Ethernet: an Engineering Paradigm
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Implementing MACA and Other Useful Improvements to Amateur Packet Radio for Throughput and Capacity
Implementing MACA and Other Useful Improvements to Amateur Packet Radio for Throughput and Capacity John Bonnett – KK6JRA / NCS820 Steven Gunderson – CMoLR Project Manager TAPR DCC – 15 Sept 2018 1 Contents • Introduction – Communication Methodology of Last Resort (CMoLR) • Speed & Throughput Tests – CONNECT & UNPROTO • UX.25 – UNPROTO AX.25 • Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (MACA) – Hidden Terminals • Directed Packet Networks • Brevity – Directory Services • Trunked Packet • Conclusion 2 Background • Mission County – Proverbial: – Coastline, Earthquake Faults, Mountains & Hills, and Missions – Frequent Natural Disasters • Wildfires, Earthquakes, Floods, Slides & Tsunamis – Extensive Packet Networks • EOCs – Fire & Police Stations – Hospitals • Legacy 1200 Baud Packet Networks • Outpost and Winlink 2000 Messaging Software 3 Background • Mission County – Proverbial: – Coastline, Earthquake Faults, Mountains & Hills, and Missions – Frequent Natural Disasters • Wildfires, Earthquakes, Floods, Slides & Tsunamis – Extensive Packet Networks • EOCs – Fire & Police Stations – Hospitals • Legacy 1200 Baud Packet Networks • Outpost and Winlink 2000 Messaging Software • Community Emergency Response Teams: – OK Drills – Neighborhood Surveys OK – Triage Information • CERT Form #1 – Transmit CERT Triage Data to Public Safety – Situational Awareness 4 Background & Objectives (cont) • Communication Methodology of Last Resort (CMoLR): – Mission County Project: 2012 – 2016 – Enable Emergency Data Comms from CERT to Public Safety 5 Background & -
Reservation - Time Division Multiple Access Protocols for Wireless Personal Communications
tv '2s.\--qq T! Reservation - Time Division Multiple Access Protocols for Wireless Personal Communications Theodore V. Buot B.S.Eng (Electro&Comm), M.Eng (Telecomm) Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy 1n The University of Adelaide Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering August 1997 Contents Abstract IY Declaration Y Acknowledgments YI List of Publications Yrt List of Abbreviations Ylu Symbols and Notations xi Preface xtv L.Introduction 1 Background, Problems and Trends in Personal Communications and description of this work 2. Literature Review t2 2.1 ALOHA and Random Access Protocols I4 2.1.1 Improvements of the ALOHA Protocol 15 2.1.2 Other RMA Algorithms t6 2.1.3 Random Access Protocols with Channel Sensing 16 2.1.4 Spread Spectrum Multiple Access I7 2.2Fixed Assignment and DAMA Protocols 18 2.3 Protocols for Future Wireless Communications I9 2.3.1 Packet Voice Communications t9 2.3.2Reservation based Protocols for Packet Switching 20 2.3.3 Voice and Data Integration in TDMA Systems 23 3. Teletraffic Source Models for R-TDMA 25 3.1 Arrival Process 26 3.2 Message Length Distribution 29 3.3 Smoothing Effect of Buffered Users 30 3.4 Speech Packet Generation 32 3.4.1 Model for Fast SAD with Hangover 35 3.4.2Bffect of Hangover to the Speech Quality 38 3.5 Video Traffic Models 40 3.5.1 Infinite State Markovian Video Source Model 41 3.5.2 AutoRegressive Video Source Model 43 3.5.3 VBR Source with Channel Load Feedback 43 3.6 Summary 46 4. -
A Survey on Aloha Protocol for Iot Based Applications
ISSN: 2277-9655 [Badgotya * et al., 7(5): May, 2018] Impact Factor: 5.164 IC™ Value: 3.00 CODEN: IJESS7 IJESRT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY A SURVEY ON ALOHA PROTOCOL FOR IOT BASED APPLICATIONS Shikha Badgotya*1 & Prof.Deepti Rai2 *1M.Tech Scholar, Department of EC, Alpine Institute of Technology,, Ujjain (India) 2H.O.D, Department of EC, Alpine Institute of Technology, Ujjain (India) DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1246995 ABSTRACT With the emergence of IoT based applications in industries and automation, protocols for effective data transfer was the foremost need. The natural choice was a random access protocol like ALOHA which could be incorporated in the ultra narrowband ISM band framework because of its simplicity and lack of overhead. Pure ALOHA faced the limitation of greater rate of collisions among the packets of data and also there was higher level of frame delays. Slotted ALOHA overcame these limitations to some extent in which the transfer of data takes place after channel polling. Though the drawbacks of PURE ALOHA are somewhat resolved in Slotted ALOHA, still some redundant transmissions and delay of frames exist. The present proposed work puts forth an efficient mechanism for Slotted ALOHA which implements polling of channel that is non persistent in nature to reduce the probability of collisions considerably. Further it presents a channel sensing methodology also for prevention of burst errors. Interleaving serves to be useful in case of burst errors and helps in preserving useful information. The survey should pave the path for IoT based applications working on an ultra narrowband architecture. -
NIEUWE RELEASES KLIK OP DE HOES VOOR DE SINGLE (Mits Beschikbaar)
