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A Look at the History of Calligraphy in Decoration of Mosques in Iran: 630-1630 AD Cengiz Tavşan, Niloufar Akbarzadeh
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Architectural and Environmental Engineering Vol:12, No:3, 2018 A Look at the History of Calligraphy in Decoration of Mosques in Iran: 630-1630 AD Cengiz Tavşan, Niloufar Akbarzadeh as strength, comfort and expansion. Throughout history, Abstract—Architecture in Iran has a continuous history from at Iranian architecture had its own originality and simplicity. All least 5000 BC to the present, and numerous Iranian pre-Islamic parts of Iran, especially villages and ancient monuments are elements have contributed significantly to the formation of Islamic like a live but old book of art and architecture, history, which art. At first, decoration was limited to small objects and containers in a brief moment, each page of that opens the gates of several and then progressed in the art of plaster and brickwork. They later applied in architecture as well. The art of gypsum and brickwork, thousand years of history to the visitors [7]. which was prevalent in the form of motifs (animals and plants) in Repeat motifs, symbolic role and decorations are one of the pre-Islam, was used in the aftermath of Islam with the art of main subjects in Iranian art. In Iranian architecture, the calligraphy in decorations. The splendor and beauty of Iranian symbolic elements generally embossed with carving and architecture, especially during the Islamic era, are related to painting integrated with elements of construction and decoration and design. After the invasion of Iran by the Arabs and the environmental, which makes it a new and inseparable introduction of Islam to Iran, the arrival of the Iranian classical architecture significantly changed, and we saw the Arabic calligraphy combination. -
Combat Camera Weekly Regional Command-East Afghanistan
Combat Camera Weekly Regional Command-East Afghanistan 5 – 11 JANUARY 2013 U.S. Army Master Sgt. Lynwood Rabon gives instructions to the competitors of a U.S. Army versus Czech Army stress fire range competition on Forward Operating Base Shank, Jan. 5, 2013, Logar province, Afghanistan. Rabon is assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Alexandra Campo/Released) U.S. Army Master Sgt. Lynwood Rabon gives instructions to the competitors of a U.S. Army versus Czech Army stress fire range competition on Forward Operating Base Shank, Jan. 5, 2013, Logar province, Afghanistan. Rabon is assigned to Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Alexandra Campo/Released) U.S. Army Col. Andrew Rohling competes at a U.S. Army versus Czech Army stress fire range on Forward Operating Base Shank, Jan. 5, 2013, Logar province, Afghanistan. Rohling is the commander of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Alexandra Campo/Released) U.S. Army Col. Andrew Rohling competes at a U.S. Army versus Czech Army stress fire range on Forward Operating Base Shank, Jan. 5, 2013, Logar province, Afghanistan. Rohling is the commander of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. (U.S. Army photo by Spc. Alexandra Campo/Released) U.S. Army Col. Andrew Rohling competes at a U.S. Army versus Czech Army stress fire range on Forward Operating Base Shank, Jan. 5, 2013, Logar province, Afghanistan. Rohling is the commander of the 173rd Airborne Brigade Combat Team. -
The a to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance
The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance 2nd Edition, August 2003 Writer: Shawna Wakefield Editor: Christina Bennett, Kathleen Campbell With special thanks to: Kristen Krayer, Nellika Little, Mir Ahmad Joyenda Cover illustration: Parniyan Design and Printing: The Army Press © 2003 The Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit (AREU). All rights reserved. Preface This is the second edition of The A to Z Guide to Afghanistan Assistance. Our first edition was brought out one year ago at a time of great change in Afghanistan. At that time, coordination mechanisms and aid processes were changing so fast that old hands and new arrivals alike were sometimes overwhelmed by the multiplicity of acronyms and references to structures and entities that had been recently created, abolished or re-named. Eighteen months after the fall of the Taliban and the signing of the Bonn Agreement, there are still rapid new developments, a growing complexity to the reconstruction effort and to planning processes and, of course, new acronyms! Our aim therefore remains to provide a guide to the terms, structures, mechanisms and coordinating bodies critical to the Afghanistan relief and reconstruction effort to help ensure a shared vocabulary and common understanding of the forces at play. We’ve also included maps and a contact directory to make navigating the assistance community easier. This 2nd edition also includes a section called “Resources,” containing information on such things as media organisations, security information, and Afghanistan-related web sites. Another new addition is a guide to the Afghan government. As the objective of so many assistance agencies is to support and strengthen government institutions, we felt that understanding how the Afghan government is structured is important to working in the current environment. -
