Supplemental methods

Search strategy The search string for a specific cathinone was combined with the search string for a specific prescription drug by using “AND”. In total, the search strategy resulted in 94 hits. Based on titles, 12 abstracts were considered potentially relevant. Thorough screening of these abstracts, resulted in 2 articles that were suitable and consistent with the aim of this review (see supplemental Table 1-4 for details).

Supplemental table 1. Overview of the number of hits and selected articles in this article based on 3 generic search stings. General string 1+2+3 Total hits Relevant hits Aantal hits 12 0

Generic search strings 1. (Drug interactions[MESH]) OR (Drug interaction*[Title/Abstract]) 2. Cathinone*[Title/Abstract] OR (street drugs[MESH]) OR (recreational drugs[Title/Abstract]) OR (illicit drugs[Title/Abstract]) OR (drugs of abuse[Title/Abstract]) 3. (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors[MESH]) OR (Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors[Title/Abstract]) OR (5- Hydroxytryptamine Uptake Inhibitors[Title/Abstract]) OR (Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors[Title/Abstract]) OR SSRI*[Title/Abstract] OR (HIV medication[Title/Abstract]) OR (ADHD medication[Title/Abstract])

Supplemental table 2. Overview of the number of hits and selected articles for the individual cathinones and ADHD medication reviewed in this article based on a combination of the strings below. ADHD Methylfenidaat Dextroamfetamined Modafinil medication Cathinones Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Mephedrone 8 0 7 1 1 0 0 3-MMC 0 0 0 0 0 0 Methylone 1 0 0 0 0 0 MDPV 7 0 6 0 0 0 α-PVP 3 0 1 0 1 0

Supplemental table 3. Overview of the number of hits and selected articles for the individual cathinones and SSRIs and venlafaxine reviewed in this article based on a combination of the strings below. SSRIs Citalopram Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Paroxetine Sertraline Venlafaxine Cathinones Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Mephedrone 0 0 3 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 3-MMC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Methylone 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 MDPV 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 α-PVP 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Supplemental table 4. Overview of the number of hits and selected articles for the individual cathinones and antiretroviral medication reviewed in this article based on a combination of the strings below. Antiretroviral NNRTI’s NRTI’s Protease CCR5 Integrase medication inhibitors inhibitors inhibitors Cathinones Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Hits Rel. Mephedrone 0 0 4 0 1 12 0 0 1 12 3-MMC 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Methylone 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 MDPV 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 α-PVP 13 0 17 0 14 0 1 0 3 0

Search strings for individual cathinones Mephedrone The following search string for Mephedrone was used: mephedrone[Supplementary Concept] OR mephedrone[Title/Abstract] OR 4- methylmethcathinone[Title/Abstract] OR bk-4-methylmethamphetamine[Title/Abstract] OR beta- keto-4-methylmethamphetamine[Title/Abstract] OR 4-MMC[Title/Abstract] OR MCAT[Title/Abstract]

Methylone The following search string for Methylone was used: methylone[Supplementary Concept] OR methylone[Title/Abstract] OR 3,4-methylenedioxy-N- methylcathinonmethylone[Title/Abstract] OR 3,4-methylenedioxy-N- methylcathinone[Title/Abstract] OR beta-keto-3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine[Title/Abstract] OR 2-methylamino-1-3,4-methylenedioxyphenylpropane-1-one[Title/Abstract] OR 2-methylamino- 3,4-methylenedioxypropiophenone[Title/Abstract]

MDPV The following search string for MDPV was used: 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone[Supplementary Concept] OR 3,4- methylenedioxypyrovalerone[Title/Abstract] OR methylenedioxypyrovalerone[Title/Abstract] OR MDPV[Title/Abstract]

α-PVP The following search string for α-PVP was used: (alpha-PVP[Supplementary Concept]) OR (alpha-PVP[Title/Abstract]) OR (alpha- pyrrolidinopentiophenone[Title/Abstract])OR (1-phenyl-2-1-pyrrolidinyl-1-pentanone[Title/Abstract]) OR (α-PVP[Title/Abstract])

