canals as constructed Patent Reservation Reservation U.P.R.R. Minerals, Oil and Gas B. 196, P. 44 Reservation Mineral Claim Lincoln Lode mining Claim B. 966, P. 213 Easement Kirchhof Kirchhof Reservoir and Pipeline B. 3, P. 186 Reservoir Easement Mountain Telephone Easement B. 365, P. 85 States Tel. Reservation Bear Creek Reservation for Cable Installation Rep.# 92060285 Development. Easement Town of Water Line Easement Rep.# 92152974 Morrison Easement Town of Construction of 2 Water Lines Rep. # F1162994 Morrison Easement Denver Trail easement for Devil‟s Elbow Trail Mountain Park

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 59 2013

Work Plan Summary:

The Figure on the following page reflects the five-year financial Mount Falcon Park. The “issue-driven” actions identified in the Actions Map (Figure 4f) correspond alpha- numerically to the “Management Directions,” portion of this chapter. The Actions Map (Figure 4f) shows the temporal relationship between the issues.

Definitions:

1) System-wide Priority Criteria

A decision whether to implement a particular management action is based on system-wide priorities, which are derived from the following criteria:

 Universal Accessibility/life safety/public health  Resource protection  Special studies/planning  Cyclic maintenance

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 60 2013

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 61 2013 Figure 4f: Actions Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 62 2013 Action Items:

An explanation of identified issues specific to Mount Falcon Park and the actions proposed to resolve them follow. The issues and actions articulated below correspond alpha-numerically to Figure 4f. Implementation of the preferred management options may be limited by staffing and/or budget constraints.

B.2. Produce/install non-personal interpretive media: Panels are currently being fabricated and once production has been completed, installation will take place per the Park Services workload schedule.

D.1. Assess whether the “Big Hole” area and Walker Ruins area should be considered a Special Protection Area (SPA):  This action was discussed at the 2012 PMP Update meeting in the summer of 2011.  The team decided that due to the unfragmented value natural resource area that has come to be known as the, “Big Hole,” and the many reports over the years on intense wildlife activity/presence in the area, it was decided that a recommended action item as noted above would be presented to the Park Management Coordinators group for 2012.  The Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP) staff are in the process of evaluating an area adjacent to the “Big Hole” for significant plant communities and rare/imperiled species. This may impact the proposed boundary of the Special Protection Area. The final report by CNHP is due out in June of 2012.  As of early 2012, the Park Supervisors group has decided that all proposed Special Protection Areas across parks will be addressed by action teams of their making.

E.1. Mortar Replacement at Walker Ruins:  The topmost portion of the Walker Ruins chimney is unstable and unsafe. Although fencing is around the ruins, the fall zone of the chimney pieces that are coming off is outside of the fenced area. Tim Kjensrud mentioned that he has had conversations on this matter with Park Construction Head, Tim Redmond, and they all agreed that the work was too dangerous for them to undertake. So, Champion John Steinle has raised the issue of contracting with the same business that worked on the mortar replacement at Hiwan. He has obtained a quote and the Park Management Coordinator (PMC) group will make a determination on how to proceed. The Historic Structures Team (a subgroup of the PMC) will address whether this will be done or not. If this Plan A fails for some reason, perhaps the approach of “accelerated degradation” of the chimney may need to be explored.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 63 2013

Discussion Items:

Although the following discussion items were not considered issues by Open Space staff, they are included here for the administrative record.

1. The Mount Falcon Management Planning team could not come to consensus on whether a trail should be constructed in the north part of the park, which would connect Mount Falcon Park to Lair o‟ the Bear Park. Since consensus could not be reached the issue was taken to the Management Team on 9/18/01.

The Open Space Management Team decided that the concept of connecting Morrison with Lair o‟ the Bear via a trail is a worthy objective, however, based on staff‟s evaluation, the alignment in question through the "big hole" is impractical and inappropriate and will not be used to accomplish the connection objective. With regard to regional trails, consideration will be given to connection alternatives that do not impact the resource values of the Natural Heritage Site. The Management Team also concluded that the "big hole" area is more appropriately designated a Natural Management Unit.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 64 2013 approximate boundary of "big hole"

Castle Trail

2. The team discussed whether Turkey Trot Trail should be changed from “hiker only” to allow for equestrian use. Since there is close to 0% equestrian use in the park, it was decided not to pursue this.

3. The question arose as to whether there is adequate parking for the park. It was felt that parking should not be expanded until carrying capacities and visitor satisfaction surveys are completed. It was also suggested that we attempt to direct users to other nearby parks either with volunteers or signage.

4. The issue of whether we should be concerned with people using the reservoir on Town of Morrison property was discussed. It was concluded that this is not our property so we cannot enforce no trespassing.

5. Emergency access at southeast corner off Grove Street is desirable. The Ranger staff requested that we install a gate to provide emergency access. After investigation, it was determined that a gate was removed from this location two years ago by Park Services because people were parking along the street and shortcutting into the park. It was decided by the team not to install a new gate. If emergency access is needed, the fence can be cut.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 65 2013 7. The team discussed whether any additional trails in the park should be built. The south area of the park currently has 12 miles of trail and it was felt that no additional trails are needed. It is recommended that no new trails be constructed in the park south of Castle Trail with the exception of possibly converting a short social trail to an overlook to a formal trail. Note: the area north of Castle Trail is addressed in Discussion Item #1.

8. The northern boundary adjacent to Bear Creek and the Denver Mountain Park right- of-way is undefined, so it is unclear where Open Space ownership and management responsibilities end. The Ranger staff requested the boundary be established and boundary signs posted along the north boundary on the south side of Bear Creek. After discussion with the Acquisition staff it was estimated that it would cost approximately $100,000 to survey the north boundary of the park. The team decided that the benefit of establishing the north boundary would not justify this cost.