Annual Statistical Bulletin 2013 Annual Statistical Bulletin
2013 OPEC OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2013 Annual Statistical Bulletin OPEC Helferstorferstrasse 17, A-1010 Vienna, Austria Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries www.opec.org Team for the preparation of the OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2013 Director, Research Division Editorial Team Omar Abdul-Hamid Head, Public Relations and Information Department Project Leader Angela Agoawike Head, Data Services Department Adedapo Odulaja Editor Alvino-Mario Fantini Coordinator Ramadan Janan Design and Production Coordinator Alaa Al-Saigh Statistics Team Pantelis Christodoulides, Hannes Windholz, Senior Production Assistant Mouhamad Moudassir, Klaus Stöger, Harvir Kalirai, Diana Lavnick Mohammad Sattar, Ksenia Gutman Web and CD Application Dietmar Rudari, Zairul Arifin Questions on data Although comments are welcome, OPEC regrets that it is unable to answer all enquiries concerning the data in the ASB. Data queries: [email protected]. Advertising The OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin now accepts advertising. For details, please contact the Head, PR and Information Department at the following address: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries Helferstorferstrasse 17, A-1010 Vienna, Austria Tel: +43 1 211 12/0 Fax: +43 1 216 43 20 PR & Information Department fax: +43 1 21112/5081 Advertising: [email protected] Website: www.opec.org Photographs Page 5: Diana Golpashin. Pages 7, 13, 21, 63, 81, 93: Shutterstock. © 2013 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries ISSN 0475-0608 Contents Foreword 5 Tables Page Section 1: -
Distinctions
DISTINCTIONS Vol. 2 ∙ No. 2 ∙ Spring 2008 Artwork by Rodolfo Maxil Distinctions Vol. 3 · No. 2 · Spring 2008 A Student Honors Journal Published by the Kingsborough Community College Honors Program Office of Academic Affairs EDITOR Professor Barbara R. Walters EDITORIAL BOARD Jordan Hall Professor Bob Blaisdell Student Editor Faculty Proof Copy Editor Brian Lee Professor Richard Armstrong Student Editor Faculty Editor Darla Linville Professor Judith Wilde Writing Fellow Faculty Artwork Editor ACADEMIC AFFAIRS Professor Reza Fakhari Associate Dean Dr. Rachelle Goldsmith Director of the Honors Program Cover Artwork: by Rodolfo Maxil Copyright@ 2007 Kingsborough Honors Program ii DISTINCTIONS VOLUME III · NUMBER 2 · SPRING 2008 1 Jordon Hall Religious Validity and the Pluralistic Hypothesis Mentor: Professor Rick Repetti 13 Rose Nerges The Kite Runner and Life in Afghanistan Mentor: Professor Barbara Walters With thanks to Darla Linville, Writing Fellow 29 Mariana Brodsky The Art Historical Context and Style of Self-Portrait with Two Pupils Mentor: Professor Marissa R. Schlesinger 35 Rita Goldstein and Joy Marchionni A Comparative Analysis of Commuter-Targeted Advertising in New York City Mentor: Professor Cindy Greenberg 45 Fanny Rodriguez Fanny’s Restaurant Business Plan Mentor: Professor Ira Hochman 63 Svetlana Cozmit Cleopatra’s Hair and Beauty Salon Mentor: Professor Ira Hochman 77 Agnieszka Bernuy The Path Leading to the Coexistence of Christianity, Pagan Rituals, and Shamanism Mentor: Professor Barbara Walters 89 China Tenacé Moore -
Kandahar Survey Report
Agency for Rehabilitation & Energy-conservation in Afghanistan I AREA Kandahar Survey Report February 1996 AREA Office 17 - E Abdara Road UfTow Peshawar, Pakistan Agency for Rehabilitation & Energy-conservation in Afghanistan I AREA Kandahar Survey Report Prepared by Eng. Yama and Eng. S. Lutfullah Sayed ·• _ ....... "' Content - Introduction ................................. 1 General information on Kandahar: - Summery ........................... 2 - History ........................... 3 - Political situation ............... 5 - Economic .......................... 5 - Population ........................ 6 · - Shelter ..................................... 7 -Cost of labor and construction material ..... 13 -Construction of school buildings ............ 14 -Construction of clinic buildings ............ 20 - Miscellaneous: - SWABAC ............................ 2 4 -Cost of food stuff ................. 24 - House rent· ........................ 2 5 - Travel to Kanadahar ............... 25 Technical recommendation .~ ................. ; .. 26 Introduction: Agency for Rehabilitation & Energy-conservation in Afghanistan/ AREA intends to undertake some rehabilitation activities in the Kandahar province. In order to properly formulate the project proposals which AREA intends to submit to EC for funding consideration, a general survey of the province has been conducted at the end of Feb. 1996. In line with this objective, two senior staff members of AREA traveled to Kandahar and collect the required information on various aspects of the province. -