Search strings for individual prescription drugs

Methylphenidate methylphenidate[Mesh] OR dexmethylphenidate[mesh] OR methylphenidate[Title/Abstract] OR dexmethylphenidate[Title/Abstract] OR Metadate[Title/Abstract] OR Equasym[Title/Abstract] OR Methylin[Title/Abstract] OR Concerta[Title/Abstract] OR Phenidylate[Title/Abstract] OR Ritalin[Title/Abstract] OR Ritaline[Title/Abstract] OR centedrin[Title/Abstract] OR Centedrin[Title/Abstract] OR Daytrana[Title/Abstract] OR Focalin[Title/Abstract])

Dextroamphetamine Dextroamphetamine[Mesh] or Dextroamphetamine [Title/Abstract] OR Dexamphetamine[Title/Abstract] OR Dexamfetamine[Title/Abstract] OR (dextro- Amphetamine[Title/Abstract]) OR (dextro Amphetamine[Title/Abstract]) OR (d- Amphetamine[Title/Abstract]) OR (d Amphetamine[Title/Abstract]) OR Dexedrine[Title/Abstract] OR DextroStat[Title/Abstract] OR Oxydess[Title/Abstract] OR Curban[Title/Abstract])

Modafinil modafinil[Supplementary Concept] OR modafinil[Title/Abstract] OR (2- ((diphenylmethyl)sulfinyl)acetamide[Title/Abstract]) OR benzhydrylsulfinylacetamide[Title/Abstract] OR Modiodal[Title/Abstract]OR Alertec[Title/Abstract] OR Sparlon[Title/Abstract] OR Vigil[Title/Abstract] OR (CRL 40476[Title/Abstract]) OR (CRL-40476[Title/Abstract]) OR Provigil[Title/Abstract])

NNRTI’s Delavirdine[Mesh] OR delavirdine[Title/Abstract] OR Rescriptor[Title/Abstract] OR Efavirenz[Supplementary Concept] OR efavirenz[Title/Abstract] OR Sustiva[Title/Abstract] OR Stocrin[Title/Abstract] OR nevirapine[Mesh] OR nevirapine[Title/Abstract] OR Viramune[Title/Abstract] OR etravirine[Supplementary Concept] OR etravirine[Title/Abstract] OR Intelence[Title/Abstract] OR rilpivirine[Mesh] OR rilpivirine[Title/Abstract] OR Edurant[Title/Abstract]

NRTI’s Abacavir[Supplementary Concept] OR Abacavir[Title/Abstract] OR Ziagen[Title/Abstract] OR Atripla[Mesh] OR Atripla[Title/Abstract] OR Combivir[Mesh] OR Combivir[Title/Abstract] OR Complera[Mesh] OR Complera[Title/Abstract] OR didanosine[Mesh] OR didanosine[Title/Abstract] OR Dideoxyinosine[Title/Abstract] OR Videx[Title/Abstract] OR emtricitabine[Mesh] OR emtricitabine[Title/Abstract] OR Emtriva[Title/Abstract] OR Coviracil[Title/Abstract] OR Epzicom[Supplementary Concept] OR Epzicom[Title/Abstract] OR lamivudine[Mesh] OR lamivudine[Title/Abstract] OR 3TC[Title/Abstract] OR Epivir[Title/Abstract] OR stavudine[Mesh] OR stavudine [Title/Abstract] OR d4T[Title/Abstract] OR Zerit[Title/Abstract] OR tenofovir[Mesh] OR tenofovir[Title/Abstract] OR (9-PMPA[Title/Abstract]) OR Viread[Title/Abstract] OR Trizivir[Supplementary Concept] OR Trizivir[Title/Abstract] OR Truvada[Supplementary Concept] OR Truvada[Title/Abstract] OR zidovudine[Mesh] OR zidovudine[Title/Abstract] OR AZT[Title/Abstract] OR Retrovir[Title/Abstract] OR Azidothymidine[Title/Abstract] OR efavirenz[Supplementary Concept] OR efavirenz[Title/Abstract] OR Stocrin[Title/Abstract] OR Sustiva[Title/Abstract] OR rilpivirine[Mesh] OR rilpivirine[Title/Abstract] OR disoproxil[Title/Abstract]