9. The Management Planning team discussed visitor capacity for Mount Falcon Park. The Trails sub-section has been collecting rough estimates on visitor use in this park for approximately 10 years. Based on an average of the last 5 years it is estimated that the park is receiving roughly 120,000 visitors each year. Three aspects of capacity were discussed – facility capacity, capacity as it relates to visitor satisfaction and capacity as it relates to visitors affecting the natural and cultural resources. Based on 2001 visitor survey data, the park is near capacity in the category of visitor satisfaction and during peak times of the year has reached capacity in the category of facility capacity. In order to continue to provide quality habitat for elk, deer, bear, mountain lion, flamulated owl, raptors (sharp-shinned or Cooper‟s Hawks, red-tails), various avian species (migratory songbirds), turkeys, fox, coyote, old growth component of Ponderosa pine and Douglas fir, the Management Planning team recommends that we maintain visitor use at its current level. As more valid data is collected in the future, the Management Planning team will review the park capacity and make further recommendations.

10. The abundance of natural and cultural resources on Mount Falcon Park provides a myriad of potential interpretive opportunities. Interpretive media services (non- personal services) are now lacking. An interpretive plan for the park, including topics, themes, programming and recommended media will be developed. This is currently scheduled for 2010-2011.

11. Action C.1. Develop Plan to Manage Social Trails was moved to a base item as discussed in the 2010 annual update.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 66 2013

Chapter 5: Detailed Information on Mount Lindo Park

Introduction:

Park Vision: The management of Mount Lindo reflects the Jefferson County Open Space goal of balancing human use with resource preservation. This is accomplished through the application of management units upon the landscape, which define a spectrum of recreational opportunities, environmental education and interpretation opportunities, and natural and cultural resource conservation efforts. Mount Lindo has one management unit designation, each emphasizing different priorities for the provision of recreational opportunities and protection of the park‟s resources.

Currently, a cemetery is located in an in holding within Mount Lindo. Olinger Mortuaries own this property. The road leading to this facility is also owned by Olinger, however Open Space has an easement for access and maintenance.

For the safety and ease of access, a trail will be developed leading to the climbing area, Lovers Leap. This trail can be accessed off of Highway 285. A loop trail will also be developed in the southern part of the Mount Lindo boundary, with a trailhead off of the Tiny Town parking lot on South Turkey Creek Road. The loop trail has the potential for trail connections to neighboring communities, if so desired.

Mount Lindo has diverse topography that includes beautiful meadows, scenic views of the Plains, and steep rock cliffs that allow for challenging climbing. A wealth of vegetative and wildlife species are found on Mount Lindo, including north face forests, mature Gambel oak communities, and an abundance of unique wildlife that thrive amidst the heavy cover and small openings.

Location: Mount Lindo is located south of Highway 285 at Turkey Creek Road near Tiny Town (see Figure 5a).

Chronology of Development: The Mount Glennon trail and stairs beginning at the Soda Lakes Road parking lot in Morrison was completed in 2008. Beyond that, development on the properties is currently restricted to signage and partial fencing.

Amenities: * There are no facilities currently at Mount Lindo or the Stafford Hogback; however, there is some fencing on Mount Lindo: * West boundary high tensile fence * Right-of-way fence along north boundary, paralleling Highway 285 * Mount Glennon has a trail with stairs from the parking area on Soda Lakes Road to the bouldering area above.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 4: Mount Falcon Park Jefferson County Open Space 67 2013

Park Capacity: A park capacity has not been established for this Park.

Acreage: Mount Lindo Park is approximately 823 acres. The Mount Glennon Hogback and the Stafford Hogback have been included in this Management Plan with acreages of 350 and 115 respectively.

Historical Background: Not far from the current location of Mount Lindo and Tiny Town on South Turkey Creek Road is the Medlen School, built in 1886. This local, one-room log schoolhouse was moved across the road and covered with siding in about 1900. The school was the center of activity for the tiny community known as Medlen for many years, eventually housing the town library, meetings and community gatherings.

During the consolidation of many local schools in the early 1950's, Medlen School was closed and was deeded to the South Turkey Creek Improvement Association. It continued to be a center for community activities for many years. The building was eventually abandoned until it was given to the Jefferson County Historical Society in 1992. The Society, through its own funding and grants from the State Historical Society of Colorado, has restored the school and it is now used in the summer months for educational programs.

In 1958, Francis Van Derbur purchased 800 acres on Mount Lindo from the Glendale Investment Company. Mr. Van Derbur took his father to the mountain to discuss plans for a cemetery there. They watched the lights of Denver come on in the early evening and Mr. Van Derbur‟s father suggested that he should be buried in a lighted mausoleum at the top of the mountain that could be seen by his wife. Sturgeon Electric Company eventually built the lighted cross that is now in position on a private property inholding on Mount Lindo. Both of Mr. Van Derbur‟s parents are buried at the head of the cross. The cemetery was actually opened in March 1965 and is owned by Olinger Mortuaries.

Acquired: The first portions of Mount Lindo were donated by the Fields family. Approximately 31 acres were donated in December of 1991 and 4 acres in 1998. The Open Space Advisory Committee (OSAC) passed Resolutions #80-90 and #42-97, correspondingly, which stated that the parcels would be suitable for preservation of medium wildlife habitat, a trail corridor and expansion of Mount Lindo Park (see Figure 5b).

In 1993, OSAC approved Resolution #88-93 for the acquisition of approximately 507 acres from the Trust for Public Land. In addition, Resolution #101-94, also from the Trust for Public Land, allows for the acquisition of approximately 225 acres. Both of these resolutions reference that the properties would be acquired for scenic, wildlife and vegetation preservation of the Turkey Creek Canyon, the Mountain Backdrop and possible future public use.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 68 2013

The final acquisition for Mount Lindo was from the Bear Creek Development Corporation. The parcel is approximately 57 acres in size and was approved by the Board of County Commissioners Resolution # CC98-756.

Mount Glennon:  Approximately 23 acres, 1981, from the Bear Creek Development Corporation.  Approximately 30 acres, 1981, from the Jenkins.  Approximately 24 acres, 1981, from the Jenkins.  Approximately 5 acres, 1981, from G. Pallaoro.  Approximately 235 acres, 1981, from A. Pallaoro.  Approximately 17 acres, 1982, from the Zietz‟s.  Approximately 4 acres, 1999, from the Ellis‟s.  Approximately 12 acres, year unknown, in a two parcel trade with the Colorado Department of Transportation.