Child Friendly School Baseline Survey
BASELINE SURVEY OF CHILD-FRIENDLY SCHOOLS IN TEN PROVINCES OF AFGHANISTAN REPORT submitted to UNICEF Afghanistan 8 March 2014 Society for Sustainable Development of Afghanistan House No. 2, Street No. 1, Karti Mamorin, Kabul, Afghanistan +93 9470008400 [email protected] CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 STUDY MODIFICATIONS ......................................................................................................... 2 1.3 STUDY DETAILS ...................................................................................................................... 4 1.4 REPORT STRUCTURE ............................................................................................................... 6 2. APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................ 7 2.1 APPROACH .......................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................ 8 3. TRAINING OF FIELD STAFF ..................................................................................... 14 3.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................ -
The Taliban Conundrum
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 22, Issue 1, Ver. 2 (January 2017) PP 21-26 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org The Taliban Conundrum Mudassir Fatah Research Scholar, Department of Political Science, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi-110025 Abstract: - National interests do guide the foreign policy of a nation. A state can go to any extent for fulfilling the same. Same had been reflected in the proxy wars played in Afghanistan. It is these national interests of some states which are responsible for the rise of the Taliban movement. Although there are some internal factors who also played a crucial role while giving birth to the Taliban movement, but these internal circumstances were created so to be the part of the conflict which eventually gave rise to the Taliban movement. The cold war power politics played in the poor and a weak nation like Afghanistan resulted in such a force which is still haunting the millions in the world. Keywords: - Afghanistan, Civil War, Peace, Power Politics, Taliban. I. INTRODUCTION Taliban is the plural of ‘Talib’, which has its origin from Arabic. The literal meaning of Talib is seeking something for one’s own self. The word Talib has been derived from the word ‘Talab’ which means desire. The word Taliban, in Pushto, generally denotes, students studying in Deeni Madaris (religious schools).1 These Deeni Madaris were (mostly) Deobandi schools in Pakistan. II. RISE OF THE TALIBAN MOVEMENT-INTERNAL FACTORS After the Soviet departure, the factor which united all the Mujahedeen groups against the common enemy, no longer existed, which resulted into chaos, looting and finally civil war. -
Evaluation of “Sustainable Livelihood Programme Through Community Mobilization and Establishing Knowledge Resource Centre in Mazar-E-Sharif” Final Report
2013:39 Sida Decentralised Evaluation Sarah Gray Elisabeth Montgomery Evaluation of “Sustainable Livelihood Programme through Community Mobilization and Establishing Knowledge Resource Centre in Mazar-e-Sharif” Final Report Evaluation of “Sustainable Livelihood Programme through Community Mobilization and Establishing Knowledge Resource Centre in Mazar-e-Sharif ” Final Report December 2013 Sarah Gray Elisabeth Montgomery Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2013:39 Sida Authors: Sarah Gray and Elisabeth Montgomery The views and interpretations expressed in this report are the authors’ and do not necessarily reflect those of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Sida. Sida Decentralised Evaluation 2013:39 Commissioned by Sida - Afghanistan Unit Copyright: Sida and the authors Date of final report: December 2013 Published by Citat 2013 Art. no. Sida61667en urn:nbn:se:sida-61667en This publication can be downloaded from: http://www.sida.se/publications SWEDISH INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT COOPERATION AGENCY Address: S-105 25 Stockholm, Sweden. Office: Valhallavägen 199, Stockholm Telephone: +46 (0)8-698 50 00. Telefax: +46 (0)8-20 88 64 E-mail: [email protected]. Homepage: http://www.sida.se SIPU International –Final Evaluation Report Acronyms, Abbreviations and Local Terms AMA Association of Microfinance Agencies AREDP Afghanistan Rural Enterprise Development Programme CDC Community Development Council CIA Conflict Impact Assessment EIF Enterprise Incubation Fund DDH District Development Hub FGD Focus Group Discussion GDP Gross Domestic -
Finding the Patterns of Indian Mosques Architecture