Protease Inhibitors fosamprenavir[Supplementary Concept] OR fosamprenavir[Title/Abstract] OR Lexiva[Title/Abstract] OR amprenavir[Supplementary Concept] OR amprenavir[Title/Abstract] OR Agenerase[Title/Abstract] OR darunavir[Mesh] OR darunavir[Title/Abstract] OR Prezista[Title/Abstract] OR indinavir[Mesh] OR indinavir[Title/Abstract] OR Crixivan[Title/Abstract] OR lopinavir[Mesh] OR lopinavir[Title/Abstract] OR ritonavir[Mesh]OR ritonavir[Title/Abstract] OR Kaletra[Title/Abstract] OR Norvir[Title/Abstract] OR nelfinavir[Mesh] OR nelfinavir[Title/Abstract] OR Viracept[Title/Abstract] OR saquinavir[Mesh] OR saquinavir[Title/Abstract] OR Fortovase[Title/Abstract] OR Invirase[Title/Abstract] OR tipranavir[Supplementary Concept] OR tipranavir[Title/Abstract] OR Aptivus[Title/Abstract]

CCR5 Inhibitors Maraviroc[Supplementary Concept] OR Maraviroc[Title/Abstract] OR Selzentry[Title/Abstract]

Integrase Inhibitors Cobicistat[Mesh] OR Cobicistat[Title/Abstract] OR Tybost[Title/Abstract] OR Elvitegravir[Title/Abstract] OR Stribild[Title/Abstract] OR Dolutegravir[Supplementary Concept] OR Dolutegravir[Title/Abstract] OR Tivicay[Title/Abstract] OR Raltegravir[Mesh] OR Raltegravir[Title/Abstract] OR Isentress[Title/Abstract]

Venlafaxine venlafaxine[Mesh] OR venlafaxine[Title/Abstract] OR Effexor[Title/Abstract] OR Efexor[Title/Abstract] OR Trevilor[Title/Abstract] OR Vandral[Title/Abstract] OR Dobupal[Title/Abstract]

Citalopram Citalopram[Mesh] OR Citalopram[Title/Abstract] OR Celexa[Title/Abstract] OR Cipramil[Title/Abstract] OR Cytalopram[Title/Abstract] OR Escitalopram[Title/Abstract] OR Lexapro[Title/Abstract] OR Cipralex[Title/Abstract]

Paroxetine Paroxetine[Mesh] OR Paroxetine[Title/Abstract] OR Seroxat[Title/Abstract] OR Paxil[Title/Abstract] OR Aropax[Title/Abstract] OR OR [Title/Abstract]

Fluoxetine Fluoxetine[Mesh] OR Fluoxetin[Title/Abstract] OR Fluoxetin[Title/Abstract] OR (N-Methyl-gamma-(4- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy)benzenepropanamine)[Title/Abstract] OR Sarafem[Title/Abstract] OR Prozac[Title/Abstract]

Fluvoxamine Fluvoxamine[Mesh] OR Fluvoxamine[Title/Abstract] OR Fluvoxadura[Title/Abstract] OR Luvox[Title/Abstract] OR Floxyfral[Title/Abstract] OR Fevarin[Title/Abstract] OR Dumirox[Title/Abstract] OR Faverin[Title/Abstract] OR Desiflu[Title/Abstract]

Sertraline Sertraline[Mesh] OR Sertraline[Title/Abstract] OR Zoloft[Title/Abstract] OR Altruline[Title/Abstract] OR Lustral[Title/Abstract] OR Aremis[Title/Abstract] OR Besitran[Title/Abstract] OR Sealdin[Title/Abstract] OR Gladem[Title/Abstract]

Relevant hits 1. Berquist, M. D., Peet, M. M. & Baker, L. E. Behavioral sensitization following concurrent exposure to mephedrone and D-amphetamine in female mice. Behav. Pharmacol. 26, 180– 183 (2015).

2. Bracchi, M. et al. Increasing use of ‘party drugs’ in people living with HIV on antiretrovirals: A concern for patient safety. Aids 29, 1585–1592 (2015).