Stafford Hogback:  Approximately 115 acres, 1995, from the Staffords.

Natural and Cultural Resources: The following is a synopsis of the natural and cultural resources found at Mount Lindo Park, Mount Glennon and the Stafford Hogback.

Mount Lindo: 1. Four different plant community types Gamble oak/mountain mahogany  Serves as elk and deer winter range  Considered imperiled by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program  Located on lower, moderate to steep slopes having a southern aspect  Douglas fir/Gamble oak  Forest type of the lower foothills  Occurs on upper, moderate to steep slopes having a southern aspect  Has high thermal cover for many big game species  Douglas fir/mountain ninebark  Provides thermal cover for elk and deer  Located on slopes with north and northwest aspects  Douglas fir/mountain mahogany  Important for wildlife  Provides food, water and cover for a variety of wildlife 2. Five major noxious weeds – Active management program in place  Leafy spurge has infested small portions of the park  Musk thistle is scattered throughout, mainly in drier areas  Scotch thistle is present in isolated areas  Canada thistle is found in the drainages and wetter areas  Dalmatian toadflax Is mainly located along the upper slopes

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 69 2013  Staff will continue to review current research that addresses the control of all plants 3. Native and Rare plants  Little bluestem grass patches are found on the south side of Park  Small population of columbines are located in various areas  Wood lilies are located on the south and west side  Important vegetative value 4. Wildlife attributes  Mule deer herd  Black bear fall feeding areas  Elk utilize areas with southern aspects during winters with above normal snowfall amounts  Golden eagles utilize the cliffs along Highway 285  Coopers hawks nest in the Douglas fir/mountain ninebark community  Preble‟s meadow jumping mice may be found in the Bear Creek drainage

5. In October of 1997, Paragon Archaeological Consultants Inc., conducted a cultural resource inventory of Mount Glennon. This inventory was completed to identify any significant historic resources or sites located within the property boundaries and to evaluate them for their eligibility for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and/or the Colorado State Register of Historic Places (CSRHP).

Eight sites and three isolated finds were identified, including two that may be eligible for listing in the NRHP, pending further research. This is based on criteria “a” and “d,” set forth in the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966: a) “that are associated with events that have made a significant contribution to the broad patterns of our history; and/or d) that have yielded, or may be likely to yield information important in prehistory or history.”

One of the two sites may be of historic habitation. Archival research and test excavation is recommended to obtain the necessary data to determine NRHP eligibility. Until such actions are undertaken, avoidance and preservation of the site is recommended. The other site is the old Morrison Dump and contains buried cultural deposits, which may date to the earliest occupation of the Town. The same recommendation applies to this site. The other nine sites do not meet any of the National Register criteria for evaluation and therefore, are not eligible for inclusion for NRHP.

In addition, a Class III Cultural Resource Inventory was completed in November of 1998 for Mount Lindo Park. Three isolated finds were discovered during this study. By definition, isolated finds are not considered significant cultural properties and are therefore not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. However, due to dense surface vegetation and undisturbed soils on and surrounding one find limited shovel probing is recommended to rule out the possibility that a buried, intact prehistoric site is present at this location. Apart from this limited subsurface probing, no further actions are recommended for Mount Lindo Park.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 70 2013

Mount Glennon: 1. Two different plant community types  Rocky Mountain juniper/mountain mahogany woodland  Mountain-mahogany/needle and thread shrubland 2. Noxious weeds  Dalmatian toadflax, musk thistle and knapweed 3. Wildlife include, mule deer

Stafford Hogback: 1. The plant community consists primarily of Mountain mahogany/needle and thread shrub land 2. Noxious weeds  Musk thistle, spotted knapweed, dalmation toadflax and mullein 3. Wildlife includes Swainson‟s Hawk

Activities: Although there are no official parking area to access Mount Lindo, Jefferson County Open Space has been granted an access easement for access and parking in the lot across from Tiny Town on North Turkey Creek Road. From this location there are a series of social trails used to hike, bike, walk the dog and watch for wildlife. Rock climbing in an area called “Lovers Leap” is also a popular activity. This area is accessed from a Highway 285 pull-off south of the Morrison Exit.

Visitation and Use Trends: To date, no data have been collected on Mount Lindo or the other two properties included in this Plan. Additionally, visitation is difficult to predict due to the lack of development and trails.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 71 2013 Figure 5a: Mount Lindo Park Location Map Figure 1. Mount Lindo Location Map

Arvada

Wheat Ridge Golden

Lakewood

Morrison

Evergreen

Conifer

1/16/09 D:/Data/ArcGIS9/PMP/MTL/mtl_loc_map.mxd

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 72 2013 Figure 5b: Mount Lindo Park Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 73 2013

Figure 5c: Mount Lindo Park Acquisition History Map

D:\Data\ArcGIS9\PMP\MTL\mtl_acq_hist.mxd

HOGBACK

STAFFORD

116 acres 116

May, 1995 May,

June, 1999; 4 acres

Part of 13 above**

June, 1988; 13 acres**

235 acres

May, 1981 May,

March, 1981; 5.00 acres

17 acres17

May, 1982 May,

MOUNT

GLENNON

23 acres23

June, 1981

54 acres54

June, 1981

1/16/2009

225 acres

508 acres

April, 1995

December, 1995 December,

MOUNT LINDO

57 acres57

March, 1999

Acquisitions history Acquisitions

Fig. 2: MOUNT LINDO Fig. 2:

2 acres

December, 1998 December,

2 acres

December, 1998 December,

31 acres31

December, 1991 December, Sources: Jefferson CountyOpenSpace. Jefferson Sources:

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 74 2013 Figure 5d: Mount Lindo Park Opportunities and Constraints Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 75 2013 Management Context:

This section identifies and describes the management units that have been designated for Mount Lindo Park (see Figure 5e).

