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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0171222 A1 Sullivan Et Al

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(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0171222 A1 Sullivan Et Al US 2003.0171222A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2003/0171222 A1 Sullivan et al. (43) Pub. Date: Sep. 11, 2003 (54) SULFIDE-AND POLYSULFIDE-CONTAINING Publication Classification LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS AND LUBRICATING (51) Int. Cl." ............................................ C10M 135/22 COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING THE SAME (52) U.S. Cl. ......................... 508/192; 508/199; 508/378; 508/421; 508/569 (76) Inventors: William T. Sullivan, Brick, NJ (US); Percy Rohinton Kanga, Cherry Hill, (57) ABSTRACT NJ (US); Thomas Smith Coolbaugh, Yardley, PA (US) This invention relates to a lubricating composition compris ing a major amount of an oil of lubricating Viscosity, at least Correspondence Address: one organic polysulfide comprising less than about 88% EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL COMPANY dihydrocarbyl trisulfide, from up to about 5% dihydrocarbyl PO BOX 2149 disulfide, and more than about 7 wt.% dihydrocarbyl higher BAYTOWN, TX 77522-2149 (US) polysulfides, and at least one phosphorus or boron com pound, or mixtures of two or more thereof. The invention (21) Appl. No.: 10/091,249 also relates to concentrates and greases containing the above combination. The invention also relates to methods of mak (22) Filed: Mar. 5, 2002 ing the organic poly Sulfide. US 2003/0171222 A1 Sep. 11, 2003 SULFDE- AND POLYSULFDE-CONTAINING such as PAOs do not favorably interact with the additives LUBRICATING OIL ADDITIVE COMPOSITIONS used for this purpose. It is therefore a continuing problem to AND LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS produce a good combination of Surface-related properties CONTAINING THE SAME including anti-wear performance and anti-rust performance in Synthetic oils based on hydrocarbon base StockS Such as TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION PAOS. 0001. The present invention relates to the preparation and 0005. A need exists for a polysulfide additive that pro use of an additive for lubrication oils in which the additive vides improved performance characteristics for a finished includes at least one dihydrocarbyl polysulfide compound. lubricant composition comprising the polysulfide additive. A The present invention also relates to finished lubrication oils need exists for a polysulfide additive that improves at least having the dihydrocarbyl polysulfide additive and a base one performance characteristic of a finished lubricant while Stock. In particular, the present invention relates to the use reducing at least one of the deleterious effects caused by the of a mixture of a dihydrocarbyl sulfide and dihydrocarbyl use of a polysulfide additive in a finished lubricant. polysulfides having a desired ratio to provide a finished lubrication oil having certain desired performance attributes. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION This invention further relates to lubricating compositions, concentrates and greases containing the combination of a 0006 The present invention relates to lubricating oil dihydrocarbyl polysulfide and a phosphorus or boron com compositions, including dihydrocarbyl poly Sulfides, which pound. are especially adapted for use in mechanical Systems where gears are Subjected to great StreSS and extremely high preSSures Such as those found in automotive rear axles or off BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION highway transmissions and gear boxes. The present inven 0002 Polysulfides have been used in lubrication compo tion relates to lubricants and functional fluids, having a Sitions to provide extreme pressure protection. The poly Sul dihydrocarbyl polysulfide, that are useful particularly in fides have certain disadvantages including copper corrosion, environments characterized by high pressure and rubbing oxidation Stability, thermal instability and Seal compatibility Surfaces. problems. Additionally, the use of a polysulfide compound 0007 One embodiment according to the present inven to improve one performance parameter, e.g., wear resis tion includes a lubricating composition comprising a major tance, may introduce a deleterious performance character amount of an oil of lubricating Viscosity, at least one istic, i.e., gear tooth breakage in Severe application or attack dihydrocarbyl polysulfide comprising less than about 88% of elastomeric Seals. It is desirable to find a polysulfide dihydrocarbyl trisulfide; and a phosphorous compound or a which, when used alone or in combination with other boron compound, or mixtures of phosphorous compounds additives, provides good extreme pressure properties to and boron compounds. The oil of lubricating Viscosity is lubricants without adverse effects. generally in a major amount when the oil is about 70 wt.