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Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Automotive Ethernet Third Edition Learn about the latest developments in Automotive Ethernet technology and imple- mentation with this fully revised third edition. Including 20% new material and greater technical depth, coverage is expanded to include Detailed explanations of the new PHY technologies 10BASE-T1S (including multi- drop) and 2.5, 5, and 10GBASE-T1 Discussion of EMC interference models Descriptions of the new TSN standards for automotive use More on security concepts An overview of power saving possibilities with Automotive Ethernet Explanation of functional safety in the context of Automotive Ethernet An overview of test strategies The main lessons learned Industry pioneers share the technical and non-technical decisions that have led to the success of Automotive Ethernet, covering everything from electromagnetic require- ments and physical layer technologies, QoS, and the use of VLANs, IP, and service discovery, to network architecture and testing. The guide for engineers, technical managers, and researchers designing components for in-car electronics, and those interested in the strategy of introducing a new technology. Kirsten Matheus is a communications engineer who is responsible for the in-vehicle networking strategy at BMW and who has established Ethernet-based communication as a standard technology within the automotive industry. She has previously worked for Volkswagen, NXP, and Ericsson. In 2019 she was awarded the IEEE-SA Standards Medallion “For vision, leadership, and contributions to developing auto- motive Ethernet networking.” Thomas Königseder is CTO at Technica Engineering, supporting the smooth introduc- tion of Ethernet-based systems for automotive customers. At his former employment at BMW, Thomas was responsible for launching the first serial production car with an Ethernet connection in 2008. He paved the path to today’s Automotive Ethernet by enabling the first automotive Ethernet physical layer for series production start in 2013. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Automotive Ethernet Third Edition KIRSTEN MATHEUS BMW AG THOMAS KÖNIGSEDER Technica Engineering GmbH © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom One Liberty Plaza, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10006, USA 477 Williamstown Road, Port Melbourne, VIC 3207, Australia 314–321, 3rd Floor, Plot 3, Splendor Forum, Jasola District Centre, New Delhi – 110025, India 79 Anson Road, #06–04/06, Singapore 079906 Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning, and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781108841955 DOI: 10.1017/9781108895248 © Cambridge University Press 2021 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First edition published 2015 Second edition published 2017 Third edition published 2021 Printed in the United Kingdom by TJ Books Limited, Padstow Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-108-84195-5 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Contents Preface to the Third Edition page ix Preface to the Second Edition xi Preface to the First Edition xv Abbreviations and Glossary xvii Timeline xxxi 1 A Brief History of Ethernet (from a Car Manufacturer’s Perspective) 1 1.1 From the Beginning 1 1.2 The Meaning of “Ethernet” 5 1.2.1 Ethernet in IEEE 5 1.2.2 Ethernet in Telecommunications 8 1.2.3 Ethernet in Industrial Automation 12 1.2.4 Ethernet in Aviation 16 1.2.5 Automotive Ethernet 18 1.3 Comparison of Markets 20 Notes 23 References 25 2 A Brief History of In-Vehicle Networking 33 2.1 The Role of In-Vehicle Networking 33 2.2 Traditional In-Vehicle Networking 36 2.2.1 The Early Days of In-Vehicle Networking 36 2.2.2 Controller Area Network (CAN) 37 2.2.3 Local Interconnect Network (LIN) 44 2.2.4 Media Oriented Systems Transport (MOST) 46 2.2.5 FlexRay 51 2.2.6 SerDes Interfaces (Pixel Links) 54 2.2.7 Consumer Links 