Sensitive Area Management Unit: All species of wildlife, even those that are adaptable and visible, require some degree of undisturbed space and time for certain aspects of their life history (breeding, foraging, resting, hiding, etc.). If portions of the landscape are available with little to no disturbance, these species will utilize them as needed and thus continue to occupy and utilize the entire landscape. Eventually, those species of wildlife that are adaptive will become part of the more visible watchable wildlife that the public has come to observe and enjoy on Open Space parks.

For the Mount Lindo Management Plan, there are no Sensitive or Parkland Recreation Service Management Unit designations.

Natural Area Management Unit: Below is the justification for designating Mount Lindo Park a Natural Area in its entirety.

1. Mount Lindo Park is designated as a Natural Area Management Unit, primarily because the Park has no facilities to accommodate public use. Mount Glennon has a minimum amount of development that consists of the trail and stairs originating at the Soda Lakes Road parking lot. The Stafford hogback is undeveloped at this time. These parcels will remain in their natural state, with minor modifications and with minimal management. Figure 5e: Mount Lindo Park MUD Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 76 2013 Fig. 4: MOUNT LINDO MANAGEMENT UNIT DESIGNATIONS

Mount Glennon Property

Mount Falcon Park (DMP)

(DMP)

Stafford DMP Property

Mount Lindo Park Willow Springs RTC Open Space Property Owners Assoc.

0.6 0.3 0 0.6 Miles

1:36,000 Ken-Caryl Ranch Jefferson County Open Space Master Assoc. Natural area Streets Leased to Foothills P&R Dist. Trails Denver Mountain Parks Hydrography Willow Springs

Sources: Jefferson County Open Space and Jefferson County IT Dept. 1/29/09 D:\Data\ArcGIS9\PMP\MTL\mtl_mud_map.mxd

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 77 2013 Mount Lindo Leases, Easements, Contracts and Agreements: Jefferson County Open Space often enters into agreements with other public and private organizations and individuals on behalf of a park. These agreements sometimes help the park to fulfill its recreational or stewardship objectives while providing a service or benefit to the other party. Agreements of this type are legally binding, and as a result, form a critical element of a park‟s legal and policy context. Leases, easements, contracts and agreements entered into on behalf of this park are outlined in Table 3 below.

TABLE 5a: MOUNT LINDO LEASES, LICENSES, EASEMENTS, CONTRACTS AND AGREEMENTS Agreement Type Agreeing Parties Description Location Power line easement Xcel Energy Easement to allow power line to service water Reception treatment facility. #F1484131 Road easement Service Corporation Allows vehicular/maintenance access to Mount Reception International (SCI) Lindo by road to cemetery at the top of Mount Lindo #F0047518 (Owns Olinger Mortuaries) Water line & Colorado Cemeteries 100 feet wide, retained by Colorado Cemeteries As shown on Open overhead power line Incorporated Space survey easement Easement Indian Hills Water Water Treatment Facility Reception # District F1047339 Access easement Agard Allows the Agards to access their parcel Book 2515, page 62

Utility easement Intermountain Rural 50‟ wide utility easement Book 1042, page 13 Electric Association (IREA) Mining rights Georgia Pacific Allows Georgia Pacific to mine gypsum on the NW Book 127, page 171 Corporation ¼ and SW ¼ of NE ¼ of section 12. The E ½ of the ¼ of section 2 & the SE ¼ of the NE ¼ of section 2. Access restriction CDOT Imposed access restriction by CDOT along common Book 1875, page 124 boundary on Mount Glennon Right-of-way Harriman Ditch Ditch runs east/west through north part of Mount Book 12, page 360 Glennon Utility easement Public Service Co. Granted on Mount Glennon Reception # 87138348 Slope easement CDOT Covers east end of Mount Glennon property Reception # 86093036 Mineral rights Unity Investment Co. Reserved by Unity Investment for Mount Glennon Book 534, Page 408 Easement Public Service Granted for communication equipment Reception # Satellite Consortium 81027220 Parking license Bear Creek Allows the County to build a parking lot for public Reception #s agreement Development Corp. use at County‟s expense. F0834225 & F0834226

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 78 2013

Work Plan Summary:

The “issue-driven” actions identified in the Actions Map (see Figure 5f) correspond alpha-numerically to the “ Actions Items,” portions of this chapter. The Actions Map shows the temporal relationship between the issues.

Definitions:

1) System-wide Priority Criteria

A decision whether to implement a particular management action is based on system-wide priorities, which are derived from the following criteria:

 Universal Accessibility/life safety/public health  Resource protection  Special studies/planning  Cyclic maintenance

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Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 80 2013 Figure 5f: Actions Map

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 81 2013 Action Items:

An explanation of identified issues specific to Mount Lindo Park and the actions proposed to resolve them follow. The issues and actions articulated below correspond alpha-numerically to Figure 5f. Implementation of the preferred management options may be limited by staffing and/or budget constraints.

There are no high priority actions scheduled for 2012.

Mount Lindo Trailhead Development: B.1. Contact Bear Creek Development Corp. per our agreement with them to build a parking lot. B.2. Design a 10-15 space parking lot. B.3. Construct parking lot. Construction date of the natural surface parking area has not yet been determined, but it will not begin in 2009. This lot will be accessible from South Turkey Creek Road through the parking area across from Tiny Town.

Mount Lindo Trail Development: C.1. Design new loop trail contingent on „B‟ series. Design a conceptual alignment of the loop trail. An updated design will be required before construction can commence. C.2. Construct loop trail contingent upon „B‟ series. Upon completion of C.1., trail construction will begin. Trail length is estimated at about 1.5

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 82 2013

Discussion Items:

Although the following discussion items were not considered issues by Open Space staff, they are included here for the administrative record. (Note the most recent items are listed first).

1. In 2011 the following items were noted: A. That in order to better notify the public of our property limits we may want to install park boundary signs on the south side of the creek, off CO Hwy 285. B. Trail Services has plans to document the social trails via GPS catalog analysis in Fall 2011 or Spring 2012.

