medieval society 400-1450 free download | 15 bya-3000 BC | 3000 BC-476 AD | 476 AD-1450 | 1450-1650 | 1650-1770 | 1770-1832 | 1832-1880 | 1880-1950 | 1950-present | --October 28, Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Constantine defeats his rival and brother-in-law Maxentius. According to legend Constantine was promised victory in the battle by a vision in the sky of a cross and the sun representing Christ (the Chi-Rho later used in the military standard known as the labarum) and the Greek words Εν Τουτω Νικα (“IN HOC SIGNO VINCES”; “by this sign you will be victorious”) (Eusebius, Life of Constantine ) --Council of Nicaea, definition of orthodox Christian belief, enforcement of doctrinal consensus, suppression of Arianism, establishment of conventional date for celebration of Resurrection (first Sunday after first full moon after vernal equinox) --Constantine begins construction (completed around 360) of Old Saint Peter’s Basilica (replaced by the new Saint Peter’s Basilica built 1506- 1626) --Saint Nicholas of Bari (d. 343), Christian saint and Bishop of Myra in Anatolia (Turkey), prototype of Santa Claus. --first encounters of Germanic Goths and Asian Huns north of the Black Sea. --Theodosius, Roman emperor (r. 379-395); favored Christianity and made it into the official religion of the Roman empire (391); instigated persecution of pagans throughout the empire and the destruction of the pagan temple of Serapis (the Serapeum), along with the remaining collections of the former Library of Alexandria (also encouraged by Bishop Theophilus of Alexandria) --death of Theodosius, division of the Roman empire into Eastern and Western. --death of Ambrose (339-397), Christian theologian who believed in the subordination of secular rulers to moral ecclesiastical authority; chastised Theodosius for atrocities like the massacre of the people of Thessalonica in Macedonia (390) --massive westward movement of Germanic populations, fleeing the Huns, into Roman territories (406) --Visigoths, led by Alaric, sack of Rome. --Romans abandon Britain, recall of troops to defend Rome. --death of Jerome (340-420), Christian theologian, author of the Vulgate, the Latin translation of the Bible dominant during the Middle Ages. --death of Augustine of Hippo (354-430), Christian theologian author of the Confessions and The City of God. --Anglo-Saxon invasions of Britain (449) --Attila, “the Scourge of God,” leader of the Asiatic tribe of the Huns (r. 433-453); persuaded by Pope Leo I to spare Rome (452) --death of Saint Patrick (d. 461 or 493), Christian missionary and patron saint of Ireland. --September 4, Fall of the Roman Empire. Emperor Romulus Augustulus deposed by Odoacer/Odovacar, leader of the Germanic Scirii and Heruli (tribes which at that time were foederati or allies of the Romans)-- --BEGINNING OF THE MIDDLE AGES-- --King Arthur, semi-legendary Celtic leader resisting Anglo-Saxon invasions of Britain [his existence is not historically attested] --Clovis I, king of the Franks (r. 482-511), queen Clotilda (d. 548), Merovingian dynasty; Clovis became a Christian under the influence of Clotilda (also believing that a victory against the Alemanni was brought about by his invocation of Jesus) --Boethius (d. 524), philosopher and author of the Consolation of Philosophy , executed by Theodoric, Ostrogoth ruler of Rome (r. 493-526) --Saint Benedict (d. 550), “father of Western monasticism” and author of the Rule of Saint Benedict. --Justinian, emperor of Byzantium (r. 527-565), empress Theodora (d. 548); compilation of the Corpus Juris Civilis, a gathering and systematization of Roman law. --St. Brendan (d. 578), Irish missionary famous for his sea voyages (perhaps going as far as Canada around 530) and encounters with sea monsters. --Pope Gregory I (r. 590-604) --death of St. Columba (521-597), Irish missionary active among the Picts in Scotland; associated with first recorded sighting of the legendary Loch Ness monster. --arrival in England (597) of Roman missionary Augustine (d. 604), first Archbishop of Canterbury (sent by Pope Gregory I to Christianize Anglo- Saxons) --King Aethelbert of Kent (r. 580-616) accepts Christianity, influenced by his wife Bertha (great-granddaughter of Clotilda) and by missionary Augustine (d. 604) --Mohammed (d. 632), journey from Mecca to Medina, a migration known as the Hijra, in 622, the first year of the Muslim calendar. --Arab conquest of Iberia (Spain) (711) by Tariq (Gibraltar < Gib al-Tariq, “mount of Tariq”) and establishment of