NIEUWE RELEASES KLIK OP DE HOES VOOR DE SINGLE (mits beschikbaar) LEONARD COHEN – You Want It Darker CD/LP 'You Want It Darker', een paar weken geleden werd deze titeltrack vrijgegeven online en ik was meteen verkocht. Ik vond de vorige plaat 'Populair Problems' al fantastisch maar 'You Want It Darker' overtreft het op alle vlakken. Donkere plaat met veel verwijzingen naar de dood bijvoorbeeld wat op zich niet vreemd is gezien zijn leeftijd (82). Prachtig en ontroerend meesterwerk van deze levende legende! Het wordt druk boven in de top tien albums van het jaar.... KENSINGTON – Control CD/LP ‘Control’ is het nieuwe album van Kensington, het Utrechtse viertal dat zich de afgelopen jaren heeft ontwikkeld tot één van de grootste bands van het land. Niet alleen door het succesvolle album ‘Rivals’ maar ook door hun live reputatie waarmee ze de festival- en live podia (én maar liefst 4x in onze winkel!) hebben veroverd. Eerste single van het album ‘Control’ is ‘Do I Ever’. Het album is gelimiteerd verkrijgbaar als cd digipack inclusief een 20 pagina booklet én op vinyl (eerste oplage is genummerd en gekleurd vinyl). KORN – Serenity of Suffering CD/CD-Deluxe/LP/LP-Deluxe 'Serenity of Suffering' is het 12e studio album van de nu-metal band Korn. Volgens gitarist Brian Welch is deze plaat een stuk zwaarder en steviger dan dat iemand in een lange tijd heeft gehoord. Het album is de opvolger van 'The Paradigm Shift' uit 2013 en werd geproduceerd door Grammy-award winnende producer Nick Raskulinecsz (Foo Fighters, Deftones, Mastodon). Op de deluxe versie staan twee extra tracks. -
Medium Access Control Layer
Telematics Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer User Server watching with video Beispielbildvideo clip clips Application Layer Application Layer Presentation Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Computer Systems and Telematics (CST) Physical Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin http://cst.mi.fu-berlin.de Contents ● Design Issues ● Metropolitan Area Networks ● Network Topologies (MAN) ● The Channel Allocation Problem ● Wide Area Networks (WAN) ● Multiple Access Protocols ● Frame Relay (historical) ● Ethernet ● ATM ● IEEE 802.2 – Logical Link Control ● SDH ● Token Bus (historical) ● Network Infrastructure ● Token Ring (historical) ● Virtual LANs ● Fiber Distributed Data Interface ● Structured Cabling Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer 5.2 Design Issues Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer 5.3 Design Issues ● Two kinds of connections in networks ● Point-to-point connections OSI Reference Model ● Broadcast (Multi-access channel, Application Layer Random access channel) Presentation Layer ● In a network with broadcast Session Layer connections ● Who gets the channel? Transport Layer Network Layer ● Protocols used to determine who gets next access to the channel Data Link Layer ● Medium Access Control (MAC) sublayer Physical Layer Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 5: Medium Access Control Sublayer 5.4 Network Types for the Local Range ● LLC layer: uniform interface and same frame format to upper layers ● MAC layer: defines medium access .. -
Marconi Society - Wikipedia
9/23/2019 Marconi Society - Wikipedia Marconi Society The Guglielmo Marconi International Fellowship Foundation, briefly called Marconi Foundation and currently known as The Marconi Society, was established by Gioia Marconi Braga in 1974[1] to commemorate the centennial of the birth (April 24, 1874) of her father Guglielmo Marconi. The Marconi International Fellowship Council was established to honor significant contributions in science and technology, awarding the Marconi Prize and an annual $100,000 grant to a living scientist who has made advances in communication technology that benefits mankind. The Marconi Fellows are Sir Eric A. Ash (1984), Paul Baran (1991), Sir Tim Berners-Lee (2002), Claude Berrou (2005), Sergey Brin (2004), Francesco Carassa (1983), Vinton G. Cerf (1998), Andrew Chraplyvy (2009), Colin Cherry (1978), John Cioffi (2006), Arthur C. Clarke (1982), Martin Cooper (2013), Whitfield Diffie (2000), Federico Faggin (1988), James Flanagan (1992), David Forney, Jr. (1997), Robert G. Gallager (2003), Robert N. Hall (1989), Izuo Hayashi (1993), Martin Hellman (2000), Hiroshi Inose (1976), Irwin M. Jacobs (2011), Robert E. Kahn (1994) Sir Charles Kao (1985), James R. Killian (1975), Leonard Kleinrock (1986), Herwig Kogelnik (2001), Robert W. Lucky (1987), James L. Massey (1999), Robert Metcalfe (2003), Lawrence Page (2004), Yash Pal (1980), Seymour Papert (1981), Arogyaswami Paulraj (2014), David N. Payne (2008), John R. Pierce (1979), Ronald L. Rivest (2007), Arthur L. Schawlow (1977), Allan Snyder (2001), Robert Tkach (2009), Gottfried Ungerboeck (1996), Andrew Viterbi (1990), Jack Keil Wolf (2011), Jacob Ziv (1995). In 2015, the prize went to Peter T. Kirstein for bringing the internet to Europe. Since 2008, Marconi has also issued the Paul Baran Marconi Society Young Scholar Awards. -