Vol.14/ No.48/ Jun 2017 Received 2017/03/04 Accepted 2017/05/15 Persian translation of this paper entitled: الگویابی معماری مساجد هند is also published in this issue of journal. Finding the Patterns of Indian Mosques Architecture Ehsan Dizany* Abstract India is one of the countries that has had diverse civilizations from the distant past, so in architectural standpoint, this country is rich and varied. The arrival of Islam in India and the formation of Islamic governments led to the formation of a certain type of Islamic architecture in this subcontinent. The architecture of Indian mosques is evaluated as a prominent model of Islamic architecture of subcontinent. This study is based on the assumption that the pattern of Indian mosques architecture is a combination of early Iranian-Islamic architecture of mosques and Indian vernacular architecture. Finding the roots of Architectural features of Indian mosques is the subject of this article. In this paper, the influence of early Islamic mosques’ architecture and rich and historical architecture of India on Indian mosques architecture before the arrival of Islam and the architecture of developed Islamic civilizations in the Indian neighborhoods such as Iran, is studied. Generally Indian mosques architectural features include prayer-hall in the Qibla direction, existence of courtyard, Four-Iwan pattern, crusts odd divisions, especially triple ones, presence of mosque in plaza and its position on a Soffeh (in height), access to the mosque entrances by wide stairs, triple divisions of Gonbad Khane in the Qibla direction and the use of transparent porticos around courtyard (Half of the outer crust that has external view). -
Guía Mundial De Oración (GMO). Noviembre 2014 Titulares: Los
Guía Mundial de Oración (GMO). Noviembre 2014 Titulares: Los inconquistables Pashtun! • 1-3 De un ciego que llevó a los Pashtunes Fuera de la Oscuridad • 5 Sobre todo Hospitalidad! • 8 Estilo de Resolución de Conflictos Pashtun • 23 Personas Mohmund: Poetas que alaban a Dios • 24 Estaría de acuerdo con los talibanes sobre esto! Queridos Amigos de oración, Yo soy un inglés, irlandés, y de descendencia sueca. Hace mil ochocientos años, mis antepasados irlandeses eran cazadores de cabezas que bebían la sangre de los cráneos de sus víctimas. Hace mil años mis antepasados vikingos eran guerreros que eran tan crueles cuando allanaban y destruían los pueblos desprotegidos, que hicieron la Edad Media mucho más oscura. Eventualmente la luz del evangelio hizo que muchos grupos de personas se convirtieran a Cristo, el único que es la Luz del Mundo. Su cultura ha cambiado, y comenzaron a vivir más por las enseñanzas de Jesús y menos por los caminos del mundo. La historia humana nos enseña que sin Cristo la humanidad puede ser increíblemente cruel con otros. Este mes vamos a estar orando por los Pashtunes. Puede parecer que estamos juzgando estas tribus afganas y pakistaníes. Pero debemos recordar que sin la obra transformadora del Espíritu Santo, no seríamos diferentes de lo que ellos son. Los Pashtunes tienen un código cultural de honor llamado Pashtunwali, lo que pone un cierto equilibrio de moderación en su conducta, pero también los estimula a mayores actos de violencia y venganza. Por esta razón, no sólo vamos a orar por tribus Pashtunes específicas, sino también por aspectos del código de honor Pashtunwali y otras dinámicas culturales que pueden mantener a los Pashtunes haciendo lo que Dios quiere que hagan. -
See the Document
IN THE NAME OF GOD IRAN NAMA RAILWAY TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN List of Content Preamble ....................................................................... 6 History ............................................................................. 7 Tehran Station ................................................................ 8 Tehran - Mashhad Route .............................................. 12 IRAN NRAILWAYAMA TOURISM GUIDE OF IRAN Tehran - Jolfa Route ..................................................... 32 Collection and Edition: Public Relations (RAI) Tourism Content Collection: Abdollah Abbaszadeh Design and Graphics: Reza Hozzar Moghaddam Photos: Siamak Iman Pour, Benyamin Tehran - Bandarabbas Route 48 Khodadadi, Hatef Homaei, Saeed Mahmoodi Aznaveh, javad Najaf ...................................... Alizadeh, Caspian Makak, Ocean Zakarian, Davood Vakilzadeh, Arash Simaei, Abbas Jafari, Mohammadreza Baharnaz, Homayoun Amir yeganeh, Kianush Jafari Producer: Public Relations (RAI) Tehran - Goragn Route 64 Translation: Seyed Ebrahim Fazli Zenooz - ................................................ International Affairs Bureau (RAI) Address: Public Relations, Central Building of Railways, Africa Blvd., Argentina Sq., Tehran- Iran. www.rai.ir Tehran - Shiraz Route................................................... 80 First Edition January 2016 All rights reserved. Tehran - Khorramshahr Route .................................... 96 Tehran - Kerman Route .............................................114 Islamic Republic of Iran The Railways