2. It was determined during the 2010 PMP team meeting that the following actions be removed from the Actions Map and Resource Allocation Table (RAT): A.1. Improved access to the Lover‟s Leap climbing area off of Highway 285 is needed. To accomplish this objective, staff will first need to design a trail to the climbing area. Staff will contact CDOT to ensure an understanding of our plans for improvements. A.2. Construct a trail to the climbing area, based on approved design.

3. During our annual PMP team meeting in August, 2010, there was some favorable support for this property to be a park where there is either mountain biking only or hiking that doesn‟t allow dogs.

4. During our annual PMP team meeting in September, 2009, Acquisitions gave a brief update on the Pallero property. A portion of this property is being leased for telecommunication facilities that are not owned or operated by the County. They have been notified that they need to process a formal request for easement, license or lease for such utilities on Open Space property.

5. CDOT has been contacted regarding JCOS plans to improve trail to climbing area. Lisa de Graaf spoke with Jerry Brechlin on 11/8/04. Jerry stated that CDOT has no plans to sign this pullout with “no parking“ signs and has no opposition for recreational use on Mount Lindo. The design and construction of trail for access to the climbing area have been previously identified as actions A.1 and A.2, respectively.

6. Willow Springs HOA has been contacted regarding access issue. It is their desire not to have a spur trail to the private open space they own. A fence and with closure signage will be placed on our boundary where a social trail currently allows them access. There is no fence blocking access to Mount Lindo Park from Willow Springs at this time (2008).

7. The design and construction of a small parking area on Bear Creek Development

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 83 2013 Corp. (BCDC) property south of tiny town, has been delayed until 2009, or later. Our agreement with BCD allows us to create a parking area at this location. Contact will need to be made prior to the construction of the lot (2008).

8. The Mount Glennon and Stafford hogbacks have been designated by Colorado State Parks as Natural Areas, per the State Natural Areas Program. No additional management occurs due to this designation.

9. Two Eagle Nests are located on cliffs visible from Highway 285. They appear to be occupied at this time; however, the Eagles are not breeding at these locations. Natural Resources staff will continue to monitor the two nests.

10. In October of 1997, Paragon Archaeological Consultants Inc., conducted a cultural resource inventory of Mount Glennon. One of the two eligible sites may be of historic habitation. Archival research and test excavation is recommended to obtain the necessary data to determine NRHP eligibility. Until such actions are under- taken, avoidance and preservation of the site is recommended. The other site is the old Morrison Dump and contains buried cultural deposits, which may date to the earliest occupation of the Town. The same recommendation applies to this site.

In addition, a Class III Cultural Resource Inventory was completed in November of 1998 for Mount Lindo. Three isolated finds were discovered during this study. By definition, isolated finds are not considered significant cultural properties and are therefore not eligible for inclusion in the National Register of Historic Places. Apart from this limited subsurface probing, no further actions are recommended for the Mount Lindo Open Space Park.

11. Seek acquisition of the Atkins parcel (book 1501, page 281) on Mount Glennon. This is the “missing link” in Mount Glennon and by acquiring it, Open Space would then own most of the area.

12. The property on the northeastern side of Mount Glennon, owned by the Church of AHL Incorporated, is an approved project (OS95-037). However attempts to contact the owners by letters via the U.S. Postal Service have received no response.

13. A trail alignment on Mount Glennon and the Stafford hogback is currently identified as a Potential Trail Corridor in the Open Space Master Plan. This trail potentially links Matthews/Winters Open Space Park, Red Rocks Trail, and the Town of Morrison with the Ken-Caryl area and South Valley Open Space.

14. A mount of rocks scattered about on Mount Glennon has inspired a local author, Sal Trento, to include them in his book, “Field Guide to Mysterious Places of the West.” We will continue to monitor this area to determine whether natural resource degradation is occurring.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Chapter 5: Mount Lindo Park Jefferson County Open Space 84 2013

Appendix A: Jefferson County Open Space Management Designations System

Jefferson County Open Space (JCOS) implements a Management Unit Designation (MUD) system as an integrated approach by which land and water areas are classified according to ecosystem and cultural resource protection requirements, and their capability and suitability to provide opportunities for visitor experiences. It is one part of an array of management strategies used by Open Space to assist in maintaining ecological integrity through a framework for the area-specific application of policy directions, such as for resource management, appropriate activities, and research. As such, Management Units provide a designation for park managers and park visitors alike. The application of Management Units requires sound information related to ecosystem structure, function and sensitivity, as well as opportunities and impacts of existing and potential visitor experiences.

The MUD system provides a means to reflect principles of ecological integrity by protecting park lands and resources and ensuring a minimum of human-induced change. In certain Open Space parks not all Management Units will be represented. In some cases, Special Protection Areas (SPAs), such as environmental or cultural areas, may be created when unique management is warranted. Park management teams will denote the SPA with the resource(s) to be addressed (e.g. Lichen Rock Garden SPA) and include the specific management actions necessary for the protection and use of such areas or sites (e.g. N.3, Enforce stay on trail requirement). The process to create a SPA is analogous to the creation of issue-driven actions (with details in Chapter IV, Management Directions, of the PMP), along with the need to map and label the specific location and boundaries of the SPA on the Concept Plan. A SPA may be removed if the management objectives have been accomplished or the underlying MUD is sufficient to manage the resource(s). This Special Protection Area will complement the Management Unit system and is important to the protection of unique and valued resources. Likewise, a temporal management technique (e.g., seasonal closures) may be considered for certain areas as part of the management planning program.

The following three Management Unit Designations (MUDs) and associated guidelines serve to, first, provide a linkage between the “vision” of the Jefferson County Open Space Master Plan and the park or field-level management plans; second, define the JCOS “system;” and finally, provide management guidance for the different types of lands within JCOS.