On-Demand Routing in Multi-Hop Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Available Online at www.ijcsmc.com International Journal of Computer Science and Mobile Computing A Monthly Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology ISSN 2320–088X IJCSMC, Vol. 2, Issue. 7, July 2013, pg.317 – 321 RESEARCH ARTICLE ON-DEMAND ROUTING IN MULTI-HOP WIRELESS MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKS P. Umamaheswari 1, K. Ranjith singh 2 1Periyar University, TamilNadu, India 2Professor of PGP College, TamilNadu, India 1 [email protected]; 2 [email protected] Abstract— An ad hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of any preexisting network infrastructure or centralized administration. Routing protocols used in ad hoc networks must automatically adjust to environments that can vary between the extremes of high mobility with low bandwidth, and low mobility with high bandwidth. This thesis argues that such protocols must operate in an on-demand fashion and that they must carefully limit the number of nodes required to react to a given topology change in the network. I have embodied these two principles in a routing protocol called Dynamic Source Routing (DSR). As a result of its unique design, the protocol adapts quickly to routing changes when node movement is frequent, yet requires little or no overhead during periods in which nodes move less frequently. By presenting a detailed analysis of DSR’s behavior in a variety of situations, this thesis generalizes the lessons learned from DSR so that they can be applied to the many other new routing protocols that have adopted the basic DSR framework. The thesis proves the practicality of the DSR protocol through performance results collected from a full-scale 8 node tested, and it demonstrates several methodologies for experimenting with protocols and applications in an ad hoc network environment, including the emulation of ad hoc networks. -
ECE 158A: Lecture 13
ECE 158A: Lecture 13 Fall 2015 Random Access and Ethernet! Random Access! Basic idea: Exploit statistical multiplexing Do not avoid collisions, just recover from them When a node has packet to send Transmit at full channel data rate No a priori coordination among nodes Two or more transmitting nodes ⇒ collision Random access MAC protocol specifies: How to detect collisions How to recover from collisions Key Ideas of Random Access Carrier sense Listen before speaking, and don’t interrupt Check if someone else is already sending data and wait till the other node is done Collision detection If someone else starts talking at the same time, stop Realize when two nodes are transmitting at once by detecting that the data on the wire is garbled Randomness Don’t start talking again right away Wait for a random time before trying again Aloha net (70’s) First random access network Setup by Norm Abramson at the University of Hawaii First data communication system for Hawaiian islands Hub at University of Hawaii, Oahu Alohanet had two radio channels: Random access: Sites sending data Broadcast: Hub rebroadcasting data Aloha Signaling Two channels: random access, broadcast Sites send packets to hub (random) If received, hub sends ACK (random) If not received (collision), site resends Hub sends packets to all sites (broadcast) Sites can receive even if they are also sending Questions: When do you resend? Resend with probability p How does this perform? Will analyze in class, stay tuned…. Slot-by-slot Aloha Example -
I: the Conception
Excerpt from: Mayo, Keenan and Newcomb, Peter. “How the Web Was Won,” Vanity Fair, July 2008. I: The Conception Paul Baran, an electrical engineer, conceived one of the Internet’s building blocks—packet switching— while working at the Rand Corporation around 1960. Packet switching breaks data into chunks, or “packets,” and lets each one take its own path to a destination, where they are re-assembled (rather than sending everything along the same path, as a traditional telephone circuit does). A similar idea was proposed independently in Britain by Donald Davies. Later in his career, Baran would pioneer the airport metal detector. Paul Baran: It was necessary to have a strategic system that could withstand a first attack and then be able to return the favor in kind. The problem was that we didn’t have a survivable communications system, and so Soviet missiles aimed at U.S. missiles would take out the entire telephone- communication system. At that time the Strategic Air Command had just two forms of communication. One was the U.S. telephone system, or an overlay of that, and the other was high-frequency or shortwave radio. So that left us with the interesting situation of saying, Well, why do the communications fail when the bombs were aimed, not at the cities, but just at the strategic forces? And the answer was that the collateral damage was sufficient to knock out a telephone system that was highly centralized. Well, then, let’s not make it centralized. Let’s spread it out so that we can have other paths to get around the damage. -
Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-108-84195-5 — Automotive Ethernet Kirsten Matheus , Thomas Königseder Frontmatter More Information Automotive Ethernet Third Edition Learn about the latest developments in Automotive Ethernet technology and imple- mentation with this fully revised third edition. Including 20% new material and greater technical depth, coverage is expanded to include Detailed explanations of the new PHY technologies 10BASE-T1S (including multi- drop) and 2.5, 5, and 10GBASE-T1 Discussion of EMC interference models Descriptions of the new TSN standards for automotive use More on security concepts An overview of power saving possibilities with Automotive Ethernet Explanation of functional safety in the context of Automotive Ethernet An overview of test strategies The main lessons learned Industry pioneers share the technical and non-technical decisions that have led to the success of Automotive Ethernet, covering everything from electromagnetic require- ments and physical layer technologies, QoS, and the use of VLANs, IP, and service discovery, to network architecture and testing. The guide for engineers, technical managers, and researchers designing components for in-car electronics, and those interested in the strategy of introducing a new technology. Kirsten Matheus is a communications engineer who is responsible for the in-vehicle networking strategy at BMW and who has established Ethernet-based communication as a standard technology within the automotive industry. She has previously worked for Volkswagen, NXP, and Ericsson. In 2019 she was awarded the IEEE-SA Standards Medallion “For vision, leadership, and contributions to developing auto- motive Ethernet networking.” Thomas Königseder is CTO at Technica Engineering, supporting the smooth introduc- tion of Ethernet-based systems for automotive customers. -
Program on Information Resources Policy
INCIDENTAL PAPER Growing Up With the Information Age John C. B. LeGates April 2011 Program on Information Resources Policy Center for Information Policy Research Harvard University The Program on Information Resources Policy is jointly sponsored by Harvard University and the Center for Information Policy Research. Chairman Managing Director Anthony G. Oettinger John C. B. LeGates John LeGates began his career as an entrepreneur in the earliest days of computer communications and networking. He was the first to put computers in schools and later in hospitals. He built the first academic computer-resource-sharing network and was a member of the Arpanet NWG, the original Internet design team. Since 1973 he has been a member of the Harvard faculty, where he co-founded the Program on Information Resources Policy. Copyright © 2011 by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. Not to be reproduced in any form without written consent from the Program on Information Resources Policy, Harvard University, Maxwell Dworkin Bldg. 125, 33 Oxford St., Cambridge MA 02138. 617-495-4114 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.pirp.harvard.edu ISBN 0-9798243-3-8 I-11-3 LeGates Life and Times DRAFT February 1, 1998 NOTES ON GROWING UP WITH THE INFORMATION AGE John C. B. LeGates WHAT IS THIS DOCUMENT? In 1997 I was approached by a writer for The New Yorker magazine, who asked if they could do a "life and times" article about me. It would be the feature article in one of their issues - a minimum of twenty pages. Alternatively it might be longer, and be serialized over several issues. -
Computer Network
Computer network A computer network or data network is a telecommunications network that allows computers to exchange data. The connections (network links) between networked computing devices (network nodes) are established using either cable media or wireless media. The best-known computer network is the Internet. Network devices that originate, route and terminate the data are called network nodes. Nodes can include hosts such as servers and personal computers, as well as networking hardware. Two devices are said to be networked when a process in one device is able to exchange information with a process in another device. Computer networks support applications such as access to the World Wide Web, shared use of application and storage servers, printers, and fax machines, and use of email and instant messaging applications. The remainder of this article discusses local area network technologies and classifies them according to the following characteristics: the physical media used to transmit signals, the communications protocols used to organize network traffic, along with the network's size, its topology and its organizational intent. History In the late 1950s, early networks of communicating computers included the military radar system Semi- Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE). In 1960, the commercial airline reservation system semi-automatic business research environment (SABRE) went online with two connected mainframes. In 1962, J.C.R. Licklider developed a working group he called the "Intergalactic Computer Network", a precursor to the ARPANET, at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). In 1964, researchers at Dartmouth developed the Dartmouth Time Sharing System for distributed users of large computer systems. The same year, at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, a research group supported by General Electric and Bell Labs used a computer to route and manage telephone connections.