Al-Andalus. --Venerable Bede (d. 735), Benedictine monk in Northumbria and author of Ecclesiastical History of the English People. --Charles Martel (d. 741), leader of the Franks; victory over Arabs at Battle of Tours-Poitiers (732) --Pepin the Short, king of the Franks (r. 741-768), anointed by order of Pope Zacharius I in 751 at Soissons, begins Carolingian dynasty. --Saint Boniface (d. 754). Benedictine missionary engaged in Christianization of Germanic tribes (said to have cut down Thor’s Oak, in 723, one of the sacred oak trees worshipped by the Germanic peoples) -- Battle of Roncesvaux Pass (778), Basques defeat and kill Roland (legendary hero of the Chanson de Roland , c. 1150) at the rearguard of Charlemagne’s armies. --Viking raid against Lindisfarne in England (793) --Harun al-Rashid, caliph of Baghdad (r. 786-809), Abbasid dynasty; composition of the One Thousand and One Nights ( The Arabian Nights ) --Charlemagne, king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 800-814), crowned by Pope Leo III. --Alcuin (d. 804), Northumbrian monk, scholar, and educator active at the court of Charlemagne. --Louis I the Pious, king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 814-840) --London sacked by Vikings (842) --Treaty of Verdun (843), division of the Holy Roman empire among Lothair, Charles the Bald, and Louis the German, grandsons of Charlemagne and sons of Louis the Pious. --Alfred the Great, king of Wessex in England (r. 871-899), containment of Viking expansion in England. -- Normans (“North-men” of Scandinavian origin) settle in northern France (Normandy) in 911 under an agreement with Charles the Simple (d. 922) --Abd al-Rahman III, caliph of Cordoba and ruler of Al-Andalus (r. 912-961) --Otto I, Saxon king of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor (r. 962-973) --Hugh Capet becomes king of France (r. 987-996), begins Capetian dynasty. --Aethelred, the Unready, Anglo-Saxon king of England (r. 978-1016), England besieged by Vikings. --Ibn-Sina (Avicenna) (d. 1037), Arabic physician. --Danish kings of England (1016-1042), Canute, Harold Harefoot, Hardecanute. --begins reign of Edward the Confessor (next to last of the Anglo-Saxon kings, r. 1042-1066), son of Aethelred II Unraed and Emma (daughter of Richard II, duke of Normandy); lived in exile in Normandy, during Danish rule of England, until 1041; conflicts and power sharing with Godwine, earl of Wessex, and his son Harold; supposedly Edward, on his deathbed, designated Harold as his successor, reversing an earlier promise to William, duke of Normandy. --East-West Schism (1054), separation of Roman Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox Church; mutual excommunication of Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael Cerularius. --death of Edward the Confessor (r. 1042-1066), son of Aethelred the Unready and one of the last kings of the Anglo-Saxons. --Battle of Hastings (October 14, 1066); Norman invasion of England by William the Conqueror; death of Harold Godwinson, last Anglo-Saxon king (r. Jan 5-Oct 14, 1066), killed at Hastings; end of the Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066) --William I, king of England (r. 1066-1087) --Pope Gregory VII (Hildebrand) declares the supremacy of the Church, terminates the right of secular rulers to appoint ecclesiastical officials, and begins the Investiture Controversy; opposition and excommunication of Henry IV. --Henry IV begs forgiveness of Gregory VII at Canossa (1077) --First Crusade (1095-1099) launched by Pope Urban II. --death of El Cid (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, 1040-1099), Spanish hero of the Reconquista (military campaigns against the Arabs in Spain) -- peak of Medieval Warm Period or Medieval Climate Optimum (800-1300 AD), favorable weather spurs food production, economic prosperity and expansionism in Europe. -- Mabinogion , collection of eleven Welsh stories including Kulhwch and Olwen (c. 1100) one of the earliest literary treatments of Arthurian legends. --origins of Order of the Knights Templar (c. 1119-1120), military religious order founded for the purposes of supporting the Crusades and the presence of Europeans in the Holy Land; Templars became very wealthy and influential; eventually the Order was officially suppressed (1312) and many Templars were executed or imprisoned, their property confiscated (1307-1314) --Omar Khayyam (d. 1123), Arabic poet author of the Rubaiyat. --William of Poitiers (d. 1126), first of the troubadours. --Concordat of Worms (1122), compromise