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L'industrie En Méditerranée Des Produits Et Des Hommes Industry in the Mediterranean Η Βιομηχανία Στη Μεσόγειο

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L'industrie En Méditerranée Des Produits Et Des Hommes Industry in the Mediterranean Η Βιομηχανία Στη Μεσόγειο Cahiers balkaniques 45 | 2018 L'industrie en Méditerranée Des produits et des hommes Industry in the Mediterranean Η βιομηχανία στη Μεσόγειο Édition électronique URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/10209 DOI : 10.4000/ceb.10209 ISSN : 2261-4184 Éditeur INALCO Édition imprimée ISBN : 978-2-85831-294-8 ISSN : 0290-7402 Référence électronique Cahiers balkaniques, 45 | 2018, « L'industrie en Méditerranée » [En ligne], mis en ligne le 14 décembre 2018, consulté le 06 juillet 2021. URL : https://journals.openedition.org/ceb/10209 ; DOI : https:// doi.org/10.4000/ceb.10209 Cahiers balkaniques est mis à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale 4.0 International. Cahiers balkaniques Numéro 45 Centre de Recherche Europes-Eurasie Presses de l’Inalco Directrice de publication Manuelle FRANCK Rédacteurs en chef Faruk BILICI, Joëlle DALÈGRE, Frosa PEJOSKA-BOUCHEREAU Comité scientifique Faruk BILICI (Professeur Histoire de la Turquie ottomane et moderne, Inalco- Paris), Frosa PEJOSKA-BOUCHEREAU (Macédonien, Inalco-Paris), Joëlle DALÈGRE (mcf-hdr, Civilisation de la Grèce moderne, Inalco-Paris), Cécile FOLSCHWEILLER (MCF Inalco, langue, littérature et civilisation roumaine), Mehmet HACISLIHOGLU (Professeur d’histoire, Directeur du centre d’études balkaniques et de la mer Noire, Univ. Yildiz, Istanbul), Anna-Marina KATSIGIANNI, (Professeur en littérature comparée, Univ. Patras, Grèce), Christina KOULOURI (Professeur d’histoire grecque moderne, Univ. Panteion, Athènes), Blagovest NJAGULOV (Professor, Historical Studies Institute, Académie Bulgare des Sciences, Sofia), Ivana PANTELIC (Professor, Institute of Contemporary History, Belgrade) Comité de lecture Faruk BILICI, Joëlle DALÈGRE, Frosa PEJOSKA-BOUCHEREAU Secrétariat de rédaction Christina ALEXOPOULOS, Alexandre LAPIERRE, Andrew MC CORMICK, Nicolas PITSOS, Gaultier ROUX Préparation de copie : Joëlle DALÈGRE Édition et mise en page : Cedric RAOUL Maquette : Marion CHAUDAT pour Studio Topica et Cedric RAOUL Contacts : Faruk BILICI ([email protected]), Joëlle DALÈGRE (joelle.dalegre@ wanadoo.fr), Frosa PEJOSKA-BOUCHEREAU ([email protected]) Fabrication de couverture : Cedric RAOUL Illustration de couverture : Fours de production du gaz d’éclairage à Gazi, rue du Pirée (Athènes). Photographie : Vincent Gouzi, 2016. Ce numéro a été réalisé avec Métopes, méthodes et outils pour l’édition structurée XML-TEI développés par le pôle Document numérique de la MRSH de Caen. CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0 2019, Presses de l’Inalco 2, rue de Lille – 75343 Paris Cedex 07 – France ISSN : 0290-7402 ISBN : 978-2-85831-294-8 Cahiers balkaniques L’industrie en Méditerranée Des produits et des hommes Numéro dirigé par Joëlle Dalègre et Vincent Gouzi Numéro 45 – Année 2017 Éditorial Joëlle Dalègre Ce numéro des Cahiers Balkaniques, comme les précédents, comprend un dossier principal, consacré à un sujet spécifique traité lors d’une des journées d’étude de l’Inalco et des varia, articles nés des travaux des membres et amis des Cahiers. Cette année, nous marquons avec joie le retour – ou l’entrée – dans notre publication des données économiques et géographiques. Elles n’ont jamais été exclues, mais se sont toujours trouvées minoritaires au profit des travaux littéraires ou historiques. Priorité est donc donnée, à partir d’exemples français, italiens, grecs et turcs, à l’industrie dans l’espace méditerranéen, un bassin qui, peut-être, porte un « modèle » industriel original. La Grèce, les Balkans, la Méditerranée, semblent un champ particulier d’étude où renouveler les problématiques liées à l’industrie : au niveau de la définition et du contenu du secteur secondaire, au niveau de l’apparition de nouveaux rapports de production, au niveau des espaces de l’industrie et à celui de l’histoire économique et monétaire. De nouvelles approches de l’histoire incitent à l’élargissement des études sur l’industrie en tant qu’instrument de transformation sociale ; c’est pourquoi on présente ici une vision élargie de l’industrie, un peu moins « économique » et un peu plus anthropologique, un peu moins mécaniste et plus ouverte sur la gestion de l’incertitude. L’histoire, la littérature et la géopolitique ne sont pas absentes néanmoins, et se retrouvent dans les varia où l’on se réjouit de l’arrivée de nouveaux contributeurs importants et d’un retour (amorcé dans le numéro 43) du domaine albanais, absent depuis assez longtemps. On y voit même une extension vers le Caucase, avec lequel l’Union européenne et, particulièrement, les pays des Balkans (la Grèce en particulier) entretiennent des relations étroites et multiformes. En fin de publication, les comptes rendus de lecture font part de deux