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Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 86 2013

RECREATION SERVICES AND AMENITIES NATURAL AREA SENSITIVE AREA AREA GOAL STATEMENT GOAL STATEMENT GOAL STATEMENT The intent of this management designation is to provide The intent of this management The intent of this management designation is to services and amenities to the visiting public. While designation is to provide provide opportunities to maintain portions of JCOS assuring the ecological integrity and long-term opportunities for relatively large, that are very special, fragile, biodiverse and in need sustainability of the natural resources, outdoor contiguous portions of JCOS to of preservation and protection. Ecological and recreation opportunities provide social interaction and remain as naturally operating cultural resources are to be managed for information to enjoy and learn about the natural and ecosystems and for habitat preservation versus conservation. These areas may cultural resources found in JCOS. Visitor conveniences, conservation to be balanced with serve as sanctuaries, as outdoor museums for education programs, facilities and other amenities such public recreation. To the extent archaeological and historic resources, or as outdoor as trailheads, parking lots, trails, restrooms and shelters compatible, moderate trail-based classrooms for educational and research purposes. may be provided, if they are needed and complement outdoor recreation opportunities may Preservation and protection of naturally operating the provision of high quality nature-based outdoor be provided to those seeking social ecosystems are the paramount considerations for recreation opportunities, and will generally be interaction, to experience the sights, these areas. Since public use will be restricted, concentrated and located at public accesses on the sounds, and smells of nature, and to guided interpretive services may be available. The periphery of JCOS parks. experience limited outdoor area will be posted as a Sensitive Area. amenities.

A Special Protection Area (SPA) can be thought of as an overlay to a Management Unit Designation (MUD), created to address any unique item that requires special management actions, such as but not limited to: safety, a park access issue, natural resource concerns or restoration opportunities, cultural or environmental issues, biodiversity enhancement, time sensitive implications, a political imperative, other management consequences or SPECIAL PROTECTION opportunities. An SPA can be created within any MUD when specific resources, that are deemed significant, AREA (SPA) face real or potential impacts or opportunities that warrant special management actions. Given the preservation and protection already provided within a Sensitive Area, it is unlikely that a SPA will be needed. An effort at restoration, however, could be an applicable use of special management actions in a SPA. Specific location(s) and boundaries will be shown on the Concept Plan with the SPA labeled to denote the resource(s) in need of protection or special management. Issue-driven actions will be formulated to address the SPA.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 2013 87 APPENDIX A: Recreation Services and Natural Sensitive Amenities Areas Areas Areas

GUIDELINES

Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Notes Refer to the Outdoor Recreation Management Recreational Uses Guidelines and Uses Allowed on designated trails Endorsed On-trail Uses X X X only. Could be monitored for Endorsed Off-trail Uses X X X impacts.

Allowed at designated sites, subject to size restrictions, Special Activities X X X permit required. Could be monitored for Endorsed Water-based Uses X X X impacts. Pre-existing uses must be compatible with the goals Pre-Existing Uses X X X established for these areas. Off-road Motorized Vehicles X X X

Interpretation Supervised program for educational and scientific purposes within Sensitive Nature Study/Research X X X Area. Supervised program for educational and scientific purposes within Sensitive Educational Programs X X X Area.

Facilities/Design

Preferred location is Parkland Kiosks X X X Recreation Service Areas. Provided in accordance with Interpretive Waysides/Exhibits X X X interpretive plans.

Preferred location is Parkland Memorials/Recognitions X X X Recreation Service Areas.

Preferred location is Parkland Recreation Service Areas and prefer gravel surface in Parking X X X Natural Areas. In Sensitive Area closure and other notices may be on the Signs/Signage X X X boundary.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 88 2013 APPENDIX A: Recreation Services and Natural Sensitive Amenities Areas Areas

GUIDELINES Areas

Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed If paved surfaceNotes prefer Parkland Recreation Service Trail Surface X X X Area location; primarily Trail Bridges/Boardwalks X X X Prefer the majority of facilities Facilities (shelters, benches, in the Parkland Recreation restrooms, etc.) X X X Service Areas.

Preserve when possible, cost effective, and interpretation is Historical structures X X X a key component May be removed if not Existing facilities/structures X X X compatible, historic, safe. Not typically provided given monitoring requirements, but possible with water line Drinking water facilities X X X connection.

Wildlife

In consultation with DOW mitigation measures may be Mitigate Nuisance Wildlife X X X taken with minimal impact. In cooperation with DOW if Fish Stocking X X X appropriate.

Habitat enhancement may be undertaken to restore natural Habitat Enhancement X X X ecological processes. In cooperation with DOW if Releasing Wildlife X X X appropriate. Promote, enhance and Endangered or Threatened & CO protect habitat used by these Species of Concern X X X species. May be a resource management tool when Hunting X X X authorized. May be a resource management tool when Trapping X X X authorized.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 89 2013 APPENDIX A:

Recreation Services and Natural Sensitive Amenities Areas Areas

GUIDELINES Areas

Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Notes Removal only if posing a Trees/Shrubs Pruning/Removal X X X hazardous condition. Native species may be planted for ecological and Vegetation Management X X X management reasons.

In accordance with County Fire Management X X X Wildfire Mitigation Ordinance. To promote diversity, improve forest health and/or Forest Management X X X ecological restoration. In accordance with Army Corps of Engineers regs. & Wetland Protection X X X for ecological functions. Typically not compatible but may be used where Grazing X X X appropriate. An allowable management tool to assure quality Closed Areas X X X resource protection.

General Maintenance For weed control, grassland restoration and vegetation Mowing X X X management projects. Fencing may be erected or removed for visitor and ecological management Fencing X X X reasons.

Regulatory Receive County permits for all grading related activity if Grading X X X required. Document FSTAG Accessibility X X X recommendations.

Natural Resource Management As outlined in the CO and Jeffco Noxious Weed Noxious Weed Control X X X Management Act and Plan. Control as outlined in the Pest Management X X X Pest Control Act. Other Undesirable Weeds X X X

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 90 2013 APPENDIX A: Recreation Services and Natural Sensitive Amenities Areas Areas

GUIDELINES Areas

Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Conditional Allowed Not Allowed Notes Other Easements can be allowed or maintained if they are Easements Granted X X X compatible. Leases can be allowed or maintained if they are in the Leases Granted X X X best interests of JCOS.