between papacy and empire over investiture issue, end of Investiture Controversy. --Geoffrey of Monmouth's Historia Regum Britanniae (History of the Kings of Britain, 1136-1139), in Latin; covers period till 689 A.D.; source of many Arthurian legends. -- El Cantar de Mio Cid (Song of El Cid), Spanish epic poem celebrating the exploits of Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar, El Cid (1040-1099) --death of Peter Abelard (1079-1142), intellectual, philosopher, teacher, theologian and advocate of the use of logic and reason in the study of theology; bitterly persecuted by Bernard de Clairvaux. --Second Crusade (1147-1149), launched by Pope Eugenius III (d. 1153) and preached by St. Bernart de Clairvaux (1090-1153); led by Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany; ended in failure. -- Chanson de Roland (Song of Roland), French epic poem telling of the deeds and death of the hero Roland at the Battle of Roncesvaux Pass (fictionalized as an encounter between Christians and Arabs) --death of St. Bernard de Clairvaux (1090-1153), persecutor of heretics; enemy of reason, logic, and intellectual approaches to theology; promoter of the Second Crusade, Mariology (the cult of the Virgin Mary), and the Order of the Knights Templar; a bitter opponent of Peter Abelard (1079-1142) --begins reign of Henry II (House of Plantagenet, Angevine Empire) (r. 1154-1189), son of Matilda and grandson of Henry I; married in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine (1122-1204) (Eleanor was divorced from Louis VII of France); Eleanor and Henry were the parents of Richard the Lion- Heart and John Lackland; Eleanor was patroness of French/Provençal courtly poets/troubadours (e.g. Bernart de Ventadorn, fl. 1150-1180) and performers (jongleurs) --Marie de France (second half of 12th c.) (perhaps a half sister of Henry II), author of the Lais , Celtic/Breton verse narratives in octosyllabic couplets in Anglo-Norman language. --Marie de Champagne (1145-1198), daughter of Eleanor of Aquitaine and Louis VII of France; patroness of the arts and of authors like Chrétien de Troyes and Andreas Capellanus ( The Art of Courtly Love , 1184-1186). --Chrétien de Troyes (fl. 1165-1180), author of romances in French octosyllabic couplets, Erec et Enide , Cliges , Lancelot , Yvain , Perceval , major influence on subsequent Arthurian literature. --murder of Thomas à Becket, Archbishop of Canterbury, instigated by Henry II (r. 1154-1189) --Frederick I Barbarossa, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1155-1190), Hohenstaufen dynasty. --Third Crusade (1189-1192), ended in failure; Frederick Barbarossa died by drowning on the way to the Holy Land (1190) --Richard the Lion-Heart, king of England (r. 1189-1199), son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine; participated in the Third Crusade; legends of Robin Hood in the days of Richard’s reign. --Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216) --Fourth Crusade (1202-1204), redirected against Christian Byzantine Empire; capture and sack of Constantinople (1204) --John Lackland, king of England (r. 1199-1216); loss of Normandy in 1204; Magna Carta (1215) imposed on him by English barons. --St Francis of Assisi (1182-1226) visits Pope Innocent III (1209) --Albigensian Crusade (1209-1229), directed against Albigensian/Cathar heretics in southern France, called by Pope Innocent III in alliance with northern French; destruction of courtly southern French civilization. --Children's Crusade (1212) --St Dominic (1170-1221), preacher and persecutor of heretics, founder of Order of Friars Preachers (1216) --Philip II Augustus, king of France (r. 1180-1223) --Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor (r. 1220-1250), Hohenstaufen dynasty; enlightened ruler, intellectual, and patron of the arts and sciences; called “Stupor mundi” (“amazement of the world”); conflicts with Pope Gregory IX (d. 1241) who excommunicated and considered him the Antichrist. --death of Genghis Khan (d. 1227), leader of the Mongols. --the Inquisition established to continue persecution of heretics after the end of the Albigensian Crusade. --begins reign of Edward I, Longshanks, in England (r. 1272-1307), son of Henry III, conquered Wales and waged war with Scotland, father of Edward II (r. 1307-1327) --death of St. Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274), theologian and author of the Summa Theologica. --end of the Medieval Warm Period and beginning of the Little Ice Age that lasted till around 1500. --Dante’s Divine Comedy (1302-321) --Pope Boniface VIII (r. 1294-1303); conflicts with Philip IV of France, the Fair (le Bel) (r. 1285-1314); mentioned by Dante in the Inferno as one of the simoniac popes. --begins reign of Edward III, king of England (r. 1327-1377), son of Edward II; Edward III's claim to French throne led to Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) with English victories at Crécy (1346), Poitiers (1356), Agincourt (1415); role of Joan of Arc in French defense (1429); final French victory (1453), English lost all continental holdings. --Black Death, epidemic of bubonic plague in Europe (1348-1351) --Boccaccio’s Decameron (1353) --death of Francesco Petrarca (d. 1374), Italian poet, scholar and one of the founders of Humanism. --begins reign of Richard II in England (r.1377-1399) (grandson of Edward III and son of Edward the Black Prince) --Peasants' Revolt in England (Wat Tyler) suppressed by Richard II (1381) --death of Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400), author of the Canterbury Tales (1386-1400) 1450. --invention of the printing press by Johannes Gutenberg. 1453. --capture of Constantinople by Ottoman Turks, flight of Greek Byzantine culture into western Europe. --end of the Hundred Years’ War between France and England. --END OF THE MIDDLE AGES AND BEGINNING OF THE RENAISSANCE-- --beginning of the War of the Roses in England (1455-1485); York (white rose) vs. Lancaster (red rose), Richard Duke of York vs. Henry VI. --introduction of the printing press to England by William Caxton. --death of Richard III (1483-85) (last Plantagenet king; Edward IV's brother) killed by Lancastrian Henry VII in the final battle of the War of the Roses at Bosworth Field. --begins reign of Henry VII (r. 1485-1509) marries Elizabeth of York (daughter of Edward IV), fathers Henry VIII, and begins Tudor dynasty. Medieval society 400-1450 free download. In contrast to the Classical Period, which saw tremendous growth and innovation in the study of communication, the Medieval Period might be considered the dark ages of academic study in our field. During this era, the Greco-Roman culture was dominated by Christian influence after the fall of the Roman Empire. The church felt threatened by secular rhetorical works they considered full of pagan thought. While the church preserved many of the classical teachings of rhetoric, it made them scarce to those not in direct service to the church. A secular education was extremely hard to obtain during the Medieval Period for almost everyone. Even though Christianity condemned communication study as pagan and corrupt, it embraced several aspects of the Classical Period to serve its specific purposes. The ideas from the Classical Period were too valuable for the church to completely ignore. Thus, they focused on communication study to help them develop better preaching and letter writing skills to persuade people to Christianity. Emphasis was placed on persuasion and developing public presentations, both oral and written. Like the Classical Period, those in power continued to stifle women’s participation in communication study, keeping them largely illiterate while men served as the overseers of the church and the direction of academic inquiry. One of the most recognizable people from this era was Augustine (354 CE-430 CE), a Christian clergyman and renowned rhetorician who actually argued for the continued development of ideas that had originated during the Classical Period. He thought that the study of persuasion, in particular, was a particularly worthwhile pursuit for the church. Augustine was a teacher by trade and used his teaching skills as well as knowledge of communication to move “men” toward truth, which for him was the word of God (Baldwin). With the exception of Augustine, the formal study of communication took a back seat to a focus on theological issues during the Medieval Period. Fortunately, the study of communication managed to survive as one of the seven branches of a liberal education during this period, but it remained focused on developing presentational styles apt for preaching. Boethius and the Archbishop Isidore of Seville made small efforts to preserve classical learning by reviving the works of Cicero and Quintilian to persuade people to be just and good. Nevertheless, aside from Augustine’s work, little progress was made during the remaining Medieval years; the formal study of communication literally plunged into the “dark ages” before reemerging during the Renaissance. In pictures: medieval life. This image, dated c1150, depicts officers receiving and weighing coins from taxpayers at the exchequer in Westminster, London. As today, medieval people were concerned about money and status. In the cities, people had all kinds of jobs: merchants, salesmen, carpenters, butchers, weavers, foodsellers, architects, painters, jugglers. And in the countryside it was not at all the case that everyone was an impoverished ‘serf’ (that is, ‘unfree’ and tied to the land). Many peasants were free men – and women – and owned their own land. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images). This illustration from the codex of the Cantigas de Santa Maria, c1280, depicts two minstrels. It was found in the collection of the Monasterio de El Escorial. In the medieval period, minstrels earned a living playing music or reading poetry. (Photo by Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images) This image from Tacuinum Sanitatis , a medieval health handbook, dated before 1400, depicts a peasant with her daughter gathering crops. Famine was a real danger for medieval men and women: faced with dwindling food supplies due to bad weather and poor harvests, people starved or barely survived on meagre rations like bark, berries and inferior corn and wheat damaged by mildew. (Photo by Prisma/UIG/Getty Images) In this image dated c1400, a servant is seen tasting wine before serving it at the table. He is watched by priests, bishops and a king. Contemporary sources suggest medieval people enjoyed a wide variety of cuisine, and were adventurous in their tastes: pasta, pasties and sweet and sour dishes were commonplace courtly dishes. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) This is a c1275 Franco-Flemish depiction of a couple taking baths in adjoining tubs. Contrary to popular belief, even in the medieval period hygiene was considered a sign that you were civilised. Most major towns boasted public baths, as did many private houses. Bathtubs were made using similar techniques to those used to craft wine barrels. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) In this image dated 1491, a physician is seen removing a stone from a patient’s bladder. Just as we do today, people in the medieval period worried about their health and what they might do to ward off sickness, or alleviate symptoms if they did fall ill. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) This 1491 woodcut from Jacob Meydenbach’s Hortus Sanitatis (Garden of Health) depicts an apothecary using a pestle and mortar to extract tyriac from snake flesh while the snakes are eating birds and their eggs. In the medieval period, tyriac was used to treat poisonous bites. Other unusual medieval remedies included snails, owls and liquorice. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) This c1250 image depicts a medieval knight surprising a lady in her bath. (Photo by Three Lions/Getty Images) This c1340 illustration from the Romance of Alexander in the Bodleian Library, Oxford, depicts clothes infected by the Black Death being burnt. The Black Death was thought to have been an outbreak of the bubonic plague, which killed up to half the population of Europe. (Photo by Hulton Archive/Getty Images) This 1390-1400 illustration from Tacuinum Sanitatis – an illuminated medical manual found in the collection of the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris – depicts a woman waving a stick at a dog drinking the whey from some freshly made cheese. Meat, cheese and cereal crops dominated the medieval diet. The Proprietary Church In The Medieval West. Download full The Proprietary Church In The Medieval West Book or read online anytime anywhere, Available in PDF, ePub and Kindle. Click Get Books and find your favorite books in the online library. Create free account to access unlimited books, fast download and ads free! We cannot guarantee that The Proprietary Church In The Medieval West book is in the library. READ as many books as you like (Personal use). The Proprietary Church in the Medieval West. Author : Susan Wood Publisher : Oxford University Press Release Date : 2006-08-03 Genre: History Pages : 1020 ISBN 10 : 0198206976. Although there have been many regional studies of the proprietary church or particular aspects of it, this is the first extensive study of it covering most of western Europe, from the end of the Roman Empire in the West to about 1200. The book aims at a broad survey in varying degrees of intensity and with a shifting geographical focus; and it asks