% 0003. Different types of base stocks have different per or greater of the total lubrication composition, preferably formance characteristics. Ester base Stocks, for example, the when the oil is about 90 wt. % or greater of the total neopentyl polyol esterS Such as the pentaerythritol esters of lubrication composition. monobasic carboxylic acids, have excellent high perfor mance properties as indicated by their common use in gas 0008 Another embodiment according to the present turbine lubricants. They also provide excellent anti-wear invention further includes the polysulfide having at least characteristics when conventional anti-wear additives are about 7.5 wt.% dihydrocarbyl tetrasulfide or higher polysul present and they do not have any adverse effect on the fides. performance of rust inhibitors. On the other hand, esters 0009. One embodiment of the present invention includes have relatively poor hydrolytic Stability, undergoing a complex mixture of organic Sulfides forming an additive hydrolysis readily in the presence of water at even moderate that includes a monosulfide having the formula R-S-R, temperatures. They are, therefore, leSS well Suited for use in where R and R may independently be a hydrocarbyl group wet applications Such as papermaking machinery. as described below and a polysulfide having the formula 0004 Hydrolytic stability can be improved by the use of R-S-R, wherein R and R may independently be a hydrocarbon base StockS. The use of alkyl aromatics in hydrocarbyl group as described below and X is equal to or combination with the other hydrocarbon base StockS Such as greater than about 2. The ratio of R-S-R to polysulfides, hydrogenated polyalphaolefin (PAO) synthetic hydrocar wherein X is equal to or greater than about 4, ranges from bons and the improved hydrolytic stability of these combi about 0.087 to about 0.112. nations is described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,602, 0010 Another embodiment of the present invention is a 086, corresponding to EP 496 486. Traditional formulations lubricant oil composition containing the polysulfide additive containing PAOS, however, present other performance prob and an oil or base Stock of lubricating Viscosity in which the lems. Although the hydrolytic stability of hydrocarbon base base Stock may be a mineral oil or a Synthetic base Stock. Stocks, including PAOS is Superior to that of the esters, it is frequently difficult to obtain a good balance of the Surface 0011) Another embodiment according to the present related properties Such as anti-wear and anti-rust because, as invention includes a lubricating composition including a noted above, these Surface-related properties are dependent major amount of an oil of lubricating Viscosity, at least one upon the extent to which the additives present in the base dihydrocarbyl polysulfide having less than about 88% dihy Stock compete for Sites on the metal Surfaces which they are drocarbyl trisulfide, less than about 5.5 wt.% dihydrocarbyl intended to protect and high quality hydrocarbon base StockS disulfide; at least about 7.5 wt.% dihydrocarbyl tetrasulfide US 2003/0171222 A1 Sep. 11, 2003 or higher polysulfides, and a phosphorous compound or a 0018. As described above, the present invention relates to boron compound, or mixtures thereof. compositions containing at least one polysulfide having Specific proportions of monoSulfides and/or polysulfides in 0012 Another embodiment according to the present combination with at least one phosphorus or boron com invention includes a concentrate comprising from 0.1% to pound, or mixtures thereof In one embodiment, the organic 49.9% by weight of a substantially inert, organic diluent and polysulfide is present in a base Stock at concentrations, based at least one dihydrocarbyl polysulfide comprising less than on the weight of the fully formulated lubricant composition, about 88% dihydrocarbyl trisulfide, less than about 5.5 wt. in the range of about 0.1% to about 10% by weight, or from % dihydrocarbyl disulfide, at least about 7.5 wt.% dihy about 0.2% up to about 8%, or from about 0.3% up to about drocarbyl tetrasulfide or higher poly Sulfides and at least one 7%, or from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight. Here, as phosphorus or boron compound or mixtures thereof. well as elsewhere in the Specification and claims, the range 0013 Another embodiment according to the present and ratio limits may be combined. In one embodiment, the invention includes a grease composition comprising at least phosphorus or boron compound, or mixture thereof is one oil of lubricating Viscosity, at least one thickening agent, present in an amount from about 0.05% up to about 10%, or and at least one dihydrocarbyl polysulfide comprising leSS from about 0.08% up to about 8%, or from about 0.1% up than about 88% dihydrocarbyl trisulfide, less than about 5.5 to about 5% by weight. wt.% dihydrocarbyl disulfide, and at least about 7.5 wt.%
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