58 2.2.8 Trends and Consequences 59 2.3 Responsibilities in In-Vehicle Networking 61 2.3.1 Role of the Relationship between Car Manufacturer and Suppliers 62 2.3.2 Role of the Relationships among Car Manufacturers 65 Notes 68 References 70 v © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information vi Contents 3 A Brief History of Automotive Ethernet 75 3.1 The First Use Case: Programming and Software Updates 75 3.1.1 Architectural Challenges 75 3.1.2 Potential Car Interface Technologies 76 3.1.3 The Solution: 100BASE-TX Ethernet 78 3.2 The Second Use Case: A “Private” Application Link 84 3.3 The Breakthrough: UTSP Ethernet for the Automotive Industry 85 3.4 BMW Internal Acceptance of UTSP Ethernet 87 3.4.1 Yet Another In-Vehicle Networking Technology 87 3.4.2 A Suitable Pilot Application 89 3.4.3 The Future of Automotive Ethernet at BMW 91 3.5 The Industry Framework for a New Technology 92 3.5.1 From a Proprietary Solution to an Open Standard 92 3.5.2 Shaping the Future at IEEE 95 3.5.3 Supporting Structures and Organizations 96 3.6 Industry-Wide Acceptance of Ethernet 99 Notes 101 References 104 4 The Automotive Environment 109 4.1 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) 109 4.1.1 Coupling Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Interference 111 4.1.2 Standards for EMC 113 4.1.3 Measuring EMC 114 4.1.4 Sources of (EMC) Interference 116 4.1.5 ElectroStatic Discharge (ESD) 118 4.2 The Automotive Communication Channel in General 119 4.2.1 Channel Framework 120 4.2.2 Channel Parameters 122 4.3 The Quality Strain 125 4.3.1 Automotive Semiconductor Quality Standards 125 4.3.2 The CMC (Quality) for Automotive Ethernet 128 Notes 129 References 131 5 Automotive Physical Layer Technologies 134 5.1 The Automotive Ethernet Channels 135 5.1.1 The 100BASE-T1 Channel 135 5.1.2 The 1000BASE-T1 Channel 140 5.1.3 The 10BASE-T1(S) Channel 145 5.1.4 The MultiGBASE-T1 Channel(s) for 2.5, 5, and 10 Gbps 148 5.1.5 The Faster than 10 Gbps Channel 150 5.2 PHY Technologies for 100 Mbps Ethernet 150 5.2.1 100BASE-T1 150 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Contents vii 5.2.2 100 Mbps over 100BASE-TX 176 5.2.3 100 Mbps Ethernet over Media Independent Interface (MII) 176 5.3 PHY Technologies for 1 Gbps 178 5.3.1 Technical Description of 1000BASE-T1 179 5.3.2 Overview on 1000BASE-RH 187 5.4 PHY Technologies for 10 Mbps Ethernet 190 5.4.1 Background to 10BASE-T1S 190 5.4.2 Technical Description of the 10BASE-T1S PHY 191 5.4.3 10BASE-T1S Multidrop 198 5.5 Technologies for 2.5, 5, and 10 Gbps 208 5.5.1 Background to MultiGBASE-T1 208 5.5.2 Technical Description of MultiGBASE-T1 210 5.6 Technologies for Other Data Rates 214 Notes 216 References 219 6 Automotive Ethernet and Power Supply 227 6.1 The Power Supply Network 228 6.2 Saving Power by Saving Weight 231 6.2.1 Power over Data Line (PoDL) 232 6.2.2 Data over the Power Supply Network 234 6.3 Saving Power by Reducing the Electrical Power Consumption 234 6.3.1 Using Energy Efficient Ethernet (EEE) in Cars 235 6.3.2 Wake-up and Sleep 237 Notes 242 References 243 7 Protocols for Automotive Ethernet 247 7.1 Quality of Service (QoS), Audio Video Bridging (AVB), and Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) 247 7.1.1 How Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Came to Ethernet 248 7.1.2 The Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Use Cases 250 7.1.3 First Generation AVB Protocols and Their Use in Automotive 254 7.1.4 Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) for Safety Critical Control Data 266 7.2 Switches and Virtual LANs (VLANs) 274 7.2.1 Switch Robustness 275 7.2.2 Virtual LANs (VLANs) 276 7.2.3 Other Switch Configuration Mechanism 278 7.3 The Internet Protocol (IP) 279 7.3.1 Dynamic versus Static Addressing 280 7.3.2 IPv4 versus IPv6 282 7.3.3 Routing versus Switching 282 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information viii Contents
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