questions that are as much social and religious as legal or administrative.The book vindicates, for village and estate churches, Ulrich Stutz's basic concept of a church with its possessions, revenues, and priestly office as an object of what we can reasonably call property. But it largely rejects his and his followers' application of this to great churches, and sees the position of intermediate churches (such as small or middling monasteries) as various, changeable, and ambivalent. Above all it turns away from Stutz's view of the property relationship as a distinctinstitution or system of 'Germanic church law', presenting it rather as a fluid set of assumptions and practices taking shape as customary law.The book considers also the changing background of ideas and the bearing on it of important polemical writings (with some questioning of their established interpretations). Finally the book discusses how property in churches was imperfectly superseded by the new canon-law patronage, in the increasingly bureaucratic post-Gregorian Church. Church and People in the Medieval West 900 1200. Author : Sarah Hamilton Publisher : Routledge Release Date : 2015-08-12 Genre: History Pages : 432 ISBN 10 : 9781317325338. During the middle ages, belief in God was the single more important principle for every person, and the all-powerful church was the most important institution. It is impossible to understand the medieval world without understanding the religious vision of the time, and this new textbook offers an approach which explores the meaning of this in day-to-day life, as well as the theory behind it. Church and People in the Medieval West gets to the root of belief in the Middle Ages, covering topics including pastoral reform, popular religion, monasticism, heresy and much more, throughout the central middle ages from 900-1200. Suitable for undergraduate courses in medieval history, and those returning to or approaching the subject for the first time. The Medieval Church. Author : Joseph Lynch Publisher : Routledge Release Date : 2014-07-17 Genre: History Pages : 368 ISBN 10 : 9781317563334. The Medieval Church: A Brief History argues for the pervasiveness of the Church in every aspect of life in medieval Europe. It shows how the institution of the Church attempted to control the lives and behaviour of medieval people, for example, through canon law, while at the same time being influenced by popular movements like the friars and heresy. This fully updated and illustrated second edition offers a new introductory chapter on ‘the Basics of Christianity,’ for students who might be unfamiliar with this territory. The book now has new material on some of the key individuals in church history: Benedict of Nursia, Hildegard of Bingen, Bernard of Clairvaux and Francis of Assisi as well as a more comprehensive study throughout of the role of women in the medieval church. Lynch and Adamo seek to explain the history of the Church as an institution, and to explore its all-pervasive role in medieval life. In the course of the thousand years covered in this book, we see the members and leaders of the Western Church struggle with questions that are still relevant today: What is the nature of God? How does a church keep beliefs from becoming diluted in a diverse society? What role should the state play in religion? The book is now accompanied by a website with textual, visual, and musical primary sources making it a fantastic resource for students of medieval history. Medieval Christianity. Author : Kevin Madigan Publisher : Yale University Press Release Date : 2015-01-01 Genre: History Pages : 487 ISBN 10 : 9780300158724. A new narrative history of medieval Christianity, spanning from A.D. 500 to 1500, focuses on the role of women in Christianity; the relationships among Christians, Jews and Muslims; the experience of ordinary parishioners; the adventure of asceticism, devotion and worship; and instruction through drama, architecture and art. Christianization and Commonwealth in Early Medieval Europe. Author : Nathan J. Ristuccia Publisher : Oxford University Press Release Date : 2018-03-01 Genre: Religion Pages : 312 ISBN 10 : 9780192539656. Christianization and Commonwealth in Early Medieval Europe re-examines the alterations in Western European life that followed widespread conversion to Christianity-the phenomena traditionally termed "Christianization". It refocuses scholarly paradigms for Christianization around the development of mandatory rituals. One prominent ritual, Rogationtide