Posting of public notices must Posting Notices X X X serve a JCOS purpose. Typically for muddy trails or other public safety and Temporary Closures X X X resource protection need.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 91 2013

Appendix B: Operational Documents Used in Park Management

Planning & Development:

Design and Development:  Design Guidelines  Open Space Sign Manual

Planning:  Current Open Space Master Plan  Open Space Preservation Concepts Priority List

Administration and Education Services:

Lookout Mountain Nature Center:  Open Space Interpretive Media Plan  Group Program Plan  Public Services Plan  Guiding Principles for Interpretive Services

Visitor & Resource Protection:  Recreation & Visitor Management Plan  Park Patrol Plans  Colorado Revised Statutes  Open Space Rules & Regulations  Ranger Operations Manual

Park Operations:

Park Services:  Open Space Fence and Posting Standard Operating Procedures  Jefferson County Open Space Maintenance Standards Manual

Trails Services:  Natural Surface Trail Management Guidelines

Natural Resources Management:  Resource Management Concepts

Park Construction:  Jefferson County Open Space Building Maintenance and Construction Standards and Guidelines

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix A Jefferson County Open Space 92 2013 Appendix C: Laws and Regulations

Jefferson County Open Space operates within a framework of laws and regulations that govern jurisdictional behavior. Interpretation of, and compliance with these laws and regulations requires sound and thoughtful judgment. The state and federal laws and county regulations that are applicable to county Open Space lands with which park staff should be familiar before taking action are presented below.

LAWS AND REGULATIONS Number Title Description Colorado Noxious CRS 35-5.5 Weed State law that requires control of noxious weeds. Management Act CRS 35-4-107 Pest Control Act State law that enables the County to require control of pests. Federal law that makes it unlawful to import, export, take, sell, purchase, or barter any Bald and Golden 16 USC 668- Bald or Golden Eagle, their parts, products, nests, or eggs. “Take” includes pursuing, Eagle Protection 668C shooting, poisoning, wounding, killing, capturing, trapping, collecting, molesting or Act disturbing the eagles. Federal law that makes it unlawful to import, export, take, sell, purchase, or barter any 16 USC 703- Migratory Bird migratory bird, their parts, products, nests, or eggs. “Take” includes pursuing, shooting, 712 Treaty Act poisoning, wounding, killing, capturing, trapping, collecting, molesting or disturbing migratory birds. 16 USC 1531- Endangered Federal law that makes it unlawful to take, possess, sell, or transport endangered 1544 Species Act species. Historic Federal law establishing a program for the preservation of Historic Properties 16 USC 470 Preservation Act of throughout the Nation. 1966 Protection and Executive Order stating that the Federal Government shall provide leadership in Exec. Order Enhancement of preserving, restoring, and maintaining the historic and cultural environment of the 11593 the Cultural Nation. Environment 16 USC 431- Antiquities Act of Federal law that makes it unlawful to appropriate, excavate, injure, or destroy any 433 1906 historic or prehistoric ruin or monument, or any object of antiquity without permission. Federal Native 25 USC 3001- American Graves Federal law establishing requirements for the treatment of Native American human 13 Protection and remains and sacred or cultural objects. Repatriation Act Federal law that guarantees equal opportunities in the areas of employment, state and local government services, public accommodations, and telecommunications. Public Law 101- Americans with Guidelines include: Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines, 336 Disabilities Act Recreational Facilities Accessibility Guidelines, Outdoor Developed Areas Accessibility Guidelines. Regulation 7, Emissions of Air Quality By authority of Federal Clean Air Act, State regulation stipulating requirements for Volatile Organic Control storage and transfer of volatile organic compounds. Compounds Commission Regulation 8, Control of Air Quality Hazardous Air By authority of Federal Clean Air Act, State regulation stipulating requirements for Control Pollutants, Part B asbestos abatement. Commission Asbestos Regulation 19, Air Quality Lead Based Paint By authority of Federal Clean Air Act, State regulation stipulating requirements for Control Abatement individuals and firms engaged in lead-based paint activities. Commission Public Law 92- Clean Water Act Federal law governing pollution in the nation‟s streams, lakes, and estuaries. 500

Ranch Region Management Plan Appendix B Jefferson County Open Space 93 2013 Number Title Description Section of Clean Water Act authorizing the Secretary of the Army to issue permits for Section 404 of Permits and the discharge of dredged or fill material into the navigable waters at specified disposal PL 92-500 Licenses sites. Regulation 61, Point Source Water Quality Discharge and By authority of Federal Clean Water Act, State regulations that apply to all operations Control Control discharging to waters of the State from a point source. Commission Regulations State Highway Access Code, By authority of the Federal Highway Administration, State law regulating vehicular 2 CCR 601-1 Colorado access to or from any public highway. Department of Transportation 1988 Edition of Uniform Traffic MUTCD, Control Devices, By authority of the Federal Highway Administration, State law regulating traffic control Revision 3, Colorado devices. September 3, Department of 1993 Transportation Jefferson County County Planning and Zoning regulations. A complete listing can be found at Development http://206.247.49.21/ext/dpt/public_works/planning/zoning/build-permit-chklist.htm Process

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix C Jefferson County Open Space 94 2013

Appendix D: Stakeholders and Constituencies

Park management often involves the need to work closely with individuals and organizations that care about the public resource. The “stakeholders” may be park users; they may be neighbors; or they may be persons who are simply interested in the park‟s resources and who desire those resources to be managed in a certain way for certain outcomes. This table lists known stakeholders and constituencies. They should be informed of significant developments or changes that might occur in or for the park.