ouvrages récents et peu connus, liés à notre Centre par leurs auteurs et leurs sujets. L’équipe des CEB souhaite bonne lecture à tous et reste ouverte à toutes les contributions futures. Liste des sigles et abréviations utilisés dans ces textes Acronyms and abreviations used in these texts Συντομογραφίες και ακρωνύμια χρησιμοποιημένα σ’ αυτά τα κείμενα AKP : Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, Parti de la Justice et du Développpement. BIT : Bureau international du Travail. CITI : Classification internationale Type par Industries CITP : Classification internationale par type de professions. CPA : Classification des Produits Associés aux activités UE. CPC : Central Cassification of Products, Classification centrale des Produits ONU. DİSK : Türkiye Devrimci İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, Confédération des syndicats révolutionnaires de Turquie. DTO : Deniz Ticareti Odası, Chambre de Commerce maritime. EFIM : Ente partecipazioni e finanziamento industrie manifatturiere, Organisme public de participation et de financement de l’industrie manufacturière. ELSTAT -ΕΛΣΤΑΤ : Ελληνική Στατιστική Αρχή, Autorité Statistique Grecque. ENEL : Ente nazionale per l’energia elettrica, Organisme public pour l’énergie électrique. ENI : Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi, Organisme public des Hydrocarbures. ESP : Ezilenlerin Sosyalist Partisi, Parti socialiste des opprimés. FMN : Firme multi-nationale. GDP -PIB : Gross Domestic Product, Produit Intérieur Brut. GISBIR : Gemi İnşa Sanayicileri Birliği, Union des Industriels de la Construction navale. CAHIERS BALKANIQUES 8 L’industrie en Méditerannée GSEE : Γενική Συνομοσπονδία Εργατών Ελλάδας, Confédération Générale des Travailleurs de Grèce. HAK-İŞ Konfederasyonu : Confédération des droits des travailleurs. IIS : Institut international de la Statistique. INSEE : Institut national de la Statistique et des Études Économiques. IPEMED : Institut de prospective économique du monde méditerranéen. IRI : Istituto per la Ricostruzione Industriale, Institut pour la Reconstruction Industrielle. ISCO : International Standard Classification of Occupations = CITP : Classification international standard des professions. ISI : Industrialisation par Substitution d’Importations (Turquie). ISIC : International Standard Industrial Classification, Classification international standard des industries ISIS (CITI en français) : International Standard Industrial System, Système industriel internationale standard. KAMU-SEN : Türkiye Kamu Çalışanları Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, Confédération des Travailleurs du secteur public de Turquie. KESK : Kamu Emekçileri Sendikası Konfederasyonu, Confédération syndicale des employés du secteur public (Turquie). KOSGEB : Küçük ve Orta Ölçekli İşletmeleri Geliştirme ve Destekleme İdaresi Başkanlığı, Organisation pour le développement des petites et moyennes entreprises (Turquie). MCN : Machines à commande numérique. MEMUR-Sen : Memur Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, Confédération des syndicats des Employés (Turquie). MSHA : Maison des Sciences de l’Homme d’Aquitaine. MÜSIAD : Müstakil Sanayici ve İşadamları Derneği, Association d’industriels et d’hommes d’affaires indépendants (Turquie). NACE : Nomenclature des Activités dans la Communauté Européenne OCEMN : Organisation de Coopération économique de la mer Noire fondée en 1992 à Istanbul. PIB : Produit Intérieur Brut. PATHE : Patras-Athènes-THEssalonique. PME : Petites et moyennes entreprises. Prodcom : Productions communautaires. SDN : Société Des Nations. SHS : Sciences Humaines et Sociales. SMEs : Small and medium-sized enterprises, Petites et moyennes entreprises. SOEs : State Owned Enterprises, Entreprises d’État. LISTE DES SIGLES ET ABRÉVIATIONS UTILISÉS DANS CES TEXTES 9 SSE : Système Statistique Européen. STAKOD : Στατιστική ταξινόμηση των κλάδων οικονομικής δραστηριότητας, Classification statistique des secteurs d’activité économique. STP : Software Test Professionals, Professionnels des tests logiciels. TACIS : Technical Assistance to the Commonwealth of Independant States-CEI, programme créé en décembre 1991. TER : Tableau Emploi Ressources. TIC : Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication. TRACECA : Transport Corridor Europe-Caucase-Asie, programme de transport international né en 1993 impliquant l’Union européenne et quatorze États membres de l’Est européen, du Caucase et de l’Asie centrale (Arménie, Azerbaïdjan, Bulgarie, Géorgie, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Iran, Moldavie, Ouzbékistan, Roumanie) Türk-İş : Türkiye İşçi Sendikaları Konfederasyonu, Confédération des syndicats de travailleurs turcs. TÜSİAD : Türk Sanayicileri ve İşadamları Derneği, Association des industriels et des entrepreneurs de Turquie. TVA : Taxe à la Valeur Ajoutée. UE : Union Européenne. VA : Valeur Ajoutée. DOSSIER Introduction Introduction Εισαγωγή Vincent Gouzi CREE/Inalco/USPC Nous sommes ici, je crois,
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