supplies an ideal case study demonstrating a new paradigm of "Christianization without religion." Christianization in the Middle Ages was not a slow process through which a Christian system of religious beliefs and practices replaced an earlier pagan system. In the Middle Ages, religion did not exist in the sense of a fixed system of belief bounded off from other spheres of life. Rather, Christianization was primarily ritual performance. Being a Christian meant joining a local church community. After the fall of Rome, mandatory rituals such as Rogationtide arose to separate a Christian commonwealth from the pagans, heretics, and Jews outside it. A Latin West between the polis and the parish had its own institution-the Rogation procession-for organizing local communities. For medieval people, sectarian borders were often flexible and rituals served to demarcate these borders. Rogationtide is an ideal case study of this demarcation, because it was an emotionally powerful feast, which combined pageantry with doctrinal instruction, community formation, social ranking, devotional exercises, and bodily mortification. As a result, rival groups quarrelled over the holiday's meaning and procedure, sometimes violently, in order to reshape the local order and ban people and practices as non-Christian. Medieval Territories. Author : Flocel Sabaté Publisher : Cambridge Scholars Publishing Release Date : 2019-01-15 Genre: Social Science Pages : 420 ISBN 10 : 9781527525672. This volume brings together 18 case studies investigating territory in the Middle Ages from an archaeological perspective. It offers contributions from prestigious professors, such as Flocel Sabaté and Jesús Brufal, and a selected set of young researchers. It promotes new perspectives on territory studies through innovative research methods. The case studies are organized chronologically from the end of the Roman Empire to the end of the Middle Ages, focusing especially on cases in Portugal, Spain and Italy, in order to provide a Mediterranean perspective. The volume explores a range of topics, from aspects of methodological informatics in the valley of Ager in Catalonia, the evolution of prosperous cities in the Middle Ages (such as Braga, Pisa and Milan), the transformation of the early medieval rural space to the long evolution of island territories (Sardinia), and the influence of the military actions, the political power and the religious architecture on the landscape in the Iberian and the Italian Peninsula, among other topics. As such, this publication offers a variety of new insights into the study of medieval territory. The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity. Author : John Arnold Publisher : Oxford Handbooks Release Date : 2014 Genre: History Pages : 580 ISBN 10 : 9780199582136. This volume brings together the latest scholarship on the beliefs, practices, and institutions of the Christian Church between 400 and 1500 AD. The Oxford Handbook of Medieval Christianity is about the beliefs, practices, and institutions of the Roman Church between 400 and 1500AD, and brings together in one volume a host of cutting-edge analysis. The book does not primarily provide a chronological narrative, but rather seeks to demonstrate the variety, change, and complexity of religion across this long period, and the numerous different ways in which modern scholarship can approach it. It presents the work of thirty academic authors, from the US, the UK, and Europe, addressing topics that range from early medieval monasticism to late medieval mysticism, from the material wealth of the Church to the spiritual exercises through which certain believers might attempt to improve their souls. Each chapter tells a story, but seeks also to ask how and why "Christianity" took on a particular shape at a particular moment, paying attention to both the spiritual and otherwordly aspects of religion, and the very material and political contexts in which they were often embedded. The book aims to be an indispensable guide to future discussion in the field--Publisher description. The Clergy in the Medieval World. Author : Julia Barrow Publisher : Cambridge University Press Release Date : 2015-01-15 Genre: History Pages : 454 ISBN 10 : 9781107086388. The first broad-ranging social history in English of the medieval secular clergy. The Byzantine Empire in the Medieval World (7th-15th cent.) (Course, Univ. Vienna, Winter 2015-2016) Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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