BEAR CREEK REGION STAKEHOLDERS AND CONSTITUENCIES Name of Contact Person Phone #, FAX Description of Interest in Address, E-mail Address Organization (as of 10/02) # Park(s) Art for the Mountain Sam Smith, P.O. Box 3657 Placed “The Foreman” statue community President Evergreen CO 80437 in front of museum; sponsors artwork throughout Evergreen area Bear Creek Jeff Bradley 1717 Washington Golden, CO 303-278-3300 Neighboring property owner, Development feeholder & Agreement Corporation CDOT Dave Schuessler 18500 East Colfax Ave 303-279-1867 Maintenance of State Highway Highway Maint Aurora,80011 (ph) 74 Supervisor, 303-279-6192 Region 1 Sect 5 (fax) CDOT Allen Miller 18500 E. Colfax Aurora 303-750-9654 Highway 285 road maintenance & property owner. Access agreement Center for the Arts Steve Sumner, P.O. Box 2737 303-674-0056 Collaborates on events, Evergreen Executive Director Evergreen, CO 80437 publicity [email protected] Colorado Division of Paul Winkle 6060 Broadway 303-291- Quality of stream, and Wildlife Aquatic Biologist Denver 80216 7232(ph improvements Denver Metro 303-291-7114 County Highway & 303-271-8457 Transportation management Transportation Department Denver Mountain Unknown 945 S. Huron Denver, CO 303-697-4545 Neighboring property owner & Parks Management Agreement Evergreen Chamber Lin Browning, Evergreen Chamber of 303-674-3412 Assists with publicity and of Commerce Director Commerce community networking P.O. Box 97 Evergreen CO 80437 Evergreen Garden Lucy Gingley, PO Box 1393 303-679-9921 Maintains museum gardens Club President Evergreen CO 80437 Evergreen Parks & Scott Robson, Evergreen Recreation Center 720-880-1011 Cooperates in community Recreation District Executive Director 5300 S. Olive Rd. events, loans equipment, helps publicize Hiwan Evergreen CO 80439 activities, etc. [email protected] Evergreen Rotary Gretchen P.O. Box 3057 Donates to museum activities Club MacArthur, Evergreen CO 80437 President George & Louie P.O. Box 3 Molina, CO Property owner – Mount Pallaoro 81645 Glennon Indian Hills Fire Emery Garson 303-697-4568 Fire Management organization District

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix C Jefferson County Open Space 95 2013 Name of Contact Person Phone #, FAX Description of Interest in Address, E-mail Address Organization (as of 10/02) # Park(s) Indian Hills Water Randy Evans P.O. Box 170 303-697-8810 Neighboring property owner District Intermountain Rural Dennis Williams 13404 Old Hwy 285, P.O. Box 303-674-6879, Easement Agreement Electric Association 117 Conifer, 80433 Fax 303-838- 0944 Jeffco Highways & 100 Jeffco Pkwy., Golden 303-271-8457 Transportation 80401 Jeffco Road & 21401 Golden Gate Canyon 303-271-5200 Maintenance of road to west Bridge Rd., Golden 80403 entrance of the park Jeffco Sheriff‟s office 200 Jeffco Pkwy., 303-271-0211 Security/law enforcement Golden 80401 Jefferson County Diane Fuchs, PO Box 703 303-670-0784 Major support group funding Historical Society President Evergreen CO 80437 exhibits, education programs, providing volunteers, etc. Jefferson County Priscilla Winter, Evergreen Public Library 303-674-0780 Collaborates in presenting Library system Manager of Highway 73 & Buffalo Park Rd. programs and exhibits Evergreen Library Evergreen 80439 Jefferson County Brian Loney, 1829 Denver West Dr. 303-982-6987 Advises on program School system Social Studies Golden CO 80401 curriculum and outreach programming Lariat Loop Heritage Joe Tempel, Dinosaur Ridge Visitor center 303-697-DINO Participates in regional Alliance President 16831 W. Alameda Pkwy. historical events and assists in publicizing museum Morrison CO 80465 Lutheran Church of Philip Reimers, 28253 Meadow Dr. 303-674-4130 Shares parking lot and the Cross Pastor Evergreen CO 80439 coordinates activities with museum [email protected] Olinger Mortuaries David Martinez 7777-A 29th Ave. Wheat 303-921-4528 Easement agreement & Ridge, CO inholding property owner 80033 R-1 Schools Kathy Tully POB 4001 303-982-6755 Educational programs Golden 80401 (ph) 303-982-6804 (fax) Town of Morrison Kathy Dicther 321 Highway 8 Morrison, CO 303-697-8749 Nearby Municipality 80465 West Metro Fire Bob Brown 445 S. Allison Lakewood 303-989-4307 Fire Management organization Rescue District Willow Springs Jeff Warren 5323 Golf Course Morrison, 303-697-5898 Neighboring property owner Home Owner 80465 Association Xcel Energy Harry Swinhart 550 15th Street Denver, CO 303-571-7292 Easement agreement & neighboring property owner

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix D Jefferson County Open Space 96 2013

GLOSSARY: ACRONYMS AND TERMS USED IN THIS PLAN

ACRONYMS TERMS ADA - Americans with Disabilities Act Hard-surface trail: Trails with asphalt or concrete surfaces. Hard-surface trails CDOT - Colorado Department of are typically constructed by external Transportation contractors.

CPW – Colorado Parks and Wildlife Natural-surface trail: Trail developed from on-site materials and/or local soils. This DWB - Denver Water Board could also include importation of aggregate materials (e.g., crusher fines HCP - Habitat Conservation Plan or road base) for trail surface. Natural- surface trail construction is typically IGA - Intergovernmental Agreement accomplished in-house.

IPM - Integrated Pest Management Trailhead: Point of origin that provides information and access to a trail system. JCOS - Jefferson County Open Space More intensely managed trailheads provide parking and information. OSAC - Open Space Advisory Committee Interpretation: A specialized communication process that aims to provoke and inspire ROW - Right of Way visitors to appreciate, learn more, or understand the object, topic, event, or REM - Resource Evaluation Management site that is being interpreted, and act responsibly when interacting with natural or cultural resources.

Parks Management Planning Team: A team composed of representatives from various Open Space sections that is responsible for Management Plan development and implementation.

Open Space Management Team: A team comprised of the director and managers from each Open Space section.

REM: A framework to establish and manage specific natural, cultural and recreational resource issues. Resource monitoring provides a flow of information that may

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Appendix D Jefferson County Open Space 97 2013 indicate a need to alter or adapt management.

Bear Creek Region Management Plan Glossary Jefferson County Open Space 98 2013